Journal of Plant Nutrition and Soil Science最新文献

{"title":"Synthesis, characterization and evaluation of novel manganese nanoclay polymer composite and nano-MnO2 in wheat","authors":"Rakesh Kumar,&nbsp;Arun Kumar Jha,&nbsp;Nintu Mandal,&nbsp; Satdev,&nbsp;Shruti Kumari","doi":"10.1002/jpln.202300159","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jpln.202300159","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Manganese (Mn) deficiency due to nutrient mining by high yielding cereal–cereal cropping patterns and forgetfulness of Mn fertilizer applications becomes potential challenge in crop production.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Aim</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Nano-enabled Mn fertilizers can be safer and more nutrient efficient than conventional Mn fertilizers (nutrient use efficiency ≈ 1%–3%). However, studies about nano-Mn fertilizer synthesis and their behaviour in soil–plant system are rare.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>In this study, two novel nano-Mn fertilizers, that is nano-MnO₂ (NMO) and manganese nanoclay polymer composites (Mn-NCPC), were synthesized, characterized (dynamic light scattering, X-ray diffraction, Scanning electron microscopic and energy-dispersive X-ray, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy etc.) and investigated for their impact on growth, yield and nutrient acquisition by wheat crop (<i>Triticum aestivum</i> L., variety HD-2967) in a pot culture experiment. Treatment comprised 25%, 50% and 100% of recommended dose of Mn (RDMn) through NMO along with 100% RDMn through MnSO₄·H₂O (MS). Effect of exposure route was also investigated using foliar spray of NMO at tillering stage. Mn-NCPC was found to be most efficient Mn fertilizer in terms of yield, Mn uptake and use efficiency by wheat crop.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Nano-sized formulations improved the solubility of Mn in soil due to its higher active surface area (NMO) and slow-release behaviour (Mn-NCPC); thus, minimal losses happened due to the fixing of Mn in oxide/hydroxide forms. Application of 25% RDMn through NMO fertilizers maintained equitant diethylenetriamine pentaacetate Mn content to 100% RDMn through MnSO₄·H₂O. Mn-NCPC stimulated the soil enzymatic activities, namely dehydrogenase, acid–alkaline phosphatase activities. Mn-NCPC and NMO at 100% RDMn recorded 3.51% and 5.20% improvement in grain yield, respectively, when compared to MnSO₄·H₂O 100%.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Mn fertilizer doses can be reduced up to 25% of RDMn when applied through NMO or Mn-NCPC fertilizers. However, effects of Mn-NCPC and NMO need to be critically evaluated in long-term field experiments in various cropping systems especially under cereal–cereal sequences for economic profitability and wide-scale farmer's adaptability.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":16802,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Plant Nutrition and Soil Science","volume":"187 5","pages":"653-667"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-01-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139561135","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Improved chlorophyll fluorescence, photosynthetic rate, and plant growth of Brassica napus L. after co-application of biochar and phosphorus fertilizer in acidic soil","authors":"Zeinab El-Desouki,&nbsp;Hao Xia,&nbsp;Yehia Abouseif,&nbsp;Ming Cong,&nbsp;Mengyang Zhang,&nbsp;Muhammad Riaz,&nbsp;Mohamed Moustafa-Farag,&nbsp;Cuncang Jiang","doi":"10.1002/jpln.202300052","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jpln.202300052","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Aims</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Biochar has been used as an amendment to improve soil fertility and increase crop yield. A pot trial and incubation experiment were conducted to evaluate the effects of combined biochar and phosphate fertilizer applications on changes in soil physiochemical properties, photosynthetic parameters, and plant growth of <i>Brassica napus</i> L. in acidic soil.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Biochar (B) was applied at rates (B0: 0%, B1: 2%, and B2: 4% w/w) to the soil, while phosphorus (P) as KH₂PO₄ was added at P0: 0 mg kg^–1 soil, P1: 100 mg kg^–1 soil, and P2: 150 mg kg^–1 soil. Non-amended soil served as the control (Ck).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The study found that the maximum photochemical quantum yield of photosystem II (Fv/Fm) and non-photochemical quenching were affected by biochar and P fertilizer treatments. The Fv/Fm was significantly lower in the Ck while the highest in B2P1. Compared to the Ck treatment, the electron transport rate and photosynthetic rate were significantly increased under the application of biochar with P fertilizer. Additionally, malondialdehyde content declined by 68.9% when biochar was added with P fertilizer treatments. Furthermore, the plant P content and plant growth parameters were significantly increased. Biochar with and without P fertilizer treatments increased soil pH significantly, compared to the application of P fertilizer alone. Water-soluble P decreased with incubation time, while Al-P decreased significantly by 69.9% and 76.4% under B1 and B2 treatments, respectively, compared to CK.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The findings revealed a positive effect of the combined application of biochar with phosphate fertilizer on the growth of oilseed rape in acidic soil.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":16802,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Plant Nutrition and Soil Science","volume":"187 2","pages":"260-273"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-01-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139561138","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Turnover of soil microaggregate-protected carbon and the challenge of microscale analyses","authors":"Nele Meyer,&nbsp;Jacqueline Kaldun,&nbsp;Andrei Rodionov,&nbsp;Wulf Amelung,&nbsp;Eva Lehndorff","doi":"10.1002/jpln.202300154","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jpln.202300154","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Microaggregates are suspected to protect soil organic carbon (SOC) from microbial decay, but its residence time is not well understood.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Aims</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We aimed at unraveling the relevance of microaggregates for C storage and testing the hypothesis that C in the interior of aggregates is older, compared to the exterior.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We sampled soil under C3 vegetation and at a site where cropping shifted to C4 vegetation 36 years ago. We isolated free and macroaggregate-occluded size fractions (250–53 µm) by wet sieving and ultrasound, manually isolated aggregates therefrom, and analyzed whether vegetation-related differences in δ¹³C could be traced at the interior and exterior of microaggregate cross-sections using elemental and laser ablation-isotope ratio mass spectrometry.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Size fraction weights comprised &lt;5% of microaggregates. Based on a source partitioning approach including C3- and C4-derived C, we found mean residence times of SOC in occluded and free microaggregates of 62 and 105 years, respectively. Thus, C storage was longer than that in size fractions (35 years) and bulk soil (58 years). The small-scale variability of δ¹³C within aggregate cross-sections was considerable, both in C3 and C4 soil, yet without significant (<i>p</i> = 0.46) differences between interior and exterior locations.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We conclude that microaggregates do not persist in an intact form in such a long-term that systematic differences in δ¹³C patterns between exterior and interior parts can develop.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":16802,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Plant Nutrition and Soil Science","volume":"187 1","pages":"143-152"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-01-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/jpln.202300154","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139498737","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Humalite enhances the growth, grain yield, and protein content of wheat by improving soil nitrogen availability and nutrient uptake","authors":"Pramod Rathor,&nbsp;Vianne Rouleau,&nbsp;Linda Yuya Gorim,&nbsp;Guanqun Chen,&nbsp;Malinda S. Thilakarathna","doi":"10.1002/jpln.202300280","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jpln.202300280","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The application of synthetic chemical inputs in current agricultural practices has significantly increased crop production, but their use has caused severe negative consequences on the environment. Humalite is an organic soil amendment that is rich in humic acid and found in large deposits in southern Alberta, Canada. Humic products can enhance nutrient uptake and assimilation in plants by reducing nutrient losses and enhancing bioavailability in the soil.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Aim</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Here, we evaluated the effects of different humalite rates in the presence of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium (NPK) at recommended rates on soil nitrogen availability, wheat growth, grain yield, seed nutritional quality, and nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) under controlled environmental conditions.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A series of studies were conducted by applying five different rates of humalite (0, 200, 400, 800, and 1600 kg ha⁻¹) with NPK at recommended rates. Soil nitrogen availability and shoot and root growth parameters were recorded at flowering stage. NUE was calculated based on the grain yield at maturity stage.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Plants grown in the presence of humalite augmented root morphological parameters (root length, volume, and surface area), plant biomass (shoot and root), and nutrient uptake (N, P, K, and S) compared to the plants supplied with recommended fertilizer alone. Furthermore, humalite application significantly increased grain yield (14%–19%), seed protein content (23%–30%), and NUE (14%–60%) compared to the fertilizer application alone.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>These findings suggest that humalite can be used as an organic soil amendment to reduce synthetic fertilizer application and improve plant growth and yield while enhancing fertilizer use efficiency.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":16802,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Plant Nutrition and Soil Science","volume":"187 2","pages":"247-259"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-01-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/jpln.202300280","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139498738","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Coupling scales in process-based soil organic carbon modeling including dynamic aggregation","authors":"Simon Zech,&nbsp;Alexander Prechtel,&nbsp;Nadja Ray","doi":"10.1002/jpln.202300080","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jpln.202300080","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Carbon storage and turnover in soils depend on the interplay of soil architecture, microbial activities, and soil organic matter (SOM) dynamics. For a fundamental understanding of the mechanisms that drive these processes, not only the exploitation of advanced experimental techniques down to the nanoscale is necessary but also spatially explicit and dynamic image-based modeling at the pore scale.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Aim</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We present a modeling approach that is capable of transferring microscale information into macroscale simulations at the profile scale. This enables the prediction of future developments of carbon fluxes and the impact of changes in the environmental conditions linking scales.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Method</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We consider a mathematical model for CO₂ transport across soil profiles (macroscale), which is informed by a pore-scale (microscale) model for C turnover. It allows for the dynamic, self-organized re-arrangement of solid building units, aggregates and particulate organic matter (POM) based on surface interactions, realized by a cellular automaton method, and explicitly takes spatial effects on POM turnover such as occlusion into account. We further include the macroscopic environmental conditions water saturation, POM content, and oxygen concentration.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The coupled simulations of macroscopic transport and pore-scale carbon and aggregate turnover reveal the complex, nonlinear interplay of the underlying processes. Limitations by diffusive transport, oxygen availability, texture-dependent occlusion and turnover of OM drive CO₂ production and carbon storage.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This emphasizes the need for such micro–macro models exchanging information on different scales to investigate and quantify the effects of structural changes, variations in environmental conditions, or degradation processes on carbon turnover.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":16802,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Plant Nutrition and Soil Science","volume":"187 1","pages":"130-142"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-01-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/jpln.202300080","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139498991","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of bare fallow management on soil carbon storage and aggregates across a rock fragment gradient","authors":"Steffen A. Schweizer,&nbsp;Michaela Aehnelt,&nbsp;Franziska Bucka,&nbsp;Kai Uwe Totsche,&nbsp;Ingrid Kögel-Knabner","doi":"10.1002/jpln.202300156","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jpln.202300156","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Our understanding of C storage in soils lacks insights investigating organic matter (OM) depletion, often studied in bare fallow systems. The content of coarse rock fragments is often excluded, whereas it may affect C storage.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Aims</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We aim to contribute to a better understanding of the impact of bare fallow on C storage mechanisms in the soil as influenced by its coarse rock fragment contents. We investigated whether bare fallow induced a depletion of C in OM fractions and analyzed to which extent this affected soil aggregate size distribution and the C loading of the clay-sized fraction.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A comparison of 14 years bare fallow management with adjacent cropped soils located in Selhausen (Germany) provided a gradient of coarse rock fragments of 34%–71%, from which sites with three different fine earth (FE) contents were compared. Across the FE gradient, we isolated particulate OM and mineral-associated OM fractions, obtained microaggregate and macroaggregate size fractions, and quantified the C loading.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Bare fallow management induced an OM depletion at lower contents of FE. There, the management influence was more concentrated onto less FE volume. The contribution of both particulate and mineral-associated OM fractions to the C in the low-FE soils decreased. The C loading increased under bare fallow, compared to cropped soil. In the low-FE soil, we also found less macroaggregates, whereas the C content decreased in some microaggregate size fractions.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A high content of coarse rock fragments can enhance OM depletion decreasing mineral-associated and particulate C under bare fallow.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":16802,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Plant Nutrition and Soil Science","volume":"187 1","pages":"118-129"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-01-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/jpln.202300156","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139477126","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correction to “Biogeochemical limitations of carbon stabilization in forest subsoils”","authors":"","doi":"10.1002/jpln.202470016","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jpln.202470016","url":null,"abstract":"<p>J.PlantNutr.SoilSci.2022;185:35–43. https://doi.org/10.1002/jpln.202100295</p><p>Figure 2 has been published without complete axis labeling. The correct figure is published below.</p><p>We apologize for this error.</p>","PeriodicalId":16802,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Plant Nutrition and Soil Science","volume":"187 1","pages":"153"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2023-12-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/jpln.202470016","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139064958","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Metabolic and transcriptomic effects of Aphanothece sp. biostimulant on tomato plant growth and phosphorus acquisition","authors":"Chanda Mutale-joan,&nbsp;Farid Rachidi,&nbsp;Najib El Mernissi,&nbsp;Abderrahim Aasfar,&nbsp;Hicham El Hadi,&nbsp;Laila Sbabou,&nbsp;Karim Lyamlouli,&nbsp;Hicham El Arroussi","doi":"10.1002/jpln.202300369","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jpln.202300369","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Phosphorus (P) fertilizers, made from rock phosphate, increase crop yields. However, rock phosphate is a finite resource, stressing the need for more P-efficient crops.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Aims</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This study aims to exploit P-adaptive traits that enhance P-acquisition and P-use efficiency in crops, as a potential sustainable P-use management method in agricultural settings.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This study investigates the biostimulant effects of <i>Aphanothece</i> sp. extracts (ApE) on P absorption efficiency traits of tomato plants supplied with triple super phosphate fertilizer (0.3, 0.6, and 1.2 mM Pi).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>ApE extracts exhibited significant effects on P uptake, <i>Lycopersicum esculentum</i> high-affinity phosphate transporter (LePT) genes, chlorophyll, and lipid contents, compared with control plants. ApE significantly enhanced leaf LePT4 in ApE-treated plants supplied with 0.3 mM Pi, and root <i>LePT2</i> in ApE-treated plants supplied with 0.6 mM Pi. According to principal component analysis, P concentration in roots (root Pi) was closely associated with root dry weight (DW), root <i>LePT2</i>, and leaf <i>LePT4</i>. The phytohormone, gibberellin gibberellic acid 4, slightly correlated with root Pi, <i>LePT2</i> (0.18), <i>LePT4</i> (0.28), and more with root (0.72) and shoot DW (0.60), whereas abscisic acid correlated with chlorophyll content (0.60), <i>LePT2</i> (0.50), and <i>LePT4</i> (0.49), and slightly with root Pi (0.22). Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry analysis also showed that the application of ApE to plants stimulated the biosynthesis of several metabolites. The metabolic pathway analysis using MetaboAnalyst revealed that ApE treatment induced the unsaturated fatty acid, steroid, cutin, suberin, and wax biosynthesis pathways.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>ApE application to tomato plants stimulated P uptake by roots through enhanced expression of high-affinity P transporters (root <i>LePT2</i> and leaf <i>LePT4</i>), positively correlated with root DW and root Pi. The study also suggests that algal extracts stimulate plant growth through improved P uptake and modulate the plant's metabolic pathways that favor crop performance in tomato plants under normal Pi conditions.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":16802,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Plant Nutrition and Soil Science","volume":"187 2","pages":"233-246"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2023-12-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139036582","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nitrogen fixation of lablab and finger millet in South-India","authors":"Andrea Mock,&nbsp;Mariko Ingold,&nbsp;Prem Jose Vazhacharickal,&nbsp;Suman Kumar Sourav,&nbsp;Klaus Dittert,&nbsp;Andreas Buerkert","doi":"10.1002/jpln.202300319","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jpln.202300319","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>In a long-term rotation experiment (2016–2022) with different nitrogen (N) fertilizer levels in subtropical South-India, crop yields of low N plots were unexpectedly high. We therefore hypothesized that in the absence of mineral N application, these yields are largely due to N inputs by N₂ fixation in the component crops. To assess the diazotrophic N₂-fixation of lablab (<i>Lablab purpureus</i> L. Sweet) and possible associative N₂-fixation of finger millet (<i>Eleusine coracana</i> L. Gaertn), a controlled experiment was conducted during the 2021 monsoon season within the above-mentioned long-term field study. Two approaches were used to estimate the quantity of N derived from the atmosphere (Ndfa): the dilution method using a ¹⁵N-labeled fertilizer and the natural abundance method.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Method</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>For the ¹⁵N dilution method irrigated maize (<i>Zea maize</i> L.), finger millet and lablab were labeled with two split applications of 10% ¹⁵N fertilizer (50:50 ¹⁵N-urea and ¹⁵N-ammonium sulfate) amounting to a total of 15 kg N ha⁻¹. Maize was selected as the non-fixing reference plant to estimate diazotrophic N₂-fixation. The entire aboveground biomass of the labeled plants was harvested at maturity and analyzed for total DM, N concentration, and the ¹⁵N isotope ratio.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>N₂ fixation efficiency for lablab was 52%–69% depending on the calculation method, corresponding to 40–53 kg N ha⁻¹. For finger millet, the natural abundance method resulted in an estimated N₂-fixation of 5 kg N ha⁻¹, which was suggested by the results of the dilution method whereby the reference plant maize was only poorly labeled.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Labeling of maize might have been diluted due to unexpected associative N₂-fixation or N-uptake from unlabeled deep soil N pools. The data underline the importance of symbiotic N₂-fixation in crop rotation systems of South-India.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":16802,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Plant Nutrition and Soil Science","volume":"187 2","pages":"225-232"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2023-12-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/jpln.202300319","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138825082","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring the mechanisms of diverging mechanical and water stability in macro- and microaggregates","authors":"Svenja Roosch,&nbsp;Vincent J. M. N. L. Felde,&nbsp;Daniel Uteau,&nbsp;Stephan Peth","doi":"10.1002/jpln.202300245","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jpln.202300245","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Soil stability is often evaluated using either mechanical or hydraulic stress. The few studies that use both approaches suggest that these two types of stability behave differently.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Aims</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Our aim was to explore the mechanisms of aggregate stability regarding mechanical and water stability at the macro- and microscale, among other things, the effect of differing pore structure and soil organic matter content.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Samples were taken from two adjacent plots that were expected to differ in stability due to land use, that is, cropped versus bare fallow (BF). The stability of dry-separated macroaggregates (8–16 mm) and microaggregates (53–250 µm) was determined via wet sieving and unconfined uniaxial compression tests. To explore the mechanisms of stability, 3D pore characteristics were analyzed with microtomography scans. Furthermore, the contents of carbon and exchangeable polyvalent cations as well as contact angles were determined.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Water stability of macroaggregates was much higher in the cropped plot (geometric mean diameter 0.65–2.37 mm [cropped] vs. 0.31–0.56 mm [BF]), while mechanical stability was very similar (median work 17.3 [cropped] and 17.5 N mm [BF]). The two size fractions behaved similarly regarding both types of stability, with more pronounced differences in macroaggregates. Several soil characteristics, like carbon, exchangeable calcium, and higher connectivity of pores to the aggregate exterior, contributed to water stability. Regarding mechanical stability, the destabilizing effect of lower carbon content and exchangeable calcium in the BF plot was counterbalanced by a lower porosity.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Mechanical and water stability behaved differently in the two plots due to the different deformation mechanisms.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":16802,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Plant Nutrition and Soil Science","volume":"187 1","pages":"104-117"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2023-12-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/jpln.202300245","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138573099","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}