Journal of science and medicine in sport最新文献

{"title":"Epidemiology of craniofacial and spinal injuries in French Rugby union: A report including medical, social, and professional consequences","authors":"Marc-Antoine Démaret ,&nbsp;Christopher Carling ,&nbsp;Fabien Pillard ,&nbsp;David Brauge","doi":"10.1016/j.jsams.2024.10.007","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jsams.2024.10.007","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>First, to investigate the medico-socio-professional repercussions of non-fatal cranioencephalic and spinal injuries occurring across all levels of play in male and female Rugby Union in France. Second, to determine whether an association existed between the severity of injuries and the circumstances of their occurrence and/or the profiles of the injured players. Third, to gather new epidemiological data regarding the severity and long-term consequences of these injuries in the sport.</div></div><div><h3>Design</h3><div>National retrospective observational open cohort study conducted using medical expertise files on all injuries registered by the insurer affiliated to the French Rugby Federation.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We analysed the medical reports of spinal, craniofacial or radicular trauma occurred from 26/08/2011 to 31/01/2018. Data relating to the severity and the circumstances of the injury, and its medical and socio-professional consequences (e.g., ability of players to continue playing rugby and/or professional/scholastic activity, receiving or not financial compensation) were extracted.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>199 cases were identified. The overall incidence rate of injuries was 10.57/100,000 person-years. The median PMI value after consolidation was 6 %. Five cases had a PMI value equivalent or higher than 50 %. 85 % of players were able to return to work/studies whilst 47 % returned to rugby overall. Injury severity did not differ between age groups, genders, performance levels, training/match-play or according to the game situation.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Although rare, craniofacial and spinal injuries in rugby can leave sequelae with substantial repercussions on personal, professional/scholastic and sporting life. Further research into their potential causes and targeted prevention strategies is warranted.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16992,"journal":{"name":"Journal of science and medicine in sport","volume":"28 3","pages":"Pages 228-234"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142639306","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Test–retest reliability of strength, power, agility, and sprint performance in female team handball players","authors":"John O. Osborne ,&nbsp;Ingrid Kildalsen ,&nbsp;Sigurd Pedersen ,&nbsp;Svein Arne Pettersen ,&nbsp;Boye Welde ,&nbsp;Clare L. Minahan ,&nbsp;Erik P. Andersson","doi":"10.1016/j.jsams.2024.11.008","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jsams.2024.11.008","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>This study assessed the test–retest reliability of athletic performance tests in a cohort of trained Norwegian female handball players, as well as a sub-analysis of the test–retest reliability for naturally menstruating players.</div></div><div><h3>Design</h3><div>Eighteen handball players (naturally menstruating: n = 8) completed performance test batteries on three separate occasions.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>The performance test battery included: a 1-repetition Smith machine back squat, maximal handgrip strength tests, counter-movement jumps, squat jumps, a modified agility T-test, and 15-m linear sprints. For the naturally menstruating players, the testing sessions were completed at three hormonally-distinct points within a menstrual cycle (i.e., early follicular, ovulation, and mid-luteal phases). Reliability statistics (intraclass correlations, standard error of measurement, minimum difference, and coefficient of variation) were calculated for each performance test.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Good-to-excellent test–retest reliability was found for all performance measures (intraclass correlation_2,1 point estimates = 0.82 to 0.94), although max squat jumps were somewhat lower (intraclass correlation_2,1 = 0.75 [95 % confidence interval = 0.55, 0.88]). Subgroup analysis for naturally menstruating players also revealed consistently high reliability values for all tests (intraclass correlation_2,1 point estimate = 0.83 to 0.74).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>These reliability data support the periodic use of selected athletic tests in routine handball assessments, in order to identify changes in sporting performance and monitor player progress. As test reliability does not appear to be influenced by the menstrual cycle phase, coaches and sports practitioners may schedule testing sessions for all athletes, without concern of a confounding effect from menstrual phases.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16992,"journal":{"name":"Journal of science and medicine in sport","volume":"28 3","pages":"Pages 249-255"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142792039","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A tackler correctly adhering to the tackle instruction in a front-on, one-on-one torso tackle alters the peak inertial head kinematics of the ball carrier but not the tackler","authors":"Suzi Edwards ,&nbsp;Andrew J. Gardner ,&nbsp;Timana Tahu ,&nbsp;Kenneth L. Quarrie ,&nbsp;Gordon W. Fuller ,&nbsp;Gary Strangman ,&nbsp;Grant L. Iverson ,&nbsp;Ross Tucker","doi":"10.1016/j.jsams.2024.11.006","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jsams.2024.11.006","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>To evaluate if the tackler correctly adhering, or not, to four different instructions of legal front-on one-on-one torso tackles altered the tackler and/or ball carrier peak inertial head kinematics.</div></div><div><h3>Design</h3><div>Controlled laboratory study.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Fifteen rugby-code players measured with three-dimensional optoelectronic motion capture performed two tackle instructions from the Australian National Rugby League coaching manual on under (<em>Dominant National Rugby League</em>) and over (<em>Smother National Rugby League</em>) the ball tackles, and two novel variants of these (under, <em>Dominant, Torso Stick</em>; over, <em>Smother, Pop, Lock</em>). A series of mixed general linear models identified if the tackler adhering (n = 455), or not (n = 139) to the tackle instructions altered peak inertial head kinematics.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The tackler's peak inertial head kinematics did not significantly change whether or not they adhered to each of the tackle instructions. When the tackler did adhere to the instructions, the ball carrier sustained a lower peak inertial head kinematics (p &lt; 0.01) in the <em>Smother National Rugby League</em> tackle but higher peak inertial head kinematics in the <em>Smother, Pop, Lock</em>.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>The ball carriers' inertial head kinematics but not the tacklers were increased when the tackler adhered to this study's variants of the over and under the ball tackle instructions, suggesting that the tacklers were more effective in their tackle performance than the traditional tackle instructions when adhering to the tackle instruction. Greater adherence to the under the ball instructions suggests that the over the ball instruction is a more challenging technique to learn.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16992,"journal":{"name":"Journal of science and medicine in sport","volume":"28 3","pages":"Pages 242-248"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142872408","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Physical activity trajectories and their determinants in older adults with subjective cognitive decline: Results from a national cohort study","authors":"Yiping Chen ,&nbsp;Wei Li ,&nbsp;Huifeng Wang ,&nbsp;Hui Yang","doi":"10.1016/j.jsams.2024.11.011","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jsams.2024.11.011","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>This study aims to investigate the trajectories of physical activity among older adults with subjective cognitive decline and explore the determinants influencing these trajectories within a national cohort.</div></div><div><h3>Design</h3><div>Cohort study.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We used data from a national cohort called the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study and included 1063 participants. The short international physical activity questionnaire was used to measure the moderate-to-vigorous physical activity, and group-based trajectory modeling was applied to explore the moderate-to-vigorous physical activity trajectories. The predictors were selected based on the social–ecological model. Multinomial logistic regression was conducted to identify the predictors of physical activity trajectories.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Our findings reveal three trajectories of physical activity among older adults with subjective cognitive decline: the rapid decline group (10.35 %), stable inactive group (80.62 %), and rapid growth group (9.03 %). Several determinants emerged as significant predictors influencing these trajectories, including age, smoking status, body mass index, number of comorbidities, mobility activities of daily life, marital status, family size, frequency of social activities, and residence.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Our study highlights the predominance of the stable inactive group among older adults with subjective cognitive decline, emphasizing the need for targeted interventions. Addressing some modified determinants, such as smoking status, body mass index, number of comorbidities, mobility activities of daily life, family size, frequency of social activities, and residence is crucial for promoting physical activity in this population.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16992,"journal":{"name":"Journal of science and medicine in sport","volume":"28 3","pages":"Pages 235-241"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142813559","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mental disorders in athletes — A proper diagnostic pathway is important but no need to reinvent the wheel","authors":"Carolina Lundqvist ,&nbsp;Tim Meyer","doi":"10.1016/j.jsams.2025.02.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jsams.2025.02.004","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":16992,"journal":{"name":"Journal of science and medicine in sport","volume":"28 3","pages":"Pages 167-169"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143468577","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring athlete pain assessment experiences and priorities; a two-part qualitative series of athlete and physiotherapist interactions. Part Two. “Forging our future” - Athlete and physiotherapists' priorities for pain assessment and beyond","authors":"Ciarán Purcell ,&nbsp;Caoimhe Barry Walsh ,&nbsp;Garett Van Oirschot ,&nbsp;Brona M. Fullen ,&nbsp;Tomás Ward ,&nbsp;Brian M. Caulfield","doi":"10.1016/j.jsams.2024.10.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jsams.2024.10.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>To explore the priorities and directions of athlete upper and lower limb pain assessment by facilitating shared understandings of athletes and sport physiotherapists.</div></div><div><h3>Design</h3><div>Qualitative research using a hermeneutic phenomenological approach.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We carried out focus groups comprising a deliberate criterion sample using a constructivist perspective. At the end of each focus group, we used the nominal group technique method to generate a list of consensus-based priorities for future pain assessment. Our paper follows the consolidated criteria for reporting qualitative research (COREQ) guidelines.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>We completed five focus groups, comprising twelve athletes (female, n = 5, male, n = 7) and four sport physiotherapists (male, n = 4). Two final themes (and six subthemes) were developed; I Enhanced Communication and Pain Descriptions (describing and representing pain, better communication, the role of technology, providing direction and setting the pace), and II Integrating Sport Specific and Multidimensional Assessments (broadening the pain assessment toolkit, the role of technology). We developed a set of thirteen practical priorities for pain assessment that span the subjective, objective, and general aspects of the athlete pain assessment.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>We have presented stakeholder-generated perspectives, direction and priorities for athlete pain assessment. Athletes and physiotherapists must continue to work together to achieve a comprehensive sport-specific multidimensional pain assessment experience alongside their wider support networks to ensure optimal representation and communication. We have highlighted some available pain assessment tools and strategies and outlined how novel tools may address certain gaps. Researchers, clinicians, and athletes can consider the practical guidance we have provided to address these priorities.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16992,"journal":{"name":"Journal of science and medicine in sport","volume":"28 3","pages":"Pages 170-178"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142564249","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Acute acetaminophen ingestion improves the recovery of neuromuscular fatigue following simulated soccer match-play","authors":"Mustapha Bouchiba ,&nbsp;Mouna Turki ,&nbsp;Slim Zarzissi ,&nbsp;Firas Zghal ,&nbsp;Omar Trabelsi ,&nbsp;Haithem Rebai ,&nbsp;Mohamed Amine Bouzid","doi":"10.1016/j.jsams.2024.11.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jsams.2024.11.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>This study aimed to investigate the impact of acute acetaminophen ingestion on the responses of neuromuscular function, biomarkers of muscle damage, and physical performance during the 72-hour recovery period following simulated soccer match-play.</div></div><div><h3>Design</h3><div>The study followed a crossover randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial design.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>During the two experimental sessions, thirteen semi-professional male soccer players completed a 90-minute simulated soccer match, 60 min after oral ingestion of 1 g acetaminophen or placebo. Maximal voluntary contraction and twitch responses of the knee extensor muscles, elicited through electrical femoral nerve stimulation, were utilized to evaluate both peripheral fatigue (potentiated twitch force, Q_tw,pot) and central fatigue (voluntary activation). Performance was assessed through countermovement jump and 20 m sprint tests. Creatine kinase and lactate dehydrogenase were also measured.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Smaller reductions were observed in maximal voluntary contraction (−<!--> <!-->13.3 ± 7.5 % vs. −<!--> <!-->24.7 ± 11.1 %) and voluntary activation (−<!--> <!-->3.8 ± 4.4 % vs. −<!--> <!-->12.9 ± 5.4 %) in the acetaminophen compared to the placebo condition immediately after simulated soccer match-play (<em>p</em> &lt; 0.05). Afterward, these parameters were recovered 24 h earlier in the acetaminophen session compared to the placebo session. Furthermore, the 20 m sprint performance was significantly better throughout the recovery period in the acetaminophen session compared to the placebo session.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>The findings of this study showed that acute ingestion of 1 g of acetaminophen (1 h before exercise) attenuated the decrease in maximal voluntary contraction and voluntary activation levels after exercise, as well as improved 20 m sprint performance.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16992,"journal":{"name":"Journal of science and medicine in sport","volume":"28 3","pages":"Pages 189-197"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142687263","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Movement boosts memory: Investigating the effects of acute exercise on episodic long-term memory","authors":"Noriteru Morita ,&nbsp;Toru Ishihara ,&nbsp;Charles H. Hillman ,&nbsp;Keita Kamijo","doi":"10.1016/j.jsams.2024.10.011","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jsams.2024.10.011","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Long-term memory is important for cognitive health across the lifespan. Previously research has indicated that a bout of exercise improves memory retention for approximately one week; however, its prolonged effects are unknown. This study investigated the effects of acute moderate-intensity exercise on long-term memory for 11 months. Participants engaged in the exercise intervention and seated rest control condition, followed by a word encoding memory task. Word retention in the exercise intervention was better than in the control condition at 6- and 8-weeks post-encoding. These findings suggest that exercise before encoding enhances long-term episodic memory recall for at least eight weeks.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16992,"journal":{"name":"Journal of science and medicine in sport","volume":"28 3","pages":"Pages 256-259"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142687266","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring athlete pain assessment experiences and priorities; a two-part qualitative series of athlete and physiotherapist interactions. Part One. “Gauging and discerning” — Athlete & physiotherapist pain assessment experiences and interactions","authors":"Ciarán Purcell ,&nbsp;Caoimhe Barry Walsh ,&nbsp;Garett Van Oirschot ,&nbsp;Brona M. Fullen ,&nbsp;Tomás Ward ,&nbsp;Brian M. Caulfield","doi":"10.1016/j.jsams.2024.10.005","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jsams.2024.10.005","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>To explore the content (subjective questions, objective tools and outcome measures) and discuss the nature (qualitative elements and wider considerations) of the athlete pain assessment by facilitating shared understandings of athletes and sports physiotherapists.</div></div><div><h3>Design</h3><div>Qualitative research using a hermeneutic phenomenological approach.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We carried out focus groups comprising a deliberate criterion sample using a constructivist perspective. We developed a topic guide and used reflexive thematic analysis. We developed codes, candidate themes and finalised themes iteratively, and employed a critical friend to add depth to our analysis. Our paper follows the consolidated criteria for reporting qualitative research guidelines.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>We completed five focus groups comprising twelve athletes (five female, seven male) and four sports physiotherapists (four male). Three final themes (and eight subthemes) were created; (i) Measures, Scales and Dimensions (value and limitations of tools and scales, multidimensional methods, making sense and interpreting), (ii) Connect, Listen and Learn (the pain interview and athlete's story, forging the athlete–clinician connection), and (iii) Lighthouse in the Storm: providing direction for athletes in pain (information overload and indecision, a beacon of direction; the role of the physiotherapist, the burden of expectation; challenges for physiotherapists).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>We described and explored the phenomenon of pain assessment in sport including current pain assessment strategies. Comprehensive multidimensional assessment methods that preserve the athlete–clinician therapeutic relationship and facilitate optimal communication are priorities for future research and practice.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16992,"journal":{"name":"Journal of science and medicine in sport","volume":"28 3","pages":"Pages 179-188"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142622700","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"‘Mind your head’, tackle characteristics associated with concussions in rugby league: A case-control study","authors":"Cameron Owen ,&nbsp;Andrew Gardner ,&nbsp;Kevin Till ,&nbsp;James Brown ,&nbsp;Matt Cross ,&nbsp;Sharief Hendricks ,&nbsp;Rich D. Johnston ,&nbsp;Gemma Phillips ,&nbsp;Keith Stokes ,&nbsp;Ross Tucker ,&nbsp;Ben Jones","doi":"10.1016/j.jsams.2024.10.006","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jsams.2024.10.006","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>Identify tackle characteristics associated with concussions in male professional rugby league.</div></div><div><h3>Design</h3><div>Case-control study.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Tackles resulting in 196 clinically diagnosed concussions and 6592 non-concussive tackles were analysed, from the men's rugby league Super League between 2018 and 2022. Eleven tackle characteristics were coded for each tackle, and Firth penalised logistic regression models were employed to identify influential variables through forward stepwise selection. Three multivariate models were produced; all (i.e., ball-carrier and tackler), tackler, and ball-carrier concussions.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Of the 196 concussions, 70 % occurred to the tackler and 30 % to the ball-carrier. Initial impact location on the ball-carrier was identified as a predictor in all models, specifically the shorts, upper- and lower-leg (OR 9.1–12.3, compared to shoulder) for tacklers and head/neck (OR 66.1, compared to shoulder) for ball-carriers. Tackler head placement in front of the ball-carrier (OR 8.5, compared to away from the body) and a ball-carrier leading arm in any position (OR 4.8–22.1, compared to no leading arm) provided the greatest odds of a tackler concussion. For player's body position the greatest risk of concussion for all players was observed when both players were falling/diving (OR 8.8, compared to both players upright). One (OR 4.9, compared to two) and four (OR 3.7, compared to two) defender tackles provide the greatest odds for all concussions.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Concussion prevention strategies should aim to reduce head impacts by deterring initial contact with the ball-carrier's head/neck. Tackle technique should prioritise making initial impact with the torso and avoid the head being in front of the ball-carrier and any leading arms.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16992,"journal":{"name":"Journal of science and medicine in sport","volume":"28 3","pages":"Pages 214-221"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142622704","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}