Journal of Phytopathology最新文献

{"title":"A Novel Triple Attention-Based Deep Learning Framework for Accurate Pomegranate Disease Detection","authors":"C. K. Lokesh,&nbsp;S. Senthil","doi":"10.1111/jph.70118","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jph.70118","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Pomegranate disease detection is critical for ensuring crop quality and productivity. This research proposes a novel deep learning framework that leverages triple attention mechanisms and depth-wise separable convolutions to accurately identify pomegranate diseases. The framework incorporates a pre-processing stage using Savitzky–Golay filtering and CLAHE for noise reduction and contrast enhancement. Quantum-based Sobel edge detection is employed for feature extraction, followed by adaptive sunflower optimisation for feature selection. The TAtt-DSC model, optimised with the CBRCM algorithm, effectively classifies healthy and unhealthy pomegranate fruits. Experimental results demonstrate superior performance with precision of 97.2%, recall of 93%, accuracy of 99.14% and F1-score of 95.5%. This innovative approach offers a promising solution for efficient and accurate pomegranate disease diagnosis.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":16843,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Phytopathology","volume":"173 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2025-07-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144725560","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"First Report of Fusarium foetens Causing Tobacco Root and Stem Rots in Guizhou, China","authors":"Benlin Yi,&nbsp;Jun Ma,&nbsp;Lie Luo,&nbsp;Muhammad Imran Ghani,&nbsp;Junaid Ali Siddique,&nbsp;Xiaoli Tang,&nbsp;Tomislav Cernava,&nbsp;Xiaoyulong Chen","doi":"10.1111/jph.70104","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jph.70104","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>In September of 2019, root and stem rots were observed in tobacco plants in Xingren, Guizhou Province, China. Typical symptoms included rotted roots and stems, failure to form vascular bundles or complete necrosis of vascular bundle tissues, and the plant later showed hollow stems and complete wilt. In a 0.13-ha field, the disease incidence was 50%–60%, causing serious economic losses. Based on morphological characteristics and molecular identification, as well as confirmation of pathogenesis following Koch's postulates, the causal agent was identified as <i>Fusarium foetens</i>. To our knowledge, this study is the first report of <i>F. foetens</i> as a pathogen on tobacco causing root and stem rot in Guizhou, China. The identification of the pathogen could lay the basis for its sustainable management in future.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":16843,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Phytopathology","volume":"173 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2025-07-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144725558","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Polyphasic Identification and Diversity of Aspergillus Species Associated With Maize in India","authors":"Raj Kiran,&nbsp;Deeksha Joshi,&nbsp;Jameel Akhtar,&nbsp;Malkhan Singh Gurjar,&nbsp;Robin Gogoi","doi":"10.1111/jph.70121","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jph.70121","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A total of 40 <i>Aspergillus</i> isolates were collected from diverse agroclimatic zones across 14 states in India. All isolates were identified as <i>Aspergillus flavus</i> based on morphological characterisation. The morphological examination revealed significant variability in colony characteristics, including colony colour and growth pattern, as well as limited sclerotium production. The identity of 39 isolates of <i>A. flavus</i> was confirmed using ITS sequencing with 96.88%–100% similarity to GenBank reference sequences, whereas the remaining one isolate (AF-35) was identified as the closely related species <i>A. nomiae</i>. The aflatoxigenic potential of all 40 isolates was assessed using the ammonia vapour and the fluorescence test under UV light. Eight isolates (20%) were identified as potentially aflatoxigenic based on observable colour changes upon ammonia exposure. Thirteen isolates (32.5%) showed fluorescence under UV light, indicating aflatoxin production. The identity of 13 aflatoxigenic isolates along with four atoxigenic isolates was further confirmed using β-tubulin and calmodulin gene sequences. Sixteen isolates were identified as <i>A. flavus</i>, while isolate AF-35 showed conflicting results, aligning both with <i>A. nomiae</i> (calmodulin) and <i>A. flavus</i> (β-tubulin). The finding highlights the diversity within the <i>Aspergillus</i> spp. population in India, with a substantial proportion of aflatoxigenic isolates.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":16843,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Phytopathology","volume":"173 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2025-07-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144725561","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Resistance of Pepper Cultivars to Meloidogyne incognita","authors":"Francisco Franco-Navarro,&nbsp;Antoon Ploeg","doi":"10.1111/jph.70137","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jph.70137","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Four bell-pepper cultivars containing the <i>N</i>-gene for root-knot nematode resistance, three chilli-pepper cultivars, and nine bell-pepper cultivars commercially grown in the Coachella Valley of Southern California were evaluated for their susceptibility to a California population of Southern Root-Knot Nematode, <i>Meloidogyne incognita</i> race 3. Repeated greenhouse pot trials showed that the nematodes failed to reproduce or cause root symptoms on the four <i>N</i>-gene pepper cultivars. Two <i>N</i>-gene resistant cultivars were among the four cultivars with the highest fruit production. The chilli-pepper cultivars were good hosts for the nematodes, but several of the commercial Coachella Valley-grown bell-pepper cultivars were excellent hosts. Significant differences in host status existed among the commercially grown cultivars, with reproduction factors ranging from 2.7 to 26.0, suggesting that careful selection of commercially available cultivars may limit the rapid build-up of <i>M. incognita</i> populations in infested fields.</p>","PeriodicalId":16843,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Phytopathology","volume":"173 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2025-07-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jph.70137","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144725559","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Economic Returns on Fungicide Use Across Soybean Cultivars With Varying Tolerance to Target Spot Caused by Corynespora cassiicola","authors":"Ricardo Gomes Tomáz,&nbsp;Cláudia Vieira Godoy,&nbsp;Emerson Medeiros Del Ponte","doi":"10.1111/jph.70138","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jph.70138","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This study investigated the economic viability of fungicide use in managing target spot disease, across soybean cultivars with varying tolerance levels. An extensive dataset was collected over 11 growing seasons (2012/2013 to 2022/2023) from 173 trials in six Brazilian states. A total of 56 soybean cultivars were classified into high, medium, and low tolerance categories based on the estimated relative damage coefficients (<i>α</i>) derived from linear regression models between yield and disease severity. Stochastic simulations, incorporating factors such as attainable yield, fungicide cost, and efficacy, were performed to estimate the probability of break-even on fungicide costs, the economic returns, and the economic damage thresholds (EDT) under scenarios of attainable yield and disease pressure scenarios. The results showed that low-tolerance cultivars (<i>α</i> = 1.0%/p.p [percentage point]) consistently achieved higher yield benefits (up to 2510 kg/ha) and profitability with fungicide applications, especially under scenarios of high disease pressure and high attainable yield. Conversely, high-tolerance cultivars (<i>α</i> = 0.2%/p.p) exhibited lower economic returns, greater resilience to declining fungicide efficacy over multiple seasons, and the highest EDT (10.1%). Medium-tolerance cultivars (<i>α</i> = 0.6%/p.p) showed intermediate outcomes in terms of profitability and yield difference. While low-tolerance cultivars benefit most from chemical interventions, high-tolerance cultivars offer a sustainable alternative by reducing reliance on fungicides. These findings provide valuable insights for decision-making in soybean disease management, emphasising the integration of cultivar selection and economic thresholds into targeted fungicide programs.</p>","PeriodicalId":16843,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Phytopathology","volume":"173 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2025-07-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jph.70138","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144714756","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of Seed Priming and Fungicide Seed Treatments on Disease Development, Crop Growth and Yield of Dry Direct-Seeded Basmati Rice in North-Western India","authors":"Buta Singh Dhillon,&nbsp;Virender Kumar,&nbsp;Navjyot Kaur,&nbsp;Sanjay Kumar,&nbsp;Pardeep Sagwal,&nbsp;Chinka Batra,&nbsp;Jagjeet Singh Lore","doi":"10.1111/jph.70134","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jph.70134","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Dry direct-seeded rice (DSR) is an alternative and socio-economically viable technology addressing the trade-offs associated with the conventional puddle transplanted rice system. But inadequate establishment and higher incidence of some diseases such as brown spot and neck blast are the major reasons for the lack of scaling of DSR. In order to address the above issues, experiments were conducted to evaluate the combined impact of seed priming and seed treatment with fungicide (mancozeb 50% + carbendazim 25% WP) on the disease development, crop growth and yield attributes of direct seeded Basmati rice under laboratory and field conditions. Low disease severity of bacterial blight, brown spot, foot rot, neckblast, bunt and grain discoloration was observed when seeds were hormoprimed with 25 ppm GA₃ + fungicide seed treatment. Similar levels of disease suppression were observed for halopriming with 2% KNO₃ + fungicide seed treatment. Seed halopriming with 2% KNO₃ and hormopriming with 25 ppm GA₃ either alone or combined with fungicide treatment caused significant enhancement in germination percentage and seedling growth as compared to the untreated control under both laboratory and field conditions. These treatments also exhibited the highest plant population per m², panicle number per m², panicle weight and number of filled grains, leading to higher grain yields than in the remaining treatments.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":16843,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Phytopathology","volume":"173 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2025-07-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144714757","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Interaction Between Tomato Leaf Curl Palampur Virus and Its Associated Betasatellite Enhances Disease Severity in Zucchini","authors":"Fatemeh Heydari-Gharaei,&nbsp;Jahangir Heydarnejad,&nbsp;Asra Salari,&nbsp;Hossain Massumi","doi":"10.1111/jph.70098","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jph.70098","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Tomato leaf curl Palampur virus (ToLCPalV, <i>Begomovirus solanumpalampurense</i>, family <i>Geminiviridae</i>) is a highly destructive virus affecting tomato and cucurbits crops in Iran. In this study, we report the first detection of tomato leaf curl betasatellite (ToLCB, <i>Betasatellite solani</i>) in association with ToLCPalV in zucchini plants showing severe disease symptoms in Anbar-Abad, southeastern Iran. Using agroinoculation experiments on zucchini plants with different combinations of ToLCPalV genomic components and ToLCB, we found that plants co-inoculated with DNA-A + DNA-B + ToLCB exhibited more severe symptoms compared to those inoculated with DNA-A + DNA-B or DNA-A + ToLCB. These results suggest that the severe symptoms are due to interactions between ToLCPalV DNA-B and ToLCB. Although both DNA-A + DNA-B and DNA-A + ToLCB induced disease symptoms individually, the resultant symptoms were different between the two treatments. This is the first report of the association of a bipartite begomovirus with a betasatellite in Iran. Given the widespread occurrence of ToLCPalV and the association of ToLCB with different mono- and bipartite geminiviruses including its recent association with a turncurtovirus, further studies are warranted to investigate interaction between ToLCB and mono- or bipartite geminiviruses in southeastern Iran.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":16843,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Phytopathology","volume":"173 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2025-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144695728","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Silicon Dioxide Reduces the Lesion Length on Soybean Stems and In Vitro Production of Sclerotia of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum","authors":"Michele Gevinski-Otolakoski,&nbsp;Brenda Gallina Viegas,&nbsp;Bianca Zampieron Bagio,&nbsp;Crislaine Sartori Suzana-Milan,&nbsp;José Luís Trevizan Chiomento,&nbsp;Jaqueline Huzar-Novakowiski","doi":"10.1111/jph.70133","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jph.70133","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Silicon (Si) is an element that has been associated with plant defence against pathogens and pests. Silicon dioxide (SiO₂) is one of the available forms of Si, but it is still underexplored in agriculture. Among the diseases that can affect soybean, white mould (caused by <i>Sclerotinia sclerotiorum</i>) stands out because of its destructive potential and worldwide occurrence. The objective of this study was to evaluate the in vitro action of SiO₂ on <i>S. sclerotiorum</i> and whether its foliar application can reduce the lesion length on soybean stems. There was no effect of increasing the concentration of SiO₂ (0; 0.1; 1; 10 and 100 mg L⁻¹) on mycelial growth in vitro; however, at the highest concentration (100 mg L⁻¹), there was a reduction of 91.0% and 35.1% in the number and mass of sclerotia, respectively. A controlled-environment study was carried out with four treatments (0; 1; 2.5% and 5% of SiO₂) that were applied five times as foliar spray to soybean plants prior to their inoculation with <i>S. sclerotiorum</i>. The lesion length on the soybean stem linearly decreased with increasing SiO₂ concentration. There was a 46.3% reduction in the lesion length at 5% of SiO₂ (to 43.6 mm) compared to the control (81.2 mm) at 6 days after inoculation. Thus, on the basis of the observed in vitro and in vivo effects, it can be concluded that SiO₂ application may offer a promising complementary strategy for white mould management.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":16843,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Phytopathology","volume":"173 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2025-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144695734","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Agro-Inoculation-Based Identification of Novel Resistant Donors and Genetic Studies for Leaf Curl Disease in Cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.)","authors":"Chandrika Ghoshal,&nbsp;Achuit K. Singh,&nbsp;Sandeep Kumar,&nbsp;Amalendu Ghosh,&nbsp;Harshwardhan Choudhary,&nbsp;Sudhakar Pandey,&nbsp;Pradip Karmakar,&nbsp;Vidya Sagar,&nbsp;Amitha Mithra Sevanthi,&nbsp;V. Rajasree,&nbsp; Vikrant,&nbsp;Neha Sharma,&nbsp;Tusar Kanti Behera,&nbsp;Shyam Sundar Dey","doi":"10.1111/jph.70110","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jph.70110","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Cucumber is an important vegetable crop cultivated in more than 150 countries around the world. Leaf curl disease (LCD), predominantly caused by tomato leaf curl New Delhi virus (ToLCNDV), is reported in cucumbers from different countries of South Asia and Europe and is associated with significant crop loss. The present study focuses on identifying cucumber genotypes resistant to the ToLCNDV, a significant threat to cucumber cultivation around the world. Besides, we have attempted to identify the genotypes with broad resistance to the <i>Begomovirus</i> complex present in the Indian subcontinent. There are no reports so far reporting effective resistance against LCD in cucumber caused by multiple <i>Begomoviruses</i>. Seven selected cucumber accessions from different regions of India were agro-inoculated with ToLCNDV and evaluated for disease symptoms and viral load at various time points postinoculation. Highly resistant genotypes DC-91 and DC-61 were identified, showing no symptoms and low viral accumulation. The resistance to ToLCNDV in cucumber appears to be recessive, with a 1:3 segregation ratio in the F₂ population and a 1:1 ratio in the BC₁P₂ population, suggesting monogenic control. The study validates the resistance source to ToLCNDV from Indian-originated germplasm for future breeding programmes. The use of qPCR analysis allowed for precise quantification of the viral load, confirming the resistance in the Indian-originated germplasm. The economic impact of ToLCNDV on cucumber cultivation is significant, necessitating the development of resistant varieties. The present study emphasises the importance of host plant resistance as a sustainable strategy for managing ToLCNDV, as opposed to cultural practices and chemical treatments, which are limited in effectiveness and increase input costs. The identification of novel sources of resistance from the Indian originated lays the foundation for breeding ToLCNDV-resistant cucumber cultivars, contributing to the resilience of cucumber varieties against this devastating viral disease.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":16843,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Phytopathology","volume":"173 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2025-07-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144672000","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Wolf-Bird Optimised SqueezeNet With Adaptive Pooling for Multiclass Plant Disease Detection From Leaf Images","authors":"Ponnila P.,&nbsp;Bazila Banu A.","doi":"10.1111/jph.70111","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jph.70111","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Plant disease is accountable for majority of economic losses in agricultural industry across the globe. Hence, plant disease detection at an earlier phase is highly important to provide food safety and enhancement of farming systems. The manual detection techniques are challengeable and consume much time for classifying plant leaf diseases. Here, Wolf-Bird Skill Optimizer based Optimal Pooling SqueezeNet (WBSO_OptimalPool SqNet) is presented for a multiclass plant disease detection. Initially, plant leaf image is pre-processed employing Kuwahara filter. Afterwards, plant leaf disease segmentation is conducted by Spine-Generative Adversarial Network (Spine-GAN). Next, image augmentation is done and next, Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) features and DAISY with statistical features are extracted. Thereafter, two levels of classification namely plant type classification and plant disease classification are conducted. The classification of plant type and plant disease are accomplished by SqueezeNet, wherein pooling layers are modified by optimal pooling layer based on weights. The weights are calculated utilising WBSO, which is devised by incorporating Wolf-Bird Optimizer (WBO) with Skill Optimization Algorithm (SOA). In addition, WBSO_OptimalPool SqNet achieved maximal accuracy and True Positive Rate (TPR) about 91.897% and 90.815% as well as minimal False Positive Rate (FPR) about 7.186%.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":16843,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Phytopathology","volume":"173 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2025-07-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144672001","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}