Journal of Phytopathology最新文献

{"title":"A Novel Strawberry Disease Associated With Leaf Spot, Crown Rot, and Root Rot Caused by Neopestalotiopsis rosae in Italy","authors":"Stefania Mirela Mang,&nbsp;Ippolito Camele,&nbsp;Carmine Palmieri,&nbsp;Carmine Marcone","doi":"10.1111/jph.70071","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jph.70071","url":null,"abstract":"<p>In the spring of 2023 in Eboli and Caserta (Campania, southern Italy), strawberry plants (var. Marimbella) grown in organic open fields showed an outbreak of a severe and unprecedented decline (disease incidence reaching &gt; 80%) associated with root rot, crown rot, and leaf spot and closely resembling symptoms reported previously in other countries for <i>Neopestalotiopsis</i> spp. infection. Therefore, the present study was undertaken with the aim of determining the aetiology of this serious disease. Fungal isolates were obtained from symptomatic strawberry plants and investigated in detail for molecular identification. Phylogenetic analysis was conducted by amplifying and sequencing three DNA barcodes: the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region of rDNA, the β-tubulin (<i>tub2</i>) partial gene, and the translation elongation factor 1α (<i>tef1</i>) partial gene. Symptoms observed in the field were replicated in pathogenicity tests, conducted by inoculating strawberry (var. Marimbella) leaves, fruits and plants, thus satisfying Koch's postulates. Phylogenetic analyses identified the causal agent as <i>Neopestalotiopsis rosae</i>. To our knowledge, this is the first report of the emerging and serious fungal pathogen <i>N</i>. <i>rosae</i> infecting strawberry in Italy.</p>","PeriodicalId":16843,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Phytopathology","volume":"173 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jph.70071","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144135547","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Alternaria alternata Causing Leaf Spot on Sophora alopecuroides in China","authors":"Yufei Gou,&nbsp;Manmei Wu,&nbsp;Hong Zhang,&nbsp;Shuhua Wei,&nbsp;Jianli Liu","doi":"10.1111/jph.70082","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jph.70082","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p><i>Sophora alopecuroides</i> is a medicinal herb with high alkaloid content that is crucial in sand fixation in northwest China. In September 2023, a leaf spot disease was detected on wild <i>S. alopecuroides</i> growing in semi-arid steppe in Yanchi county (Ningxia, China). Based on morphological features and <i>tef1</i>, <i>gapdh</i> and <i>rpb2</i> sequence analysis, the representative isolates obtained from the leaf spots (H3 and H4) were identified as <i>Alternaria alternata</i>. Koch's postulates for pathogenicity tests were completed on <i>S. alopecuroides</i> seedlings. To our knowledge, this is the first report of <i>A. alternata</i> causing leaf spot on <i>S. alopecuroides</i> in China.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":16843,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Phytopathology","volume":"173 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144100608","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Malate Synthase Gene Regulates Vegetative Growth, Spore Germination, Toxin Production, Pathogenicity and Sensitivity to Fungicides in Fusarium graminearum","authors":"Tongyu Hao,&nbsp;Huiming Li,&nbsp;Xuelian Duan,&nbsp;Yikai Zhang,&nbsp;Jia Jiang,&nbsp;Le Qian,&nbsp;Shengming Liu","doi":"10.1111/jph.70081","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jph.70081","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p><i>Fusarium graminearum</i> is a fungal pathogen that causes Fusarium head blight (FHB) in wheat. The glyoxylate cycle serves as an essential complement to the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle, critically regulating cellular energy homeostasis and fungal virulence biosynthesis. Nevertheless, the biological functions of glyoxylate cycle-related genes and their regulatory mechanisms in <i>F. graminearum</i> pathogenesis require systematic characterisation. The <i>FgMS</i> knockout mutant <i>ΔFgMS</i> and complemented strain <i>ΔFgMS-C</i> were generated from wild-type <i>F. graminearum</i> strain AY1801 using targeted gene replacement. Compared with AY1801 and <i>ΔFgMS-C</i>, several significant defects were observed in <i>ΔFgMS</i>, which include a reduced growth rate, decreased sporulation, weakened spore germination, diminished virulence, lower toxin production, increased sensitivity to cell wall stress, and reduced sensitivity to carbendazim, pydiflumetofen, difenoconazole, tebuconazole and phenamacril. The dynamic <i>FgMS</i> expression patterns during distinct developmental stages and infection phases were determined by qRT-PCR. <i>FgMS</i> was expressed at a high level during the spore stage. In addition, its expression level increased rapidly as the infection progressed. These findings demonstrate that <i>FgMS</i> is indispensable for vegetative growth, spore formation and germination, virulence and toxin production in <i>F. graminearum</i>.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":16843,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Phytopathology","volume":"173 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144100656","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"LCNFN: LeNet-Cascade Neuro-Fuzzy Network for Grape Leaf Disease Segmentation and Multi-Classification","authors":"Gopinath Selvaraj,&nbsp;Smitha Vas Puthenkaleelkal,&nbsp;Parivazhagan Alaguchamy,&nbsp;S. Thiru Nirai Senthil","doi":"10.1111/jph.70061","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jph.70061","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Grapes are the most productive fruit; however, they are at risk for a greater number of diseases. Grapes are one of the finest popular fruits and prime things for wine production; consequently, their relent and grape quality are of extensive monetary value. Nevertheless, the grape leaves are vulnerable to several diseases, which are affected by weather conditions and their atmosphere, and they are majorly affected by fungi, viruses and bacteria. Moreover, diverse conventional approaches have neglected to classify grape leaf disease. To subdue this gap, an effectual module is presented for the multi-classification of grape leaf disease utilising the LeNet-Cascade Neuro-Fuzzy Network (LCNFN). The original image of the grape leaf is filtered by applying a Laplacian filter and region of interest (ROI) extraction. The black spot segmentation is performed by Black Hole Entropic Fuzzy Clustering (BHEFC), and then feature extraction is progressed. Thus, multi-classification is performed with LCNFN, which is classified into Isariopsis leaf spot, black spot, black measles and healthy. The measures used for LCNFN are accuracy, sensitivity and specified observed 89.6%, 91% and 91.2%, respectively.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":16843,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Phytopathology","volume":"173 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144100655","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Leaf Spot and Stem Canker of Pistachio Trees Incited by Xanthomonas Strains","authors":"Maryam Khorasani,&nbsp;Akbar Hosseinipour,&nbsp;Omid Shenavar,&nbsp;Heshmat Rahimian","doi":"10.1111/jph.70078","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jph.70078","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Pistachio (<i>Pistacia vera</i>) is the major and economically most important nut crop in Iran, and the country ranks among the top three global producers, alongside the United States and Turkey. A bacterial leaf spot and stem canker disease has been observed on the seedlings and bearing trees of pistachio in southeastern Iran in recent years. The associated bacteria produced yellow, circular, convex, mucoid colonies on agar media and exhibited phenotypic characteristics typical of the genus <i>Xanthomonas</i>. Based on phenotypic characteristics and multilocus sequence analysis (MLSA) of the <i>gyrB</i> and <i>rpoD</i> gene sequences, the strains were classified into two main groups. The representative isolate of the first group was closely affiliated with <i>X. arboricola</i> and clustered with the pathovars thereof. The isolates of group two displayed their highest affiliation to <i>X. hortorum</i> and clustered with its existing pathovars. All the isolates tested were pathogenic and produced leaf spot and canker on the seedlings of pistachio cultivars and elicited a hypersensitive reaction on <i>Pelargonium</i> × <i>hortorum</i> leaves.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":16843,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Phytopathology","volume":"173 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144085361","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Hybrid Residual Wide-Kernel Auto-Encoder With Vision Transformer for Plant Disease Detection","authors":"Vamsidhar Enireddy,&nbsp;J. Anitha,&nbsp;N. Mahendra,&nbsp;G. Kishore","doi":"10.1111/jph.70077","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jph.70077","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Plant disease diagnosis is an important aspect of managing and producing crops. Recent developments in deep-learning models provide robust performance in detecting plant disease with improved accuracy. Several methods have been devised to detect plant disease, but inaccurate disease detection and computational complexity still limit the performance. Hence, this work proposes a hybrid residual wide-kernel auto-encoder with a vision transformer (HRWKAE-VT) for Plant disease detection. The images are collected from the plant disease dataset, and pre-processing is employed based on resizing and augmentation. Then, the dimension of the leaf images is decreased by using the proposed residual wide-kernel convolutional auto-encoder. Subsequently, the healthy and unhealthy leaves are categorised by the proposed Vision transformer-based deep-learning (VT-DL) model. The VT-DL model contains an alternating multiple-head self-attention layer and a multiple-layer perceptron (MLP) block for extracting local and global features. The performance of the proposed work is evaluated over the existing models in terms of accuracy, precision, recall, f-measure and prediction loss. The proposed model achieves 99.89% accuracy and a specificity of 98.72% on the plant disease dataset. It is observed that the performance of the proposed model improved over the conventional approaches with reduced loss of prediction.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":16843,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Phytopathology","volume":"173 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144085360","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sordaria macrospora: A New Fungal Pathogen Causing Leaf Tip and Shoot Blight on Olive (Olea europaea L.)","authors":"Berfin Kılınç,&nbsp;Mehmet Ertuğrul Güldür,&nbsp;Şahimerdan Türkölmez,&nbsp;Saleh S. Alhewairini,&nbsp;Jayanthi Barasarathi,&nbsp;Murat Dikilitas,&nbsp;Riyaz Sayyed","doi":"10.1111/jph.70076","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jph.70076","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Olive is a perennial tree able to grow and survive in Mediterranean conditions due to its climate adaptations. In this study, we observed a new disease characterised by leaf tip blight, shoot blight, and dieback in olive trees in the Southeast Anatolian region of Türkiye. Six fungal isolates were obtained from the symptomatic trees. Classical methods based on macroscopic and microscopic observations revealed that the isolates were similar to <i>Sordaria macrospora</i>. Total DNA was isolated and PCR-amplified with primer pairs for the <i>ITS</i>, <i>LSU</i>, <i>β-tubulin,</i> and <i>Tef-1α</i> gene regions, and the resulting sequences were BLASTed in the NCBI database. The similarity was 99%–100% to isolates of <i>S. macrospora</i>. The similarity of the pathogen to other <i>Sordaria</i> spp. isolates was determined by constructing a phylogenetic tree using MEGA X software and the neighbour-joining method. Out of six isolates, one representative isolate was selected for subsequent studies. In pathogenicity tests on 2-year-old olive seedlings, blight was observed starting from the tips of leaves and shoots to the base, and the pathogen was successfully reisolated, fulfilling Koch's postulates. This is the first report of <i>S. macrospora</i> acting as a pathogen in olive trees.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":16843,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Phytopathology","volume":"173 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143949863","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"First Worldwide Report of Fusarium pernambucanum Causing Postharvest Fruit Rot on Citrullus lanatus","authors":"Maria Tereza de Albuquerque e Nascimento,&nbsp;Andréia Mitsa Paiva Negreiros,&nbsp;Allinny Luzia Alves Cavalcante,&nbsp;Dariane Monteiro Viana,&nbsp;Dayanna Milca Santos de Souza,&nbsp;Cynthia Patrícia de Sousa Santos Alves,&nbsp;Sami Jorge Michereff,&nbsp;Kamila Câmara Correia,&nbsp;Rui Sales Júnior","doi":"10.1111/jph.70075","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jph.70075","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Watermelon is grown in Brazil for domestic consumption and export. In March 2022, asymptomatic watermelon fruits were collected in a commercial field located in Apodi, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil. Fruits were placed in a humid chamber, and the fungal isolates were isolated from the peduncle. The isolates were purified, and through a combination of morphological examinations, phylogenetic analysis using <i>TEF-1α</i> and <i>RPB2</i> sequence data, and pathogenicity tests, the causal agent was identified as <i>Fusarium pernambucanum</i>. This is the first worldwide report of <i>F. pernambucanum</i> causing postharvest fruit rot in watermelon.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":16843,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Phytopathology","volume":"173 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143949864","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bioactive Compounds From Swertia kingie Hook. f.: A Promising Resource for Innovative Crop Disease Management Under Changing Environmental Conditions","authors":"Ayesha Hameed,&nbsp;Muhammad Zafar,&nbsp;Salman Majeed,&nbsp;Eman Alhomaidi,&nbsp;Trobjon Makhkamov,&nbsp;Nasibakhon Naraliyeva,&nbsp;Rustamjon Allaberdiev,&nbsp;Sayfulla Boboyev,&nbsp;Zulunov Islom,&nbsp;Adnan Amin","doi":"10.1111/jph.70067","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jph.70067","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p><i>Swertia</i> is the diverse genus of herbs, belonging to family Gentianaceae. Round about 170 species are distributed cosmopolitanly and widely in subtropical and temperate regions. Some <i>Swertia</i> species are traditionally used in the treatment of diabetes, inflammation, malaria, fever, hepatitis, gastric, liver and other ailments. The aim of the study was to evaluate the phytochemical and pharmacological uses of <i>Swertia</i> species with special emphasis on <i>Swertia kingie</i> Hook. f. (SK). <i>S. kingie</i> is the ethno-medicinally important herb as previously no literature regarding the therapeutic potential was recorded. Extraction was carried out using five different solvents. Phytochemical and antioxidant activities were determined calorimetrically. The antidiabetic potential was evaluated using the α-amylase inhibition assay, cytotoxicity was assessed through the brine shrimp lethality assay, and anti-leishmanial activity was determined via the MTT assay. A considerable amount of phenolic and flavonoid contents was identified in methanol extract (SKM) 95.76 mg GAE/mg and 86.69 mg QE/mg respectively. All the extracts show substantial antioxidant potential while the maximum DPPH (IC₅₀ 19.6 μg/mL), total antioxidant capacity (90.60%) and total reducing power (94.44%) activity were noticed in SKM. Potential antibacterial and antifungal activities are reported for <i>S. kingie</i> extracts. Significant protein kinase, alpha amylase inhibition, and cytotoxic activity using brine shrimps (LC₅₀ 3.35 μg/mL) were revealed. Dose-dependent cytotoxic activity was exposed against <i>Leishmania tropica</i> (88.65%) using different concentrations (6–250 μg/mL) were calculated. The bioactive compounds extracted from <i>Swertia kingie</i> exhibit significant antimicrobial and cytotoxic properties, making them potential candidates for developing eco-friendly biopesticides against phytopathogenic fungi and bacteria. Their antioxidant and protein kinase inhibition activities suggest a role in enhancing plant defence mechanisms, offering a sustainable approach to disease management in crops.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":16843,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Phytopathology","volume":"173 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143944563","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Antifungal Properties and Mode of Action of Boric Acid Against Geotrichum candidum From Xiaozhou Mustard Tuber Sour Rot","authors":"Jianping Ye,&nbsp;Jinjie Wu,&nbsp;Yan Ning,&nbsp;Tianrong Guo,&nbsp;Qiqian Wu,&nbsp;Yiwei Mo","doi":"10.1111/jph.70073","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jph.70073","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Sour rot, a prevalent Xiaozhou mustard (<i>Brassica napiformis</i>) tuber disease caused by <i>Geotrichum candidum</i>, results in significant losses during pre- and postharvest periods. Boric acid (BA) is recognised for its safety and environmental compatibility, exhibiting a broad spectrum of antibacterial and antifungal properties. In this study, BA demonstrated significant antifungal efficacy against <i>G. candidum</i> both in vitro and in vivo. The in vitro results demonstrated that 4.0 g/L BA treatment entirely inhibited spore germination and mycelial growth. Meanwhile, 2.0 g/L BA treatment compromised cell and mitochondrial membrane integrity, reduced Na⁺-K⁺ ATPase and Ca²⁺-Mg²⁺ ATPase activities, lowered ATP content and energy charge, decreased total lipid and ergosterol levels and induced intracellular reactive oxygen species accumulation. Moreover, in vivo experiments revealed that immersing postharvest tuber slices in 8.0 g/L BA solution for 10 min inhibited decay completely. Overall, the results indicate that the selected BA concentrations are real alternatives to fungicides for controlling <i>G. candidum</i> in Xiaozhou mustard.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":16843,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Phytopathology","volume":"173 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143944774","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}