Journal of Phytopathology最新文献

{"title":"Multi-Location Field Trials Revealed High-Yielding and Broad-Spectrum Resistance of Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) to Leaf Rust (Puccinia triticina Eriks)","authors":"Wondimu Huluka,&nbsp;Geleta Dugassa Barka,&nbsp;Kassahun Tesfaye,&nbsp;Tilahun Mekonnen","doi":"10.1111/jph.70346","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jph.70346","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Bread wheat plays a crucial role in global food and nutritional security and provides a dietary staple for more than 35% of the world population. In Ethiopia, the current national average wheat productivity of 3.33 t/ha is considerably lower than the global average due to the lack of improved varieties and leaf rust. This study aimed to identify high-yielding and durable leaf rust resistant genotypes for use in the subsequent wheat breeding programme. In this study, a total of 281 bread wheat genotypes were evaluated at three leaf rust hotspots namely Debre Zeit Agricultural Research Center (DARC), Chefe Sub station and Kulumsa Agricultural research Centers (KARC). The genotypes were evaluated for phonological traits, yield performance, and leaf rust resistance. Analysis of variance revealed highly significant differences (<i>p</i> ≤ 0.01) among genotypes, environments, and their interactions for agronomic and disease traits. The significant genotype by environment interaction indicates that the genotypes' performance for grain yield and leaf rust resistance differ across environments. The genotypes' yield performances at individual environments varied considerably, and the highest grain yield (12.5 t/ha) was observed at KARC. Grain yield exhibited a positive and statistically strong correlation with TKW and harvest index. Clustering based on grain yield performance grouped the wheat genotypes into five clusters. Principal Component Analysis revealed that the inclusion of the first two PCs can explain 99.7% of the total variations in grain yield performance of the genotypes. GGE biplot analysis identified that the wheat genotypes 111, 207, and 209 were high-yielding and more stable across the test sites. Among the tested wheat genotypes, 111, 46, 209, and 207 were the most resistant across all test environments. In this study, we identified new candidate genotypes with superior grain yield performance and stable leaf rust resistance for use as source material in wheat breeding programmes and contributed to increased and stable wheat production to ensure food and nutritional security in Ethiopia and beyond.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":16843,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Phytopathology","volume":"174 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2026-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148373012","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"First Report of Colletotrichum gloeosporioides Causing Leaf Blight of Platanus × acerifolia in China","authors":"Congkai Zhao,&nbsp;Hui Yuan,&nbsp;Chao Li,&nbsp;Shimin Ding,&nbsp;Cuicui Wang","doi":"10.1111/jph.70347","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jph.70347","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>In July 2024, a leaf blight disease was observed on <i>Platanus</i> × <i>acerifolia</i> in Shandong Province, China. Symptoms appeared as necrotic lesions at leaf margins, gradually expanding inward and causing leaf scorch. Morphological characteristics placed the isolated fungus within the <i>Colletotrichum gloeosporioides</i> species complex. Molecular identification based on ITS, <i>ACT</i>, <i>CHS-1</i>, <i>TUB2</i> and <i>GAPDH</i> sequences showed 99.25%–100% similarity with <i>C. gloeosporioides</i> reference strains. Koch's postulates were fulfilled through pathogenicity tests using three inoculation methods on adult trees, potted seedlings and detached leaves. Based on our investigation, this is the first report of <i>C. gloeosporioides</i> causing leaf blight on <i>P.</i> × <i>acerifolia</i> in China.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":16843,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Phytopathology","volume":"174 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2026-06-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148324444","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"First Report of Leaf Spot Caused by Corynespora cassiicola on Ageratina altissima in South Korea","authors":"Jin-Woo Park,&nbsp;Kyoung-Mo Koo,&nbsp;Min-Jun Ko,&nbsp;Hyeon-Dong Shin,&nbsp;Ji-Hyun Park","doi":"10.1111/jph.70345","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jph.70345","url":null,"abstract":"<p><i>Ageratina altissima</i> is an ecosystem-disturbing invasive plant widely distributed in modified habitats across South Korea. In October 2025, leaf spot disease was observed on <i>A. altissima</i> in Bucheon and Guri, South Korea. The causal agent was identified as <i>Corynespora cassiicola</i> based on morphological characterization and a phylogenetic analysis of the ITS and LSU regions of the rDNA. The artificial inoculation of healthy <i>A. altissima</i> leaves resulted in symptom development, and the same fungus was reisolated, fulfilling Koch's postulates. This is the first global report of leaf spot caused by <i>C. cassiicola</i> on <i>A. altissima</i>.</p>","PeriodicalId":16843,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Phytopathology","volume":"174 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2026-06-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jph.70345","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148324232","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"From Known Association to Proven Aetiology: Penicillium expansum as Postharvest Pathogen on Carrot Roots in Serbia","authors":"Stefan Stošić,&nbsp;Danijela Ristić,&nbsp;Svetlana Živković","doi":"10.1111/jph.70343","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jph.70343","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Carrot is a widely cultivated root vegetable valued for its nutritional and health benefits. Carrot roots showing blue mould symptoms were collected from three locations in Serbia, and 11 fungal isolates were obtained. Representative isolates were identified using a polyphasic approach based on cultural characteristics on three media, at three incubation temperatures, multilocus sequence analysis of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS), beta-tubulin (<i>BenA</i>), calmodulin (<i>CaM</i>) and RNA polymerase II second largest subunit (<i>RPB2</i>), as well as phylogenetic analysis and pathogenicity test. BLASTn analysis showed 99.80–100% similarity with previously deposited sequences of <i>Penicillium expansum</i> for all analysed loci. Lesions developed on all inoculated roots within 7 days in pathogenicity assay. The combined results identified <i>P. expansum</i> as the causal agent of postharvest carrot root rot. Although this species has previously been associated with carrot spoilage, this study provides the first experimental verification of Koch's postulates worldwide, conclusively confirming <i>P. expansum</i> as a postharvest pathogen of carrot. Given its strong mycotoxigenic potential and broad host range, the occurrence of <i>P. expansum</i> on stored carrots represents a significant threat to both crop quality and food safety, highlighting the importance of routine postharvest monitoring and reliable, polyphasic diagnostic approaches.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":16843,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Phytopathology","volume":"174 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2026-06-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148282155","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clonostachys chloroleuca, a New Pathogen Causing Postharvest Mould of Chinese Yam (Dioscorea opposita) Tubers in Henan, China","authors":"Longlong Ma,&nbsp;Liqiong Jiang,&nbsp;Zhenyu Peng,&nbsp;Xuanzhang Li,&nbsp;Qingxiang Yang,&nbsp;Chaochuang Li","doi":"10.1111/jph.70337","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jph.70337","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Chinese yam (<i>Dioscorea opposita</i>) is an economically important tuber crop with both edible and medicinal values, and is extensively cultivated in China. Owing to its high nutritional content and high tuber moisture content, harvested yam tubers are susceptible to pathogen infection during postharvest storage. In a field survey conducted in Henan Province, China, a fungal isolate was obtained from mouldy yam tubers. Based on morphological characteristics and multi-gene phylogenetic analyses based on concatenated internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region, translation elongation factor 1-α (<i>tef1</i>) and β-tubulin (<i>tub2</i>) gene sequences, the pathogen was identified as <i>Clonostachys chloroleuca</i>. Subsequent pathogenicity assays demonstrated that inoculation of the representative isolate onto healthy yam tubers induced typical mould and decay symptoms consistent with those of natural infections, confirming that <i>C. chloroleuca</i> is the causal agent of yam tuber decay. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of <i>C. chloroleuca</i> causing decay on Chinese yam tubers in China. These findings will provide a scientific foundation for developing effective management strategies to control this postharvest disease.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":16843,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Phytopathology","volume":"174 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2026-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148237922","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"First Report of Neopestalotiopsis cubana Causing Fruit Rot on Postharvest Tomato in China","authors":"Zhiling Cao,&nbsp;Yihua Luo,&nbsp;Jiali Liang,&nbsp;Guoping Wang,&nbsp;Rong Zhang,&nbsp;Shujie Feng","doi":"10.1111/jph.70332","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jph.70332","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Tomato (<i>Solanum lycopersicum</i> L.) is a globally important vegetable crop, and postharvest diseases cause serious losses during storage and transportation. In recent years, fruit decay was observed on stored tomato fruits in Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China. Three fungal isolates (SL-NC1, SL-NC2, SL-NC3) were obtained and identified as <i>Neopestalotiopsis cubana</i> based on morphological characters and ITS-<i>TUB2</i>-<i>TEF1</i> multilocus phylogeny analysis. Pathogenicity tests confirmed that the three isolates could quickly infect tomatoes and induce fruit rot, fulfilling Koch's postulates. To our knowledge, this is the first report of <i>N. cubana</i> causing postharvest fruit rot in tomatoes.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":16843,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Phytopathology","volume":"174 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2026-06-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148173964","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Biological Agents and Their Derivatives as Suppressors of Southern Corn Leaf Blight","authors":"Leandra Gonçalves Franco,&nbsp;Ariany Rosa Gonçalves,&nbsp;Lorena Resende Oliveira,&nbsp;Adriano Stephan Nascente,&nbsp;Marta Cristina Corsi de Filippi","doi":"10.1111/jph.70326","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jph.70326","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Maize (<i>Zea mays</i> L.) is a globally important crop used for food, feed and industrial raw materials. However, fungal diseases, particularly southern corn leaf blight caused by <i>Bipolaris maydis</i>, lead to severe yield losses. As an alternative to fungicide treatments, this study aimed to identify bacterial isolates and their crude extracts with antagonistic potential against <i>B. maydis</i> and efficient suppression of southern corn leaf blight. The research comprised four experimental stages: (E1) dual-culture assays to select six antagonistic bacterial isolates; (E2) production of cell-free crude extracts to determine their antifungal properties; (E3) in vitro evaluation of the compatibility and combined effect of bacterial cells and crude extracts; and (E4) greenhouse experiments using the ‘Potiguar’ maize cultivar to assess disease severity reduction in vivo. In greenhouse trials, bacterial suspensions or crude extracts were sprayed on the foliage to run-off, simultaneously with <i>B. maydis</i> inoculation, followed by high-humidity incubation. Six isolates—<i>Bacillus velezensis</i>, <i>B. altitudinis</i>, <i>Pseudomonas putida</i>, <i>P. aeruginosa</i>, <i>Priestia megaterium</i> and a <i>Pantoea</i> sp. reduced the pathogen's colony area by at least 50% after 7 days of co-culture. Their crude extracts resulted in antibiosis, reducing colony area by 11.0% to 77.7%, while <i>Pantoea</i> sp. suppressed leaf blight severity by 28.2% in greenhouse conditions, and <i>P. aeruagina</i>'crude extract by 45.3%. These results contribute to developing sustainable alternatives for southern corn leaf blight management.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":16843,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Phytopathology","volume":"174 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148173763","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"First Confirmed Report of Corynespora cassiicola Causing Target Leaf Spot on Handroanthus serratifolius and Tabebuia rosea in Brazil","authors":"Ingryd Luzia de Farias Andrade,&nbsp;André Nunes de Oliveira,&nbsp;Ana Gabriele Gurgel Amaral,&nbsp;Kamila Câmara Correia,&nbsp;Rosana Blawid,&nbsp;Humberson Rocha Silva,&nbsp;Marcos Paz Saraiva Câmara,&nbsp;Sami Jorge Michereff","doi":"10.1111/jph.70329","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jph.70329","url":null,"abstract":"<p><i>Handroanthus serratifolius</i> (yellow lapacho) and <i>Tabebuia rosea</i> (pink poui) are forest species of ecological and economic importance in Brazil. In March 2023, leaves exhibiting target spot symptoms were collected from a forest nursery in São Lourenço da Mata, Pernambuco, Brazil. Fungal isolates were obtained and purified from the symptomatic tissue. Based on morphological characterization, multilocus phylogenetic analysis (<i>ITS</i>, <i>TEF-1α</i>, <i>TUB2</i> and <i>LSU</i>), and pathogenicity tests, the causal agent was identified as <i>Corynespora cassiicola</i>. This represents the first confirmed global report of <i>C. cassiicola</i> infecting <i>H. serratifolius</i> and <i>T. rosea</i> supported by molecular phylogeny.</p>","PeriodicalId":16843,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Phytopathology","volume":"174 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2026-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jph.70329","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148166922","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Transcriptomic Analysis Reveals the Effects of κ-Carrageenan Oligosaccharides on Tobacco Mosaic Virus Resistance","authors":"Guojie Sun,&nbsp;Xiaona Zhao,&nbsp;Haixin Hu,&nbsp;Pingping Zhang,&nbsp;Penyu Chen,&nbsp;Junyan Sun,&nbsp;Xiangyu Cong,&nbsp;Jiang Li","doi":"10.1111/jph.70324","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jph.70324","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Seaweed oligosaccharides exhibit multiple biological activities and act as novel plant growth regulators. Our previous research indicates that carrageenan oligosaccharides (COs) can effectively control tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) disease. To reveal the COs defence mechanisms against tobacco viruses, a transcriptomic analysis was performed to explore the potential antiviral pathways of κ-COs. Compared with the control group, the treated groups exhibited substantial delays in disease onset, and their disease indices also markedly decreased. After TMV inoculation, compared with the control group, the defence enzyme activities, such as those of superoxide dismutase, β-1,3-glucanase, and peroxidase, in the treated groups significantly increased. The expression levels of key genes related to the resistance-associated pathways, such as <i>Nicotiana rustica</i>-derived Tobacco Mosaic Virus Resistance Gene (NrCN) and Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase (MAPK), in the treated groups were higher than those in the untreated control group. In-depth gene sequencing revealed that a large number of genes and their corresponding metabolic pathways in treated groups showed extremely significant variations after inoculation with TMV. This study investigated the effective influence of COs on tobacco TMV resistance and examined the effects of carrageenan oligosaccharides on the metabolism of TMV-inoculated tobacco plants at the transcriptional level.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":16843,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Phytopathology","volume":"174 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2026-05-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148167018","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"When Does Fungicide Use Pay Off in Maize? Evidence From Low Foliar Disease Pressure Environments in Southern Brazil","authors":"Ricardo Gomes Tomáz,&nbsp;Dionathan Willian Lujan,&nbsp;Adriano Augusto de Paiva Custódio,&nbsp;Daniel Debona,&nbsp;Deoclécio Domingos Garbuglio,&nbsp;Emerson Medeiros Del Ponte","doi":"10.1111/jph.70330","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jph.70330","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Foliar fungicides are widely used in maize production in southern Brazil, yet their economic justification under low disease pressure remains uncertain. We synthesised yield and economic responses to a fungicide programme using a random-effects meta-analytic approach based on 19 multi-environment trials conducted across the first and second seasons between 2016 and 2020 in Paraná State, Brazil. Trials represented realistic, non-epidemic conditions in which multiple foliar diseases co-occurred at low to moderate intensities (0.02%–18.87%). A chemical treatment based on a three-way mixture (pyraclostrobin + epoxiconazole + mancozeb) was applied at the V8 and VT growth stages. Absolute and relative yield responses were calculated from paired treated and non-treated hybrid plots, and moderator effects of disease pressure and season were evaluated. Across the studies, we identified common rust, southern rust tropical rust, anthracnose leaf blight, southern corn leaf blight, grey leaf spot, Diplodia leaf streak, and northern corn leaf blight diseases. Fungicide application resulted in a significant yield benefit only when disease was present (&gt; 1.6% total disease severity), with an average difference of 835.5 kg ha⁻¹ (95% CI: 484.4–1186.6). Under disease nearly absent (≤ 1.6% disease severity), the yield response was small and highly uncertain (92.5 kg ha⁻¹; 95% CI: −239.1 to 424.2). Sensitivity analysis based on log response ratios indicated a relative yield difference of 10.1% (95% CI: 3.6%–17.0%) when disease was present, while effects across seasons were not statistically significant. Economic simulations showed a 99% probability of positive net return when disease was present compared with only 3% otherwise. Our findings indicate that routine fungicide use in maize is unlikely to be economically justified when disease was nearly absent even when modern premix formulations are applied. These results emphasise the importance of disease-informed decision-making and support targeted, rather than preventive, fungicide applications in maize grown under non-epidemic conditions.</p>","PeriodicalId":16843,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Phytopathology","volume":"174 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2026-05-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jph.70330","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148167020","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}