Journal of Phytopathology最新文献

{"title":"First Report of Alternaria alternata Causing Leaf Spot Disease on Artemisia argyi in China","authors":"Chao Li,&nbsp;Shengge Li,&nbsp;Biao Zhou,&nbsp;Bingbing Liu,&nbsp;Kuan Yang","doi":"10.1111/jph.70402","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jph.70402","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p><i>Artemisia argyi</i> is a perennial herbaceous plant belonging to the family Asteraceae. Its dried leaves are widely used in traditional Chinese medicine to warm the meridians, arrest bleeding, dispel cold, and alleviate pain. In 2024, symptoms of leaf spot disease were observed on <i>A. argyi</i> at a cultivation base in Nanyang City, Henan Province, China, characterized by irregular brown-to-black foliar lesions. To identify the causal agent, the pathogen was isolated via tissue isolation and identified based on morphological characteristics combined with multigene phylogenetic analyses. Pathogenicity tests were subsequently performed to fulfil Koch's postulates. The results confirmed that the causal agent was <i>Alternaria alternata</i>. To our knowledge, this is the first report of <i>A. alternata</i> causing leaf spot disease on <i>A. argyi</i> in China.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":16843,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Phytopathology","volume":"174 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2026-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149048515","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Molecular Diversity of Begomoviruses and Betasatellites Associated With Yellow Vein Mosaic and Leaf Curl Diseases of Okra From the Eastern Region of India","authors":"Ajay Kumar,&nbsp;Pandian Rajendran,&nbsp;Shikha Dixit,&nbsp;Harvinder Kumar Singh,&nbsp;Ashish Marathe,&nbsp;Mallikarjuna Jeer,&nbsp;Vinay Kumar,&nbsp;Palaiyur Nanjappan Sivalingam","doi":"10.1111/jph.70403","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jph.70403","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Yellow vein mosaic (BYVMD) and enation leaf curl (OELCD) diseases are the two economically important diseases of okra known to be caused by monopartite begomovirus associated with satellite molecule. In the present study, begomovirus isolates associated with BYVMD and OELCD collected from four different geographical locations in eastern India were successfully transmitted to healthy bhendi plants by whiteflies. The inoculated plants developed symptoms similar to those observed in the field within 18–23 days after inoculation. The begomoviruses and their associated betasatellites were amplified by PCR from the rolling circle amplified products from the total DNA extracted from the whitefly transmitted bhendi leaf samples. The DNA-A component was amplified using abutting primers specific to okra enation leaf curl virus (OELCuV) from Kawardha isolate showing OELCD and to bhendi yellow vein mosaic virus (BYVMV) from Raipur, Kanker and Kawardha isolates showing BYVMD. The DNA-A and betasatellites amplified from these samples were cloned and sequenced. Sequence analysis revealed that all samples exhibiting symptoms of both bhendi yellow vein mosaic and okra enation leaf curl disease (OELCD) were infected with okra enation leaf curl virus (OELCuV). The OELCuV isolates were identified as recombinants between bhendi yellow vein mosaic virus (BYVMV) and OELCuV and were associated with three distinct betasatellites: Okra enation leaf curl betasatellite (OELCuB), Bhendi yellow vein betasatellite (BYVB), and Ludwigia leaf distortion betasatellite (LLDB). For the first time, the association of LLDB with BYVMD was identified from the eastern region of India. This suggests that BYVMD and OELCD in eastern India might be caused by recombinant OELCuV associated with diverse betasatellites which cause threat to okra production in this region.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":16843,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Phytopathology","volume":"174 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2026-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149048497","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Microbe-Assisted Disease Control and Growth Enhancement in Turmeric (Curcuma longa L.) and Ginger (Zingiber officinale ROSC.)","authors":"T. R. Athira,&nbsp;Sumitha Thomas,&nbsp;K. C. Jisha","doi":"10.1111/jph.70378","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jph.70378","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Turmeric (<i>Curcuma longa</i> L.) and ginger (<i>Zingiber officinale</i> Rosc.) are economically important medicinal and spice crops valued for their diverse pharmacological properties and extensive applications in traditional and modern healthcare. However, their productivity is constrained by soil-borne diseases, abiotic stresses, and declining soil health associated with intensive agrochemical use. Microbial biopriming, involving the pre-treatment of planting materials with beneficial microorganisms such as plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR), <i>Trichoderma</i>, arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, and other beneficial microbes, has emerged as an eco-friendly strategy to improve crop establishment, productivity, and resilience. This review comprehensively summarizes recent advances in rhizosphere microbial diversity and microbe-mediated biopriming in turmeric and ginger, highlighting mechanisms underlying plant growth promotion, nutrient acquisition, phytohormone production, induced systemic resistance, disease suppression, and abiotic stress mitigation. Recent developments in genomics, metagenomics, transcriptomics, and other multi-omics approaches are also discussed, emphasizing their potential to elucidate plant–microbe interactions and facilitate the identification of elite microbial inoculants. Evidence from recent studies demonstrates that microbial inoculation enhances germination, rhizome yield, phytochemical quality, nutrient-use efficiency, and resistance to major diseases, while contributing to improved tolerance against salinity, drought, nutrient deficiency, and other environmental stresses. The review further identifies key research gaps, including the need for long-term field validation, crop-specific microbial consortia, and precision biopriming strategies. Overall, microbial biopriming represents a sustainable, cost-effective approach for improving the productivity, quality, and climate resilience of turmeric and ginger while reducing dependence on chemical inputs.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":16843,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Phytopathology","volume":"174 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2026-09-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149048294","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Occurrence of Globisporangium sylvaticum Causing Lettuce Bottom Rot and Associated to Onion and Common Bean Roots in Brazil","authors":"Elenice Alves Barboza,&nbsp;Luiz Henrique Rocha Lopes,&nbsp;Cléia Santos Cabral,&nbsp;Guilherme Eustaquio de Jesus,&nbsp;Maurício Rossato,&nbsp;Josiene Silva Veloso,&nbsp;Fabiana Helena Silva Ribeiro Martins,&nbsp;Carmen Lídia Amorim Pires-Zottarelli,&nbsp;Ailton Reis","doi":"10.1111/jph.70395","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jph.70395","url":null,"abstract":"<p><i>Globisporangium sylvaticum</i> is a soil-borne oomycete associated with diseases in a wide range of plant species. Here, we report the first occurrence of <i>G. sylvaticum</i> causing bottom rot in lettuce and its association with rotted roots of onion and common bean in two geographic regions of Brazil. Three isolates were recovered from symptomatic plants and characterized based on morphological features and, primarily, phylogenetic analyses of the ITS and COX II regions. To assess pathogenicity, the onion and common bean isolates were initially inoculated onto seedlings of their respective hosts under greenhouse conditions. The onion and common bean isolates were not pathogenic to their original hosts. Subsequently, all three isolates were inoculated onto detached lettuce leaves under laboratory conditions, where they induced typical leaf rot symptoms. Koch's postulates were fulfilled only for lettuce. These results demonstrate that <i>G. sylvaticum</i> is the causal agent of lettuce bottom rot, whereas its occurrence in onion and common bean was limited to its isolation from rotted roots under the conditions evaluated. This study constitutes the first report of <i>G. sylvaticum</i> causing bottom rot in lettuce in the Federal District, Brazil. In addition, we document its occurrence in association with rotted roots of onion and common bean in the state of Paraná, an important Brazilian producer of grain and vegetable crops, highlighting its potential relevance for plant disease surveillance and further investigations of its host range.</p>","PeriodicalId":16843,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Phytopathology","volume":"174 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2026-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jph.70395","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149047880","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A New Way of Reducing Banana Crown Rot by Male Bud Removal","authors":"Tom Desmarez,&nbsp;Pierre Brat,&nbsp;Ludivine Lassois,&nbsp;Mathieu Lechaudel,&nbsp;Bastien Barral,&nbsp;Sandrine Andypain,&nbsp;Yolande Chilin-Charles,&nbsp;Marc Dorel,&nbsp;Elodie Dorey,&nbsp;Rony Saint-Hylaire,&nbsp;Laëtitia Gardès,&nbsp;Jean-Christophe Meile,&nbsp;Olivier Hubert","doi":"10.1111/jph.70392","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jph.70392","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Dessert bananas are one of the most important fruit crops for global food security. Unfortunately, they face numerous phytopathogens, including <i>Fusarium</i> spp. and <i>Colletotrichum musae</i>, which cause post-harvest diseases. Several sources of contamination have been identified in the field and storage facilities. However, no study had yet been conducted on vascular contamination through ascending necrosis from the floral stalk tip. The aim of this study was to assess how stalk necrosis affects crown rot development, and to propose a new stalk cutting method to reduce this post-harvest disease. In our first experiment, we isolated a pathogenic strain belonging to the <i>Fusarium solani</i> species complex (FSSC) from the tip of the stalk, internal stalk tissues and crown rot lesions, suggesting a previously undescribed pathway of vascular contamination from the floral stalk to the fruit crown. The second experiment showed that a new “umbrella cut” treatment of the male bud significantly limited the development of stalk necrosis and, consequently, pathogen ascent toward the crown. This new cutting method was found to improve fruit resistance to FSSC isolate CIRAD no. 5 and <i>C. musae</i>, with reductions in internal crown rot of 38% and 25%, respectively. In addition, total phenolic content was significantly higher (+27%) in the fruit peel subjected to this cutting method, contributing to the lower susceptibility of fruits to crown rot pathogens. These findings suggest that the proposed “umbrella cut” treatment represents a simple, low-cost and effective strategy to reduce post-harvest diseases in dessert bananas, without generating negative externalities for production systems or the environment.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":16843,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Phytopathology","volume":"174 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2026-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148994033","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Classic and Emergent Viruses Infecting Capsicum Species: A Mini Review","authors":"Mario Sánchez-Sánchez,&nbsp;Emmanuel Aispuro-Hernández,&nbsp;Cristóbal Joel González-Pérez,&nbsp;Jorge Ariel Torres-Castillo,&nbsp;Eber Addí Quintana-Obregón,&nbsp;Irasema del Carmen Vargas-Arispuro,&nbsp;Miguel Ángel Martínez-Téllez","doi":"10.1111/jph.70389","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jph.70389","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The <i>Capsicum</i> genus comprises diverse species of major agroeconomic and culinary importance worldwide. Although global pepper production continues to increase, climate change, prices and viral diseases represent significant limitations affecting crop productivity. Plant viruses have regained interest due to the emergence of recombinant variants that can give rise to novel viral lineages. Most of these viruses descend from related ancestors and exhibit high genomic sequence identity. Although viral divergence in plants is a natural evolutionary phenomenon that contributes to biodiversity, it raises concerns and expectations about viral pathogenicity and transmission dynamics. From 2015 to September 2025, several viruses, including pepper yellow leaf curl virus (PepYLCV), pepper yellow leaf curl Aceh virus (PepYLCAV), pepper whitefly-borne vein yellows virus (PeWBVYV), pod pepper vein yellows virus (PPeVYV), tomato brown rugose fruit virus (ToBRFV) and solanum nigrum ilarvirus 1 (SnIV1), were first reported infecting pepper plants. The emergence of new viruses fosters rearrangements in virus-plant interactions through ecological processes in which plants, vectors and viruses converge, promoting niche diversification and recombination-driven viral diversity. In addition, intrinsic viral attributes, such as genomic rearrangements and the occurrence in mixed infections, may facilitate the emergence of new species. Mixed infections function as key biotic factors that promote genetic recombination, whereas climate change and anthropogenic activities function as important abiotic drivers of viral emergence. This review provides an updated synthesis of emerging and established viruses infecting peppers (<i>Capsicum</i> spp.), emphasizing recent host expansion events and the ecological and evolutionary mechanisms shaping viral emergence.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":16843,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Phytopathology","volume":"174 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2026-09-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148993962","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Morphological and Biochemical Characterization of Parental Lines and F1 Hybrids of Capsicum annuum L. for Various Growth and Yield Contributing Attributes and Phytophthora capsici Resistance","authors":"Surender Kumar,&nbsp;Anupama Singh,&nbsp;Munish Sharma,&nbsp;Kushal Thakur","doi":"10.1111/jph.70394","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jph.70394","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p><i>Capsicum annuum</i> L. comprises both vegetable and spice crops, which are known for their high nutritional and medicinal values, and hence grow in both tropical and temperate regions. In the present study, four intraspecific F₁ hybrids developed through reciprocal crossing between <i>Phytophthora</i> susceptible bell pepper cultivars (‘California Wonder’ and ‘Solan Bharpur’) and a <i>Phytophthora</i> resistant chilli landrace, ‘CM334’, were evaluated for 40 morphological and 17 biochemical traits linked to yield and <i>P. capsici</i> resistance. The F₁ hybrids were intermediate to parents in terms of fruit size, the number of lobes per fruit, seed count, leaf shape, leaf length and width, leaf and stem hairiness, phenol, protein, antioxidant, sugars, ascorbic acid, PAL, PPO, PO, SOD and proline. They also showed traits typical of the parental types, including fruit shape, pungency and the number of primary branches. The ‘CM334’ plants exhibited the highest resistance to <i>Phytophthora</i> blight and fruit rot, which was supported by elevated levels of PO, PPO, PAL, SOD activities and proline content, whereas the F₁ plants had maximum catalase, H₂O₂, β-1, 3 glucanase, chitinase activities and hydrogen peroxide content, which was lowest in the susceptible parents. The most leading were included fruit weight, fruit length, fruit diameter, the number of seeds and lobes, primary branches, ascorbic acid, sugars, capsaicin, peroxidase, catalase, SOD, PPO, β-1,3 glucanase, chitinase and proline, which accounted largely for the overall variability. Significant mean differences were recorded for many traits accompanied by notable heterosis and reciprocal effects, and considerable association between fruit shape and pungency, as well as with PAL, PPO, PO, proline, β-1,3 glucanase, chitinase and SOD. These findings need to be further validated in distinct genetic backgrounds and mapping populations to ascertain the usefulness of phenotypic and biochemical markers for further genetic enhancement.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":16843,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Phytopathology","volume":"174 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2026-09-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148993961","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"In Silico Characterisation and Gene Expression of Two Putative Effectors From ‘Candidatus Phytoplasma Palmae’ Associated With Coconut Lethal Yellowing","authors":"Sara Elena Vila-Luna,&nbsp;Blondy Canto-Canché,&nbsp;Iván Cordova-Lara,&nbsp;Luis Sáenz-Carbonell","doi":"10.1111/jph.70391","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jph.70391","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Phytoplasmas significantly reduce crop yields across different plant species, as exemplified by coconut lethal yellowing disease (CLY), which affects coconut palms in the American continent. These pathogens encode in the genome the ability to produce effectors that target important proteins in the plant host, inducing morphology alterations, plant sterility and attractiveness to insect vectors. This attractiveness is crucial for the transmission and spread of phytoplasmas to other plant species. Understanding how these effectors function is essential for comprehending the mechanisms of action of phytoplasmas. However, only a few effectors coding genes have been identified in phytoplasmas, and no effector responsible for CLY has been reported. In this study, an in silico identification of two effectors of ‘<i>Candidatus</i> Phytoplasma palmae’ associated with CLY in the Americas was conducted. The predicted effectors encoded two proteins of 124 aa (secretory protein 7) and 128 aa (secretory protein 10) with 73% identity between them. These proteins were classified as classical effectors, characterised by small size, signal peptide, nuclear localisation signal and absence of a transmembrane domain. Furthermore, gene expression of <i>SP10</i> was detected in samples from leaves and stems of infected palms.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":16843,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Phytopathology","volume":"174 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2026-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148942928","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Occurrence of Neopestalotiopsis rosae and Neopestalotiopsis zimbabwana Causing Leaf Blight in Blueberry in Mexico","authors":"Guillermo Márquez-Licona,&nbsp;José González-Montejo,&nbsp;Santos Gerardo Leyva-Mir,&nbsp;Juan Manuel Tovar-Pedraza,&nbsp;Omar Jacobo-Villegas,&nbsp;Marco Antonio Hurtado-Salgado,&nbsp;Alma Rosa Solano-Báez","doi":"10.1111/jph.70388","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jph.70388","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>In Mexico, blueberries are an economically important crop, with annual production of more than 80,000 tons, making the country the world's fifth-largest producer of this fruit. In spring 2024, chlorotic spots were observed that turned into localized necrotic lesions which eventually coalesced in two commercial rabbiteye blueberry fields in the states of Michoacán and Puebla, Mexico. Based on morphological features, <i>Neopestalotiopsis</i>-like colonies were consistently recovered from symptomatic tissues. Multilocus phylogenetic analyses (ITS, <i>β-tub</i> and <i>tef1</i>-α) identified the isolates as <i>Neopestalotiopsis rosae</i> and <i>N. zimbabwana</i>. Pathogenicity was demonstrated by inoculating each isolate onto healthy blueberry plants, which developed the characteristic symptoms of the disease 9 days after inoculation, thereby fulfilling Koch's postulates. To our knowledge, this is the first worldwide report of <i>N. zimbabwana</i> and the first report of <i>N. rosae</i> in Mexico causing leaf blight on blueberry. Leaf blight is an emerging disease in blueberry fields of Puebla and Michoacán, Mexico. Therefore, the epidemiological potential of the disease should be determined, and effective, sustainable management strategies should be developed.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":16843,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Phytopathology","volume":"174 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2026-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148942631","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Root-Leaf-Root Signalling Loop Mediates Tomato Defence Specifically Against Meloidogyne incognita","authors":"Keyan Li,&nbsp;Jiatu Li","doi":"10.1111/jph.70393","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jph.70393","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Root-knot nematodes (RKNs) are among the most devastating biotic threats to global agriculture, causing annual crop losses estimated between $100 and $160 billion worldwide. Far from being passive victims, plants mount sophisticated systemic defence responses that integrate environmental cues with internal hormonal and electrical signals. This review explores the progression of research from the understanding of shoot-to-root jasmonic acid (JA) flux as a systemic immune signal against nematodes to the recent discovery of a complete “root-to-leaf-to-root” signalling loop in tomato. Within this loop, the mobile transcription factor ELONGATED HYPOCOTYL 5 (HY5) integrates light perception, glutamate receptor-like (GLR3.5)-mediated electrical signalling, and calcium-calmodulin cascades to orchestrate a sustained jasmonic acid burst. This review critically assesses the remarkable complexity of JA signalling in nematode defence, discusses whether the inter-organ communication loop is conserved beyond tomato, and asks whether analogous mechanisms operate against other root pathogens. By raising open questions and highlighting parallels from related fields, we aim to stimulate research that moves this discovery from a model-plant phenomenon to a broadly applicable framework for engineering durable nematode resistance.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":16843,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Phytopathology","volume":"174 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2026-09-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148942783","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}