Journal of science and medicine in sport最新文献

{"title":"Association of physical activity and sitting time trajectories with mortality risk in 9430 Australian adults with coronary heart disease","authors":"Nicole Freene ,&nbsp;Amanda Lönn ,&nbsp;Suzanne Carroll ,&nbsp;Theo Niyonsenga ,&nbsp;Adrian Bauman ,&nbsp;Robyn Gallagher ,&nbsp;Rachel Davey","doi":"10.1016/j.jsams.2025.11.014","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jsams.2025.11.014","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>To examine the dose–response relationship between moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) and sitting time trajectories with cardiac and all-cause mortality in a cohort of middle-aged and older-adults after a diagnosis of coronary heart disease (CHD).</div></div><div><h3>Design</h3><div>This prospective cohort study comprised Australian participants aged ≥<!--> <!-->45-years with CHD (2006–2020) who had self-reported MVPA (min/wk) and sitting time (hr/day) data from at least two survey waves.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>MVPA and sitting time trajectories were categorised as remaining high, decreasing, increasing, and remaining low. Cardiac and all-cause mortality were the main outcomes. Associations were explored using Cox regression models.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The cohort included 9430 participants (mean (SD) age, 70 (10) years; 3557 females (38 %)). During a median follow-up of 4.4 (IQR, 6.1) years, 540 cardiac and 2843 all-cause deaths were recorded. Compared with individuals that remained inactive, remaining active was associated with a 36 % and 49 % lower risk of cardiac and all-cause death, respectively. Decreasing or increasing MVPA over time was associated with a 20–33 % lower risk of all-cause death. Compared with high sitting time, individuals that maintained low sitting time or decreased their sitting time over time reduced the associated risk of cardiac and all-cause death by 33–38 %.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Regardless of pre-CHD diagnosis movement behaviours, individuals' post-CHD diagnosis can reduce their risk of cardiac and all-cause mortality by achieving the physical activity thresholds at any time and reducing their sitting time over-time. Further research is needed to confirm the physical activity and sitting time thresholds to receive these benefits.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16992,"journal":{"name":"Journal of science and medicine in sport","volume":"29 5","pages":"Pages 529-534"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145743112","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Is exercise intensity only a part of exercise, or all the exercise?","authors":"François-Denis Desgorces","doi":"10.1016/j.jsams.2026.02.009","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jsams.2026.02.009","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":16992,"journal":{"name":"Journal of science and medicine in sport","volume":"29 5","pages":"Page 564"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147444019","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Gaps and Opportunities in Physical Activity Research: Methodological, Practical and Policy Considerations","authors":"Jo Salmon","doi":"10.1016/j.jsams.2026.04.019","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jsams.2026.04.019","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":16992,"journal":{"name":"Journal of science and medicine in sport","volume":"29 5","pages":"Pages 443-444"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147827193","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Longitudinal associations of screen time, sleep duration, and physical activity with health and developmental outcomes of Australian children: a compositional and isotemporal analysis","authors":"Elahe Nikooharf Salehi ,&nbsp;Charlotte Brakenridge ,&nbsp;Saeed Jaydarifard ,&nbsp;Gregore Iven Mielke","doi":"10.1016/j.jsams.2025.12.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jsams.2025.12.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>To examine associations between 24-hour movement composition in primary school-aged children and later BMI, quality of life, and behavioural outcomes, and to assess the impact of reallocating time between behaviours.</div></div><div><h3>Design</h3><div>Longitudinal study.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Data from waves 3, 6, and 7 of the Longitudinal Study of Australian Children (n = 2064; 47 % girls; aged 5 to 12) were analysed. Movement behaviours (screen time, sleep, and physical activity) assessed at ages 5 and 10 were treated as exposures, and follow-up outcomes at ages 10 and 12 included BMI, health-related quality of life (PedsQL), and behavioural difficulties (SDQ). Compositional data analysis examined the longitudinal associations between movement behaviour composition and these outcomes, whilst isotemporal substitution analysis estimated the effects of reallocating 30 min between behaviours.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Compositional analysis showed that higher screen time at age 5 was associated with higher BMI, lower quality of life, and more behavioural difficulties at ages 10 and 12. In contrast, more physical activity and longer sleep at age 5 were associated with lower BMI, higher quality of life, and fewer behavioural problems later in childhood. Isotemporal substitution analysis revealed that replacing 30 min of screen time with physical activity or sleep improved outcomes: lowering BMI, enhancing quality of life, and reducing behavioural difficulties at follow-up.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Shifts in daily movement behaviour composition are associated with key health outcomes in children. These findings support the need for integrated public health strategies that reduce screen time, encourage physical activity, and promote healthy sleep to improve well-being.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16992,"journal":{"name":"Journal of science and medicine in sport","volume":"29 5","pages":"Pages 543-549"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145751777","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Maturation of the proximal patellar tendon structure in the adolescent athlete: a longitudinal study","authors":"Meaghan Harris ,&nbsp;Ebonie K. Rio ,&nbsp;Sean Docking ,&nbsp;Jill L. Cook ,&nbsp;Madeline Claire Hannington ,&nbsp;Christian Bonello ,&nbsp;Suzi Edwards","doi":"10.1016/j.jsams.2025.11.015","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jsams.2025.11.015","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>To examine changes in proximal patellar tendon structure during the adolescent growth spurt in athletes.</div></div><div><h3>Design</h3><div>Prospective observational study.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>173 adolescent athletes aged 11–15 years from specialised sporting programmes were recruited. Data collection occurred biannually for 2.5 years. Chronological age and maturity offset were calculated. Patellar tendons were scanned using ultrasound tissue characterisation, the proximal attachment was classified as having a hypoechoic area absent/present, and structure was quantified into four distinct echotypes (I–IV). Generalised additive models and generalised additive mixed modelling assessed associations between changes in echotype proportions and chronological age or maturity offset.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>147 of 173 participants had normal tendon structure (i.e., no hypoechoic area) at baseline and across the study. In these tendons, a stronger linear association with maturation offset, but not chronological age, was observed for all echotypes suggesting a subtle improvement in tendon structure (p ≤ 0.01). Nine tendons (n = 8 participants) were hypoechoic at baseline and had a significant association with maturation offset and aligned tendon structure (echotype I; p ≤ 0.01) but not for disorganised tendon structure (echotypes III, IV; p = 0.6). Another 17 tendons (n = 15 participants) developed a hypoechoic area across the study.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Proximal patellar tendon structure undergoes echotype changes during adolescence, which was linearly associated with maturity offset and not chronological age. Areas of disorganised patellar tendon structure in adolescents at baseline appeared unchanged despite continued exposure to high loads. Skeletal maturation appears a critical period in the development of a normal and abnormal, proximal patellar tendon attachment having implications for patellar tendinopathy prevention.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16992,"journal":{"name":"Journal of science and medicine in sport","volume":"29 5","pages":"Pages 512-520"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145751721","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Response to “Is exercise intensity only a part of exercise, or all the exercise?”","authors":"David J Bishop","doi":"10.1016/j.jsams.2026.02.019","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jsams.2026.02.019","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":16992,"journal":{"name":"Journal of science and medicine in sport","volume":"29 5","pages":"Page 565"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147458242","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Deriving and validating a short version of the Physical Literacy in Children Questionnaire","authors":"Johannes Carl ,&nbsp;Emiliano Mazzoli ,&nbsp;Chathurani De Silva ,&nbsp;Melinda Herfet ,&nbsp;Lauren Arundell ,&nbsp;Shannon Sahlqvist ,&nbsp;Jenny Veitch ,&nbsp;Natalie Lander ,&nbsp;Anna Timperio ,&nbsp;Lisa M. Barnett","doi":"10.1016/j.jsams.2025.11.018","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jsams.2025.11.018","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>Physical literacy encompasses individual capabilities for lifelong physical activity. The Physical Literacy in Children Questionnaire (PL-C Quest) is a 30-item pictorial tool designed to measure children's physical literacy across four domains (physical, psychological, social, cognitive). However, a shorter version may be desirable for research and practice. Therefore, the study goal was to derive a short version of the PL-C Quest.</div></div><div><h3>Design</h3><div>Observational/cross-sectional.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>The PL-C Quest was completed by children aged 8–12 years (<em>N</em> = 620) via digital tablet. To select the most indicative items, we calculated a self-developed aggregate score consisting of nine indicators: factor loading, internal consistency, item difficulty, item-total correlation, univariate and multivariate associations with proxy-reported physical activity, eligibility for boys and for girls (test fairness/subgroup validity), and cross-cultural generalisability. Items with the highest scores in each domain (points [pts]) were selected for the short version. We analysed the association between the sum scores of the short and long version.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The items ‘speed’ (22pts), ‘cardiovascular endurance’ (20pts), ‘muscular endurance’ (20pts), and ‘movement skills’ (5pts) were selected for the physical domain; ‘motivation’ (20pts), ‘engagement/enjoyment’ (19pts), and ‘confidence’ (14pts) for the psychological; ‘relationships’ (15pts) and ‘society/culture’ (14pts) for the social; ‘strategy/planning’ (20 pts), ‘tactics’ (18pts), and ‘content knowledge’ (17pts) for the cognitive domain. The domain-specific aggregate scores of the short version were strongly related to the respective scores of the long version (0.74 ≤ <em>r</em> ≤ 0.84).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>The 12 items cover diverse yet central elements of children's physical literacy and empirically informed a short version of the PL-C Quest.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16992,"journal":{"name":"Journal of science and medicine in sport","volume":"29 5","pages":"Pages 535-542"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145800535","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Lower limb muscle strength profiles and injury associations: a two-season prospective cohort study in men's professional rugby union","authors":"Kate Williams ,&nbsp;Nicol van Dyk ,&nbsp;Nick Winkelman ,&nbsp;David Opar ,&nbsp;Morgan Williams","doi":"10.1016/j.jsams.2025.10.012","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jsams.2025.10.012","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>To profile professional rugby union players using longitudinal hip, groin and hamstring strength measures and identify characteristics associated with non-contact lower limb injury and reinjury.</div></div><div><h3>Design</h3><div>Prospective cohort study.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>248 players were involved in the study. Over 24 months, injury surveillance data was collected, and a battery of strength tests were conducted at the start of each pre-season and mid-season. The strength tests included: Nordic hamstring exercise (Nordic); hip abduction and adduction at 60° (ABD60, ADD60); and 90° of hip flexion (ABD90 and ADD90).</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Strength profiles are presented. For the 55 players who featured at the first and last test of the study; Nordic, ADD90 and ABD90 increased in the forwards only (P = 0.002 to 0.01). Strength changes at the end of the study were correlated with measures obtained at the start (r = −<!--> <!-->0.38 to −<!--> <!-->0.49), and amongst the test battery measures (r = 0.42 to r = 0.68). Hamstring, and hip/groin made up 43 % of lower limb non-contact injuries. Those who sustained a hip/groin injury had greater odds (OR = 4.0, P = 0.0016) of also suffering a hamstring injury. For injured players, only ABD60 reduced post-injury (P = 0.0021). Players who reinjured were characterised by lower pre-injury ADD90; and either higher pre-injury Nordic or an ADD90 that did not improve post-index injury. Pre-season strength profiles remained unchanged for uninjured players.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Strength changes were observed overtime, and post-injury. Players who were weaker from the outset improved whilst those who were stronger struggled to maintain strength. Changes from pre-season to in-season are important since most prospective injury studies only measure strength during pre-season. Strong knee flexor strength alone may not protect from reinjury, and further investigations are required to further support the observations that adductor strength is a protective factor in lower limb non-contact reinjury in rugby union players.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16992,"journal":{"name":"Journal of science and medicine in sport","volume":"29 5","pages":"Pages 492-500"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145534459","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Shoulder HD Pilot Trial: A qualitative study of patient and therapist experience, acceptability, tolerance and perception of a high and low load-volume intervention for rotator cuff tendinopathy","authors":"Josh Naunton ,&nbsp;Stephen Barrett ,&nbsp;Dawson Kidgell ,&nbsp;Kim Bennell ,&nbsp;Terry Haines ,&nbsp;Peter Malliaras","doi":"10.1016/j.jsams.2025.10.014","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jsams.2025.10.014","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>To explore the experiences of people, specifically the acceptability and tolerances of a high and low load-volume (intensity * X sets X repetitions) exercise programme for rotator cuff tendinopathy.</div></div><div><h3>Design</h3><div>A nested qualitative study with individual in-depth semi-structured interviews.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Twelve participants (6 high load-volume, 6 low load-volume) were recruited at the conclusion of a pilot and feasibility trial comparing high and low load-volume exercise for rotator cuff tendinopathy. Analysis followed an inductive thematic approach.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Three themes were identified: (1) Intensity: influenced by belief that the treatment will or won't work; (2) adherence: progress reinforced by a positive experience; and (3) education: reassurance and clear instruction regarding pain. Participants expressed initial doubt regarding the rationale behind both the high load-volume intervention and low load-volume intervention (i.e. either too easy or too hard). However, both groups surprised themselves with the improvement they made. Acceptability and tolerance of exercise intensity, either low or high, is are largely influenced by past exercise experience, expectations, attitudes and beliefs regarding the effectiveness of the exercise programme. Findings highlight the acceptability of both approaches for most people with rotator cuff tendinopathy, after some participants were initially apprehensive. Participants expressed the value of practical, informative, condition specific knowledge; the importance of tangible progress with their exercise programme; and appreciation for a low level of burden in adhering to their exercise.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Individualisation of exercise intensity is important, yet needs to consider individual preference, response to the load stimulus and the patients baseline physical capacity.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16992,"journal":{"name":"Journal of science and medicine in sport","volume":"29 5","pages":"Pages 501-511"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145634542","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prenatal determinants of youth physical fitness: Maternal BMI before pregnancy, gestational length, physical activity, and gestational anemia. The UP&DOWN study","authors":"Carmen Padilla-Moledo ,&nbsp;Alejandro Pérez-Bey ,&nbsp;Sandra Sánchez-Parente ,&nbsp;Rocio Izquierdo-Gómez ,&nbsp;Oscar L. Veiga ,&nbsp;Jose Castro-Piñero","doi":"10.1016/j.jsams.2026.01.011","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jsams.2026.01.011","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>Our purpose is to investigate the relative weight of prenatal determinants on children's and adolescents' physical fitness outcomes at different ages.</div></div><div><h3>Design</h3><div>Cross-sectional study with retrospectively collected data.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We obtained data from 1188 children (571 girls) aged 6–11 years and 1020 adolescents (495 girls) aged 12–17 years. Maternal prenatal determinants were self-reported by mothers. The ALPHA fitness test battery for youth was used to assess offspring's physical fitness (motor fitness, cardiorespiratory fitness and muscular strength). Regression analyses were performed to examine the different physical fitness outcomes.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div><strong>Higher maternal BMI before pregnancy</strong> was positively associated with lower physical fitness levels in offspring, regardless of age and sex; offspring of mothers who were <strong>physically active before to and during pregnancy</strong> exhibited higher physical fitness levels, specifically in female adolescents (all p &lt; 0.05). The <strong>length of gestation</strong> was positively associated with physical fitness in male adolescents and <strong>absence of gestational anemia</strong> was related to higher physical fitness levels in female children (all p &lt; 0.05).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Our results show the strongest prenatal determinants of physical fitness in children and adolescents and can contribute to the development of health promotion programs that could start even before children are born.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16992,"journal":{"name":"Journal of science and medicine in sport","volume":"29 5","pages":"Pages 521-528"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146119267","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}