Journal of science and medicine in sport最新文献

{"title":"\"Give us something we can use\": A qualitative study on coaches' experiences of tackle training education in Canadian adolescent girls rugby.","authors":"Kathryn Dane, Danielle Salmon, Anna Stodter, Stacy Sick, Isla J Shill, Jeffrey G Caron, Carolyn A Emery","doi":"10.1016/j.jsams.2026.08.198","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsams.2026.08.198","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Rugby is one of the fastest-growing sports for adolescent girls in Canada and worldwide. Tackling is a foundational, high-risk skill, accounting for up to 79% of match injuries in Canadian girls' rugby. Despite the emergence of tackle training programmes, little is known about how coaches understand, adopt, and implement tackle training, particularly in girls' rugby. This study aimed to identify the tackle training-related education needs of Canadian rugby coaches.</p><p><strong>Design: </strong>Qualitative study using a grounded theory analytical approach.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Interviews and focus groups were conducted with Alberta-based adolescent girls' rugby coaches (n = 16) and coach educators (n = 10) from across Canada at two time points in 2024 and 2025. Data were collected via semi-structured interviews/focus groups and analysed following grounded theory coding procedures.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Three categories were constructed: (1) delivery preferences, (2) content needs, and (3) implementation recommendations. First, coaches preferred experiential, 'hands-on' workshops delivered in pre- and off-season, facilitated by credible experts, with opportunities for peer learning. Second, content needs included the rationale (\"why\"), technical clarity (\"what\"), and practical guidance on implementation of content (\"how\"). Third, effective implementation relied on prescriptive simplicity, ongoing reinforcement, and role model engagement.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Coaches' preferences reflect the volunteer-led context of adolescent rugby. Effective tackle training workshops must tailor delivery to contextual constraints, focus on the \"why, what, and how,\" and leverage credible voices to model and reinforce best practices. These findings encourage context-specific strategies for sustainable implementation of tackle training education for coaches in adolescent rugby.</p>","PeriodicalId":16992,"journal":{"name":"Journal of science and medicine in sport","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2026-08-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148864882","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Women's football across codes: A scoping review of sports science, medicine, and female-health research themes.","authors":"Charlotte Steele, Natalia Galan-Lopez, Matthew H Simpson, Lee Taylor, Bryna Catherine Rose Chrismas","doi":"10.1016/j.jsams.2026.08.204","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsams.2026.08.204","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To map the quantity, scope, distribution, and research focus of female-specific research across all major football codes (soccer, futsal, Gaelic football, rugby union, sevens and league, Australian rules football, and American football), including sport science and medicine topics, performance-related themes, and female health domains assessed.</p><p><strong>Design: </strong>Scoping review pre-registered with the Open Science Framework (https://osf.io/t2gqd/).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Four databases were searched from inception to April 2025 using female health-related terms combined with football codes. Eligible sources included peer-reviewed research and female-specific National Governing Body (NGB) policy or strategy documents relating to competitive women's football (Tiers 2-5), including recently retired athletes, referees, and/or support staff. Female-specific NGB policy and strategy documents were obtained from governing body websites and through direct correspondence with continental and UK home-nation governing bodies. Pilot title/abstract (κ = 0.58) and full-text (κ = 0.80) screening were completed independently by two reviewers to calculate inter-rater agreement, with full-text then proceeding with single-reviewer screening. Data including population, geography, age group, and themes were synthesised in Excel and visualised in RStudio using multilevel content evaluation.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 1425 publications (1385 studies; 40 policy/strategy documents) were included. Soccer dominated (80.6% of sport-category counts), followed by rugby union (4.3%) and Australian football (3.8%). Most involved Tier 3 (45.6%) and senior athletes (≥18 years; 48%). Underrepresented groups included youth (<18 years; 17%), veterans/masters athletes (>35 years; (1%), referees (1.9%), coaches (5.1%), and athletes with a disability (0.1%). Injury was the predominant theme (37.0%), whilst female health areas such as breast (0.5%), pelvic floor (0.5%), and menopause (0.1%) were scarce; menstrual cycle (MC) data were not reported in 69.0% of studies.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The evidence base remains fragmented, injury-focused, soccer-centric, and neglectful of key female health domains. Broader, cross-code, female-centred research agendas and targeted investment are essential to advance equity, performance, and athlete welfare.</p>","PeriodicalId":16992,"journal":{"name":"Journal of science and medicine in sport","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2026-08-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148880879","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of lowering the legal tackle height on tackle behaviour, match events, and suspected injury rates in adolescent female rugby union.","authors":"Liam Colbert, Omar Heyward, Ben Jones, Isla J Shill, Anna Stodter, Carolyn A Emery, Gemma Knight, Simon Roberts, Keith Stokes, Stephen West","doi":"10.1016/j.jsams.2026.08.199","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsams.2026.08.199","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To investigate whether lowering the legal tackle height from below the armpit to below the sternum influenced tackle behaviour, match events, suspected injury and concussion rates, and concussion-related tackle characteristics in adolescent female rugby union.</p><p><strong>Design: </strong>Case-control video analysis of 49 matches across two seasons, before and after the law change.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Tackle behaviour, match events, and suspected concussion characteristics were compared between seasons. Associations between tackle characteristics and suspected concussion were assessed using 37 cases and 222 control tackles.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Head-high tackles were 83% lower (incidence rate ratio 0.17, 95% confidence interval 0.09-0.34) and shoulder-to-armpit tackles 46% lower (incidence rate ratio 0.54, 95% confidence interval 0.40-0.72) after the law change. Offloads, penalties, and open-play kicks increased. Suspected injury rates were 27% lower (rate ratio 0.73, 95% confidence interval 0.53-0.90; p = 0.05). Tackle-related suspected concussion rates were unchanged (incidence rate ratio 0.94, 95% confidence interval 0.49-1.79; p = 0.85). Ruck-related suspected concussions were higher but based on small numbers (incidence rate ratio 9.83, 95% confidence interval 1.26-76.77; p = 0.03). High-intensity head contacts were strongly associated with suspected concussion (odds ratio 52.6, 95% confidence interval 9.2-301.3; p < 0.001), as was lower-leg versus torso or hip head contact (odds ratio 17.22, 95% confidence interval 2.85-103.97; p < 0.001).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Lowering the legal tackle height changed tackle behaviour and was associated with lower overall suspected injury rates, but tackle-related suspected concussion rates and concussion-related tackle characteristics did not differ. Additional head-safe contact strategies may be required.</p>","PeriodicalId":16992,"journal":{"name":"Journal of science and medicine in sport","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2026-08-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148794723","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The curvature of the crural fascia is different in anterior leg chronic exertional compartment syndrome.","authors":"Kay van Heeswijk, Daniëlle Spek, Federico Milani, Adwin Hoogeveen, Loes Janssen, Marc Scheltinga","doi":"10.1016/j.jsams.2026.08.202","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsams.2026.08.202","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Patients possibly having chronic exertional compartment syndrome of the anterior leg require confirmatory intracompartmental pressure measurements, but this test is invasive, patient unfriendly and imprecise. Ultrasound studies suggested that the morphology of the leg crural fascia covering the muscle might be changed. Aim of this study was to analyse the crural fascia curvature in chronic exertional compartment syndrome of the anterior leg in patients and healthy controls.</p><p><strong>Design: </strong>Observational.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>From February 2023 to February 2024 patients and controls matched for sex, age and body mass index underwent leg imaging with 10 mmHg and 80 mmHg external ultrasound probe pressure. The curvature of the fascia was measured before and after a treadmill test (convex to concave, +40 to -40).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>209 ultrasound images in 21 patients (13 males; age 31 ± 11; body mass index 26 ± 5) and 21 controls (13 males; age 36 ± 14; body mass index 24 ± 3) were analysed. With 10 mmHg external pressure, fascia curvature at rest was not different (patients 18.6 ± 4.4 versus controls 17.5 ± 6.3, p = 0.53). After exercise, the fascia was more convex in patients compared to controls (30 s: 26.4 ± 5.8 versus 22.8 ± 5.4, p = 0.05; 5 min: 24.3 ± 4.9 versus 20.1 ± 5.9, p = 0.02). No group curvature differences at 80 mmHg external pressure were found.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Following exercise, the crural fascia in patients with chronic exertional compartment syndrome of the anterior leg is more convex compared to controls.</p>","PeriodicalId":16992,"journal":{"name":"Journal of science and medicine in sport","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2026-08-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148840589","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Incidence, severity, and burden of injury in the Japanese elite men's Rugby Union league.","authors":"Ryo Ogaki, Takuya Tajima, Kenji Hara, Daisuke Yoshikawa, Masahiro Furudate, Haruhiko Sato, Akihiko Nakamura, Ichiro Kono","doi":"10.1016/j.jsams.2026.08.203","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsams.2026.08.203","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Japan Rugby League One comprises three divisions based on competitive level. We aimed to determine the incidence, severity, burden, and mechanism of match injuries in Japan Rugby League One and to examine the differences across divisions and between higher- and lower-ranked teams, for rankings defined within each division.</p><p><strong>Design: </strong>Prospective cohort study.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The study conducted over four seasons (2022-2025) recruited male Rugby Union players from all Japan Rugby League One teams; time-loss injuries sustained during official matches were recorded. The injury incidence (injuries/1000 player-hours), mean severity (mean days lost), and burden (days/1000 player-hours) were calculated. Based on their final ranking within each division, teams were classified as higher-ranked or lower-ranked.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Overall incidence, mean severity, and burden were 64.0 injuries/1000 player-hours (95% confidence interval: 61.1-67.0), 35 days, and 2235 days/1000 player-hours, respectively. Division 3 had a higher injury incidence (73.2 injuries/1000 player-hours; 95% confidence interval: 66.4-80.7) than Division 1 (incidence rate ratio = 1.23; 95% confidence interval: 1.09-1.38; p < .001). Concussion was the most frequent injury (12.0 injuries/1000 player-hours, 95% confidence interval: 10.8-13.4), whereas knee injuries imposed the greatest burden (592 days/1000 player-hours). Of all injuries, 54% were tackle-related. Lower-ranked teams experienced a higher injury incidence when facing higher-ranked teams (incidence rate ratio = 1.37; 95% confidence interval: 1.25-1.51; p < .001).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Division-level disparities and ranking-related risk factors highlight the need for tailored prevention strategies; enhanced medical support for lower divisions; and interventions targeting concussions, knee injuries, and tackling techniques.</p>","PeriodicalId":16992,"journal":{"name":"Journal of science and medicine in sport","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2026-08-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148840644","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Promoting lifelong brain health: A review of risk factors and protective opportunities for athletes.","authors":"D Hughes, E M Partridge, L Fortington, M Lennon, G Waddington, P S Sachdev, H Brodaty","doi":"10.1016/j.jsams.2026.08.201","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsams.2026.08.201","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Brain health is an emerging public health priority, with dementia now among the leading causes of death in many high-income countries. The long-term brain health of current and former athletes has attracted increasing public and scientific attention in recent years, with attention largely focussed on risks such as sport-related concussion. This review aimed to increase awareness among the sports sector of the multi-factorial nature of brain health, presenting evidence on risk and protective factors alongside recommendations for individuals, sporting organisations, and regulatory agencies.</p><p><strong>Design: </strong>A systematic search strategy was employed across three stages. The search protocol was pre-registered on the Open Science Framework.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>First, position statements from global organisations were used to identify established risk and protective factors for brain health. Second, systematic reviews and meta-analyses from general populations were examined to build understanding of the current evidence base for each of these factors, including recent evidence not captured in stage 1. Third, an athlete-specific search was conducted to identify what is known about the factors within sporting contexts and cohorts. Limited evidence was identified specific to athlete populations; findings from the general population were therefore extrapolated where relevant. Factors considered most relevant to athletic populations were prioritised.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Recommendations are presented for different roles within the sporting sector.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Individual athletes are encouraged to address modifiable lifestyle risks; sporting organisations should create environments that actively support brain health during and beyond a sporting career; and regulatory agencies are encouraged to reduce harmful commercial influences on athletes.</p>","PeriodicalId":16992,"journal":{"name":"Journal of science and medicine in sport","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2026-08-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148865133","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The association between tackle technique and head acceleration events in a cross-section of adolescent female rugby players.","authors":"Nicole Spriggs, Stefan Henley, Natalia Kabaliuk, Danyon Stitt, Annette G Heward-Swale, Congyu Xu, Kevin Mangan, Rich S W Masters, Tracy R Melzer, Arindam Basu, Tim Anderson, Deborah Snell, Adrian Clark, Keith Alexander, Sinéad Moylett, Michael J Hamlin, Nick Draper","doi":"10.1016/j.jsams.2026.08.200","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsams.2026.08.200","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Tackle technique is well researched in male rugby players, but not in female players. This study investigated the relationship between different tackle characteristics for the tackler and ball carrier and head acceleration event magnitude in adolescent female rugby players.</p><p><strong>Design: </strong>A prospective cohort study that followed forty-one, 12-17-year-old female rugby players over 2 seasons.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Instrumented mouthguards and video analysis were used to quantify head acceleration events, by recording the peak linear and peak rotational acceleration that were associated with tackle events in both games and trainings.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We found twice as many head acceleration events ≥8 g for the tackler (n = 1233) than the ball carrier (n = 694). Tackling the ball carrier at the shoulder/chest resulted in the highest peak rotational acceleration (1973.6 ± 85.6 rads rad/s2, mean ± SE) for the tackler, which was higher than tackling the ball carrier at the torso/hip (1609.7 ± 69.8, p = 0.0002). A face up tackle recorded a higher peak rotational acceleration for the tackler than a face down tackle (1958.8 ± 83.3, 1601.6 ± 64.2 rads rad/s2, p < 0.0002, Cohen's d = 0.24). For both the ball carrier and the tackler, an uncontrolled fall resulted in higher peak linear acceleration compared to a controlled fall (3.8 ± 2.7 g, p < 0.005, d = 0.29 and 4.2 ± 3.0 g, p < 0.006, d = 0.30 respectively).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Modifying tackle behaviours in female rugby may reduce head acceleration event magnitude associated with tackles and improve player safety.</p>","PeriodicalId":16992,"journal":{"name":"Journal of science and medicine in sport","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2026-08-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148794711","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Athletes with chronic ankle instability adopt protective landing strategies and exhibit reduced anterior talofibular ligament strain during dynamic inversion perturbations.","authors":"Xiaoxue Zhu, Zhaoyang Yan, Qiongqiu Zhao, Qi Wang, Simin Li, Daniel T P Fong, Qipeng Song","doi":"10.1016/j.jsams.2026.08.003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsams.2026.08.003","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>This study aimed to compare lower-limb landing kinematics and modeled anterior talofibular ligament (ATFL) and calcaneofibular ligament (CFL) strains between athletes with and without chronic ankle instability (CAI) during a dynamic inversion-plantarflexion perturbation, and to determine whether altered landing strategies in athletes with CAI were associated with increased or reduced ligament strain.</p><p><strong>Design: </strong>Cross-sectional study.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>55 athletes with CAI and 55 without CAI were recruited. Each participant performed a 30-cm drop landing on a simulated sprain apparatus. The unaffected limb was placed on a support pedal, while the affected limb landed on a tilt pedal that was set to 24° of inversion and 15° of plantarflexion to simulate the condition of lateral ankle sprains. Kinematic data were obtained using a 12-camera motion analysis system, and ATFL and CFL strains were calculated with a 3D rigid-body foot model. Independent sample t-tests and Pearson's correlations were used to analyze data.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Athletes with CAI exhibited higher hip flexion (p < 0.001), hip abduction (p < 0.001), knee abduction (p = 0.043), ankle external rotation (p = 0.032), foot toe-out (p < 0.001) angles and lower ATFL strain (p = 0.002). ATFL strain was negatively correlated with ankle external rotation (r = -0.263, p = 0.006), and foot toe-out (r = -0.286, p = 0.002) angles.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Athletes with CAI adopt a protective landing strategy compared to those without CAI. This strategy was associated with reduction in ATFL strain, which may help mitigate the risk of lateral ankle sprain during challenging landings.</p>","PeriodicalId":16992,"journal":{"name":"Journal of science and medicine in sport","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2026-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148794686","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Data visualisation for reporting epidemiological data on injury and other health conditions in sport.","authors":"Pascal Edouard, Spyridon Iatropoulos, Pierre-Eddy Dandrieux, Karsten Hollander, Astrid Junge, Laurent Navarro","doi":"10.1016/j.jsams.2026.08.001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsams.2026.08.001","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":16992,"journal":{"name":"Journal of science and medicine in sport","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2026-08-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148794728","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Running with Achilles tendinopathy: tendon forces throughout a prolonged run.","authors":"Abby Hanselman, Karin Grӓvare Silbernagel, Kayla D Seymore, Richard W Willy, Ryan T Pohlig, Patrick Corrigan","doi":"10.1016/j.jsams.2026.08.002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsams.2026.08.002","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>The objectives were: 1) to determine if Achilles tendon forces change throughout a 30-minute run and 2) to characterize joint-level contributions to total support moment throughout the run in runners with Achilles tendinopathy in the return-to-sport phase of rehabilitation.</p><p><strong>Design: </strong>Laboratory-based cross-sectional study with repeated measures.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Eighteen runners (6 females; mean (standard deviation) age: 44 (13) years; height: 173 (9) cm; body mass: 73 (11) kg) in the return-to-sport phase of Achilles tendinopathy rehabilitation participated. Each participant ran for 30 minutes on a force-instrumented treadmill within a three-dimensional motion capture environment. Marker trajectories and force data were sampled at 6 timepoints throughout the run. Achilles tendon force estimates as well as relative contributions of the hips, knees, and ankles to total support moment were determined at each timepoint.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>There were no significant limb-by-time interactions, or between-limb differences, but there was a significant time effect for peak Achilles tendon force, which decreased throughout the run. For relative contributions to total support moment, there were no between-limb differences. However, throughout the run, hip extension contribution decreased while knee extension contribution increased.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Runners with Achilles tendinopathy in the return-to-sport phase of rehabilitation do not demonstrate side-to-side differences in tendon forces or contributions to total support moment. However, there are minor changes in peak tendon forces as well as hip and knee contributions to total support moment during a comfortable 30-minute run.</p>","PeriodicalId":16992,"journal":{"name":"Journal of science and medicine in sport","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2026-08-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148865180","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}