Journal of Phytopathology最新文献

{"title":"Preparation of Water-Soluble Formulations From Industrial Clove Waste and Their Antifungal Activities Against Powdery Mildew (Oidium mangiferae) and Post-Harvest Anthracnose (Colletotrichum gloeosporioides) of Mango","authors":"Ranapratap Raut,&nbsp;Lalit Mahatma,&nbsp;Ravikumar Vaniya","doi":"10.1111/jph.70176","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jph.70176","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Industrial clove waste (ICW), a plant-based byproduct of the clove processing industry, contains various chemical compounds with potential antifungal, insect-repellent and antimicrobial properties. The chemical composition of industrial clove waste was analysed using GC-MS, which revealed benzyl benzoate as the major constituent (96.30%). Water-soluble formulations were prepared by mixing industrial clove waste with different adjuvants. Among these, three formulations—ICW (50%) + Tween 80 (30%) + water (20%), ICW (60%) + Tween 80 (20%) + water (20%) and ICW (70%) + Tween 80 (10%) + water (20%) were found to be water-soluble. The ICW 50% water-soluble formulation met the WHO specifications for pesticide emulsifiable concentrate formulations in terms of physical parameters and was selected for further studies. Phytotoxicity tests revealed no adverse effects on the vegetative and flowering flush of mango plants. Field trials showed that the 1.0% concentration of the ICW 50% formulation significantly reduced powdery mildew severity to 10.40%, with a disease reduction of 79.36% over the control. At 0.5% concentration, it recorded 11.20% disease severity and 77.77% disease reduction. Pre-harvest sprays of ICW 50% formulation at 1.0% and 0.5% concentrations resulted in post-harvest anthracnose incidence levels of 3.75% and 5.00%, with reductions of 88.46% and 84.61% over the control, respectively. Likewise, fruit dip treatments at 1.0% and 0.5% recorded 2.50% and 3.75% post-harvest anthracnose incidence, achieving 92.30% and 88.46% reduction over the control, respectively.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":16843,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Phytopathology","volume":"173 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2025-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145223960","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Effect of Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus velezensis on the Antioxidative Responses of Tomato Plants Facing Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato DC3000 Infection","authors":"Sumaira,&nbsp;Elizaveta A. Gavrilova,&nbsp;Shamil Z. Validov,&nbsp;Humaira Yasmin,&nbsp;Airat R. Kayumov","doi":"10.1111/jph.70178","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jph.70178","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Tomato (<i>Solanum lycopersicum</i>), a globally significant crop, is highly susceptible to bacterial speck disease caused by <i>Pseudomonas syringae</i> pv. <i>tomato</i> DC3000 (<i>Pst</i> DC3000). In this paper, we studied the effect of plant growth-promoting bacteria (PGPB) <i>Bacillus subtilis</i> MGMM36 and <i>Bacillus velezensis</i> MGMM30 on tomato resistance to Pst DC3000 under greenhouse conditions. Seed pre-treatment with either <i>B. subtilis</i> or <i>B. velezensis</i> improved plant viability (60% and 50% survival, respectively, compared to 25% in plants infected with <i>Pst</i> DC3000 alone) and mitigated pathogen-induced damage. <i>B. subtilis</i> provided stronger protection compared to <i>B. velezensis</i>: plants treated with <i>B. subtilis</i> showed a 20% reduction in shoot length (SL), a 10% reduction in root length (RL) and a 15% reduction in leaf area (LA) compared to the control. However, plants treated with <i>B. velezensis</i> exhibited a 30% decrease in SL, a 25% decrease in RL and a 22% decrease in LA. Furthermore, in infected plants grown from seeds previously treated with PGPB, no increase in <i>CAT</i> (SICAT), <i>SOD</i> (SISOD) and <i>PTO</i> gene expression was observed, in contrast to untreated plants. Both <i>B. subtilis</i> and <i>B. velezensis</i> increased the expression of the <i>PR1</i> gene, restoring it to levels found in uninfected control plants. These findings underscore the potential of two strains of <i>Bacillus</i> spp. as sustainable biological agents to enhance disease resistance and promote tomato growth, with the aim of practical application for pesticide reduction and environmental protection.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":16843,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Phytopathology","volume":"173 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2025-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145223961","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cowpea Veinal Necrosis Disease: Identification of the Associated Orthotospoviral Strain and Subcellular Localization of Orthotospoviral N and NSs Proteins","authors":"Shweta Kumari,&nbsp;Suhas Gorakh Karkute,&nbsp;Shilpi Aggarwal,&nbsp;Kajal Kumar Biswas,&nbsp;Anirban Roy,&nbsp;Bikash Mandal","doi":"10.1111/jph.70170","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jph.70170","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The increasing occurrence of virus disease in cowpea raises concerns about the emergence of new or expanding viral threats in the production of vegetable and pulse crops. During the summer of 2022, plants showing veinal necrosis disease on cowpea were observed at the experimental farm of the Indian Agricultural Research Institute (IARI), New Delhi. To elucidate the natural occurrence of groundnut bud necrosis virus (GBNV) associated with vein necrosis disease in cowpea, this study employed biological and molecular approaches, including the characterization and <i>in silico</i> prediction of structural and functional features of the N and NSs proteins, as well as subcellular localization studies in both natural and experimental host systems. Mechanical transmission successfully reproduced the typical disease as observed in the field on cowpea plants (cv. Pusa Komal). Molecular diagnosis using RT-PCR indicated the presence of GBNV in the diseased plant samples. Cloning and sequencing of the near-complete small RNA segment of GBNV revealed 98.9% nucleotide and &gt; 99% amino acid identity in the nucleocapsid (N) gene, and 98% nucleotide and 99% amino acid identity for the non-structural silencing suppressor (NSs) gene, compared to known GBNV isolates. Phylogenetic analysis further placed the associated virus strain within the major clade of GBNV in plants. Further, the N and NSs proteins were successfully transiently expressed in plant and found localized in the cytoplasm of cowpea and <i>Nicotiana benthamiana</i>, the natural and experimental host of the virus respectively. The experimental reproduction of the disease and characterization of the N and NSs genes of the virus associated with pathogenesis revealed the association of the GBNV strain in the occurrence of veinal necrosis of cowpea. For the first time, functional motifs within the N and NSs genes were comprehensively predicted through bioinformatic analyses and their subcellular localization was examined in both natural and experimental hosts using confocal microscopy.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":16843,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Phytopathology","volume":"173 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2025-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145224148","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Molecular Characterisation of Candidatus Phytoplasma Causing Phyllody in Sesame and Its Management Through Biotic Inducers","authors":"Kowsalya Murugan,&nbsp;Durgadevi Dhakshinamoorthy,&nbsp;Kavitha Rangasamy,&nbsp;Karthiba Loganathan,&nbsp;Varanavasiappan Shanmugam,&nbsp;Rajendran Lingan,&nbsp;Karthikeyan Gandhi","doi":"10.1111/jph.70175","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jph.70175","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The phyllody severity in sesame crop ranged from 9% to 20% under field conditions, and the maximum was recorded in Thiruvannamalai district of Tamil Nadu, India. The observed morphological characters of the transmitting insect vector <i>Orosius albicinctus</i> were light ochraceous colour with irregular striations and dark brown with black mottling. The infected sesame samples were subjected to PCR amplification by using universal primer pair P1/P6, followed by nested PCR using R16F2n/R16R2 primers, which amplified ~1.25 kb, which was also occurred in the Parthenium weed plant. Further, BLAST analysis showed that the sequences were aligned with the 16SrII-B group phytoplasma consisting of <i>Candidatus</i> Phytoplasma <i>aurantifolia</i> (94.87%), sesame phyllody (97.97%), <i>Blainvillea acmella</i> phytoplasma (97.70%) and <i>Mollugo disticha</i> phyllody phytoplasma (98.28%). Since there is no adorus impact despite the vast host range, polyphagous insect vectors, lack of environmentally acceptable effective insecticide, and unavailability of resistant sources, management of phyllody disease has been attempted with biotic inducers (salicylic acid [SA], methyl jasmonate [MeJA] and beta amino butyric acid [BABA]) individually (50, 100 and 150 ppm) and in combination. Among the inducers tested in vitro, SA 50 ppm showed a higher vigour index (1401) in the seed infiltration method of seed treatment, further confirmed in blotter paper technique. The same treatment showed a high germination percentage (86%) with more shoot length on the 60th day (67.0 cm) and five branches/plant under glasshouse experiment. In addition, SA 50/100 ppm increased the phenolic activity and plant defence enzymes; hence it has been further test verified at two different field locations, and the results revealed that seed infiltration treatment with SA 50/100 ppm, followed by foliar application of SA (50/100 ppm) at 30, 45 and 60 DAS, was shown to be effective by recording lesser disease severity compared to control (42.2%). Also, salicylic acid treatment showed higher germination (87.6%), more capsules/plant, thereby incorporation of inducers like salicylic acid in the integrated disease management will serve as a viable and sustainable management option.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":16843,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Phytopathology","volume":"173 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2025-09-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145146308","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Genetic Variation, qPCR-Based Detection and Virulence of Berkeleyomyces Species in Ilex crenata","authors":"E. Geukens,&nbsp;K. Van Poucke,&nbsp;A. Haegeman,&nbsp;E. Smolders,&nbsp;L. Leus,&nbsp;K. Heungens","doi":"10.1111/jph.70173","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jph.70173","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p><i>Berkeleyomyces</i>, a globally spread genus of soil-borne fungi comprising <i>B. basicola</i> and <i>B. rouxiae,</i> causes black root rot in over 170 plant species including the ornamental shrub <i>Ilex crenata</i>. These two species are morphologically indistinguishable and were previously grouped under <i>Thielaviopsis basicola</i>. Historical records did not account for hidden species diversity, including pathogenic diversity on specific host plant species such as lettuce. The first objective of this study was to determine whether strains of both <i>Berkeleyomyces</i> species affect <i>I. crenata</i>, as this knowledge could influence the selection of isolates for resistance breeding. We collected 33 isolates from <i>I. crenata</i> plants in gardens, parks and nurseries in Flanders (Belgium) and the Netherlands, and characterised this <i>Berkeleyomyces</i> collection to species and subspecies level using Genotyping-by-Sequencing (GBS). Most <i>I. crenata</i> isolates belonged to two near-clonal groups within <i>B. basicola</i>. Virulence testing revealed that <i>B. basicola</i> and <i>B. rouxiae</i> could incite similar disease levels in <i>I. crenata</i>, with smaller differences in virulence related to the host of origin. Our second objective was to develop novel qPCR assays, allowing fast species identification and quantification of both <i>Berkeleyomyces</i> species. We developed two sets of species-specific qPCR assays: one set on the 60S locus (with sensitivity down to 100 fg DNA), and another set on the rDNA ITS locus (with sensitivity down to 10 fg DNA), which can be run in duplex format. The qPCR assays were successfully used to quantify the pathogen. They show potential for use in other hosts as well as in epidemiological studies.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":16843,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Phytopathology","volume":"173 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2025-09-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145146309","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Woodchip Incorporation Alleviates Soil-Borne Disease Caused by Plasmodiophora brassicae","authors":"Zakirul Islam,&nbsp;Quoc Thinh Tran,&nbsp;Motoki Kubo","doi":"10.1111/jph.70174","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jph.70174","url":null,"abstract":"<p><i>Plasmodiophora brassicae</i> infects roots and causes clubroot disease in cruciferous crops worldwide. Enhancing soil health through the application of bioresources represents a sustainable strategy for disease management. This study evaluated the effect of woodchip incorporation on clubroot suppression in <i>Brassica rapa var. perviridis</i> (Japanese mustard spinach) cultivated in conventionally fertilised soil. Cedar-derived woodchips were mixed into the soil at volumetric ratios of 0%, 20% and 30%. Soils were inoculated with resting spores of <i>P. brassicae</i> (5 × 10⁵ spores/g), and plants were grown under controlled conditions for 28 days. Woodchip incorporation reduced disease severity by approximately 80% compared to the untreated control. In infected roots, bacterial biomass and the relative abundances of major classes such as <i>Flavobacteria</i>, <i>Betaproteobacteria</i> and <i>Alphaproteobacteria</i> were significantly reduced. However, these microbial shifts were not observed in the roots grown in woodchip-amended soils. These findings suggest that woodchip amendment suppresses pathogen proliferation and contributes to the effective management of clubroot disease in <i>B. rapa</i>.</p>","PeriodicalId":16843,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Phytopathology","volume":"173 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2025-09-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jph.70174","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145146310","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring the Genetic and Molecular Mechanisms Underlying the Interaction Between Tomato and Endophytic Fungi: A Bioinformatic Analysis and Review of Key Genes and Pathways","authors":"Sepideh Ghaffari,&nbsp;Ali Javadmanesh,&nbsp;Ricardo Machado,&nbsp;Stephan Jaronski,&nbsp;Lukasz L. Stelinski,&nbsp;Javad Karimi","doi":"10.1111/jph.70172","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jph.70172","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Endophytic fungi are known to improve plant resistance to stress and enhance plant performance. A comprehensive understanding of the mechanisms underlying endophytic fungi-mediated systemic resistance is crucial for the widespread adoption of these fungi as beneficial biological control agents. To unravel the complex interactions between tomato and endophytic fungi, we compared the transcriptomic responses of tomato plants induced with <i>Trichoderma harzianum</i>, <i>T. afroharzianum</i>, <i>T. atroviride</i> and <i>Pochonia chlamydosporia</i>. RNA-seq datasets were used to assess the common expression patterns in defence-related pathways. Our analysis revealed that a group of common key genes were significantly induced in all investigations examined. Additionally, we observed that 20 transcripts related to anion transport, which is crucial for early plant immune responses, were consistently enriched in all the studies. These findings highlight the conserved and specific nature of plant–endophyte interactions and their potential for enhancing plant resistance through targeted genetic manipulation and breeding for long-lasting resistance.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":16843,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Phytopathology","volume":"173 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2025-09-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145102330","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Microscopic and Analytical Insights Into the Morphoanatomical, Pharmacognosy and Bioactivity of Healthy and Geminivirus-Infected Duranta erecta L.: A New Report","authors":"Shabnum Shaheen,&nbsp;Naila Usman,&nbsp;Riffat Siddique,&nbsp;Eman Alhomaidi,&nbsp;Sana Khalid,&nbsp;Zaryab Khalid,&nbsp;Romisha Sonia,&nbsp;Sayyara Ibadullayeva,&nbsp;Khuzin Dinislam,&nbsp;Nigar Mursal","doi":"10.1111/jph.70165","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jph.70165","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;div&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;&lt;i&gt;Duranta eracta&lt;/i&gt; L. is grown widely as a medicinal and ornamental plant. &lt;i&gt;Duranta erecta&lt;/i&gt; is badly infected by begomovirus. Phytochemical changes impact plant morphoantomical, defense and antioxidant potential, shaping plant responses. A complete comprehensive study including morphoanatomical, phytochemical, antioxidant, molecular and antimicrobial evaluation is done to differentiate the healthy plant from infected. Morphological analysis indicated that geminivirus infected plants exhibits symptoms like cupping, curling, folding, yellowing, crumpling, reduced leaf area and overall stunted growth. The presence of geminiviruses (Brgomoviruses) was confirmed using the PCR method, with the help of universal primers designed for begomoviruses. By using specific begomoviruses primers, presence of &lt;i&gt;Duranta Leaf Curl virus&lt;/i&gt; (DLCV) was confirmed along DNA-B of &lt;i&gt;Tomato leaf curl New Delhi Virus&lt;/i&gt; (ToLCNDV) and &lt;i&gt;Catharanthus yellow mosaic virus&lt;/i&gt; (CaYMV) in highly severe infected samples. While &lt;i&gt;Papaya leaf curl virus&lt;/i&gt; (PaLCV) and CaYMV were also found in severely infected samples, however efforts to isolate satellites was not successful in these samples. Anatomical analysis of infected and healthy plants revealed that in both the plants anisocytic stomata and warty trichomes were present with few variations occurred in the size of trichomes, subsidiary, guard and epidermal cells. Antioxidant potential analyzed by DPPH scavenging method indicated that methanol extracts showed maximum antioxidant potential followed by ethanol, chloroform and n-hexane, respectively. The antibacterial activity assessed against &lt;i&gt;Escherichia coli&lt;/i&gt;, &lt;i&gt;Staphylococcus aureus&lt;/i&gt; and &lt;i&gt;Klebsiella pneumonia&lt;/i&gt; indicated that healthy samples demonstrated notable activity (10 mm) against &lt;i&gt;S. aureus&lt;/i&gt;, while infected samples displayed no antibacterial effect. For antifungal testing against &lt;i&gt;Aspergillus niger&lt;/i&gt;, &lt;i&gt;Aspergillus solani&lt;/i&gt; and &lt;i&gt;Rhizopus stolonife&lt;/i&gt;r, neither the healthy nor the infected samples showed any activity. Phytochemicals’ quantitative and qualitative testing of both plant samples was done. Presence of different secondary metabolites, such as phenols flavonoids, glycosides, sterols, tannins, triterpenes, coumarins and saponins were confirmed qualitatively. The quantitative phytochemical analysis revealed the maximum flavonoids concentration in chloroform, preceded by ethyl acetate and methanolic extracts. &lt;i&gt;Duranta erecta&lt;/i&gt; plays a significant role for the production of many drugs because of the presence of secondary metabolites which were assessed by GCMS. The one of major secondary metabolite, that is, acteoside was also eluted in GCMS scans of selected plants. This is the first integrated study dealing with the morphoanatomical, phytochemical, antioxidant, molecular and antimicrobial comparison of DLCV infected and healthy &lt;i&gt;D. erecta&lt;/i&gt;. The findings provide valuable insights for b","PeriodicalId":16843,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Phytopathology","volume":"173 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2025-09-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145102290","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"New Reports of Botryosphaeriaceae Species Causing Postharvest Fruit Rot of Garcinia humilis in Brazil","authors":"Jordana Alves da Silva Melo,&nbsp;Ana Elisa de Almeida Souza,&nbsp;Glícia Silva de Moraes,&nbsp;André Angelo Medeiros Gomes,&nbsp;Alexandre Reis Machado","doi":"10.1111/jph.70171","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jph.70171","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Achachairu (<i>Garcinia humilis</i>) is a fruit crop with its centre of origin in the Amazon rainforest region, which has gained prominence in commercialization in several countries in America. In addition to a sweet flavour, it is rich in several vitamins and fibres, making it of interest in the industrial sector. Fungal isolates of the <i>Botryosphaeriaceae</i> were obtained from fruits of <i>G. humilis</i> with symptoms of rot and were identified by concatenated phylogenetic analyses of ITS, <i>TEF1-α</i>, <i>Tub-2</i> and <i>RPB2</i> loci. We identified nine isolates as <i>Lasiodiplodia theobromae</i>, nine isolates as <i>Lasiodiplodia pseudotheobromae</i>, and one isolate as <i>Neofusicoccum batangarum</i>. Three representative isolates of these species were selected for pathogenicity tests in fruits and stems of seedlings. Typical rot symptoms appeared on the inoculated fruits and stems, confirming pathogenicity. To our knowledge, this is the first report of <i>L</i>. <i>theobromae</i>, <i>L</i>. <i>pseudotheobromae</i>, and <i>N</i>. <i>batangarum</i> as the causal agents of fruit rot of <i>G. humilis</i> worldwide.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":16843,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Phytopathology","volume":"173 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2025-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145101420","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence and Characterisation of Toxigenic Aspergillus Species in Rice From Punjab Region of North India Using LC–MS/MS and Molecular Techniques","authors":"Navdeep Singh,&nbsp;Anju Bala Sharma,&nbsp;Pooja Manchanda,&nbsp;Kousik Mandal,&nbsp;Amarjit Singh,&nbsp;J. S. Lore","doi":"10.1111/jph.70164","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jph.70164","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Seed samples of rice were collected from north India during two consecutive crop seasons, 2022 and 2023. Isolations of fungi associated with discoloured seed samples were performed and various species of <i>Aspergillus</i> obtained from 1966 samples (the large majority from the state of Punjab) were characterised morphologically for their identification. A total of 109 isolates of six different species of <i>Aspergillus</i> were obtained from 22 popular rice varieties. Species level identification was confirmed by using ITS and β tubulin gene loci. <i>A. flavus</i> and <i>A. niger</i> were the most prevalent species having frequencies of occurrence of 33.0% and 29.9% respectively. Approximately 8.3% of the isolates were predicted to be positive for production of aflatoxins and 1.8% of the isolates were predicted positive for production of ochratoxin based on PCR screening. Quantitative analysis of toxin production by selected isolates using liquid chromatographic tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS) revealed that isolate Af22 of <i>A. flavus</i> obtained from rice variety PR 126 produced 20.7 μg/kg aflatoxin B1 and 28.7 μg/kg aflatoxin B2 and isolate Ao5 of <i>A. ochraceus</i> obtained from variety PR 121 produced ochratoxin A (8.6 μg/kg) were the most toxigenic isolates. Pathogenicity tests on susceptible rice variety PR 114 demonstrated that all toxigenic isolates induced distinct discoloration patterns on rice grains after an incubation period of 5–7 days. The study underscores the importance of continuous monitoring of <i>Aspergillus</i> contamination and calls for stringent post-harvest management practices to reduce the risk of mycotoxin contamination in rice.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":16843,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Phytopathology","volume":"173 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2025-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145101381","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}