Journal of science and medicine in sport最新文献

{"title":"Chasing safety: Race-day falls and injuries in Irish professional and amateur horseracing from 2016 to 2024","authors":"Alannah Reville,&nbsp;John Corrigan,&nbsp;Jennifer Pugh,&nbsp;Siobhan O'Connor","doi":"10.1016/j.jsams.2026.02.007","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jsams.2026.02.007","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>This study aimed to: 1) examine fall and injury incidence in Irish horseracing between 2016 and 2024, 2) establish injury characteristics, 3) compare incidence rates between professional and amateur racing and 4) investigate changes in incidence rates over time.</div></div><div><h3>Design</h3><div>Descriptive epidemiology study.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Fall and injury data was recorded by Irish Horseracing Regulatory Board (IHRB)-appointed medical doctors using a standardised injury report form at every Irish race meeting between 2016 and 2024. Fall and injury incidence, injury location and type of injury were reported with 95% Confidence Intervals (CIs) between 2016 and 2024. Incidence Rate Ratios (IRRs) and 95% CIs were calculated 1) between jump, flat and amateur racing, 2) over the course of the study (2016–2024), and 3) between the previous (2007–2016) and current (2016–2024) study.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Amateurs had the highest fall incidence across Irish horseracing (110/1000 rides), whilst jump jockeys had the highest total injury incidence (8/1000 rides), and flat jockeys had the highest injury incidence per fall (294/1000 falls). Amateurs had the highest fracture (3/1000 rides) and concussion (1/1000 rides) rates, whilst flat jockeys had the highest fracture (67/1000 falls) and concussion (59/1000 falls) rates per fall. Over the course of the study (2016–2024), there was a 7% decrease in injuries/1000 falls in jump (IRR 0.93, p &lt; 0.001) and a 10% decrease in flat (IRR 0.89, p = 0.003) racing. Falls and injuries decreased across all Irish horseracing since the previous study (7–28%). The upper limb was most commonly injured in jump (34%) and amateur (57%) racing, and the lower limb (30%) in flat racing. Contusions were most common in jump (33%) and flat (32%) racing, whilst fractures were most common in amateur (49%) racing.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Fall and injury risk varies between types of horseracing, with amateurs at a higher risk of falling, jump jockeys at a higher risk of injury, and flat jockeys at a higher risk of becoming injured as a result of a fall. Injury rates have decreased in professional racing over the course of the study, which could be a result of new safety interventions. However, more targeted approaches may be needed to address persistent injury risk in amateur racing. Amateurs also had the highest proportion of serious injuries such as fractures and concussions, highlighting the need for greater attention towards amateurs.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16992,"journal":{"name":"Journal of science and medicine in sport","volume":"29 9","pages":"Pages 975-981"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147306792","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Soccer-related blunt chest trauma inducing aberrant supraventricular tachycardia and unmasking Wolff–Parkinson–White syndrome in an adolescent","authors":"Mohammed Abrahim,&nbsp;Neil Dilworth","doi":"10.1016/j.jsams.2026.03.019","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jsams.2026.03.019","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>We report a rare case of a hemodynamically unstable adolescent boy who developed aberrant supraventricular tachycardia following minor blunt chest trauma during soccer, successfully terminated with vagal maneuvers alone. Post-termination electrocardiography revealed previously unrecognized Wolff–Parkinson–White syndrome. This case demonstrates that seemingly minor blunt chest trauma during contact sports can precipitate clinically significant arrhythmias in children with occult conduction abnormalities. It further underscores the safety, effectiveness and the practical utility of vagal maneuvers while preparing for synchronized cardioversion and raises considerations for pre-participation cardiovascular screening, and for training coaches and first responders in performing vagal maneuvers in similar scenarios.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16992,"journal":{"name":"Journal of science and medicine in sport","volume":"29 9","pages":"Pages 971-974"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147717118","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comment on “The effect of lowering the maximum tackle height in English Schoolboy rugby union on tackle characteristics and all-injury and concussion rates”","authors":"Swarupanjali Padhi,&nbsp;Prashant Ramdas Kokiwar,&nbsp;Janvi Patel,&nbsp;Ankita Kalra","doi":"10.1016/j.jsams.2026.03.020","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jsams.2026.03.020","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":16992,"journal":{"name":"Journal of science and medicine in sport","volume":"29 9","pages":"Page 1012"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148308620","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Adaptations to endurance vs strength training in elite athletes revealed by serum proteomics","authors":"Hasan Basri Kiliç,&nbsp;Melis Şardan Ekiz,&nbsp;Senay Akin,&nbsp;Ömür Çelikbiçak,&nbsp;Lale Tokgözoğlu,&nbsp;Yusuf Çetin Kocaefe","doi":"10.1016/j.jsams.2026.02.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jsams.2026.02.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>Elite training induces profound physiological adaptations, yet whether these changes manifest as stable circulating proteomes remains unclear. This study characterized serum proteomic profiles in male and female Olympic-level athletes to identify biomarkers associated with long-term endurance and strength training.</div></div><div><h3>Design</h3><div>Cross-sectional study in Olympic-level athletes and sedentary controls.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Resting serum samples were collected from male and female marathon runners and weightlifters (with 5–15 years of training), alongside age- and sex-matched sedentary individuals. Proteomic profiling was performed using tandem mass spectrometry. Data were processed with MaxQuant and analyzed using Perseus. Selected proteins were confirmed using antibody-based assays.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Among 301 identified protein groups, 36 showed significant differences between groups. Apolipoprotein A-IV (APOA4) was elevated in athletes, particularly marathoners, suggesting cardiovascular adaptation to endurance training. Fibronectin 1 (FN1) was reduced in weightlifters, consistent with vascular remodeling associated with resistance training. Marathoners exhibited higher levels of von Willebrand factor (VWF) and glycosylphosphatidylinositol-specific phospholipase D1 (GPLD1), and lower levels of galectin-3-binding protein (LGAS3BP) and leucine-rich alpha-2-glycoprotein 1 (LRG1), indicating immunomodulatory effects of oxidative training. Weightlifters showed reduced levels of GPLD1 and extracellular matrix protein 1 (ECM1), reflecting distinct remodeling pathways. FN1, APOA4, VWF, LGALS3BP and ECM1 levels were further confirmed.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Endurance and resistance training elicit modality-specific serum proteomic adaptations that reflect vascular, endothelial, and hemostatic remodeling. These molecular signatures, observed in both sexes, highlight stable changes induced by chronic training and may inform cardiovascular prevention strategies and evidence-based approaches in sports science to optimize training and performance.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16992,"journal":{"name":"Journal of science and medicine in sport","volume":"29 9","pages":"Pages 1024-1033"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147317338","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The missing pieces: A systematic review of the reporting of resistance training variables in studies of pregnant women","authors":"Alexandra Geard,&nbsp;Thomas M. Doering,&nbsp;Michael A. Carron,&nbsp;Melanie Hayman","doi":"10.1016/j.jsams.2026.02.017","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jsams.2026.02.017","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>To examine the comprehensiveness in reporting resistance training variables among studies of pregnant women.</div></div><div><h3>Design</h3><div>Systematic review.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>PubMed, EMBASE, CINAHL, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library were searched. All quantitative study designs were eligible if they contained any resistance training exposure during pregnancy. Studies which contained only pelvic floor muscle training, or only occupational exposure to lifting were excluded.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>117 studies from 29 countries were included (n = 66, 133 participants). Studies were assessed on the reporting of 16 resistance training variables including frequency, intensity, duration, type (exercise selection, equipment), volume (sets, repetitions, external load), pattern (rest, tempo), progressive overload, experience level, intensity measurement, pregnancy modifications, supervision, and adverse events. Supervision and frequency were well reported (87% and 79% of studies, respectively). Critical dose-related variables including sets, repetitions, intensity, and external load were poorly reported (67%, 62%, 61%, and 38% of studies, respectively). Pregnancy modifications to resistance training were reported in 65% of studies.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Key resistance training variables, including sets, repetitions, and intensity of training are not consistently reported in studies of pregnant women, precluding a strong understanding of work-rates and total training loads. To advance the field, a consensus on minimum reporting standards must be established and consistently adopted to strengthen the evidence base and enable more specific recommendations for resistance training during pregnancy. Without a comprehensive evidence-base to underpin detailed guidelines, resistance training prescription will remain conservative in research and clinical practice, limiting the potential benefits to pregnant women and their offspring.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16992,"journal":{"name":"Journal of science and medicine in sport","volume":"29 9","pages":"Pages 1058-1072"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147654167","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mapping mental health problems in elite female athletes-A scoping review emphasising limited research in Africa and South America.","authors":"Dhavina Naidoo, Jessica Chantler, Vincent Gouttebarge, D C Janse van Rensburg, Candice MacMillan","doi":"10.1016/j.jsams.2026.07.018","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsams.2026.07.018","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Backgrounds: </strong>Mental health symptoms and disorders are growing concerns amongst elite athletes facing unique psychological stressors from high-performance competition. Whilst prevalence has been studied in male athletes and regions like Europe and Australia, significant gaps exist regarding elite female athletes from underrepresented regions, including Africa.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To conduct a scoping review on the literature of mental health symptoms and disorders in elite female athletes globally, identify geographic research gaps, and summarise key contributing factors and methodologies.</p><p><strong>Design: </strong>Scoping review.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Whilst focusing on mental health symptoms and disorders amongst elite female athletes, studies including both female and male participants were considered to provide a comprehensive overview. A search was conducted in PubMed, PsycINFO, CINAHL, and Scopus databases. Two reviewers independently screened studies, extracted data, and charted results on study characteristics, descriptive study-level prevalence estimates, associated factors, and methodologies.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Fifty-nine studies were included. Only seven investigated elite female athletes, 22 reported sex-disaggregated prevalence estimates, and 30 presented aggregated results. Most studies (88.1%) were cross-sectional. Only three studies investigated disorders, and the remaining 56 investigated symptoms such as depression, anxiety, and disordered eating. Risk associations included injury, illness, career dissatisfaction, financial stress, and gender. Research originated mainly from Europe (n = 27), with only one study from Africa and three from South America.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Mental health symptoms are prevalent amongst elite female athletes, yet evidence is skewed towards high-income regions and often lacks female-specific data. More geographically inclusive, longitudinal, and sex-disaggregated research is needed, particularly in Africa and South America, to ensure the development of equitable interventions and policies.</p><p><strong>Registration: </strong>This review was registered on the Open Science Framework (https://doi.org/10.17605/OSF.IO/M78DR).</p>","PeriodicalId":16992,"journal":{"name":"Journal of science and medicine in sport","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2026-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148864912","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring the perceptions and experiences of concussion reporting in Australian women's collision sport athletes through qualitative inquiry.","authors":"Keir Westacott, Samantha Bunzli, Julie A Hides, Felix T Leung","doi":"10.1016/j.jsams.2026.07.017","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsams.2026.07.017","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Sport-related concussions are often unreported by athletes. This may lead to insufficient medical treatment and negative health effects. Reporting sport-related concussion symptoms is context-dependent and influenced by factors such as sex, sporting code, and culture. Women may have unique experiences of sport-related concussions and reporting compared with men. However, these experiences of women athletes have not been explored in an Australian context. This study aimed to identify enablers and barriers to sport-related concussion reporting amongst Australian women competing in collision sports, informing initiatives to support safe participation.</p><p><strong>Design: </strong>Qualitative study.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Semi-structured interviews explored experiences with sport-related concussion disclosure within the context of Australian women's collision team-sports. Interview questions were informed by the Theoretical Domains Framework. Thematic analysis occurred via deductive coding of responses to Theoretical Domains Framework domains, followed by inductive coding within each domain. Interviews were conducted until thematic saturation was reached.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Twelve adult women competing in Australian collision sports were interviewed. One overarching theme (procedural tension) and three main themes (validation pressure, injury hierarchy, and conflicted cultural logics) were identified. The themes highlighted how gender-related factors interact with sport-specific norms in the context of playing sport and reporting sport-related concussions in Australia.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Concussion reporting is multidimensional and influenced by micro, meso, and macro level factors. Factors have been identified that could be targeted by interventions aimed at improving sport-related concussion reporting amongst non-professional divisions of this population. These findings highlight implications, including strengthening recruitment, fostering team-level reporting norms, and addressing status quo practices at the club level.</p>","PeriodicalId":16992,"journal":{"name":"Journal of science and medicine in sport","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2026-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148679100","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Adherence to aerobic and muscle-strengthening physical activity guidelines and development of chronic diseases: Findings from the HABITAT cohort.","authors":"Anh Tung Pham, Michalis Stylianou, Stephanie L Duncombe, Wendy J Brown, Nicola W Burton, Gregore I Mielke","doi":"10.1016/j.jsams.2026.07.016","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsams.2026.07.016","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To investigate the combined associations between meeting aerobic and muscle-strengthening activity guidelines and incidence of chronic diseases in mid-age Australian adults over nine years.</p><p><strong>Design: </strong>Prospective cohort study.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Data were from the How Areas in Brisbane Influence Health and AcTivity cohort (N = 8072; aged 40-64 years in 2007). Participants completed surveys in 2007, 2009, 2011, 2013, and 2016. Aerobic physical activity was measured in weighted weekly time in walking, moderate and vigorous intensity activity. Muscle-strengthening activity was measured as frequency of doing weights (2007-2011) and exercises to increase strength (2011-2013). Logistic generalized estimating equation models with a 2-year lag were used to assess the associations of meeting activity guidelines with incidence of cancer, heart disease, hypertension, and type 2 diabetes mellitus.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>At baseline (2007), 11.8% of participants met both guidelines. Across time, fewer participants met muscle-strengthening than aerobic guidelines. Compared with those who met neither guideline, during 2007-2011, meeting both guidelines was associated with lower odds of heart disease (odds ratio: 0.63; 95% confidence interval: 0.42, 0.93) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (0.51; 0.29, 0.88). During the 2011-2013 period, meeting both guidelines was associated with lower odds of cancer (0.77; 0.59, 1.00), hypertension (0.76; 0.60, 0.98) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (0.50; 0.28, 0.89).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Meeting both physical activity guidelines was associated with lower odds of hypertension and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Public health initiatives should promote guidelines for both activity types, especially muscle-strengthening activities, which were typically low in these mid-age Australian adults.</p>","PeriodicalId":16992,"journal":{"name":"Journal of science and medicine in sport","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2026-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148679046","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Video analysis of breast impact events in Australian semi-professional women's rugby union.","authors":"Ruby Dang, Joshua P M Mattock, Suzi Edwards, Deirdre E McGhee","doi":"10.1016/j.jsams.2026.07.014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsams.2026.07.014","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To investigate the frequency, characteristics and incidence rate of breast impact events (BIEs) during semi-professional women's rugby union matches using video analysis.</p><p><strong>Design: </strong>Cross-sectional video analysis.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Video footage of 22 matches were analysed to identify BIEs (i.e., direct, forceful contact of a player's breast with another player, equipment or playing surface). Descriptive statistics (means, 95% CI) reported the frequency and characteristics under three categories: (i) BIE match situation; (ii) ball-carrier/tackler characteristics; and (iii) BIE outcome. Incidence rate (IR) was reported per 1000 match hours.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The total number of BIEs was 786 (mean 35.7 per match; IR 1176/1000 h), with an average of five players sustaining multiple BIEs per match. The most common BIE match situation was tackle-related (88%, n = 688), with tackle taken to ground the most common activity (47%, n = 370). For ball-carrier/tackler characteristics, the ball-carriers more commonly sustained BIEs (72%, n = 569) and tacklers inflicted the most BIEs (69%, n = 471). Two-thirds of BIEs (64%, n = 502) resulted from contact with the ball and 32% from direct impact with another player (n = 248), mostly with their shoulder (44%, n = 110) and forearm (48%, n = 116). The most common BIE outcome was players continuing to play after impact.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>BIEs occur frequently in women's rugby union matches, commonly during tackle-related activities, with the breast commonly impacting with the ball. Further research is recommended to investigate the magnitude of force involved with BIEs and the effects of accumulated BIEs on breast tissue trauma and pain.</p>","PeriodicalId":16992,"journal":{"name":"Journal of science and medicine in sport","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2026-07-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148706899","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Are female athlete concerns being considered in preparticipation examinations? A needs assessment in Canadian University Sport (U SPORTS).","authors":"J M Schulz, S J Adler, B Edwardson, A Tri, C J Alabaster, J S Thornton","doi":"10.1016/j.jsams.2026.07.013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsams.2026.07.013","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Preparticipation examinations (PPEs) are commonly used to gather athletes' baseline health information. However, they often lack content specific to the health needs of female athletes. Therefore, this study aimed to: 1) identify which female-specific health questions athletes recall being asked during PPEs; 2) determine what questions athletes believe are missing; and 3) explore female athletes' comfort with disclosing health concerns.</p><p><strong>Design: </strong>Cross-sectional survey.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The survey was distributed to Canadian varsity female athletes during their 2023-2024 season. It included multiple-choice and open-ended questions spanning five domains: pelvic health, menstrual health, Relative Energy Deficiency in Sport (REDs), musculoskeletal (MSK) health, and mental health. Descriptive statistics were used to summarize quantitative data, while inductive content analysis was used for open responses.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Ninety-three athletes (mean age 21 ± 2.2 years) completed the survey. Sixty percent reported completing a PPE, and 84% indicated that there was no follow-up after completion. Fewer than half of athletes recalled being asked about mental health (42%), REDs (37%), menstrual health (33%), or pelvic health (2%). Athletes ranked inclusion of mental, MSK, REDs, menstrual, and pelvic health questions in descending order of importance. Athletes who felt comfortable disclosing health concerns recognized the performance and well-being benefits of doing so. Those who were uncomfortable cited not understanding the relevance of certain questions and/or mistrust regarding who would access their information.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>PPEs in Canadian varsity sport are often lacking female-specific questions. Clarifying PPE purpose, benefits and data sharing may improve trust, disclosure, and athlete health outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":16992,"journal":{"name":"Journal of science and medicine in sport","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2026-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148648674","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}