Journal of science and medicine in sport最新文献

{"title":"Water-resistant sunscreen use may increase core body temperature during prolonged exercise in the heat","authors":"Julián C. Garzón-Mosquera,&nbsp;Luis Fernando Aragón Vargas","doi":"10.1016/j.jsams.2026.04.012","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jsams.2026.04.012","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>To examine the effects of a water-resistant sunscreen on body mass loss, skin temperature (T_skin), and core temperature (T_core) during prolonged exercise in the heat.</div></div><div><h3>Design</h3><div>Randomized, crossover study under controlled conditions.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Fifteen physically active university students completed two 60-minute cycling sessions at 50% VO₂peak in a climate chamber (35.1 ± 0.1 °C dry bulb temperature and 54.7 ± 0.1% relative humidity). Participants applied a water-resistant sun protection factor 50 or no sunscreen. Core temperature was monitored continuously via an ingestible capsule; skin temperature, heart rate, and perceptions of heat and thirst were compared between the two conditions via linear mixed models. Body mass loss was calculated from pre-to-post exercise nude body mass.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>T_core was higher with sunscreen at 50 min (38.57 vs. 38.38 °C; Δ = +<!--> <!-->0.19 °C; p = 0.012) and at 60 min (38.69 vs. 38.48 °C; Δ = +<!--> <!-->0.21 ± 0.07 °C; p = 0.006). Tskin rose during exercise, reaching approximately ~<!--> <!-->35.7–35.9<!--> <!-->°C, with no difference between conditions (all p &gt; 0.15). Body mass loss did not differ between conditions (1.07 ± 0.32 vs. 1.08 ± 0.33 kg; p = 0.818). Thirst was higher with sunscreen (mean difference = 1.20 points; p = 0.017).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>During 60 min of cycling, water-resistant sunscreen slightly increased core temperature (~<!--> <!-->0.2<!--> <!-->°C) and thirst, with no changes in body mass loss or skin temperature. These findings may inform athlete guidance and heat management strategies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16992,"journal":{"name":"Journal of science and medicine in sport","volume":"29 10","pages":"Pages 1149-1156"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13241048/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147930712","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Explainable artificial intelligence models for accurate physical activity prediction using wearable device data","authors":"Byunggul Lim,&nbsp;Sang-jun Park,&nbsp;Jun-Hyun Bae,&nbsp;Gabrielli T. de Mello,&nbsp;Chad D. Rethorst","doi":"10.1016/j.jsams.2026.03.022","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jsams.2026.03.022","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>Wearable devices such as smartwatches are increasingly used for physical activity monitoring, but their proprietary algorithms often lack transparency and limit generalizability. Existing machine learning models prioritize accuracy, overlooking interpretability and real-world applicability. This study addresses these gaps by applying explainable deep learning techniques to raw sensor data from commercial devices.</div></div><div><h3>Design</h3><div>A cross-sectional secondary data analysis was conducted using publicly available datasets collected from Apple Watch and Fitbit devices.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Machine learning models (Decision Tree, Random Forest) and deep learning models (Gated Recurrent Unit, Long Short-Term Memory, Convolutional Neural Network–Long Short-Term Memory) were trained to classify physical activity intensity into sedentary, light, and vigorous levels. Model interpretability was assessed using Shapley Additive Explanations. Model performance was evaluated using accuracy, precision, recall, and F1-score.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The Convolutional Neural Network–Long Short-Term Memory model demonstrated the best overall performance, achieving F1 scores of 82.5 (Apple Watch) and 82.3 (Fitbit). Shapley Additive Explanations analysis revealed device-specific patterns: Apple Watch models placed greater emphasis on heart rate-related features, particularly in vigorous physical activity, while Fitbit models prioritized step-based metrics across physical activity intensity levels.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>The integration of deep learning models with Shapley Additive Explanations enhances both predictive accuracy and interpretability in physical activity intensity level prediction. This approach may aid future health monitoring systems and support just-in-time adaptive interventions with real-time feedback.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16992,"journal":{"name":"Journal of science and medicine in sport","volume":"29 10","pages":"Pages 1125-1130"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147717146","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multisensory assessment and machine learning for athlete classification in talent identification","authors":"Stephen MacGabhann,&nbsp;Gordon Waddington,&nbsp;Jeremy Witchalls,&nbsp;Stephen Cobley,&nbsp;Rebecca Dowse,&nbsp;Phillip Newman","doi":"10.1016/j.jsams.2026.03.011","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jsams.2026.03.011","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Talent identification in elite sport is challenged by maturation confounding and limited objective assessment tools. This preliminary study examined whether visual-vestibular-somatosensory and autonomic (VVS-A) measures distinguished podium-level from entry-level divers using machine learning.</div></div><div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>(1) Identify VVS-A features distinguishing podium-level divers from a Come and Try group using traditional statistical comparisons; (2) evaluate machine-learning models' ability to classify podium-level athletes; and (3) examine the distribution of classification probabilities using lift-curve analysis.</div></div><div><h3>Design</h3><div>Cross-sectional exploratory study with machine-learning classification.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Sixty participants from an Olympic diving talent identification programme underwent VVS-A assessment. Somatosensory function was evaluated via ankle proprioception using the AMEDA device. Visual, vestibular, and autonomic functions were assessed using the Prism-Neuro Eye system. Group differences were examined using independent-sample Student's <em>t</em>-tests. Supervised ML models were trained on selected VVS-A measures and evaluated using cross-validation and a held-out test set.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Podium-level athletes demonstrated superior ankle proprioception (Left: p &lt; 0.001, d = 1.57; Right: p &lt; 0.001, d = 1.83) and visual-vestibular smooth pursuit (p = 0.001, r = 0.51). No group differences were observed for voluntary saccades or autonomic metrics. A calibrated Ridge Logistic Regression model classified podium-level athletes with high accuracy within this sample (94.4%; AUC = 0.889).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Selected VVS-A measures were associated with differences in current performance level in Olympic diving. However, the cross-sectional design, age differences between groups, and limited sample size preclude conclusions regarding predictive validity, necessitating longitudinal sport-specific validation before informing applied practice within talent identification contexts.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16992,"journal":{"name":"Journal of science and medicine in sport","volume":"29 10","pages":"Pages 1140-1148"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147616269","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The association between sibling characteristics and young females' physical activity","authors":"Stephanie L. Duncombe,&nbsp;Michalis Stylianou,&nbsp;James Woodforde,&nbsp;Katrina M. Moss,&nbsp;Leigh R. Tooth,&nbsp;Gregore I. Mielke","doi":"10.1016/j.jsams.2026.03.023","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jsams.2026.03.023","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>This study examined the associations of sibling constellation variables (sex and relative age) with (i) the proportion of female children meeting physical activity guidelines and (ii) their context of weekend play (indoor quiet play and outdoor time).</div></div><div><h3>Design</h3><div>Observational study with cross-sectional design.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Data originated from the Mothers and their Children's Health (MatCH) study. This analysis focused on females aged 5–12 years who had 0–2 siblings (<em>n</em> = 1640). Generalised estimating equations were used to investigate associations between sibling constellation variables and physical activity outcomes, adjusted for child age and maternal education, income, and physical activity.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Overall, 558 participants (34%) met physical activity guidelines. Compared to only children, participants with younger or mixed-aged siblings had higher odds of meeting physical activity guidelines (1.63, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.04–2.55 and 1.63, 95% CI: 0.99–2.67, respectively), whilst participants with older siblings engaged in less indoor quiet play (36 min/day, 95% CI: 16–56). There were no differences in time spent outdoors. Among participants with one sibling, those with a younger male sibling had 1.68 (95% CI: 1.03–2.73) times the odds of meeting physical activity guidelines than only children.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>These findings suggest sibling composition is associated with female children's physical activity levels. Given the persistent sex differences in physical activity levels, interventions focused on ensuring that female children have diverse opportunities for active play in the home environment that engage entire families and connect them with their peers could be key to reducing disparities.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16992,"journal":{"name":"Journal of science and medicine in sport","volume":"29 10","pages":"Pages 1131-1139"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147717174","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of integrated functional training on fundamental movement skills in children aged 4 to 5 years: A 14-week randomized controlled trial.","authors":"Chunmei Zheng, Zhengda Pan, Can Zhang, Haixia Li, Nan Zeng","doi":"10.1016/j.jsams.2026.08.211","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsams.2026.08.211","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Fundamental movement skills (FMS) are foundational for lifelong physical activity and health, yet scalable, evidence-based programs remain limited. This study examined the effects of a 14-week integrated functional training (IFT) program on FMS among children aged 4-5 years.</p><p><strong>Design: </strong>Single-center, kindergarten-based, parallel-group randomized controlled trial.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Sixty preschoolers (Mage = 4.93 ± 0.52; 28 girls) were randomized in a 1:1 ratio to IFT (n = 30; 3 × 45 min/week) or school's usual physical education (n = 30; 2 × 30min/week). The Test of Gross Motor Development-2 (TGMD-2) was used to assess FMS, including TGMD-2 total score, locomotor, and object-control sub-scores.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>After 14 weeks, the IFT group improved TGMD-2 total score from 61.9 ± 6.6 to 80.3 ± 4.7, whereas the comparison group changed from 67.2 ± 6.2 to 65.6 ± 4.2. After adjustment for baseline scores, the IFT group had significantly higher post-test TGMD-2 total score than the comparison group (adjusted mean difference = 16.8; 95% CI: 14.8 to 18.8; p < 0.001). Significant baseline-adjusted group effects were also observed for locomotor scores (adjusted mean difference = 6.05; 95% CI: 3.83 to 8.27; p < .001) and object-control scores (adjusted mean difference = 11.25; 95% CI: 10.08 to 12.42; p < .001).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>A 14-week IFT program delivered 3 × 45 min/week in a kindergarten setting was associated with greater improvements in locomotor and object-control skills among preschool children than the comparison condition delivered 2 × 30 min/week. Further studies using dose-matched designs, larger samples, and longer follow-up are needed.</p>","PeriodicalId":16992,"journal":{"name":"Journal of science and medicine in sport","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2026-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148906579","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Movement differences persist beyond return to play during walking, jogging and running following sport-related concussion.","authors":"Laura A M Dunne, Michael H Cole, Stuart J Cormack, David R Howell, Daniel Chalkley, Ben Horsley, Rich D Johnston","doi":"10.1016/j.jsams.2026.08.212","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsams.2026.08.212","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>The objectives of this study were to assess changes in gait using lumbar- and thoracic-mounted inertial measurement units during walking, jogging and running tasks performed on natural grassed surfaces for up to four weeks after return to play post-concussion.</p><p><strong>Design: </strong>This study used a case-control, repeated measures design.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A total of 16 medically diagnosed sports-related concussions in 15 team sport athletes were included, with one male having two concussions (14 males (89.2 ± 13.9 kg, 21.7 ± 3.3 years) and one female (62.5 kg, 18 years)), alongside healthy age and sex matched controls (15 males (90.4 ± 12.7 kg, 26.2 ± 5 years) and one female (80 kg, 20 years)). Participants completed three × 40-m walk, jog, and run tasks under set- and self-paced conditions across four testing sessions at: return to run, return to play, and 2 and 4-weeks post return to play. Spatiotemporal gait metrics and sample entropy were quantified. Bayesian mixed-effects models were used to assess differences between groups over time.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Both sites displayed numerous differences across all gait activities, with positive to very strong evidence to suggest increased mediolateral accelerations (thoracic: BF = 51.29-8000, lumbar: BF = 882.80-8000) and poorer rhythmicity in the vertical axis, measured via sample entropy (thoracic: BF = 9.26-8000, lumbar: BF = 38.22-8000). Most gait metrics improved over time. However, vertical sample entropy displayed little to no improvement for walk and jog activities.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Lumbar- and thoracic-mounted inertial measurement units show differences in gait post-concussion which varies depending on movement velocity.</p>","PeriodicalId":16992,"journal":{"name":"Journal of science and medicine in sport","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2026-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149025358","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The evaluation of a family-based multiple health behaviour intervention targeting girls: The Beyond the 80 feasibility trial.","authors":"Aymen El Masri, Emma S George, Nicholas K West, Sarah G Kennedy, Holly Hliounakis, Catharine A K Fleming, Erin Mackenzie, Justin M Guagliano","doi":"10.1016/j.jsams.2026.08.209","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsams.2026.08.209","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To examine the feasibility and acceptability of Beyond the 80 (BT80), a family-based healthy lifestyle intervention for school-aged girls.</p><p><strong>Design: </strong>Single-arm mixed-methods feasibility trial.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>BT80 was an 8-week intervention co-delivered with a National Rugby League Women's Premiership team. Eligible families included ≥1 parent and a daughter aged 7-11 years. Families participated in weekly in-person educational and practical sessions and completed home-based challenges. Topics included physical activity (including muscle-strengthening activity), sedentary behaviour, healthy eating, communication, emotion literacy, and sleep. A priori targets were set for recruitment (20 families), attendance (70%), retention (70%), fidelity (checklist; 80%), and enjoyment (self-report; 80%). Child engagement (active/passive engagement or interfering behaviour via direct observation), compliance (photo evidence of home-based challenges completed), and acceptability (child/parent self-report and focus groups) were also assessed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Recruitment (N = 12 families) and attendance (68%) targets were not met, whilst retention (92%) met the target. Intervention fidelity was high (98% education, 100% practical), as was child active/passive engagement (90% education, 96% practical). Child and parent enjoyment was high for educational (child: 82%, parent: 99%) and practical sessions (child: 87%, parent: 98%). Families completed on average 1-2 home-based challenges, and some families found photo submission burdensome. Data collection averaged 102.1 ± 25.6 min at baseline and 69.7 ± 17.9 min at intervention end. Parents found the time and measures acceptable.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The preliminary findings for BT80 are promising, however, recruitment strategies, attendance, and home-based challenge engagement require refinement. Our findings may help to inform the development and refinement of similar family-based interventions.</p>","PeriodicalId":16992,"journal":{"name":"Journal of science and medicine in sport","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2026-08-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148945118","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Governing synthetic athlete-monitoring data for injury-risk assessment and responsible sharing: a governance framework for quality-utility-privacy trade-offs.","authors":"Xin Chen, Hai-E Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.jsams.2026.08.205","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsams.2026.08.205","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Athlete injury-risk modelling is limited by siloed monitoring data, privacy and proprietary concerns and heightened re-identification risk among publicly recognisable elite athletes. We developed and evaluated a quality-utility-privacy governance framework for assessing synthetic-data fidelity, utility, and disclosure risk before governed sharing.</p><p><strong>Design: </strong>Methodological study with an independent clinical-cohort evaluation.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We analysed 5302 athlete-monitoring session-level records and a clinical injury cohort. Synthetic risk-positive records were generated using a conditional Wasserstein generative adversarial network with gradient penalty and benchmarked against four tabular generators. Utility was assessed using logistic regression, random forest, and extreme gradient boosting under targeted augmentation and minority-class substitution. Shapley Additive exPlanations rankings assessed explainability; membership-inference and distance-based diagnostics assessed privacy. Multi-objective optimisation identified a Pareto knee point.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Augmentation improved random-forest recall but reduced F1-score and probabilistic accuracy, while logistic regression and extreme gradient boosting showed limited benefit. In the clinical cohort, augmentation affected the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve but enhanced recall for logistic regression and random forest. Feature-ranking agreement between Real-only and conditional Wasserstein generative adversarial network with gradient penalty models was moderate, while Shapley Additive exPlanations analyses revealed physiologically meaningful non-linear effects. Under the evaluated threat model, attack performance was near chance, with privacy scores of 0.96-0.98 and no widespread near-duplicate replication. The Pareto configuration balanced quality, utility, and privacy.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This framework identifies safe-and-useful augmentation zones for synthetic athlete data. The Pareto knee point may provide a default for cross-institutional sharing with pre-release privacy attack testing and near-neighbour duplication screening.</p>","PeriodicalId":16992,"journal":{"name":"Journal of science and medicine in sport","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2026-08-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148880940","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Telerobotic ultrasound assessment of acute sport-related Achilles tendon ruptures and gastrocnemius muscle tears: a clinical feasibility study.","authors":"Huanyan Liu, Minjie Zhao, Chen Luo, Jingsi Jiang, Haoyue Niu, Ligang Cui","doi":"10.1016/j.jsams.2026.08.208","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsams.2026.08.208","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To evaluate the clinical feasibility of telerobotic ultrasound for assessing acute sport-related Achilles tendon ruptures and gastrocnemius muscle tears.</p><p><strong>Design: </strong>A prospective controlled study.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Patients with suspected acute sport-related Achilles tendon rupture or gastrocnemius muscle tear and healthy volunteers were enrolled in this study. All participants underwent both conventional handheld ultrasound and telerobotic ultrasound examinations of the Achilles tendon and gastrocnemius muscle. The two examination methods were compared in terms of their scanning safety, examination duration, and image quality. Physicians and participants were also surveyed regarding their experience with the telerobotic ultrasound system.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of the 61 participants, 12 had acute sport-related injuries, and 49 were healthy controls. Both ultrasound modalities identified the same 12 positive cases. Magnetic resonance imaging served as the diagnostic reference standard. The telerobotic ultrasound took significantly longer than the handheld ultrasound (10.03 ± 2.05 min vs 4.59 ± 0.67 min; t = -19.724, p < 0.001). The inter-rater concordance rate for the image quality scores was 88.7% (κ = 0.384; 95% CI, 0.289-0.472; p < 0.001). The concordance rate between the two imaging modalities was 84.4% (κ = 0.148; 95% CI, 0.060-0.232; p < 0.001). Among the participants, 70.5% (43/61) reported high satisfaction with the telerobotic ultrasound examination. Furthermore, the tele-doctor reported a willingness to use the telerobotic ultrasound as a routine procedure in 91.8% (56/61) of the examinations.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This study preliminarily demonstrates the clinical feasibility of telerobotic ultrasound for evaluating acute sport-related Achilles tendon ruptures and gastrocnemius muscle tears.</p>","PeriodicalId":16992,"journal":{"name":"Journal of science and medicine in sport","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2026-08-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148874526","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Six weeks of isocaloric moderate- and heavy-intensity continuous training improves fitness but does not alter plasma cytokines in healthy young adults.","authors":"Seth F McCarthy, Garett S Jackson, Hashim Islam, Jonathan P Little","doi":"10.1016/j.jsams.2026.08.207","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsams.2026.08.207","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>The anti-inflammatory effects of exercise training are hypothesized to involve changes in circulating cytokine concentrations, however the influence of exercise intensity is unclear. We determined the impact of exercise intensity, prescribed relative to lactate threshold (LT), on changes in fitness and plasma cytokines in a 6-week randomized controlled trial.</p><p><strong>Design: </strong>RCT.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Healthy, young adults (N = 56, 27 males/29 females, age: 22 ± 3 y, peak oxygen consumption [VO_2peak]: 38.4 ± 9.5 mL∙kg^-1∙min^-1) were randomized (2:2:1) to 6 weeks of thrice weekly isocaloric continuous cycling in the moderate (MICT; n = 21) or heavy (HICT; n = 24) intensity domain, or no-exercise control (CTRL; n = 11). Fasting plasma interleukin (IL)-6, IL-10, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, and fitness were assessed at baseline and post-training.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>There was no impact of training or intensity (all p > 0.05) on changes in IL-6 (MICT +0.03 pg∙mL^-1 95% CI -0.08, 0.13; HICT +0.03 pg∙mL^-1 95% CI -0.08, 0.13; CTRL -0.14 pg∙mL^-1 95% CI -0.30, 0.01), IL-10 (MICT +0.05 pg∙mL^-1 95% CI -0.01, 0.11; HICT +0.02 pg∙mL^-1 95% CI -0.05, 0.08; CTRL -0.02 pg∙mL^-1 95% CI -0.11, 0.08), or TNF-α (MICT +0.12 pg∙mL^-1 95% CI -0.01, 0.26; HICT +0.07 pg∙mL^-1 95% CI -0.06, 0.21; CTRL -0.03 pg∙mL^-1 95% CI -0.22, 0.17). VO_2peak (absolute and relative) and power at LT increased with training (p < 0.002) with no significant differences between MICT and HICT (p > 0.331).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>In conclusion, 6 weeks of isocaloric, LT-prescribed training in the moderate and heavy domains improves fitness but does not appear to impact fasting plasma cytokine concentrations in healthy young adults.</p>","PeriodicalId":16992,"journal":{"name":"Journal of science and medicine in sport","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2026-08-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148874474","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}