{"title":"Studying college alcohol use: widening the lens, sharpening the focus.","authors":"G. Dowdall, H. Wechsler","doi":"10.15288/JSAS.2002.S14.14","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15288/JSAS.2002.S14.14","url":null,"abstract":"OBJECTIVE\u0000The study was designed to assess current trends in studying, and emerging approaches to furthering understanding of, college drinking.\u0000\u0000\u0000METHOD\u0000A literature review was conducted of findings and methods highlighting conceptual and methodological issues that need to be addressed.\u0000\u0000\u0000RESULTS\u0000Most studies address clinical, developmental and psychological variables and are conducted at single points in time on single campuses. Factors affecting college alcohol use and methods of studying them are discussed.\u0000\u0000\u0000CONCLUSIONS\u0000Most current studies of college drinking do not address the influence of the college and its alcohol environment. Our understanding of college drinking can be improved by expanding the scope of issues studied and choosing appropriate research designs.","PeriodicalId":17056,"journal":{"name":"Journal of studies on alcohol. Supplement","volume":"53 1","pages":"14-22"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76335890","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A typology for campus-based alcohol prevention: moving toward environmental management strategies.","authors":"W. DeJong, Linda M. Langford","doi":"10.15288/JSAS.2002.S14.140","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15288/JSAS.2002.S14.140","url":null,"abstract":"OBJECTIVE\u0000This article outlines a typology of programs and policies for preventing and treating campus-based alcohol-related problems, reviews recent case studies showing the promise of campus-based environmental management strategies and reports findings from a national survey of U.S. colleges and universities about available resources for pursuing environmentally focused prevention.\u0000\u0000\u0000METHOD\u0000The typology is grounded in a social ecological framework, which recognizes that health-related behaviors are affected through multiple levels of influence: intrapersonal (individual) factors, interpersonal (group) processes, institutional factors, community factors and public policy. The survey on prevention resources and activities was mailed to senior administrators responsible for their school's institutional response to substance use problems. The study sample was an equal probability sample of 365 2- and 4-year U.S. campuses. The response rate was 76.9%.\u0000\u0000\u0000RESULTS\u0000Recent case studies suggest the value of environmentally focused alcohol prevention approaches on campus, but more rigorous research is needed to establish their effectiveness. The administrators' survey showed that most U.S. colleges have not yet installed the basic infrastructure required for developing, implementing and evaluating environmental management strategies.\u0000\u0000\u0000CONCLUSIONS\u0000The typology of campus-based prevention options can be used to categorize current efforts and to inform strategic planning of multilevel interventions. Additional colleges and universities should establish a permanent campus task force that reports directly to the president, participate actively in a campus-community coalition that seeks to change the availability of alcohol in the local community and join a state-level association that speaks out on state and federal policy issues.","PeriodicalId":17056,"journal":{"name":"Journal of studies on alcohol. Supplement","volume":"4 2","pages":"140-7"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72592045","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
H. Perkins, Ross, P. Alcohol, P. Anderson, D. A. Mathieu, K. Curtis, A. A. Kayson, L. Desiderato, Crawford And, R. Engs, Aldo-Benson And, R. C. A. Engs, D. J. Hanson, Boozing, N. Harrington, H. Leitenberg, L. Johnston, P. M. O 'malley, J. G. And Bachman, C. Koss, N. Wisniewski, J. Leichliter, C. Cashin, J. R. Alcohol, P. W. Meilman, J. Gaylor, M. S. And Turco, J. H. Alcohol, H. Perkins, A. D. And Berkowitz, J. Cashin, J. Presley, C. A. Misperceptions, H. Perkins, H. Wechsler, D. Taylor, J. Newcomb, P. Indicators, A. Rimm, Gledhill-Hoyt, J. Lee, C. E. Werch, D. R. Gorman, Marty And, M. Werner, L. Walker, J. W. Greene, P. Wood, K. Sher, D. DeBord, K. A. Predicting Aca, M. Cooper
{"title":"Surveying the damage: a review of research on consequences of alcohol misuse in college populations.","authors":"H. Perkins, Ross, P. Alcohol, P. Anderson, D. A. Mathieu, K. Curtis, A. A. Kayson, L. Desiderato, Crawford And, R. Engs, Aldo-Benson And, R. C. A. Engs, D. J. Hanson, Boozing, N. Harrington, H. Leitenberg, L. Johnston, P. M. O 'malley, J. G. And Bachman, C. Koss, N. Wisniewski, J. Leichliter, C. Cashin, J. R. Alcohol, P. W. Meilman, J. Gaylor, M. S. And Turco, J. H. Alcohol, H. Perkins, A. D. And Berkowitz, J. Cashin, J. Presley, C. A. Misperceptions, H. Perkins, H. Wechsler, D. Taylor, J. Newcomb, P. Indicators, A. Rimm, Gledhill-Hoyt, J. Lee, C. E. Werch, D. R. Gorman, Marty And, M. Werner, L. Walker, J. W. Greene, P. Wood, K. Sher, D. DeBord, K. A. Predicting Aca, M. Cooper","doi":"10.15288/JSAS.2002.S14.91","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15288/JSAS.2002.S14.91","url":null,"abstract":"This article provides a review and synthesis of professional research literature on the types, extent and patterns of negative consequences produced by students' misuse of alcohol in college populations based on survey research conducted during the last two decades. Considerable evidence is available documenting a wide range of damage by some students' drinking done to themselves as well as to other individuals, although some types of consequences remain speculative. Damage and costs to institutions are likely to be substantial, but this claim remains largely an inference based on current studies. Drinking by males compared with that of females produces more consequences for self and others that involve public deviance, whereas females' drinking contributes equally with males to consequences that are personal and relatively private. Research on racial/ethnic background, time trends and developmental stages reveals patterns in student data on consequences of drinking, but these data are very limited in the literature. Evidence suggests there is only a modest correlation between students' self-perception of having a drinking problem and the many negative consequences of drinking that are reported.","PeriodicalId":17056,"journal":{"name":"Journal of studies on alcohol. Supplement","volume":"4 1","pages":"91-100"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81835660","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"College factors that influence drinking.","authors":"C. A. Presley, P. Meilman, J. Leichliter","doi":"10.15288/JSAS.2002.S14.82","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15288/JSAS.2002.S14.82","url":null,"abstract":"OBJECTIVE\u0000The purpose of this article is to examine the aspects of collegiate environments, rather than student characteristics, that influence drinking. Unfortunately, the existing literature is scant on this topic.\u0000\u0000\u0000METHOD\u0000A literature review of articles primarily published within the last 10 years, along with some earlier \"landmark\" studies of collegiate drinking in the United States, was conducted to determine institutional factors that influence the consumption of alcohol. In addition, a demonstration analysis of Core Alcohol and Drug Survey research findings was conducted to further elucidate the issues.\u0000\u0000\u0000RESULTS\u0000Several factors have been shown to relate to drinking: (1) organizational property variables of campuses, including affiliations (historically black institutions, women's institutions), presence of a Greek system, athletics and 2- or 4-year designation; (2) physical and behavioral property variables of campuses, including type of residence, institution size, location and quantity of heavy episodic drinking; and (3) campus community property variables, including pricing and availability and outlet density. Studies, however, tend to look at individual variables one at a time rather than in combination (multivariate analyses). Some new analyses, using Core Alcohol and Drug Survey data sets, are presented as examples of promising approaches to future research.\u0000\u0000\u0000CONCLUSIONS\u0000Given the complexities of campus environments, it continues to be a challenge to the field to firmly establish the most compelling institutional and environmental factors relating to high-risk collegiate drinking.","PeriodicalId":17056,"journal":{"name":"Journal of studies on alcohol. Supplement","volume":"73 1","pages":"82-90"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74894432","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Alcohol-related aggression during the college years: theories, risk factors and policy implications.","authors":"P. Giancola","doi":"10.15288/JSAS.2002.S14.129","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15288/JSAS.2002.S14.129","url":null,"abstract":"OBJECTIVE\u0000The purpose of this article is to present an overview of the research literature on alcohol-related aggression with a focus on college students.\u0000\u0000\u0000METHOD\u0000Data from both survey studies and experimental laboratory investigations conducted on college students are reviewed. Various methodological approaches to studying the alcohol-aggression relation, and their associated limitations, are then presented and discussed.\u0000\u0000\u0000RESULTS\u0000The literature indicates that alcohol consumption facilitates aggressive behavior and increases the risk of being the victim of a violent act, particularly in heavy drinkers. Results from these studies are then placed into a context by reviewing 12 influential theories of aggression and alcohol-related aggression. On the basis of these theories and empirical data, a preliminary risk profile is presented to help identify which factors are likely to be important in predicting who will and who will not become aggressive after drinking alcohol.\u0000\u0000\u0000CONCLUSIONS\u0000Although much research is still needed to elucidate the intricate causes of alcohol-related aggression, current prevention efforts might focus on modifying key risk factors such as poor cognitive functioning and inaccurate expectations about the effects of alcohol. Other prevention efforts directed specifically at college students might focus on helping them to identify risky situations that might facilitate the expression of intoxicated aggression.","PeriodicalId":17056,"journal":{"name":"Journal of studies on alcohol. Supplement","volume":"14 1","pages":"129-39"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77923431","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Alcohol use and risky sexual behavior among college students and youth: evaluating the evidence.","authors":"M. Cooper","doi":"10.15288/JSAS.2002.S14.101","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15288/JSAS.2002.S14.101","url":null,"abstract":"OBJECTIVE\u0000To evaluate the empirical associations between alcohol use and risky sex at two levels of analysis. Global associations test whether individuals who engage in one behavior are more likely to engage in the other, whereas event-specific associations test whether the likelihood of engaging in one behavior on a given occasion varies as a function of engaging in the other on that same occasion.\u0000\u0000\u0000METHOD\u0000Studies examining the association between drinking and risky sex in samples of college students and youth were reviewed. Those published in the past 10 years and using event-level methodology or random sampling were emphasized.\u0000\u0000\u0000RESULTS\u0000Findings were generally consistent across levels of analysis, but differed across types of risky behaviors. Drinking was strongly related to the decision to have sex and to indiscriminate forms of risky sex (e.g., having multiple or casual sex partners), but was inconsistently related to protective behaviors (e.g., condom use). Moreover, the links among alcohol use, the decision to have sex and indiscriminate behaviors were found in both between-persons and within-persons analyses, suggesting that these relationships cannot be adequately explained by stable individual differences between people who do and do not drink. Analysis of event characteristics showed that drinking was more strongly associated with decreased protective behaviors among younger individuals, on first intercourse experiences and for events that occurred on average longer ago.\u0000\u0000\u0000CONCLUSIONS\u0000Future efforts aimed at reducing alcohol use in potentially sexual situations may decrease some forms of risky sex, but are less likely to affect protective behaviors directly.","PeriodicalId":17056,"journal":{"name":"Journal of studies on alcohol. Supplement","volume":"39 1","pages":"101-17"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85067670","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Environmental policies to reduce college drinking: options and research findings.","authors":"T. Toomey, A. Wagenaar","doi":"10.15288/JSAS.2002.S14.193","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15288/JSAS.2002.S14.193","url":null,"abstract":"OBJECTIVE The goal of this article is to provide an overview of environmental strategies that may reduce college drinking. Drinking behavior is influenced by many environmental factors, including messages in the media, community norms and attitudes, public and institutional policies and practices and economic factors. College student drinking may be influenced by environmental factors on and off campus. METHOD A comprehensive search of MEDLINE, ETOH, Current Contents and Social Science Abstracts databases was conducted to identify research studies evaluating effects of environmental strategies on college and general populations. RESULTS The identified environmental strategies fall into four categories: (1) increasing compliance with minimum legal drinking age laws, (2) reducing consumption and risky alcohol use, (3) decreasing specific types of alcohol-related problems and (4) de-emphasizing the role of alcohol on campus and promoting academics and citizenship. Although the extant research indicates that many environmental strategies are promising for reducing alcohol-related problems among the general population, few of these strategies have been evaluated for effects on the college population. CONCLUSIONS Further research is needed to evaluate effects of alcohol control policies on alcohol consumption and its related problems among college students.","PeriodicalId":17056,"journal":{"name":"Journal of studies on alcohol. Supplement","volume":"67 1","pages":"193-205"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75626663","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The development of alcohol and other substance use: a gender study of family and peer context.","authors":"H Hops, B Davis, L M Lewin","doi":"10.15288/jsas.1999.s13.22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15288/jsas.1999.s13.22","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study examined early school-based academic and social variables with concurrent family conflict in predicting adolescent alcohol and other drug use.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>365 children were assessed initially in grades 2-4 on academic-related and social behavior variables using teacher ratings and rankings, peer nominations and ratings and direct observation of playground and classroom behavior. They were reassessed in grades 9-10, using interviews and questionnaires to determine the initiation and sequence of their use of alcohol, tobacco, marijuana and other hard drugs.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In three sets of analyses, independently for males and females, lifetime abstainers were compared with adolescents who had used (1) only alcohol; (2) alcohol and tobacco; (3) alcohol, tobacco and marijuana; and (4) all three plus other hard drugs. The drug classifications represent a normative-deviant continuum of adolescent drug use. Constructs were developed for early academic and social predictors as well as concurrent family conflict. The results showed more wide-ranging academic and social difficulties during elementary school for children falling at the more deviant end of the drug use continuum. For girls, the concurrent home environment appeared to moderate the effect of early academic and social variables.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Substance use established by ages 14-15 can be predicted by academic and social behavior displayed at ages 7-9. This suggests that prevention efforts for alcohol and other drugs may be more effective if directed at earlier antecedent behaviors rather than those that are concurrent with substance use.</p>","PeriodicalId":17056,"journal":{"name":"Journal of studies on alcohol. Supplement","volume":"13 ","pages":"22-31"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.15288/jsas.1999.s13.22","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"21096226","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Alcohol and the marriage effect.","authors":"K E Leonard, J C Rothbard","doi":"10.15288/jsas.1999.s13.139","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15288/jsas.1999.s13.139","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Research indicates a marriage effect with respect to drinking and drinking problems. This effect is characterized by less consumption and fewer problems among married men and women as compared with either single or divorced individuals.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>This article reviews evidence regarding processes that might account for the marriage effect.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The literature suggests that the marriage effect reflects three processes: (1) reduced alcohol consumption triggered by the transition to marriage, (2) the deleterious effect of heavy drinking on marital quality and marital stability and (3) increased consumption in response to the transition to divorce.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Given the nature of these transitions, it is argued that transitions to marriage and divorce should be viewed as unique opportunities for adult prevention activities, but that more pre-prevention research focused on changes over these transitions is needed to help target prevention efforts.</p>","PeriodicalId":17056,"journal":{"name":"Journal of studies on alcohol. Supplement","volume":"13 ","pages":"139-46"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.15288/jsas.1999.s13.139","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"21095507","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Effects of a home-based family intervention on adolescent alcohol use and misuse.","authors":"C J Loveland-Cherry, L T Ross, S R Kaufman","doi":"10.15288/jsas.1999.s13.94","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15288/jsas.1999.s13.94","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Systematic evaluation of theoretically and empirically based family programs to prevent adolescent alcohol use/misuse is limited. Data presented here are from a longitudinal study evaluating a home-based universal adolescent alcohol use prevention program. The intervention was designed to enhance protective factors and minimize risk factors identified as influencing adolescent alcohol use.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>A randomized pretest/posttest repeated measures design was used. Adolescents (N = 428; 54% females, 86% European American) and their parents were recruited from three Midwestern school districts. Families were randomly assigned to either a three-session family intervention or a no-intervention control condition. Pretest data collection and the intervention occurred when the adolescents were in fourth grade, and a booster intervention was given in seventh grade. Posttest data collection was completed each year for 4 years in the classroom for adolescents.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The intervention was associated with a reduction in alcohol use (F = 5.16, 4/421 df, p < .001) and misuse (F = 3.08, 4/421 df, p < .05) for those adolescents in the intervention condition who were not using alcohol prior to the initiation of the program, but not for those who were using alcohol before initiation of the program.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The results support the possible effectiveness of the family intervention as a universal prevention program for decreasing initiation of alcohol use and subsequent misuse for the majority of adolescents who do not report prior drinking. However, additional intervention approaches appear necessary for adolescents who have already used alcohol.</p>","PeriodicalId":17056,"journal":{"name":"Journal of studies on alcohol. Supplement","volume":"13 ","pages":"94-102"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.15288/jsas.1999.s13.94","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"21096202","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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