Birgit W. Hütsch, Franziska Faust, Stephan Jung, Sven Schubert
{"title":"Drought stress during maize flowering may cause kernel abortion by inhibition of plasma membrane H+-ATPase activity","authors":"Birgit W. Hütsch, Franziska Faust, Stephan Jung, Sven Schubert","doi":"10.1002/jpln.202300215","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jpln.202300215","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Drought stress during flowering of maize (<i>Zea mays</i> L.) frequently results in decreased kernel setting, leading to grain yield depressions. Plasma membrane (PM) H<sup>+</sup>-ATPase was identified as a key enzyme responsible for supply of assimilates to the developing maize kernels shortly after pollination. The activity of this enzyme was strongly inhibited under salt stress, pointing to an involvement in kernel abortion.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Aims</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This study aimed to determine whether also drought stress causes inhibition of PM H<sup>+</sup>-ATPase in developing maize kernels shortly after pollination, leading to diminished hexose uptake and finally kernel abortion. The key questions are as follows: What are the limiting factors for grain yield production of maize plants facing drought? Are physiologically relevant parameters, quantified at flowering, reflected by yield determinants at maturity?</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Maize plants were cultivated using the container technique, and drought stress was imposed during 3 weeks bracketing flowering compared to well-watered conditions throughout the entire growth period. The developing kernels were harvested 2 days after pollination, and PM vesicles were isolated and purified using two-phase partitioning.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Water deficit caused a significant decrease in grain yield at maturity (−35%), which was determined by a reduced kernel number (−42%). Source limitation in the developing kernels under stress could be excluded. Acid invertase activity was unaffected by water deficit. Hexose availability was also no limiting factor for kernel setting and development. However, <i>V</i><sub>max</sub> of in vitro hydrolytic activity of PM H<sup>+</sup>-ATPase was significantly decreased in the developing maize kernels under drought stress and the maximal pH gradient at the PM was also significantly reduced. The observed inhibiting effects on PM H<sup>+</sup>-ATPase were mainly of quantitative nature, as a lower number of proton pumps was present in the kernel PM. Qualitative changes of the enzyme (activation energy <i>E</i><sub>a</sub>, Michaelis constant <i>K</i><sub>m</sub>) due to drought were not observed.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The lower pH gradient probably decreased the proton-driven transport of hexoses by carriers into the cytosol of the kernel cells, leading","PeriodicalId":16802,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Plant Nutrition and Soil Science","volume":"187 3","pages":"321-332"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-03-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/jpln.202300215","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140125107","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Regulation of soil nutrient cycling in the root zone of Pyracantha fortuneana: The role of core microbiome induced by plant species","authors":"Caili Sun, Xiaoyu Lu, Yiwei Wang, Mosheng Qiu","doi":"10.1002/jpln.202300372","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jpln.202300372","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A host-plant and its associated microbiota are interdependent, with the enduring root zone microbial communities evolving over an extended period for a specific plant species. However, the long-term stability and functioning of host-associated microbiota, and their potential to be influenced by introduced plants, remain poorly understood.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Aims</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Our objective was to ascertain the relative contributions of core and rare microbiota in maintaining community stability and soil nutrient cycling in the presence of introduced plants.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We executed a pot experiment where four plant species at varying successional stages were planted in soil collected from the root area of <i>Pyracantha fortuneana</i>. Soil samples were collected 2 years post-planting. The soil nutrients, enzyme activities, and microbial networks under different introduced plants were analyzed.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The growth of <i>Betula luminifera</i> significantly enhanced soil enzyme activity, multi-nutrient cycling level, and microbial community diversity, compared to soils cultivated with <i>Imperata cylindrica</i> and <i>Zanthoxylum simulans</i>. Furthermore, the treatment involving <i>B. luminifera</i> planting exhibited a lower clustering coefficient and higher average path length than other treatments. Core taxa demonstrated higher node degree and betweenness centrality than rare taxa, favoring the stability of the microbial network. Importantly, the core taxa, particularly their co-occurrence network properties, were the primary drivers for multi-nutrient cycles of <i>P. fortuneana</i> root zone soils. Among the core taxa, <i>Mortierellomycetes</i>, <i>Dothideomycetes</i>, <i>Thermoleophili</i>, and <i>Rubrobacteria</i> were abundant in the treatment involving <i>B. luminifera</i> and were significantly positively correlated with most soil nutrient extracellular enzymes, thereby contributing to soil multi-nutrient cycling.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Core taxa significantly influence the microbial stability in the root zone soil of <i>P. fortuneana</i>. The introduction of <i>B. luminifera</i> can enhance the stability of the microbial community structure within this soil, thereby promoting soil nutrient cycles.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":16802,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Plant Nutrition and Soil Science","volume":"187 3","pages":"333-345"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140114768","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Aggregates versus pores – is the soil science community torn apart? A survey","authors":"Svenja Roosch","doi":"10.1002/jpln.202400089","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jpln.202400089","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Whether soil structure should be viewed mostly as a system of pores or a set of aggregates is a question soil scientists keep debating in the literature, but it is unclear whether the wider soil science community is also divided. In a quick survey among mainly German soil scientists of all career levels and sub-disciplines, most participants agreed that both pores and aggregates are important to describe soil structure. The debate can nevertheless be fruitful if it is led more efficiently, avoiding generalisations, misunderstandings and potential emotional barriers.</p>","PeriodicalId":16802,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Plant Nutrition and Soil Science","volume":"187 2","pages":"171-176"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-03-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/jpln.202400089","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140106597","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sara Paliaga, Sofia Maria Muscarella, Caterina Lucia, Daniela Pampinella, Eristanna Palazzolo, Luigi Badalucco, Giuseppe Badagliacca, Vito Armando Laudicina
{"title":"Long-term organic management: Mitigating land use intensity drawbacks and enhancing soil microbial redundancy","authors":"Sara Paliaga, Sofia Maria Muscarella, Caterina Lucia, Daniela Pampinella, Eristanna Palazzolo, Luigi Badalucco, Giuseppe Badagliacca, Vito Armando Laudicina","doi":"10.1002/jpln.202300252","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jpln.202300252","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Soils under organic farming systems exhibit better quality and higher biological activity than conventional systems. Manure addition, especially coupled with reduced or no tillage, significantly enhances microbial biomass and activity by improving soil physical properties and providing carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) sources. While several studies have examined the effects of transitioning from conventional to organic farming on soil chemistry and biochemistry, limited research has explored the influence of land use variations on soil fertility within long-term organic farming systems.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Aims</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Therefore, the aim of this study was to assess how three different land uses—pasture, vegetable crops, and orchard—affected soil fertility under a long-term organic farming system.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Soil samples were collected from the 0 to 15 cm layer of plots used for pasture, vegetable crops and orchard, being the latter cover cropped with legumes, and analyzed to determine chemical and biochemical soil parameters.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Contrary to expectations, high land use intensity (vegetable crops and orchard soils) resulted in increased soil organic C and total N, compared to low intensity (pasture). Such an increase was ascribed to farmyard manure addition that counteracted the negative impact of tillage. Consequently, microbial biomass C and activity also increased. The greatest availability of organic substrates favored bacteria, particularly gram-positive strains, shaping the microbial community. However, despite changes of microbial biomass and of the main microbial groups, microbial activity was only slightly affected, suggesting high functional redundancy of microorganisms in long-term organic farming soil.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Results suggested that if land use intensification provides for organic supply, its negative impact on soil fertility may be mitigated.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":16802,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Plant Nutrition and Soil Science","volume":"187 2","pages":"287-294"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-03-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140074211","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Umbreen Shahzad, Muhammad Saqib, Hafiz Muhammad Jhanzab, Sami Abou Fayssal, Riaz Ahmad, Abdul Qayyum
{"title":"Different concentrations of silver nanoparticles trigger growth, yield, and quality of strawberry (Fragaria ananassa L.) fruits","authors":"Umbreen Shahzad, Muhammad Saqib, Hafiz Muhammad Jhanzab, Sami Abou Fayssal, Riaz Ahmad, Abdul Qayyum","doi":"10.1002/jpln.202300284","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jpln.202300284","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The application of nanoparticles (NPs) in horticultural crops is in a tremendous increase. NPs help in the overcoming of stresses with positive impacts on plant growth and development. Silver NPs (AgNPs) have numerous pre- and postharvest applications in agriculture.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Aims and methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This study aimed to evaluate the effect of AgNPs application (0, 50, 100, 150, and 200 ppm) at three spray intervals (5, 10, and 15 days) on the morphological and compositional traits, and defense system of strawberry.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Results showed that AgNPs application enhanced the growth, yield, quality, and nutritional aspects of strawberry grown under field conditions. Shoot fresh weight (20.20 g) and leaf number/plant (41.53) were enhanced at 100 ppm AgNPs and 15 days interval. A stunted growth of strawberry plants was recorded at 200 ppm AgNPs. Moreover, a 15-day-spray interval was found optimum for the improvement of major morphological traits. Fruit size, yield, total soluble solids, acidity, and antioxidant capacity were improved at 50 and 100 ppm AgNPs. The activation of plant defense system, that is, superoxide dismutase, peroxidase, catalase, total soluble protein, and ascorbic acid was improved under AgNPs foliar application. The activation of stress indicating marker malondialdehyde outlined a high defense response of strawberry at 150 ppm AgNPs.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Conclusively, AgNPs application at 50, 100, and 150 ppm can be considered effective for sustainable strawberry production.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":16802,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Plant Nutrition and Soil Science","volume":"187 5","pages":"668-677"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140045342","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jinqi Zhu, Yujie Wang, Bofu Zheng, Eddy J. Langendoen, Yunqi Wang
{"title":"How revegetation reinforces soil at early stage of restoration: A 6-year field study in southwest China","authors":"Jinqi Zhu, Yujie Wang, Bofu Zheng, Eddy J. Langendoen, Yunqi Wang","doi":"10.1002/jpln.202300236","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jpln.202300236","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background and aims</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Restoring vegetation on hillslopes has been found to increase soil strength, thereby reducing the risk of soil erosion and shallow landslides. However, limited information is available on the temporal changes in root biomechanical traits and increased soil shear strength related to vegetation growth following restoration with different species.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>In 2012, <i>Symplocos setchuensis</i>, <i>Buxus megistophylla</i>, and <i>Cynodon dactylon</i> were replanted in a forest gap in Jinyun Mountain, Beibei District, China, and studied over a 6-year period. We measured root traits (root tensile strength, Young's modulus, cellulose content, and root density) and soil traits (cohesion and internal friction angle) at two soil depths (0–20 and 20–40 cm) for undisturbed and reconstituted samples.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p><i>S. setchuensis</i> was found to have the highest tensile strength and resistance to failure for root diameters <2 mm. With elapsed time, tensile strength and cellulose content decreased. Cohesion and root mechanical reinforcement of topsoil generally increased with time (+10% per year). Root chemical and mechanical effects contributed approximately 50% to soil reinforcement. <i>C. dactylon</i> had the fastest growth rate and reinforced the topsoil soil rapidly, whereas <i>S. setchuensis</i> exhibited a consistent increase in soil reinforcement during the study period and provided more deep roots that could reinforce subsoil.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Chemical and mechanical effects almost equally contributed to soil reinforcement. Although the relative contributions varied for different species, the variation in each contribution sheds new light on the sustainable use of vegetation for mitigating shallow landslides in mountainous areas.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":16802,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Plant Nutrition and Soil Science","volume":"187 2","pages":"274-286"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140032655","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Contents: J. Plant Nutr. Soil Sci. 1/2024","authors":"","doi":"10.1002/jpln.202470014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jpln.202470014","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":16802,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Plant Nutrition and Soil Science","volume":"187 1","pages":"156"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-02-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/jpln.202470014","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139716867","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}