Felipe R. Garcés-Fiallos, Hayron Fabricio Canchignia-Martínez, Katherine Gissella Miranda-Clas, Nohely Valentina Bravo-Bravo, Joel Francisco Meza-Arteaga, Bryan Loja, Efrén Santos-Ordóñez
{"title":"Spatial–Temporal Colonisation of Cacao Stem Tissues by Lasiodiplodia laeliocattleyae","authors":"Felipe R. Garcés-Fiallos, Hayron Fabricio Canchignia-Martínez, Katherine Gissella Miranda-Clas, Nohely Valentina Bravo-Bravo, Joel Francisco Meza-Arteaga, Bryan Loja, Efrén Santos-Ordóñez","doi":"10.1111/jph.70116","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jph.70116","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Cacao (<i>Theobroma cacao</i> L.) is a key tropical crop, but dieback has become an emerging threat, with <i>Lasiodiplodia</i> species identified as causal agents. In Ecuador, <i>L. laeliocattleyae</i> has been reported as responsible for dieback and pod rot in the CCN-51 cacao clone. However, its colonisation dynamics in stem tissues remain unclear. This study aimed to investigate the spatial–temporal colonisation of <i>L. laeliocattleyae</i> in CCN-51 cacao stems. Seedlings were inoculated with virulent pathogen strains LT1A and LT2A, and vascular necrosis was evaluated at 1, 25, and 50 days after inoculation (DAI). Dieback incidence was assessed at 50 DAI. Our results showed that both isolates caused 100% seedling mortality, with LT2A inducing more intense symptoms. Vascular necrosis increased over time and was significantly more intense in the basipetal region than in the acropetal region, suggesting a downward colonisation pattern. The LT2A strain caused more significant necrosis in vascular tissues than LT1A, particularly at 50 DAI. A significant interaction between strain and stem region was observed only on the first day after inoculation. Both strains exhibited similar colonisation rates in stem tissues over time. These findings provide new insights into the colonisation dynamics of <i>L. laeliocattleyae</i>, suggesting the possible involvement of the phloem or a migration strategy toward the soil. Understanding this process is critical for developing management strategies against <i>Lasiodiplodia</i>-induced dieback in cacao plants. Future studies should employ biochemical, microscopic, and molecular techniques to elucidate further the mechanisms underlying the pathogen's colonisation patterns.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":16843,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Phytopathology","volume":"173 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2025-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144598552","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ana Carolina Lyra Brumat, Celso Garcia Auer, Dauri José Tessmann, Caroline de Bastos Bührer, Henrique da Silva Silveira Duarte, Álvaro Figueredo dos Santos
{"title":"Ilyonectria Species Associated With Tree Decline in Pinus taeda in Brazil","authors":"Ana Carolina Lyra Brumat, Celso Garcia Auer, Dauri José Tessmann, Caroline de Bastos Bührer, Henrique da Silva Silveira Duarte, Álvaro Figueredo dos Santos","doi":"10.1111/jph.70120","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jph.70120","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Characteristic symptoms of decline were observed in 10-year-old <i>Pinus taeda</i> (loblolly pine) trees in plantations located in the state of Santa Catarina, in the humid subtropical south of Brazil. Aboveground, we observed needle chlorosis, followed by drying and shortening of needles, formation of tufts on branch tips, and death of the canopy at a more advanced stage. In the root system, there was a reduction in the volume of secondary roots, the absence of ectomycorrhizae, and some external necrotic lesions. This study aimed to identify the pathogenic fungi associated with the decline. Roots and soil from symptomatic trees were collected to isolate pathogenic fungi. Molecular characterisation of the isolates was carried out by sequencing the ITS region and partial HIS3 and TEF1 genes; morphological characterisation of conidiophores and conidia was also conducted. Seven isolates were identified, belonging to the species <i>Ilyonectria leucospermi</i> (<i>n</i> = 2), <i>I. protearum</i> (<i>n</i> = 2), <i>I. robusta</i> (<i>n</i> = 2), and <i>I. vredenhoekensis</i> (<i>n</i> = 1). Koch's postulates were fulfilled for the pathogenic characterisation of the isolates on <i>P. taeda</i> seedlings. This study is the first to report these pathogens causing disease in <i>P. taeda</i> worldwide, and it demonstrated their association with the decline of pine trees in Brazil.</p>","PeriodicalId":16843,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Phytopathology","volume":"173 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2025-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jph.70120","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144598553","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mariam H. Al-Helu, Adnan A. Lahuf, Zuhair M. A. Jeddoa, Zhongtian Xu, Junmin Li
{"title":"First Report of Cotton Leaf Curl Gezira Alphasatellite and Okra Leaf Curl Alphasatellite Infecting Okra (Abelmoschus esculentus) in Iraq","authors":"Mariam H. Al-Helu, Adnan A. Lahuf, Zuhair M. A. Jeddoa, Zhongtian Xu, Junmin Li","doi":"10.1111/jph.70125","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jph.70125","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Okra (<i>Abelmoschus esculentus</i> L. Moench) is a widely cultivated vegetable crop, yet highly susceptible to viral infections. During the 2023 growing season, a field survey in Al-Yusufiyah, Baghdad, Iraq, revealed typical viral symptoms in okra, with a 30% disease incidence and high whitefly (<i>Bemisia tabaci</i>) infestation. Thirty symptomatic samples underwent molecular analysis, including RNA extraction and high-throughput sequencing. Bioinformatics and BLASTx analysis identified a begomovirus complex consisting of Cotton leaf curl Gezira virus (CLCuGV), its associated betasatellite (CLCuGB), alphasatellite (CLCuGA), and Okra leaf curl alphasatellite (OLCuA), with 98%–99% identity to regional isolates. PCR and transmission assays confirmed infectivity and symptom reproduction in okra. This study reports, for the first time in Iraq, okra as a natural host for CLCuGV and CLCuGB, alongside the presence of CLCuGA and OLCuA. These findings provide critical insight into the viral disease complex affecting okra and highlight the need for effective virus management strategies in Iraqi agriculture.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":16843,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Phytopathology","volume":"173 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2025-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144598556","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Xinyu Zhang, Hang Dong, Jinghao Yang, Zhenglong Lu, Liang Gong, Lei Zhang
{"title":"A Multi-Disease Detection Method for Paddy Rice Based on Enhancing Detection Transformer With ConvNeXt-DAM-FFNet Refinement","authors":"Xinyu Zhang, Hang Dong, Jinghao Yang, Zhenglong Lu, Liang Gong, Lei Zhang","doi":"10.1111/jph.70106","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jph.70106","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Global food security is seriously threatened by paddy rice diseases, which reduce annual yields in important growing regions. Real-world field circumstances with complex background interference provide significant obstacles for automated detection systems. Based on the Detection with Transformer methodology, this study offers a unique framework for the identification of plant diseases. Utilising the strong ConvNeXt architecture improves feature extraction, a suggested feature fusion network optimises cross-level contextual integration, and a deformable attention mechanism permits adaptive spatial localization. The Transformer architecture's structural changes improve the precision of detection. To improve generality, a new optimizer is used to update the model parameters. The Hard-Swish activation function is also included to improve the model's overall performance by fortifying its capacity to handle nonlinear features. Under varying illumination and occlusion conditions, the experimental evaluation shows superior detection performance with 80.0% precision, 83.2% recall and 81.6% F1-score with 61.5% mAP on a real field-collected dataset with 1200 images of four critical paddy rice diseases (bacterial panicle blight, blast, dead heart and hispa). Compared to the baseline model, it shows improvements of 9.3%, 11.9%, 10.6% and 5.5%, respectively. With potential uses in automating agricultural inspection procedures, this study provides a practical and efficient approach for identifying a variety of plant diseases in outdoor settings.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":16843,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Phytopathology","volume":"173 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2025-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144582209","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Zaryab Khalid Sial, Shabnum Shaheen, Riffat Siddique, Modhi O. Alotaibi, Sana Khalid, Romisha Sonia, Sayyara Ibadullayeva, Muhammad Zafar, Anwer Usma, Javid Ojaghi
{"title":"First Report of Potato Spindle Tuber Viroid in Vegetative Capsicum annum and Its Effect on Host Metabolites","authors":"Zaryab Khalid Sial, Shabnum Shaheen, Riffat Siddique, Modhi O. Alotaibi, Sana Khalid, Romisha Sonia, Sayyara Ibadullayeva, Muhammad Zafar, Anwer Usma, Javid Ojaghi","doi":"10.1111/jph.70122","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jph.70122","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>In recent years, Potato spindle tuber viroid (PSTVd), a member of the genus Pospiviroid, has been increasingly detected in a wide range of vegetatively propagated and ornamental plant species. This pilot study was conducted to detect the presence of PSTVd in <i>Capsicum annuum</i> L. (chilli) plants and to analyse the volatile organic compounds (VOCs) emitted by infected plants using gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS). Field surveys were carried out in various nurseries located in Pattoki, District Kasur, Pakistan, to identify symptomatic chilli plants exhibiting leaf curling, yellowing and spindle-shaped deformities. Suspected samples were collected from multiple nursery sites, encompassing a range of developmental stages from recently grafted seedlings to fruit-bearing plants. For molecular diagnostics, a modified Trizol-based RNA extraction protocol was employed to enhance efficiency and conserve reagents. Total RNA from symptomatic leaves was reverse transcribed to cDNA and subjected to sequencing. Sequence analysis revealed that 75 out of 100 samples exhibited up to 99% sequence similarity with known PSTVd isolates in GenBank, with the predominant local isolate submitted under accession number MK977647. Comparative analysis suggests that the introduction and spread of PSTVd in chilli crops may be associated with proximity to infected ornamental species (e.g., MN055490) and Solanaceous crops such as potato and tomato. As far as we are aware, this study provides the first documented evidence of PSTVd infection in chilli plants in Pakistan. These findings underscore the necessity for continued surveillance and the development of integrated management strategies to mitigate the spread of this economically significant viroid in vegetatively propagated crops.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":16843,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Phytopathology","volume":"173 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2025-07-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144573654","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"First Report of Colletotrichum nymphaeae Causing Leaf Spot on Polygonatum kingianum in China","authors":"Yanqiu Qin, Lina Wei, Xiaojuan Wei, Xiaoshan Zhou, Yi Li, Shunjiang Chen, Zhiping Zhang","doi":"10.1111/jph.70114","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jph.70114","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Huang-jing (<i>Polygonatum kingianum</i>), an important herb in traditional Chinese medicine, is susceptible to anthracnose, a destructive foliar disease caused by <i>Colletotrichum</i> spp. In September 2020, irregular brown leaf spots were observed on <i>P. kingianum</i> plants in Yunnan Province, China. A <i>Colletotrichum</i> isolate was identified from the infected leaves, and its morphological features matched <i>Colletotrichum nymphaeae</i>. The fungus was further confirmed using molecular techniques, with gene sequences showing 99.27% to 100% homology to known <i>C. nymphaeae</i> strains. A pathogenicity test demonstrated that the fungus caused anthracnose symptoms in plants. This study represents the first report of <i>C. nymphaeae</i> causing anthracnose in <i>P. kingianum</i> in China, providing essential baseline data to inform future development of disease management strategies for this medicinal species.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":16843,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Phytopathology","volume":"173 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2025-07-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144573485","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Gulnoza K. Toshpulatova, Sayfulla G. Boboyev, Muhammad Zafar, Salman Majeed, Ahmed Noureldeen, Motirh Al-Mutairi, Salman Aloufi, Mohammed Alqurashi, Trobjon Makhkamov, Muhammad Rizwan Khan, Fakhr ul Islam, Jonida Biturku
{"title":"Interspecific Hybridization for Enhancing Wilt Resistance in Cotton: A Genetic Approach Against Verticillium and Fusarium Wilts","authors":"Gulnoza K. Toshpulatova, Sayfulla G. Boboyev, Muhammad Zafar, Salman Majeed, Ahmed Noureldeen, Motirh Al-Mutairi, Salman Aloufi, Mohammed Alqurashi, Trobjon Makhkamov, Muhammad Rizwan Khan, Fakhr ul Islam, Jonida Biturku","doi":"10.1111/jph.70109","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jph.70109","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Soil-borne pathogens, particularly <i>Verticillium dahliae</i> and <i>Fusarium oxysporum</i> f. sp. <i>vasinfectum</i> (FOV), represent a major constraint to global cotton (<i>Gossypium</i> spp.) production by inducing devastating wilt diseases. This study aimed to enhance cotton's resistance to these pathogens through intergenomic hybridization. Utilising elite cultivars (<i>Gossypium hirsutum</i> cv. Omad, <i>G. barbadense</i> cv. Termez-31) and the amphidiploid K-28, wild Gossypium germplasm (<i>G. thurberi</i>, <i>G. raimondii</i>) were introgressed into cultivated cotton to develop tetraploid (4×) and pentaploid (5×) hybrids. Resistance was evaluated through standardised inoculation under both controlled and field conditions (2022–2024). Key findings demonstrated that backcross progenies K-28 × Omad (O-117-125/18 and O-87-91/18) exhibited the highest resistance, with total infection rates of 10.5% and severe symptom rates of 2.5%–3.5%, significantly outperforming the control variety C-4727 (36.8% total infection). Notably, lines SP-1303 and T-1379 displayed broad-spectrum resistance against all five <i>V. dahliae</i> races, underscoring the efficacy of wild-species-derived resistance genes. The persistence of susceptibility in hybrids carrying the wilt-prone parent C-4727 (e.g., O-132-141/18: 29.5% infection) highlighted the crucial role of parental genotype selection. C-4727 is a high-yielding but Fusarium and Verticillium wilt-susceptible <i>G. hirsutum</i> cultivar, which has been widely used in breeding programs due to its agronomic potential despite its vulnerability to vascular wilt pathogens. Statistical analyses confirmed the dominance and heritability of resistance traits in introgressive lines, with low coefficients of variation (CV), which represent the ratio of the standard deviation to the mean (expressed as a percentage), ranging from 10.2% to 27.8%. This study establishes intergenomic hybridization as an effective breeding strategy for introgressing wilt resistance from wild <i>Gossypium</i> species into cultivated cotton. Resistant hybrids, particularly those incorporating the amphidiploid K-28, offer promising avenues for future breeding programs aimed at improving cotton's resilience against soil-borne pathogens.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":16843,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Phytopathology","volume":"173 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144524811","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"First Report of Colletotrichum atlanticum Associated With Anthracnose of Torch Ginger (Etlingera elatior) in Southern Thailand","authors":"Dusit Athinuwat, Nakarin Suwannarach, Jaturong Kumla, Prisana Wonglom, Anurag Sunpapao","doi":"10.1111/jph.70117","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jph.70117","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Torch ginger (<i>Etlingera elatior</i>), a herbaceous plant in the family Zingiberaceae, is commonly cultivated in the tropical climate of southern Thailand. However, its cultivation faces significant challenges from anthracnose, a destructive disease caused by the <i>Colletotrichum</i> genus. This study aimed to identify and characterise <i>Colletotrichum</i> species associated with anthracnose on torch ginger. Field surveys were conducted in a major torch ginger-growing area in Phatthalung Province, southern Thailand, and symptomatic flower samples were collected for pathogen isolation and identification. Fungal isolates were subjected to pathogenicity tests, revealing that five isolates—EeR01.1, EeR01.2, EeR02.1, EeR02.2 and EeW01—caused symptoms similar to those observed in natural infections. The fungi were re-isolated, and their morphological characteristics matched those of <i>Colletotrichum</i>. Morphological characteristics, coupled with DNA sequences of actin (<i>act</i>), calmodulin (<i>cal</i>), glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (<i>gapdh</i>), internal transcribed spacer (ITS) and β-tubulin2 (<i>tub2</i>) regions identified five isolates as <i>Colletotrichum atlanticum</i>. Based on the results of this study, this is the first report of torch ginger as a new host of <i>C. atlanticum</i> in Thailand. This research highlights the precise diagnosis of pathogens and the necessity to find effective disease management strategies to control anthracnose on torch ginger production in southern Thailand.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":16843,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Phytopathology","volume":"173 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144524965","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Exploring Bacterial Endophytes as Potential Biocontrol Agents Against Aspergillus parasiticus Colonisation and Aflatoxin Contamination in Maize","authors":"Ganapathy Sivakaame, Theerthagiri Anand, Vaikuntavasan Paranidharan, Govindasamy Senthilraja, Chinnapaiyan Vanitha","doi":"10.1111/jph.70119","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jph.70119","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Aflatoxin is one of the most deleterious types of mycotoxins commonly found in maize. Using native endophytic bacteria to control phytopathogens can be a successful strategy for managing plant diseases. A total of 26 endophytic bacterial strains were isolated from different parts of maize plants and their efficacy tested against the mycelial growth of highly toxigenic <i>Aspergillus parasiticus</i> Asp23. Among the endophytic isolates, EPL2 and EPL3 showed the highest inhibition (51.1% inhibition over control after 7 days of co-culture) followed by EPR2, EPR4 and EPC1. All effective bacterial isolates were tentatively identified by 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis and homology analysis with the NCBI nucleotide database using BLAST search. A detoxification assay indicated that endophytic bacterial isolates EPR2, EPL2 and EPL3 were superior in detoxifying both aflatoxin B1 and B2. Furthermore, we demonstrated the antifungal mechanisms of endophytic bacteria, such as the production of extracellular lytic enzymes, antifungal volatiles and siderophores. Finally, the effect of endophytic bacterial isolates EPL3, EPR2 and EPC2 was tested against <i>A. parasiticus</i> and aflatoxin contamination in maize grains in vivo. The results revealed that there was a significant reduction in colonisation of <i>A. parasiticus</i> and the lowest population was recorded in EPL3-treated maize grains, followed by EPR2. Similarly, the endophyte EPL3 showed the highest reduction in aflatoxin levels of 94.8% (to 23.05 ppb), followed by EPR2 (94.4% reduction to 24.71 ppb), whereas in the untreated control the aflatoxin level was 445.37 ppb. This study demonstrated that endophytic bacteria isolated from maize could be a successful biocontrol source to suppress <i>Aspergillus</i> growth and reduce aflatoxin contamination in maize grains.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":16843,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Phytopathology","volume":"173 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144524966","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Phytophthora palmivora as a Causal Pathogen of Stem Canker and Fruit Rot of Durio zibethinus in China","authors":"Ganggang Dong, Mingshuo Xue, Shenghua Xie, Xuejie Feng, Xianghong Li, Zaifeng Fan","doi":"10.1111/jph.70089","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jph.70089","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Durian (<i>Durio zibethinus</i> L.) is a high-value tropical seasonal fruit and an important cash crop in Southeast Asia. Durian introduction trials have been conducted in Hainan Province, China, and the first durian plantations have been established in recent years. However, the high temperature and humidity in Hainan Province favour plant diseases, severely affecting durian yield and quality. From July 2023 to June 2024, a disease survey was conducted in 21 durian orchards across six regions on southern Hainan Island, revealing that the primary diseases affecting durian were stem canker (black-head), fruit rot, and root rot. The main symptoms are stem necrotic blotch, brown root rot, and water-soaked fruit rot, which in severe cases can cause poor growth or extensive dieback of the durian tree. The causal pathogens were identified through morphological, molecular, and pathogenicity analyses. A total of 40 isolates were isolated from diseased durian fruits (30 isolates) and stems (10 isolates), exhibiting morphological characteristics similar to <i>Phytophthora</i> species. Further identification of the isolates was conducted using a combined dataset of ITS, <i>tef-1α</i> and <i>CoxI</i>, revealing that all the isolates belonged to <i>Phytophthora palmivora</i>. Pathogenicity tests confirmed <i>P. palmivora</i> as the pathogenic agent causing durian stem canker and fruit rot in Hainan Province. This study demonstrates that <i>P. palmivora</i> is the major causal agent of durian stem canker and fruit rot in China, providing a basis for improved durian disease identification and management.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":16843,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Phytopathology","volume":"173 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144524967","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}