Journal of science and medicine in sport最新文献

{"title":"Investigation of exertional dyspnoea by cardiopulmonary exercise testing with continuous laryngoscopy","authors":"Melanie Wong ,&nbsp;Logan Gardner ,&nbsp;Eve Denton ,&nbsp;Brigitte M. Borg ,&nbsp;Mahesh Dharmakumara ,&nbsp;Janine Mahoney ,&nbsp;Janet Bondarenko ,&nbsp;Fiona Hore-Lacy ,&nbsp;Tiffany Lin ,&nbsp;Asger Sverrild ,&nbsp;Mark Hew ,&nbsp;Joy Lee","doi":"10.1016/j.jsams.2024.09.006","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jsams.2024.09.006","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>Abnormal breathlessness at maximal exercise may be caused by a range of conditions, including exercise-induced bronchospasm, breathing pattern disorder, or exercise-induced laryngeal obstruction. These three disorders may not be detected on standard cardiopulmonary exercise testing. The aim of this study was to describe diagnostic outcomes of an expanded protocol during cardiopulmonary exercise testing.</div></div><div><h3>Design</h3><div>Retrospective cohort study.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Patients presenting with abnormal breathlessness on maximal exercise underwent continuous laryngoscopy with cardiopulmonary exercise testing on a stationary cycle ergometer. Breathing pattern disorder was evaluated by video and ventilatory data. Pre- and post-exercise spirometry was performed.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>24 adult patients were evaluated; 10 were professional athletes. Mean age was 40 years (range 18–73). Nine of 24 (38 %) were diagnosed with exercise-induced laryngeal obstruction and referred for speech pathology. Six of these had supraglottic exercise-induced laryngeal obstruction; all were aged &lt;<!--> <!-->30 years; 5/6 were professional athletes. One patient had breathing pattern disorder and was referred for physiotherapy; one had exercise-induced bronchospasm, requiring escalation of asthma medication; one had muscle tension dysphonia resulting in referral to an otolaryngologist who administered a laryngeal injection of botulinum toxin. A further four patients had unexplained lower maximal oxygen consumption with cardiac limitation and were referred for further cardiac investigation.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>In patients reporting abnormal breathlessness at maximal exercise, this expanded exercise protocol provided diagnostic information in 66.7 % cases which contributed to further personalised management.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16992,"journal":{"name":"Journal of science and medicine in sport","volume":"28 2","pages":"Pages 95-100"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142468374","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of low energy availability on performance in male athletes: A scoping review","authors":"Tim Hänisch ,&nbsp;Andreas M. Nieß ,&nbsp;Anja Carlsohn","doi":"10.1016/j.jsams.2024.10.008","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jsams.2024.10.008","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>The primary aim of this study was to investigate the effects of low energy availability on different performance outcomes in male athletes. Secondary aims were to examine an assumed dose–response relationship and identify knowledge gaps.</div></div><div><h3>Design</h3><div>Scoping review.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>The electronic database PubMed was searched until the end of June 2023. Additionally, we used reference tracking and hand-searching for related articles. Six studies with a total of 103 male athletes met the inclusion criteria.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Four of the included studies had an interventional study design, including one case study, and the remaining two were cross-sectional studies. Different performance outcomes (i.e., strength, endurance, speed) were either positively, negatively, or unaffected by low energy availability. The length and magnitude of the low energy availability, as well as the baseline status of the athletes could have influenced the results. Additionally, there are methodological considerations that might limit the validity of the results.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Current evidence shows heterogeneous results, as some studies suggested improvements in certain performance parameters, whilst other studies showed neutral or detrimental effects of low energy availability. Due to the limitations mentioned; additional research is warranted for a more comprehensive understanding.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16992,"journal":{"name":"Journal of science and medicine in sport","volume":"28 2","pages":"Pages 110-117"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142639298","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Increase of circulating cell free mitochondrial DNA in amateur boxers after sparring matches","authors":"Valentina Selleri ,&nbsp;Mara Malerba ,&nbsp;Roberta D'Alisera ,&nbsp;Chiara Seidenari ,&nbsp;Giorgia Sinigaglia ,&nbsp;Giada Zanini ,&nbsp;Giulia Micheloni ,&nbsp;Gustavo Savino ,&nbsp;Anna Vittoria Mattioli ,&nbsp;Giulia Curia ,&nbsp;Rosina Critelli ,&nbsp;Marcello Pinti ,&nbsp;Milena Nasi","doi":"10.1016/j.jsams.2025.01.011","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jsams.2025.01.011","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>To determine if circulating mitochondrial deoxyribonucleic acid levels increase after sport activity involving blows to the head, such as boxing, and if it could play a role in inflammatory cascade regulation in response to trauma.</div></div><div><h3>Design</h3><div>Observational, longitudinal.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We measured mitochondrial deoxyribonucleic acid levels and integrity in ten non-professional male boxers before and after three weekly sparring matches. We set up a protocol to separate three different plasma fractions enriched in mitochondria-containing vesicles, mitochondrial deoxyribonucleic acid bound to proteins and naked mitochondrial deoxyribonucleic acid. We quantified the levels of the main cytokines involved in inflammatory response and the levels of neurofilament light, a well-known marker of brain damage.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Circulating mitochondrial deoxyribonucleic acid levels increased after each match. In the second fraction, we also observed an increase over the weeks. Mitochondrial deoxyribonucleic acid is less intact after each match if compared with pre-match integrity, especially the naked form which is not protected within vesicles or mitochondria. Circulating levels of interleukin-6, interleukin-1beta and interleukin-10 increased after each match linking traumatic brain injuries to inflammatory state. Neurofilament light chain showed a similar trend to mitochondrial deoxyribonucleic acid.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>As mitochondrial deoxyribonucleic acid displays an inflammatory effect and neurofilament light chain is more specific for brain injury, we concluded that the simultaneous analysis of these two parameters could be helpful to monitor the effects of traumatic brain injury in contact sports, and that mitochondrial deoxyribonucleic acid is a promising candidate biomarker to study the inflammatory state of patients who suffered repeated traumatic brain injuries.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16992,"journal":{"name":"Journal of science and medicine in sport","volume":"28 6","pages":"Pages 437-446"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143399378","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The role of generic cognitive skills: An empirical investigation into the association between generic and sport-specific cognitive skills and playing level in youth football.","authors":"Martin L Reinhard, David L Mann, Oliver Höner","doi":"10.1016/j.jsams.2025.01.010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsams.2025.01.010","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Tests of cognitive skills are increasingly used to identify talent in sports such as football, but there is so far little evidence to suggest that those tests are associated with sport-specific cognitive skills and performance. The aim of this study was to establish the degree to which tests of generic cognitive skills are associated with football-specific skill in youth football. Specifically, we (i) established the degree to which tests of generic cognitive skills are associated with sport-specific cognitive skills, and (ii) compared the associations between generic and sport-specific cognitive skills and the playing level of youth footballers.</p><p><strong>Design: </strong>Cross-sectional study.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Youth football players (U11-U15; N = 110) competing at an elite and sub-elite level conducted two diagnostic tests of generic and one of football-specific cognitive skills. Generic tests were (1) the determination test measuring reactive stress tolerance, and (2) NeurOlympics assessing executive functions and anticipation to produce a Football Intelligence score (FI score). The football-specific test was a 360°-video decision-making test. Multiple regression analyses were used to establish the association between the tests, and logistic regression for their association to playing level (elite vs. sub-elite).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The generic Football Intelligence score showed a small but significant association with football-specific decision making when controlling for age (p = 0.006). However, football-specific decision making (Nagelkerke's R² = 0.34, p < 0.001) had a higher diagnostic validity when predicting the playing level than did the FI score (Nagelkerke's R² = 0.13, p < 0.001).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>We found a partial relationship between generic and football-specific cognition and that football-specific decision making better differentiates playing levels than generic cognition. These results contribute to the literature suggesting that sport-specific measures are much better predictors of skill than generic cognitive diagnostics for the purposes of talent identification.</p>","PeriodicalId":16992,"journal":{"name":"Journal of science and medicine in sport","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143567458","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Passive hamstring muscles rigidity throughout the menstrual cycle and the effect of oral contraception","authors":"Jérémie Bouvier ,&nbsp;Mélanie Prudent ,&nbsp;Emeric Stauffer ,&nbsp;Maxime Pingon ,&nbsp;Alexandre Fouré ,&nbsp;Cyril Martin","doi":"10.1016/j.jsams.2025.01.008","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jsams.2025.01.008","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>Female athletes have a lower risk of hamstring strain injuries than males. The variations in oestradiol and progesterone concentrations happening during the menstrual cycle and oral contraceptive use may influence muscle mechanical properties, potentially affecting muscle injury risk. However, to date, no study has combined an assessment of hamstring muscles' mechanical properties spread over the full knee range of motion with rigorous hormonal control of the menstrual cycle, electromyographic monitoring and inclusion of oral contraceptive users. The present study aims to be the first to rigorously evaluate the association between menstrual cycle, oral contraceptive use and hamstring muscles' mechanical properties.</div></div><div><h3>Design</h3><div>Cross-sectional study with repeated measures.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Shear wave elastography measurements were performed at three different times during the menstrual and oral contraceptive cycle. Hormonal assessment and electromyographic monitoring were also carried out.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>No difference in hamstring muscles' shear wave speed, anatomical cross-sectional area, knee joint musculoarticular stiffness and maximal range of motion were observed along the menstrual cycle despite the presence of the expected variations in ovarian steroid hormones concentrations. No difference in these parameters was also reported throughout the oral contraception use.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>No differences in the mechanical properties of the hamstring muscles were observed, whether the concentrations of ovarian steroid hormones fluctuate with the menstrual cycle or remain stable with oral contraceptive use, despite the notable effects of these hormones on the muscle composition.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16992,"journal":{"name":"Journal of science and medicine in sport","volume":"28 6","pages":"Pages 475-482"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143364473","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Does body composition relate to active drag during arms-only front crawl swimming in male collegiate swimmers?","authors":"Kenzo Narita, Sohei Washino, Tomoya Kadi, Hiroaki Kanehisa, Hirotoshi Mankyu, Eiji Fujita","doi":"10.1016/j.jsams.2025.01.009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsams.2025.01.009","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Fat tissue does not directly contribute to an increase in propulsive force in swimming, though it has the potential to indirectly enhance swimming performance by reducing active drag as the specific gravity of fat tissue is lower than that of water. However, the relationship between body composition and active drag has not been elucidated. This study aimed to evaluate how body composition relates to active drag during arms-only front crawl swimming.</p><p><strong>Design: </strong>Cross-sectional study.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Twenty-two male collegiate swimmers (height, 1.73 ± 0.06 m; body mass, 67.6 ± 6.0 kg) performed arms-only front crawl swimming using a measuring active drag-system. Active drag was evaluated at 1.20, 1.50 m/s, and maximum swimming velocity. Body composition data, fat mass, fat-free mass, and the percentage of fat mass relative to body mass (%fat mass) were measured using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. The associations between body composition data and active drag were evaluated using Pearson's correlation coefficients.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The results indicated that %fat mass was negatively correlated with active drag at 1.20 and 1.50 m/s, whereas fat-free mass was positively correlated with active drag at 1.50 m/s.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>In male swimmers with %fat mass between 6.3 and 12.0 %, a higher %FM, reflecting lower body density, had lower active drag at submaximal swimming velocities. These findings suggest that swimmers and their coaches should consider the balance of fat mass and fat-free mass from the perspective of active drag rather than unnecessarily decreasing fat mass or increasing fat-free mass to enhance swimming performance.</p>","PeriodicalId":16992,"journal":{"name":"Journal of science and medicine in sport","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143408371","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Is there a relationship between rapid weight changes and self-reported injury in combat sports athletes? A 14-month study of 24 combat sports events","authors":"Colin S. Doherty,&nbsp;Oliver R. Barley,&nbsp;Lauren V. Fortington","doi":"10.1016/j.jsams.2025.01.007","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jsams.2025.01.007","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>To explore the potential association between rapid weight changes and self-reported injury status (presence or absence of injury) 7 days following competitive events among male and female combat sports competitors.</div></div><div><h3>Design</h3><div>A 14-month study of 24 events.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A weight management questionnaire was completed 1-day post-competition, and an injury questionnaire was completed 7 days post-competition. These online questionnaires provided data on body mass and injury status. Mixed effects logistic regression models were used to analyse the odds ratios of rapid weight change variables and their impact on athletes' self-reporting as injured or non-injured.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>There were 172 responses (155 athletes) to both questionnaires (37 females (24 %) and 118 males (76 %)); 88 athletes (51 %) reported no injury, and 84 (49 %) reported injury. Rapid weight loss 7 days (RWL −<!--> <!-->7 days) and 24 h (RWL −<!--> <!-->24 h) before weigh-ins was 4.9 % ± 3.4 % and 2.6 % ± 2.1 % for females, and 6.1 % ± 3.2 % and 3.0 % ± 1.9 % for males. Mixed effects logistic regression models returned the highest odds ratio for male RWL −<!--> <!-->24 h (odds ratio: 1.20, 95 % confidence interval: 1.00–1.43, p = 0.044). This indicates that for a 1 % increase in male RWL −<!--> <!-->24 h before official weigh-ins, the likelihood of reporting an injury increases by a factor of 1.2.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Male RWL −<!--> <!-->24 h before weigh-ins is associated with reporting an injury at 7 days post-competition. Therefore, athletes and coaches should carefully consider and aim to limit pre-competition rapid weight loss to minimise the likelihood of injury.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16992,"journal":{"name":"Journal of science and medicine in sport","volume":"28 6","pages":"Pages 465-474"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143074755","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Performance effects of functional knee brace removal and prolonged use in healthy male athlete: Lower extremity power, acceleration, speed, and agility","authors":"Neetu Rishiraj ,&nbsp;Jack E. Taunton ,&nbsp;Willian Regan ,&nbsp;Robert Woollard ,&nbsp;Rob Lloyd-Smith ,&nbsp;Brian Niven","doi":"10.1016/j.jsams.2025.01.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jsams.2025.01.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>Knee braces were introduced to sports 30 years ago. However, knee brace use for non-contact anterior cruciate ligament injury prevention intervention remains contentious due to concerns about performance hindrances. Since knee brace use is a potential modifiable risk factor, we aimed to investigate the effect of discounting and continued functional knee brace (FKB) on lower extremity power-vertical jump (VJ), acceleration, speed, and agility performance.</div></div><div><h3>Design</h3><div>Prospective cohort crossover study.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Twenty-seven healthy male athletes performed seven tests, over six days of 12 test sessions (S), during three test conditions (non-braced, braced, and removed brace or continued brace use). This study focuses on VJ, acceleration, speed, and agility performance during S12 when athletes were randomly selected to remove the FKB after 17.5 h or continue using the FKB for 21.0 h.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>After brace removal, nonsignificant performance levels improved in the VJ (2.7 %; 95 % CI 52.5–62.8; Cohen's effect size (ES) = trivial), acceleration (1.8 %; 95 % CI 0.500–0.562; ES = small), and agility (0.5 %; 95 % CI 9.25–10.13; ES = trivial), while a nonsignificant slower speed was recorded (0.5 %; 95 % CI 1.81–1.95; ES = trivial). Continued brace use led to a nonsignificant performance improvement in all tests; VJ (3.1 %; 95 % CI 53.5–60.2; ES = small), acceleration (1.5 %; 95 % CI 0.511–0.561; ES = trivial), speed (1.0 %; 95 % CI 1.83–1.95; ES = trivial), and agility (1.8 %; 95 % CI 9.26–10.04; ES = trivial).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Removal of FKB led to improved performance in three performance tests, while continued brace use improved performance in all four tests.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16992,"journal":{"name":"Journal of science and medicine in sport","volume":"28 6","pages":"Pages 506-511"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143007361","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Kinetics of recovery and normalization of running biomechanics following aerobic-based exercise-induced muscle damage in recreational male runners","authors":"Irit Markus ,&nbsp;Adi Arutiunian ,&nbsp;Evyatar Ohayon ,&nbsp;Maria Holodov ,&nbsp;David Peled ,&nbsp;Roi Yavetz ,&nbsp;Noam Ben-Eliezer ,&nbsp;Antonio Dello Iacono ,&nbsp;Yftach Gepner","doi":"10.1016/j.jsams.2025.01.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jsams.2025.01.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>The study aimed to examine the effects of exercise-induced muscle damage on running kinetics.</div></div><div><h3>Design</h3><div>Twenty-six adult recreational male runners performed 60 min of downhill running (−<!--> <!-->10 %) at 65 % of maximal heart rate. Running gait changes, systemic and localized muscle damage markers were assessed pre - and post-exercise induced muscle damage protocol.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Running gait was analyzed using a 3D treadmill at baseline, immediately post, 24 h, and 48 h to determine changes in running pressure sway and vertical ground reaction forces. Blood markers, subjective pain perception, and magnetic resonance imaging utilizing T₂ relaxation time of the thigh muscles assessed systemic and localized damage. Linear mixed-effects models examined changes over time.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Significant decreases were found in the left leg's first (−<!--> <!-->454.0 to −<!--> <!-->396.1, P &lt; 0.05) and second (−<!--> <!-->532.8 to −<!--> <!-->498.2, P &lt; 0.05) VGRF peaks across all time points compared to baseline. The right leg showed reductions in the first vertical ground reaction forced peak at immediately post (−<!--> <!-->348.4, P = 0.036) and the second peak at immediately post and 24 h (−<!--> <!-->467.4 and −<!--> <!-->396.8, P &lt; 0.05). Creatine kinase increased significantly (P &lt; 0.001) at 24 h and 48 h compared to baseline. The anterior thigh muscle compartment showed significant (P &lt; 0.05) increases in mean T₂ values 1 h following exercise protocol remained elevated up to 48 h. Negative correlations were identified between running biomechanics to local and systemic muscle damage markers.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Running biomechanics remained impaired for up to 48 h following exercise induced muscle damage and correlated with markers of muscle damage using magnetic resonance imaging.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16992,"journal":{"name":"Journal of science and medicine in sport","volume":"28 6","pages":"Pages 498-505"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143039419","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The effect of assessor expertise on reliability of analysis of video signs associated with concussion in Australian football","authors":"James R.M. McLaren ,&nbsp;Michael Makdissi ,&nbsp;Stephen J.C. Hearps ,&nbsp;Gavin A. Davis","doi":"10.1016/j.jsams.2024.08.200","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jsams.2024.08.200","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>To determine whether spotters with medical training and experience in managing concussion have higher inter-rater reliability and accuracy than non-medical personnel when identifying video signs associated with concussion in Australian football.</div></div><div><h3>Design</h3><div>Retrospective cohort study.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Video clips were collected of all impacts potentially resulting in concussion during 2012 and 2013 Australian Football League (AFL) seasons. Raters were divided into medical doctors and a non-medical group comprising allied health practitioners (physiotherapists) and non-medical/non-allied health personnel (performance analysts). Raters assessed 102 randomly selected videos for signs of concussion. The inter-rater reliability was calculated. Sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values were calculated by comparing the rater responses to the consensus opinion from two highly experienced clinicians with expertise in concussion.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>No statistically significant difference in inter-rater reliability was observed between the medical doctors and the non-medical group. Both groups demonstrated good to excellent agreement for <em>slow to get up</em>, <em>clutching at head/face</em> and <em>facial injury</em>. Both groups displayed intra-class coefficient &gt;<!--> <!-->0.55 for <em>no protective action-floppy</em>, <em>loss of responsiveness</em>, and <em>motor incoordination</em>, and displayed lowest agreement for <em>no protective action-tonic posturing</em>, <em>impact seizure</em> and <em>blank/vacant look</em>. No statistically significant difference was found between the groups for sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values for correctly classifying video signs compared to the expert consensus opinion.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>After completing sufficient standardised training and testing, medical and non-medical personnel demonstrate comparable reliability in identifying video signs of concussion in professional Australian football and may be suitable for the role of video spotter.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16992,"journal":{"name":"Journal of science and medicine in sport","volume":"28 1","pages":"Pages 26-32"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142108625","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}