Journal of science and medicine in sport最新文献

{"title":"\"The only way you're ever going to play sport again is if you go through surgery\": A mixed methods study exploring anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury treatment decisions from the perspective of 734 patients.","authors":"Stephanie R Filbay, Jane Rooney, Tammy Hoffmann, Zobaida Edib, Pek Ling Teo, Rana S Hinman, Kim L Bennell","doi":"10.1016/j.jsams.2025.05.010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsams.2025.05.010","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>In patients with anterior cruciate ligament injury, i) describe beliefs about treatment options and the information received from clinicians in different disciplines and ii) explore treatment decision-making experiences, including factors that influenced their treatment decisions.</p><p><strong>Design: </strong>Mixed-methods convergent parallel design, using an Australia-wide survey of 734 adults with anterior cruciate ligament injury, and 12 semi-structured interviews.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Survey responses were reported descriptively. A phenomenological approach and inductive thematic analysis were used for qualitative analysis. Quantitative and qualitative data were analysed concurrently. An integration stage involved comparison and collation of findings.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of 734 participants (70 % women), 540 (74 %) had anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction and 119 (16 %) were managed with rehabilitation alone. Participants consulted surgeons (94 %), physiotherapists (91 %), general practitioners (65 %), emergency department clinicians (22 %) and sports physicians (19 %). Most clinicians presented anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction as the best treatment [surgeons (85 %), physiotherapists (61 %)], and the best treatment to enable return to sport [surgeons (84 %), physiotherapists (62 %)]. Few clinicians informed patients that outcomes were similar on average between treatment strategies [surgeons (10 %), physiotherapists (29 %)]. Qualitative themes describe decision-making experiences: i) surgeons promoted surgery as the best/only option; ii) surgeon consults were rushed and patients felt poorly informed; iii) clinicians downplayed surgery risks and impacts; iv) general practitioners were utilised for referrals, not management advice; and v) mixed advice from physiotherapists. Quantitative and qualitative findings were closely aligned, with qualitative findings providing deeper insights into patients' treatment decision-making experience.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Australians with anterior cruciate ligament rupture received mixed treatment advice from clinicians, who often portrayed surgery as the best treatment option. Some patients received an unbalanced overview of treatment options that did not reflect the best-available research evidence, inhibiting an informed treatment decision.</p>","PeriodicalId":16992,"journal":{"name":"Journal of science and medicine in sport","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144216207","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Special Issue: Concussion and Head Impacts in Football (Call for Papers)","authors":"Tim Meyer","doi":"10.1016/j.jsams.2025.05.005","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jsams.2025.05.005","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":16992,"journal":{"name":"Journal of science and medicine in sport","volume":"28 6","pages":"Pages 435-436"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144090566","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Variants within the MMP3 and COL5A1 genes associate with soft tissue injury history in elite male rugby athletes.","authors":"Jon Brazier, Mark R Antrobus, Peter C Callus, Adam J Herbert, Georgina K Stebbings, Daniel Martin, Stephen H Day, Liam P Kilduff, Mark A Bennett, Robert M Erskine, Stuart M Raleigh, Tom Cullen, Malcolm Collins, Yannis P Pitsiladis, Shane M Heffernan, Alun G Williams","doi":"10.1016/j.jsams.2025.05.007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsams.2025.05.007","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To investigate associations between genetic variants within COLGALT1, COL1A1, COL3A1, COL5A1, KDR, MIR608, MMP3, NID1, TIMP2 and VEGFA and injury history in elite male rugby athletes.</p><p><strong>Design: </strong>A case-control genetic association study was conducted on 184 elite male rugby athletes.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Participants were genotyped for 13 genetic polymorphisms previously associated with soft tissue injury using standard PCR assays. Injury data were collected via a self-reported injury-history questionnaire. Single-locus association and Total Genotype Score (TGS) analyses were conducted using χ² tests. In addition, multifactor dimensionality reduction and inferred haplotype analysis were used to identify genetic interactions.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The TT genotype of MMP3 rs679620 was underrepresented in the non-injured ligament group compared to the ligament sprain and ligament rupture groups (10 %, 32 %, 25 %; P < 0.04, respectively). The T allele of MMP3 rs679620 was overrepresented in the non-injured tendon group compared to the tendinopathy group (50 %, 38 %; P < 0.02). The proportion of C allele carriers of COL5A1 rs12722 was higher in the tendon rupture group than the non-injured tendon group (96 %, 75 %; P < 0.02). Furthermore, the T-C inferred haplotype frequency of COL5A1 rs12722 and COL5A1 rs3196378 was higher in the tendon rupture, ligament sprain and total injured athlete groups compared to their respective non-injured groups (P < 0.02).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This study is the first to identify associations between MMP3 rs679620 and COL5A1 rs12722 and soft-tissue injury history in elite male rugby athletes. These findings support the growing evidence that soft-tissue injury could be influenced by an athlete's genetic predisposition.</p>","PeriodicalId":16992,"journal":{"name":"Journal of science and medicine in sport","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144225706","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Associations between the timing of device-measured physical activity and health-related physical fitness in children and adolescents.","authors":"Natã Stavinski, João P Magalhães, Gil B Rosa, Inês R Correia, Megan Hetherington-Rauth, Pedro F Saint-Maurice, Estela C Oliveira, Edilson S Cyrino, Luís B Sardinha","doi":"10.1016/j.jsams.2025.05.004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsams.2025.05.004","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Investigate the associations between the timing of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity and health-related physical fitness in children and adolescents.</p><p><strong>Design: </strong>Cross-sectional study.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This is a secondary analysis of data from a surveillance of Portuguese children and adolescents' physical fitness and physical activity. Moderate-to-vigorous physical activity was determined using accelerometry whereas physical fitness was determined using the FITESCOLA® battery test, the handgrip strength test, and the body mass index. Moderate-to-vigorous physical activity was defined per morning, afternoon, and total moderate-to-vigorous physical activity.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 2641 participants (54.9 % girls) accumulated 37.7 ± 24.2 min·day^-1 of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity. Afternoon moderate-to-vigorous physical activity was associated with 20 m shuttle run, standing long jump, push-ups and curl-ups, while morning moderate-to-vigorous physical activity was associated with standing long jump and inversely associated with speed 40 m. Compared to morning and afternoon moderate-to-vigorous physical activity, total moderate-to-vigorous physical activity was more consistently associated with most physical fitness tests (20 m shuttle run, standing long jump, push-ups, curl-ups, speed 20 m, and speed 40 m). The body mass index was only inversely associated with morning moderate-to-vigorous physical activity.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The associations between moderate-to-vigorous physical activity and health-related physical fitness seemed to be related to total moderate-to-vigorous physical activity accumulated throughout the day rather than the timing of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity. The morning moderate-to-vigorous physical activity was inversely associated with the body mass index, suggesting that time-of-day moderate-to-vigorous physical activity may play a role in body composition.</p>","PeriodicalId":16992,"journal":{"name":"Journal of science and medicine in sport","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144248470","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ischemic preconditioning delayed neuromuscular fatigue development during a simulated soccer match.","authors":"Wael Daab, Mohamed Amine Bouzid, Firas Zghal, Marie Gernigon, Haithem Rebai, Abd-Elbasset Abaïdia, George P Nassis","doi":"10.1016/j.jsams.2025.05.002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsams.2025.05.002","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>This study investigated the effect of ischemic preconditioning on neuromuscular fatigue etiology and physical performance during simulated soccer match play.</p><p><strong>Design: </strong>The study followed a crossover randomized, placebo-controlled trial design.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Fourteen semi-professional players completed the Loughborough Intermittent Shuttle Test preceded by either three 5 min periods of bilateral cuff inflation to 220 mm Hg (ischemic preconditioning) or to 20 mm Hg (placebo), interspersed with 5-min periods of reperfusion. Neuromuscular function, including maximal voluntary contraction, potentiated twitch, and voluntary activation, was assessed at baseline, halftime, and full time. Sprint performance, perceived exertion, and muscle soreness were evaluated through the Loughborough Intermittent Shuttle Test protocol.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Ischemic preconditioning significantly attenuated the decline in maximal voluntary contraction at halftime (p < 0.01, d = 0.7) and full time (p < 0.01, d = 1.3) compared to placebo. Voluntary activation was better maintained with ischemic preconditioning at halftime (-8 % in placebo vs -4 % in ischemic preconditioning, p < 0.01, d = 1.4) and full time (-11 % in placebo vs -6 % in ischemic preconditioning, p < 0.01, d = 1.6). Sprint performance was significantly preserved in ischemic preconditioning during the third (p = 0.01, d = 0.55) and sixth sets (p < 0.01, d = 1.03). Likewise, ischemic preconditioning reduced muscle soreness scores at full time (p < 0.01, d = 1.4) compared to placebo.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>These findings suggest that ischemic preconditioning effectively attenuated neuromuscular fatigue development, likely via central factors, and preserved high-intensity performance during a simulated soccer match play.</p>","PeriodicalId":16992,"journal":{"name":"Journal of science and medicine in sport","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144119920","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pre-cooling alters pacing profiles resulting in no additional benefit to 20-km self-paced maximal cycling time-trial performance in heat acclimated endurance athletes.","authors":"Julian A P Ramos, Kagan J Ducker, Hugh Riddell, Olivier Girard, Grant Landers, Carly J Brade","doi":"10.1016/j.jsams.2025.05.003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsams.2025.05.003","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To examine the effect of pre-cooling (PreC) on cycling time-trial (CTT) performance in heat, before and after heat acclimation (HA).</p><p><strong>Design: </strong>Randomised crossover.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Ten trained/highly trained male cyclists and/or triathletes completed two 20-km CTT before (PreHA) HA training sessions (10 × 60 min intermittent-heat exposure protocol in 36 °C, 50-80 % relative humidity), and after (PostHA). No cooling (CON) or crushed-ice was ingested (i.e., PreC) 30 min prior to the CTTs. The first and final HA training sessions were matched and acted as heat stress tests for comparison.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>No meaningful direct relations were observed for 20-km CTT completion time between PostHA+PreC (2663 ± 307 s) and PostHA-CON (2671 ± 370 s; b = 37.81 [-109.98, 170.56]). Split times were faster in the first 12.5 km of the CTT in PostHA+PreC but slower across the rest of the CTT compared to PostHA-CON (b = -1.224 [-2.196, -0.157]). Core temperature was lower in PostHA-CON compared to PostHA+PreC (b = -0.02 [-0.04, -0.01]). No difference was observed for mean skin temperature (b = -0.16 [-0.27, -0.05]) and thermal sensation (b = -0.047 [-0.091, -0.003]) during the CTT.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Insufficient evidence exists to support a meaningful performance improvement in 20-km CTT in hot-humid conditions when PreC was applied to individuals who completed an HA regime. This may be attributed to the limited effect of PreC on thermal perception, potentially leading to decreased exercise intensity in the latter stages of the CTT as a strategy to mitigate heat gain. Additionally, sub-optimal pacing strategies resulting from PreC on individuals may explain the lack of additional benefit to performance.</p>","PeriodicalId":16992,"journal":{"name":"Journal of science and medicine in sport","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144111013","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Accelerometer-assessed physical activity levels 32-37 years after anterior cruciate ligament rupture - Does initial treatment strategy or the presence of osteoarthritis matter?","authors":"Stephanie Filbay, Sofi Sonesson, Roman Peter Kuster, Wilhelmus Johannes Andreas Grooten, Joanna Kvist","doi":"10.1016/j.jsams.2025.05.001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsams.2025.05.001","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To quantify physical activity 32-37 years after acute anterior cruciate ligament injury with respect to the World Health Organization physical activity recommendation, and to compare physical activity levels between: i) individuals managed with anterior cruciate ligament surgery and rehabilitation vs. rehabilitation alone, and ii) individuals with and without symptomatic osteoarthritis.</p><p><strong>Design: </strong>Prospective longitudinal cohort.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Participants (n = 234) within 14 days of anterior cruciate ligament rupture (confirmed arthroscopically) were allocated to early anterior cruciate ligament repair and rehabilitation or rehabilitation alone. Thirty-two to 37 years after anterior cruciate ligament injury, 80 participants provided valid accelerometer data assessing physical activity and underwent an x-ray to assess osteoarthritis. Symptomatic osteoarthritis was defined as radiographic osteoarthritis plus knee pain and/or symptoms. Differences in physical activity parameters between treatment and osteoarthritis groups were assessed with analysis of covariance, adjusted for potential confounding.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Tibiofemoral symptomatic osteoarthritis was observed in 35 (47 %) participants (anterior cruciate ligament surgery 44 %; rehabilitation-alone 50 %). Participants spent a mean of 37.1 (95 % confidence interval 31.6-42.6) min/day in moderate to vigorous physical activity. Recommended levels of physical activity (≥150 min/week of moderate to vigorous physical activity) were reached by 66 % of participants with tibiofemoral symptomatic osteoarthritis [mean (95 % confidence interval): 35.4 (26.2-44.7) min/day of moderate to vigorous physical activity] and 77 % without tibiofemoral symptomatic osteoarthritis [39.1 (31.5-46.8) min/day moderate to vigorous physical activity]. Adjusted analyses found no differences in physical activity parameters between treatment groups or between participants with or without tibiofemoral symptomatic osteoarthritis.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>More than 30 years after anterior cruciate ligament injury, over two-thirds of participants reached recommended levels of physical activity. Physical activity levels did not differ based on the initial treatment strategy or presence of tibiofemoral symptomatic osteoarthritis.</p>","PeriodicalId":16992,"journal":{"name":"Journal of science and medicine in sport","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144127898","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Anaerobic speed reserve and acute responses to a short-format high-intensity interval session in runners","authors":"Maximiliane Thron ,&nbsp;Ludwig Ruf ,&nbsp;Martin Buchheit ,&nbsp;Sascha Härtel ,&nbsp;Alexander Woll ,&nbsp;Stefan Altmann","doi":"10.1016/j.jsams.2024.12.012","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jsams.2024.12.012","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>This study aimed to assess relationships of acute responses to short-format high-intensity interval training (HIIT) with the anaerobic speed reserve (ASR) of adolescent runners.</div></div><div><h3>Design</h3><div>Pre-post intervention design.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Eighteen highly-trained youth runners (15.83 ± 0.86 years) underwent maximal sprinting speed (MSS) and maximal aerobic speed (MAS) assessments to determine ASR (MSS minus MAS) and a standardized HIIT protocol (2 × (20 × 15 s/15 s @110 % MAS)) was administered. Pre/post-HIIT assessments included biochemical (i.e., creatine kinase (CK)), neuromuscular (countermovement jump, CMJ; reactive strength index, RSI), cardiac (i.e., heart rate recovery (HRR)), and athlete-reported outcome measures (e.g., single item for fatigue). Pearson's r was calculated to assess relationships between acute responses and ASR, MSS, MAS, and relative intensity of the HIIT (%ASR).</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Athletes' ASR and %ASR were significantly associated with the pre/post difference of CK (r = −<!--> <!-->0.75; p &lt; 0.001; r = 0.74; p &lt; 0.001, respectively), CMJ height, and RSI (r ≥ 0.69; p ≤ 0.002; r ≤ −<!--> <!-->0.49; p ≤ 0.04, respectively). However, HRR did not correlate significantly with ASR or %ASR (r ≤ 0.37, p ≥ 0.131, r ≥ −<!--> <!-->0.31; p ≥ 0.22, respectively). The pre/post difference of RSI correlated with MAS (r = −<!--> <!-->0.54; p = 0.02), and the pre/post difference of CK (r = −<!--> <!-->0.50; p = 0.034) and of CMJ height (r = 0.76; p &lt; 0.001) with MSS. Regarding athlete-reported measures, ASR and %ASR showed significant associations with most fatigue and recovery variables (r ≥ 0.57; p ≤ 0.014, r ≥ 0.57; p ≤ 0.013, respectively). The pre/post difference of the single item for fatigue showed a positive relationship with MSS (r = 0.49; p = 0.037).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Acute biochemical, neuromuscular, and athlete-reported responses to short-format HIIT showed strong relationships with ASR and MSS, indicating higher internal load in athletes with a lower ASR and MSS by using a higher %ASR, compared to athletes with a higher ASR and MSS. These findings can help to tailor training programs to individual needs and avoid possible overload.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16992,"journal":{"name":"Journal of science and medicine in sport","volume":"28 5","pages":"Pages 408-417"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142932088","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The effect of training distribution, duration, and volume on VO2max and performance in trained cyclists: A systematic review, multilevel meta-analysis, and multivariate meta-regression","authors":"Ben Cove,&nbsp;Samuel Chalmers,&nbsp;Maximillian J. Nelson,&nbsp;Mitchell Anderson,&nbsp;Hunter Bennett","doi":"10.1016/j.jsams.2024.12.005","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jsams.2024.12.005","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>This study aimed to systematically investigate whether polarized or non-polarized training leads to greater physiological and performance adaptations in cyclists.</div></div><div><h3>Design</h3><div>A systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted, focusing on interventions categorized as polarized, non-polarized, or unclear. Inclusion criteria required participants to be at least recreationally trained cyclists (VO_2max ≥ 59 ml/kg/min) and interventions lasting &gt; 4 weeks.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A multi-level random-effects meta-analysis using restricted maximum likelihood estimation was performed. A multivariate meta-regression assessed associations between training volume, VO_2max, and time-trial performance.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Forty-one studies, comprising 81 training groups and 797 participants, were included. Training significantly improved VO_2max across all groups (<em>g</em> = 0.42, 95 % confidence interval = 0.31–0.53, P ≤ 0.001) and time-trial performance (<em>g</em> = 0.39, 95 % confidence interval = 0.25–0.53, P ≤ 0.001), with no significant differences between training modalities (P &gt; 0.05). Longer intervention durations positively influenced VO_2max (<em>g</em> = 0.03, 95 % confidence interval = 0.02–0.05, P &lt; 0.001) and time-trial performance (<em>g</em> = 0.04, 95 % confidence interval = 0.03–0.06, P &lt; 0.001). No associations were found between weekly or total training volume and changes in VO_2max or time-trial performance.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Polarized and non-polarized training modalities yield comparable improvements in VO_2max and time-trial performance in trained cyclists. Beyond achieving a necessary training volume, further increases do not appear to enhance performance. These findings encourage athletes and coaches to prioritize effective training distribution rather than fixating on total volume or a specific model</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16992,"journal":{"name":"Journal of science and medicine in sport","volume":"28 5","pages":"Pages 423-434"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142950647","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Validity and reliability of the Simple Motor Competence-check for Kids (SMC-Kids)","authors":"Keisuke Komura ,&nbsp;Tomohiro Demura ,&nbsp;Yusaku Ogura ,&nbsp;Akira Kyan ,&nbsp;Ryota Nawata ,&nbsp;Kousuke Takahashi ,&nbsp;Ryo Matsuura","doi":"10.1016/j.jsams.2024.12.010","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jsams.2024.12.010","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>To examine the validity and reliability of the Simple Motor Competence-check for Kids (SMC-Kids), which was developed to assess motor development in preschool children.</div></div><div><h3>Design</h3><div>A cross-sectional and repeated-measures design.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>To assess validity, 71 children aged 4–6 years completed the Test of Gross Motor Development-3 (TGMD-3) and SMC-Kids (10 m shuttle run and paper ball throw). For inter-rater reliability, 91 children aged 3–6 years performed the SMC-Kids test, twice, by two different raters. To evaluate intra-rater reliability and quantify improvements beyond measurement error, 53 participants were reassessed by the same rater 7–10 days later.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Spearman's rho between the 10 m shuttle run and the TGMD-3 locomotor score was −<!--> <!-->0.51 (95 % CI: −<!--> <!-->0.31, −<!--> <!-->0.66), and between the paper ball throw and TGMD-3 ball skill score was 0.80 (95 % CI: 0.70, 0.87). Confirmatory factor analysis showed strong associations of the 10 m shuttle run and paper ball throw with latent variables of locomotor and object control skills, with factor loadings of −<!--> <!-->0.97 and 0.88, respectively. Both tests showed good-to-excellent inter-rater (ICC = 0.898–0.96) and intra-rater reliabilities (ICC = 0.882–0.974). The smallest worthwhile changes were 0.25 s for the 10 m shuttle run and 0.42 m for the paper ball throw, with double coefficients of variation of 0.46 s and 0.99 m, and MDC 95 of 0.82 s and 1.52 m, respectively.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>SMC-Kids is a simple tool to quickly measure preschooler locomotor and object control skills without the need for special equipment or large spaces.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16992,"journal":{"name":"Journal of science and medicine in sport","volume":"28 5","pages":"Pages 391-397"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142927295","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}