Journal of studies on alcohol. Supplement最新文献_第3页

Student factors: understanding individual variation in college drinking. 学生因素:了解大学饮酒的个体差异。

Journal of studies on alcohol. Supplement Pub Date : 2002-03-01 DOI: 10.15288/JSAS.2002.S14.40

J. Baer

{"title":"Student factors: understanding individual variation in college drinking.","authors":"J. Baer","doi":"10.15288/JSAS.2002.S14.40","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15288/JSAS.2002.S14.40","url":null,"abstract":"OBJECTIVE\u0000Research on individual differences in drinking rates and associated problems among college students is reviewed.\u0000\u0000\u0000METHOD\u0000Studies are included if completed within U.S. college and university samples and found in published scientific literature as identified by several searches of national databases.\u0000\u0000\u0000RESULTS\u0000The resulting review suggests first that the extant literature is large and varied in quality, as most studies use questionnaire responses from samples of convenience in cross-sectional designs. Evidence from studies of college samples does consistently suggest that alcohol is consumed for several different purposes for different psychological effects in different contexts. A pattern of impulsivity/sensation seeking is strongly related to increased drinking among students. This pattern is supported by research into personality, drinking motives, alcohol expectancies and drinking contexts. A second pattern of drinking associated with negative emotional states is also documented. Some long-term consequences of this second pattern have been described. Social processes appear especially important for drinking in many college venues and may contribute to individual differences in drinking more than enduring personality differences.\u0000\u0000\u0000CONCLUSIONS\u0000Future research efforts should test interactive and mediating models of multiple risk factors and address developmental processes.","PeriodicalId":17056,"journal":{"name":"Journal of studies on alcohol. Supplement","volume":"1 1","pages":"40-53"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74154407","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 462

Identification, prevention and treatment: a review of individual-focused strategies to reduce problematic alcohol consumption by college students. 识别，预防和治疗:以个人为中心的策略，以减少大学生问题酒精消费的回顾。

Journal of studies on alcohol. Supplement Pub Date : 2002-03-01 DOI: 10.15288/JSAS.2002.S14.148

M. Larimer, J. M. Cronce

{"title":"Identification, prevention and treatment: a review of individual-focused strategies to reduce problematic alcohol consumption by college students.","authors":"M. Larimer, J. M. Cronce","doi":"10.15288/JSAS.2002.S14.148","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15288/JSAS.2002.S14.148","url":null,"abstract":"OBJECTIVE\u0000The purpose of this article is to review and assess the existing body of literature on individually focused prevention and treatment approaches for college student drinking.\u0000\u0000\u0000METHOD\u0000Studies that evaluate the overall efficacy of an approach by measuring behavioral outcomes such as reductions in alcohol use and associated negative consequences were included. All studies discussed utilized at least one outcome measure focused on behavioral change and included a control or comparison condition; however, not all trials were randomized.\u0000\u0000\u0000RESULTS\u0000Consistent with the results of previous reviews, little evidence exists for the utility of educational or awareness programs. Cognitive-behavioral skills-based interventions and brief motivational feedback (including mailed graphic feedback) have consistently yielded greater support for their efficacy than have informational interventions.\u0000\u0000\u0000CONCLUSIONS\u0000There is mixed support for values clarification and normative reeducation approaches. Much of the research suffers from serious methodological limitations. The evidence from this review suggests that campuses would best serve the student population by implementing brief, motivational or skills-based interventions, targeting high-risk students identified either through brief screening in health care centers or other campus settings or through membership in an identified risk group (e.g., freshmen, Greek organization members, athletes, mandated students). More research is needed to determine effective strategies for identifying, recruiting and retaining students in efficacious individually focused prevention services, and research on mandated student prevention services is an urgent priority. Integration between campus policies and individually oriented prevention approaches is recommended.","PeriodicalId":17056,"journal":{"name":"Journal of studies on alcohol. Supplement","volume":"107 1","pages":"148-63"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79327401","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 533

A developmental perspective on alcohol use and heavy drinking during adolescence and the transition to young adulthood. 从发展的角度看青春期和青年期的酒精使用和大量饮酒。

Journal of studies on alcohol. Supplement Pub Date : 2002-03-01 DOI: 10.15288/JSAS.2002.S14.54

J. Schulenberg, J. Maggs

{"title":"A developmental perspective on alcohol use and heavy drinking during adolescence and the transition to young adulthood.","authors":"J. Schulenberg, J. Maggs","doi":"10.15288/JSAS.2002.S14.54","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15288/JSAS.2002.S14.54","url":null,"abstract":"OBJECTIVE\u0000This article offers a developmental perspective on college drinking by focusing on broad developmental themes during adolescence and the transition to young adulthood.\u0000\u0000\u0000METHOD\u0000A literature review was conducted.\u0000\u0000\u0000RESULTS\u0000The transition to college involves major individual and contextual change in every domain of life; at the same time, heavy drinking and associated problems increase during this transition. A developmental contextual perspective encourages the examination of alcohol use and heavy drinking in relation to normative developmental tasks and transitions and in the context of students' changing lives, focusing on interindividual variation in the course and consequences of drinking and on a wide range of proximal and distal influences. Links between developmental transitions and alcohol use and other health risks are discussed in light of five conceptual models: Overload, Developmental Mismatch, Increased Heterogeneity, Transition Catalyst and Heightened Vulnerability to Chance Events. We review normative developmental transitions of adolescence and young adulthood, focusing on the domains of physical and cognitive development, identity, affiliation and achievement.\u0000\u0000\u0000CONCLUSIONS\u0000As shown in a selective review of empirical studies, these transitions offer important vantage points for examining increasing (and decreasing) alcohol and other drug use during adolescence and young adulthood. We conclude with a consideration of research and intervention implications.","PeriodicalId":17056,"journal":{"name":"Journal of studies on alcohol. Supplement","volume":"29 1","pages":"54-70"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82658415","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 922

Comprehensive community interventions to promote health: implications for college-age drinking problems. 促进健康的综合社区干预:对大学年龄饮酒问题的影响。

Journal of studies on alcohol. Supplement Pub Date : 2002-03-01 DOI: 10.15288/JSAS.2002.S14.226

R. Hingson, J. Howland

{"title":"Comprehensive community interventions to promote health: implications for college-age drinking problems.","authors":"R. Hingson, J. Howland","doi":"10.15288/JSAS.2002.S14.226","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15288/JSAS.2002.S14.226","url":null,"abstract":"OBJECTIVE\u0000This article reviews comprehensive community interventions that sought to reduce (1) cardiovascular disease risks; (2) smoking; (3) alcohol use disorders, alcohol-related injury and illicit drug use; or (4) sexual risk taking that could lead to HIV infection, sexually transmitted disease and pregnancy.\u0000\u0000\u0000METHOD\u0000Comprehensive community programs typically involve multiple city government agencies as well as private citizens and organizations and use multiple intervention strategies such as school-based and public education programs, media advocacy, community organizing, environmental policy changes and heightened enforcement of existing policies. This review focused on English-language papers published over the past several decades.\u0000\u0000\u0000RESULTS\u0000Some programs in each of the four problem areas achieved their behavioral and health goals. The most consistent benefits were found in programs targeting behaviors with immediate health consequences such as alcohol misuse or sexual risk taking. Results were less consistent when consequences of targeted behaviors were more distant in time such as cardiovascular risks and smoking. Also, programs that targeted youth to prevent them from starting new health-compromising behaviors tended to be more successful than programs aimed at modifying preexisting habits among adults. Programs that combined environmental and institutional policy change with theory-based education programs were the most likely to be successful. Finally, programs tailored to local conditions by the communities themselves tended to achieve more behavior change than programs imported from the outside.\u0000\u0000\u0000CONCLUSIONS\u0000Comprehensive community intervention approaches may have considerable potential to reduce college-age drinking problems, especially given the success of these programs in reducing alcohol-related problems and in preventing health-compromising behaviors among youth.","PeriodicalId":17056,"journal":{"name":"Journal of studies on alcohol. Supplement","volume":"3 1","pages":"226-40"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82897826","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 101

The adolescent brain and the college drinker: biological basis of propensity to use and misuse alcohol. 青少年大脑和大学饮酒者:酒精使用和滥用倾向的生物学基础。

Journal of studies on alcohol. Supplement Pub Date : 2002-03-01 DOI: 10.15288/JSAS.2002.S14.71

L. Spear

{"title":"The adolescent brain and the college drinker: biological basis of propensity to use and misuse alcohol.","authors":"L. Spear","doi":"10.15288/JSAS.2002.S14.71","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15288/JSAS.2002.S14.71","url":null,"abstract":"OBJECTIVE\u0000This article reviews the literature on adolescent brain development and considers the impact of these neural alterations on the propensity to use and misuse alcohol.\u0000\u0000\u0000METHOD\u0000Neural, behavioral and hormonal characteristics of adolescents across a variety of species were examined, along with a review of the ontogeny of ethanol responsiveness, tolerance development and stress/alcohol interactions.\u0000\u0000\u0000RESULTS\u0000The adolescent brain is a brain in transition. Prominent among the brain regions undergoing developmental change during adolescence in a variety of species are the prefrontal cortex and other forebrain dopamine projection regions, stressor-sensitive areas that form part of the neural circuitry modulating the motivational value of alcohol and other reinforcing stimuli. Along with these characteristic brain features, adolescents also exhibit increased stressor responsivity and an altered sensitivity to a variety of ethanol effects. Findings are mixed to date as to whether exposure to ethanol during this time of rapid brain development alters neurocognitive function and later propensity for problematic ethanol use.\u0000\u0000\u0000CONCLUSIONS\u0000Developmental transformations of the adolescent brain may have been evolutionarily advantageous in promoting behavioral adaptations to avoid inbreeding and to facilitate the transition to independence. These brain transformations may also alter sensitivity of adolescents to a number of alcohol effects, leading perhaps in some cases to higher intakes to attain reinforcing effects. These features of the adolescent brain may also increase the sensitivity of adolescents to stressors, further escalating their propensity to initiate alcohol use. Additional investigations are needed to resolve whether ethanol use during adolescence disrupts maturational processes in ethanol-sensitive brain regions.","PeriodicalId":17056,"journal":{"name":"Journal of studies on alcohol. Supplement","volume":"49 1","pages":"71-81"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73536001","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 209

The role of mass media campaigns in reducing high-risk drinking among college students. 大众传媒运动在减少大学生高危饮酒中的作用。

Journal of studies on alcohol. Supplement Pub Date : 2002-03-01 DOI: 10.15288/JSAS.2002.S14.182

W. DeJong

{"title":"The role of mass media campaigns in reducing high-risk drinking among college students.","authors":"W. DeJong","doi":"10.15288/JSAS.2002.S14.182","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15288/JSAS.2002.S14.182","url":null,"abstract":"OBJECTIVE\u0000This article categorizes and describes current media campaigns to reduce college student drinking, reviews key principles of campaign design and outlines recommendations for future campaigns.\u0000\u0000\u0000METHOD\u0000The article describes three types of media campaigns on student drinking: information, social norms marketing, and advocacy. Key principles of campaign design are derived from work in commercial marketing, advertising, and public relations and from evaluations of past public health campaigns.\u0000\u0000\u0000RESULTS\u0000Information campaigns on the dangers of high-risk drinking are common, but none has been rigorously evaluated. Quasi-experimental studies suggest that social norms marketing campaigns, which correct misperceptions of campus drinking norms, may be effective, but more rigorous research is needed. As of this writing, only one major media campaign has focused on policy advocacy to reduce college student drinking, but it is still being evaluated. Lessons for campaign design are organized as a series of steps for campaign development, implementation and assessment: launch a strategic planning process, select a strategic objective, select the target audience, develop a staged approach, define the key promise, avoid fear appeals, select the right message source, select a mix of media channels, maximize media exposure, conduct formative research, and conduct process and outcome evaluations.\u0000\u0000\u0000CONCLUSIONS\u0000Future campaigns should integrate information, social norms marketing, and advocacy approaches to create a climate of support for institutional, community and policy changes that will alter the environment in which students make decisions about their alcohol consumption.","PeriodicalId":17056,"journal":{"name":"Journal of studies on alcohol. Supplement","volume":"3 1","pages":"182-92"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81472862","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 102

Effects of minimum drinking age laws: review and analyses of the literature from 1960 to 2000. 最低饮酒年龄法律的影响:1960年至2000年文献回顾与分析。

Journal of studies on alcohol. Supplement Pub Date : 2002-03-01 DOI: 10.15288/JSAS.2002.S14.206

A. Wagenaar, T. Toomey

{"title":"Effects of minimum drinking age laws: review and analyses of the literature from 1960 to 2000.","authors":"A. Wagenaar, T. Toomey","doi":"10.15288/JSAS.2002.S14.206","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15288/JSAS.2002.S14.206","url":null,"abstract":"OBJECTIVE\u0000The goal of this article is to review critically the extant minimum legal drinking age (MLDA) research literature and summarize the current state of knowledge regarding the effectiveness of this policy.\u0000\u0000\u0000METHOD\u0000Comprehensive searches of four databases were conducted to identify empirical studies of the MLDA published from 1960 to 1999. Three variables were coded for each study regarding methodological quality: (1) sampling design, (2) study design and (3) presence or absence of comparison group.\u0000\u0000\u0000RESULTS\u0000We identified 241 empirical analyses of the MLDA. Fifty-six percent of the analyses met our criteria for high methodological quality. Of the 33 higher quality studies of MLDA and alcohol consumption, 11 (33%) found an inverse relationship; only 1 found the opposite. Similarly, of the 79 higher quality analyses of MLDA and traffic crashes, 46 (58%) found a higher MLDA related to decreased traffic crashes; none found the opposite. Eight of the 23 analyses of other problems found a higher MLDA associated with reduced problems; none found the opposite. Only 6 of the 64 college-specific studies (9%) were of high quality; none found a significant relationship between the MLDA and outcome measures.\u0000\u0000\u0000CONCLUSIONS\u0000The preponderance of evidence indicates there is an inverse relationship between the MLDA and two outcome measures: alcohol consumption and traffic crashes. The quality of the studies of specific populations such as college students is poor, preventing any conclusions that the effects of MLDA might differ for such special populations.","PeriodicalId":17056,"journal":{"name":"Journal of studies on alcohol. Supplement","volume":"17 1","pages":"206-25"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80050579","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 508

Epidemiology of alcohol and other drug use among American college students. 美国大学生酒精和其他药物使用的流行病学。

Journal of studies on alcohol. Supplement Pub Date : 2002-03-01 DOI: 10.15288/JSAS.2002.S14.23

P. O'Malley, L. Johnston

{"title":"Epidemiology of alcohol and other drug use among American college students.","authors":"P. O'Malley, L. Johnston","doi":"10.15288/JSAS.2002.S14.23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15288/JSAS.2002.S14.23","url":null,"abstract":"OBJECTIVE\u0000This article provides information on the extent of alcohol use and other drug use among American college students.\u0000\u0000\u0000METHOD\u0000Five different sources of data are examined for estimating recent levels of alcohol (and other drug) use among college students: Harvard School of Public Health College Alcohol Study (CAS), the Core Institute (CORE), Monitoring the Future (MTF), National College Health Risk Behavior Survey (NCHRBS) and National Household Survey on Drug Abuse (NHSDA).\u0000\u0000\u0000RESULTS\u0000Alcohol use rates are very high among college students. Approximately two of five American college students were heavy drinkers, defined as having had five or more drinks in a row in the past 2 weeks. Alcohol use is higher among male than female students. White students are highest in heavy drinking, black students are lowest and Hispanic students are intermediate. Use of alcohol--but not cigarettes, marijuana and cocaine--is higher among college students than among noncollege age-mates. Longitudinal data show that, while in high school, students who go on to attend college have lower rates of heavy drinking than do those who will not attend college. Both groups increase their heavy drinking after high school graduation, but the college students increase distinctly more and actually surpass their nonstudent age-mates. Trend data from 1980 to 1999 show some slight improvement in recent years.\u0000\u0000\u0000CONCLUSIONS\u0000Despite improvements in the past 20 years, colleges need to do more to reduce heavy alcohol use among students.","PeriodicalId":17056,"journal":{"name":"Journal of studies on alcohol. Supplement","volume":"282 2 1","pages":"23-39"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86592534","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1327

Alcohol advertising and youth. 酒类广告与年轻人。

Journal of studies on alcohol. Supplement Pub Date : 2002-03-01 DOI: 10.15288/JSAS.2002.S14.173

H. Saffer

{"title":"Alcohol advertising and youth.","authors":"H. Saffer","doi":"10.15288/JSAS.2002.S14.173","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15288/JSAS.2002.S14.173","url":null,"abstract":"OBJECTIVE\u0000The question addressed in this review is whether aggregate alcohol advertising increases alcohol consumption among college students. Both the level of alcohol-related problems on college campuses and the level of alcohol advertising are high. Some researchers have concluded that the cultural myths and symbols used in alcohol advertisements have powerful meanings for college students and affect intentions to drink. There is, however, very little empirical evidence that alcohol advertising has any effect on actual alcohol consumption.\u0000\u0000\u0000METHOD\u0000The methods used in this review include a theoretical framework for evaluating the effects of advertising. This theory suggests that the marginal effect of advertising diminishes at high levels of advertising. Many prior empirical studies measured the effect of advertising at high levels of advertising and found no effect. Those studies that measure advertising at lower, more disaggregated levels have found an effect on consumption.\u0000\u0000\u0000RESULTS\u0000The results of this review suggest that advertising does increase consumption. However, advertising cannot be reduced with limited bans, which are likely to result in substitution to other available media. Comprehensive bans on all forms of advertising and promotion can eliminate options for substitution and be potentially more effective in reducing consumption. In addition, there is an increasing body of literature that suggests that alcohol counteradvertising is effective in reducing the alcohol consumption of teenagers and young adults.\u0000\u0000\u0000CONCLUSIONS\u0000These findings indicate that increased counteradvertising, rather than new advertising bans, appears to be the better choice for public policy. It is doubtful that the comprehensive advertising bans required to reduce advertising would ever receive much public support. New limited bans on alcohol advertising might also result in less alcohol counteradvertising. An important topic for future research is to identify the counteradvertising themes that are most effective with youth.","PeriodicalId":17056,"journal":{"name":"Journal of studies on alcohol. Supplement","volume":"81 1","pages":"173-81"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84128040","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 171

Social norms and the prevention of alcohol misuse in collegiate contexts. 社会规范与大学环境中酒精滥用的预防。

Journal of studies on alcohol. Supplement Pub Date : 2002-03-01 DOI: 10.15288/JSAS.2002.S14.164

H. Perkins

{"title":"Social norms and the prevention of alcohol misuse in collegiate contexts.","authors":"H. Perkins","doi":"10.15288/JSAS.2002.S14.164","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15288/JSAS.2002.S14.164","url":null,"abstract":"OBJECTIVE\u0000This article provides a review of conceptual and empirical studies on the role of social norms in college student alcohol use and in prevention strategies to counter misuse. The normative influences of various constituencies serving as reference groups for students are examined as possible factors influencing students' drinking behavior.\u0000\u0000\u0000METHOD\u0000A review of English language studies was conducted.\u0000\u0000\u0000RESULTS\u0000Parental norms have only modest impact on students once they enter college beyond the residual effects of previously instilled drinking attitudes and religious traditions. Faculty could theoretically provide a positive influence on student drinking behavior, but there is little evidence in the literature that faculty norms and expectations about avoiding alcohol misuse are effectively communicated to students. Although the norms of resident advisers (RAs) should ideally provide a restraint on student alcohol misuse, the positive influence of RAs is limited by their negotiated compromises with students whom they oversee and by their misperceptions of student norms. Research reveals student peer norms to be the strongest influence on students' personal drinking behavior, with the more socially integrated students typically drinking most heavily. The widespread prevalence among students of dramatic misperceptions of peer norms regarding drinking attitudes and behaviors is also a consistent finding. Permissiveness and problem behaviors among peers are overestimated, even in environments where problem drinking rates are relatively high in actuality. These misperceived norms, in turn, have a significant negative effect promoting and exacerbating problem drinking.\u0000\u0000\u0000CONCLUSIONS\u0000Interventions to reduce these misperceptions have revealed a substantial positive effect in several pilot studies and campus experiments.","PeriodicalId":17056,"journal":{"name":"Journal of studies on alcohol. Supplement","volume":"17 1","pages":"164-72"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89520025","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 903