Journal of Plant Nutrition and Soil Science最新文献

{"title":"Enhancement of developmental defects in the boron‐deficient maize mutant <i>tassel‐less1</i> by reduced auxin levels","authors":"Michaela S. Matthes, Norman B. Best, Janlo M. Robil, Paula McSteen","doi":"10.1002/jpln.202300155","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jpln.202300155","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Background Plant responses to deficiencies of the micronutrient boron are diverse and go beyond the well‐characterized function of boron in cell wall crosslinking. To explain these phenotypic discrepancies, hypotheses about interactions of boron with various phytohormones have been proposed, particularly auxin. While these hypotheses are intensely tested in the root meristem of the model species, Arabidopsis thaliana , studies in crop species and the shoot are limited. Aims To address potential boron–auxin interactions during the vegetative and reproductive development of the crop maize ( Zea mays ), we utilized the boron‐deficient tassel‐less1 ( tls1 ) mutant and the auxin‐deficient vanishing tassel2 ( vt2 ) mutant. We investigated interactions of boron and auxin on the levels of auxin biosynthesis and auxin transport in leaves and shoot meristems. Methods and Results By using genetic interaction analysis, hormone quantification, and confocal microscopy, we show that boron‐deficient leaf phenotypes in tls1 are enhanced in double mutants with vt2 in both greenhouse and field conditions. However, auxin levels are not altered in developing leaves in tls1 . Rather, the localization of Zm PIN1a:YFP, a marker for auxin transport, is altered in young tassel meristems and is absent from organ initiation sites during vegetative development. Conclusions Our data suggest a link between polar auxin transport and phenotypic consequences in boron‐deficient conditions and further show that boron deficiency‐induced developmental defects are sensitive to low auxin levels. Our study, therefore, offers new insight into nutrient–hormone interactions to regulate crop development.","PeriodicalId":16802,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Plant Nutrition and Soil Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136060721","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Architecture of soil microaggregates: Advanced methodologies to explore properties and functions","authors":"Wulf Amelung,&nbsp;Ni Tang,&nbsp;Nina Siebers,&nbsp;Michaela Aehnelt,&nbsp;Karin Eusterhues,&nbsp;Vincent J. M. N. L. Felde,&nbsp;Georg Guggenberger,&nbsp;Klaus Kaiser,&nbsp;Ingrid Kögel-Knabner,&nbsp;Erwin Klumpp,&nbsp;Claudia Knief,&nbsp;Jens Kruse,&nbsp;Eva Lehndorff,&nbsp;Robert Mikutta,&nbsp;Stephan Peth,&nbsp;Nadja Ray,&nbsp;Alexander Prechtel,&nbsp;Thomas Ritschel,&nbsp;Steffen A. Schweizer,&nbsp;Susanne K. Woche,&nbsp;Bei Wu,&nbsp;Kai U. Totsche","doi":"10.1002/jpln.202300149","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jpln.202300149","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The functions of soils are intimately linked to their three-dimensional pore space and the associated biogeochemical interfaces, mirrored in the complex structure that developed during pedogenesis. Under stress overload, soil disintegrates into smaller compound structures, conventionally named aggregates. Microaggregates (&lt;250 µm) are recognized as the most stable soil structural units. They are built of mineral, organic, and biotic materials, provide habitats for a vast diversity of microorganisms, and are closely involved in the cycling of matter and energy. However, exploring the architecture of soil microaggregates and their linkage to soil functions remains a challenging but demanding scientific endeavor. With the advent of complementary spectromicroscopic and tomographic techniques, we can now assess and visualize the size, composition, and porosity of microaggregates and the spatial arrangement of their interior building units. Their combinations with advanced experimental pedology, multi-isotope labeling experiments, and computational approaches pave the way to investigate microaggregate turnover and stability, explore their role in element cycling, and unravel the intricate linkage between structure and function. However, spectromicroscopic techniques operate at different scales and resolutions, and have specific requirements for sample preparation and microaggregate isolation; hence, special attention must be paid to both the separation of microaggregates in a reproducible manner and the synopsis of the geography of information that originates from the diverse complementary instrumental techniques. The latter calls for further development of strategies for synlocation and synscaling beyond the present state of correlative analysis. Here, we present examples of recent scientific progress and review both options and challenges of the joint application of cutting-edge techniques to achieve a sophisticated picture of the properties and functions of soil microaggregates.</p>","PeriodicalId":16802,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Plant Nutrition and Soil Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2023-09-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/jpln.202300149","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136060726","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development of an express method for measuring soil nitrate, phosphate, potassium, and pH for future in-field application","authors":"Elena Najdenko,&nbsp;Frank Lorenz,&nbsp;Hans-Werner Olfs,&nbsp;Klaus Dittert","doi":"10.1002/jpln.202300166","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jpln.202300166","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>In practical farming, there is often a need for short-term availability of information on the soil nutrient status.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Aims</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>To develop a new express method for the extraction of major plant-available nutrients and measurement of soil nutrients. In future, this method shall serve for in-field measurements of soil samples with an ion-sensitive field-effect transistor (ISFET).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Various extraction conditions such as type of extractant, soil-to-solution ratio, time, and intensity were investigated on a broad selection of dried soil samples in the laboratory. Based on 83 field-moist soil samples with varying clay contents, these conditions were compared to standard laboratory methods.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>With increasing extraction time, the nutrient concentrations increased. When the soil-to-solution ratio was reduced, a greater share of nutrients was extracted, independent of soil type. H₂O and 0.01 M CaCl₂ and standard calcium-acetate-lactate (CAL) solution proved to be too weak in the short period to reach the ISFET sensor measurement range. Higher concentrated CAL solutions performed much better. Finally, a 5-min CaCl₂ extraction followed by the removal of an aliquot for the determination of soil pH and NO₃⁻ was found to be effective. The remaining solution was then mixed with 0.20 M CAL solution for the analysis of H₂PO₄⁻ and K⁺ at 10 min of extra extraction time. This extraction method showed very good correlations with the values based on the German laboratory reference methods for pH (<i>R</i>² = 0.91) and for nitrate (<i>R</i>² = 0.95). For phosphorus and potassium, we obtained an <i>R</i>² of 0.70 and 0.81, respectively, for all soils. When soils were grouped according to clay content higher correlations were found.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A new express method based on a wet-chemical approach with a soil preparation procedure was successfully developed and validated. This seems to be a valuable basis for future in-field measurements via ISFET.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":16802,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Plant Nutrition and Soil Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2023-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/jpln.202300166","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135106636","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nitrate reductase regulation in wheat seedlings by exogenous nitrate: A possible role in tolerance to salt stress","authors":"Faouzi Horchani,&nbsp;Amal Bouallegue,&nbsp;Lotfi Mabrouk,&nbsp;Ahmed Namsi,&nbsp;Zouhaier Abbes","doi":"10.1002/jpln.202300101","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jpln.202300101","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Soil salinity is a major abiotic stress causing severe damage to plants. Thus, proper management approaches need to be developed to lessen the detrimental effect of salinity on crop growth and productivity.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Aims</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This study was conducted to investigate the putative role of nitrate (NO₃⁻) and nitrate reductase (NR) in mitigating the adverse effects of salt stress on the growth of durum wheat seedlings.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Nitrogen nutrition has been modified, in the presence of 100 mM NaCl, either by increasing the NO₃⁻ availability, the deprivation of NO₃⁻ or by the addition of sodium tungstate—an inhibitor of NR—in the culture medium.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Obtained results showed that, in the presence of 2.5 mM NO₃⁻, salt stress significantly decreased all studied growth traits (biomass production, relative growth rate, and water content). This was associated with a noteworthy reduction in total chlorophyll pigment, total carbohydrates, and protein contents. Concomitantly, NR activity was remarkably decreased. However, proline and malondialdehyde (MDA) were significantly accumulated. In the absence of NO₃⁻ as well as in the presence of tungstate, NR activities were noticeably reduced, and wheat seedling growth was further disturbed in comparison to salt-stressed seedlings grown under 2.5 mM NO₃⁻. Increasing the NO₃⁻ availability to 7.5 mM significantly restricted Cl⁻ uptake, markedly increased root and leaf NR activities, and alleviated salt stress–induced seedling growth inhibition as compared to salt-stressed seedlings grown under 2.5 mM NO₃⁻. Such effects were associated with an increase in leaf chlorophyll and protein concentrations and in root and leaf carbohydrate concentrations. Nevertheless, MDA concentrations were sharply decreased.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This study provides strong arguments highlighting the potential role of NO₃⁻ reduction in mitigating the adverse effects of salt stress on the growth of wheat plants at the early seedling stage. The enhancement of the NR activity through increasing the NO₃⁻ availability may, therefore, represent a potential strategy to overcome the salinity-mediated impairment of wheat seedlings to some extent.</p>\u0000 </","PeriodicalId":16802,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Plant Nutrition and Soil Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2023-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135741585","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Organic matter type and soil texture shape prokaryotic communities during early-stage soil structure formation","authors":"Tongyan Yao,&nbsp;Franziska Bucka,&nbsp;Ingrid Kögel-Knabner,&nbsp;Claudia Knief","doi":"10.1002/jpln.202300142","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jpln.202300142","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Organic matter (OM) serves as substrate for heterotrophic microbial growth. Soil structure supports microbial life by providing various niches for colonization. Microorganisms in turn contribute to soil structure formation.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Aims</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We aim to understand how OM of different origin and soil texture affect prokaryotic community structure and the implications on early-stage soil structure formation.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>An artificial soil incubation experiment was conducted with different types of OM, including bacterial necromass and particulate organic matter (POM) of larger or smaller size (sPOM). The mineral composition was modified to obtain a clay loam, loam, and sandy loam texture. The abundance and composition of a natural microbial inoculum were determined after 30 days of incubation by real-time PCR and 16S rRNA gene sequencing, respectively.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The different OM types had a stronger effect on the prokaryotic community structure and abundance than texture. The necromass treatment supported the most distinct prokaryotic community with the highest abundance and lowest diversity, as well as the most intense formation of water-stable microaggregates in comparison to POM and sPOM treatments. Abundant bacterial taxa in all treatments are known to include extracellular polymeric substance producers, indicating that functional redundancy warrants aggregation by gluing agents. Texture-related effects were most consistent in the POM treatment, where larger prokaryotic populations were observed in the coarser-textured soils with fewer but larger soil pores and lower soil water content.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Differences in prokaryotic community structure and abundance due to OM source indicate that aggregation is dependent on different ecological strategists, a POM-degrading population that promotes aggregation and contributes to necromass formation, and a necromass-degrading consortium in which bacteria play a major role.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":16802,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Plant Nutrition and Soil Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2023-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/jpln.202300142","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135741864","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparison of soil phosphorus extraction methods regarding their suitability for organic farming systems","authors":"Daniel J. Wanke,&nbsp;Jasmin Heichel,&nbsp;Sabine Zikeli,&nbsp;Torsten Müller,&nbsp;Tobias Edward Hartmann","doi":"10.1002/jpln.202300129","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jpln.202300129","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Organic farmers frequently report sufficient yield levels despite low or even very low soil phosphorous (P) contents questioning the applicability of widely used laboratory methods for soil P testing for organic farming.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Aims</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The aim of this study was to compare the validity of a broad range of different soil extraction methods on soils under organic management from South West Germany and to test the correlation of the measured soil P concentration with plant offtake.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Twenty-two soil samples of eight different organic farms were extracted with different solutions: (1) water, (2) CAL, (3) Olsen, (4) Mehlich 3, (5) Bray P1, (6) Bray P2, (7) NaOH+Na₂EDTA, and (8) total P. The results were then correlated with above ground plant P.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Spearman's rank correlation coefficient (<i>r</i>_s) of correlations between above ground plant P and extractable soil P (Water-P, CAL-P, and Olsen-P [+active charcoal {+AC}]) determined with ICP-OES were strong (0.94, 0.90, and 0.93, respectively). Among the tested methods, above ground plant P showed a strong correlation with CAL-P as detected by ICP-OES (<i>r</i>_s = 0.90) and colorimetry (<i>r</i>_s = 0.91). The comparison of CAL-P data provided by farmers and CAL-P analyzed during this research showed discrepancies between the results.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The results of this study indicate that the CAL method can be used in organic farming despite a low extraction of organic P (P_org). Furthermore, it is recommended for farmers to take soil samples for analyses regularly and interpret changes in P in the long-term instead of interpreting individual samples.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":16802,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Plant Nutrition and Soil Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2023-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/jpln.202300129","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50132257","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of in-season split application of nitrogen on intra-panicle grain dynamics, grain quality, and vegetative indices that govern nitrogen use efficiency in sorghum","authors":"Troy J. Ostmeyer,&nbsp;Somayanda M. Impa,&nbsp;Scott R. Bean,&nbsp;Rajveer Dhillon,&nbsp;Chad Hayes,&nbsp;Glen Ritchie,&nbsp;Antonio R. Asebedo,&nbsp;Yves Emendack,&nbsp;S. V. Krishna Jagadish","doi":"10.1002/jpln.202200325","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jpln.202200325","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The correct rate and timing of nitrogen (N) has the potential to improve sorghum productivity through modified grain yield components and quality. The impacts of in-season split application of N have little documentation.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Aim</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>An experiment was conducted to determine the optimum rate and timing of N to relate vegetative indices that govern nitrogen use efficiency and to maximize grain yield and quality under different soil types.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Pioneer 86P20 was grown in three environments on two different soil types following a completely randomized block design with nine N application treatments. Treatments included differing N rates applied at critical developmental stages of sorghum (planting, panicle initiation, and booting), accompanied with high temporal aerial phenotyping.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Opportunities to increase grain protein content while using split N applications were observed, with panicle initiation identified as a critical developmental stage. In-season split application of N enhances grain yield under low soil mineral N. Split application of 31 kg N ha⁻¹ each at the time of planting, panicle initiation, and booting emerged as optimum N treatment to increase protein content in sorghum. Vegetative indices, that is, normalized difference vegetation index and normalized difference red edge index are capable of predicting grain yield and protein content, respectively. Intra-panicle grain numbers and weights were altered significantly at different portions within panicles, with an opportunity to enhance yield potential at the bottom portion. The strong stay-green trait in this hybrid locked a large proportion of nitrogen in the leaves, which warrants the need for balancing stay-green and senescence in sorghum improvement programs.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Findings highlight that in grain sorghum remobilization of residual leaf N into grain is a target to increase yield and grain quality. An optimized stay-green trait balanced with senescence is recommended for enhancing sorghum yield potential.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":16802,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Plant Nutrition and Soil Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2023-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/jpln.202200325","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135741743","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Synergistic relationships between the age of soil organic matter, Fe speciation, and aggregate stability in an arable Luvisol","authors":"Nina Siebers,&nbsp;Eva Voggenreiter,&nbsp;Prachi Joshi,&nbsp;Janet Rethemeyer,&nbsp;Liming Wang","doi":"10.1002/jpln.202300020","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jpln.202300020","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Knowledge of soil aggregate formation and stability is essential, as this is important for maintaining soil functions.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Aims</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This study aimed to investigate the influence of organic matter (OM), the content of pedogenic iron (Fe) (oxyhydr)oxides, and aggregate size on the stability of aggregates in arable soil.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>To this end, the Ap and Bt horizons of a Luvisol were sampled after 14 years of bare fallow, and the results were compared with a control field that had been permanently cropped.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>In the Ap horizon, bare fallow decreased the median diameter of the 53–250 µm size fraction by 26%. Simultaneously, the mass of the 20–53 µm size fraction increased by 65%, indicating reduced stability—particularly of larger soil microaggregates—due to the lack of input of fresh OM. The range of ¹⁴carbon (¹⁴C) fraction of modern C (F¹⁴C) under bare fallow was between 0.50 and 0.90, and thus lower than the cropped site (F¹⁴C between 0.75 and 1.01), which is particularly pronounced in the smallest size fraction, indicating the presence of older C. This higher stability and the reduced C turnover in &lt;20 µm aggregates is probably also due to having the highest content of poorly crystalline Fe (oxy)hydroxides, compared to the other size fractions, which act as a cementing agent. Colloid transport from the Ap to the Bt horizon was observed under bare fallow treatment.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The lack of input of OM decreased the stability of microaggregates and led to a release of mobile colloids, the transport of which can initiate elemental fluxes with as-yet unknown environmental consequences.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":16802,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Plant Nutrition and Soil Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2023-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/jpln.202300020","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134990582","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Different responses of enzyme activities to 6-year warming after transplant of the 12 types of soils","authors":"Shujie Miao,&nbsp;Xingyao Wu,&nbsp;Yan Guo,&nbsp;Hongfei Zhao,&nbsp;Yunfa Qiao","doi":"10.1002/jpln.202200277","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jpln.202200277","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Soil enzymes regulate terrestrial nutrient cycles, and their activities are sensitive to environmental change. Facing climate warming, there are still contradictions over soil enzymes of different soil types in response to climate warming.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Aims</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The present study aims to reveal the impact of elevated temperature on soil properties. Specifically, we intended to explore the relationship between the activity of soil enzyme and soil property facing elevated temperature across soil types.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A long-term warming experiment was conducted to assess the possible responses of three enzymes (urease, phosphatase, and sucrase) to elevated temperature across 12 soil types. These soils were collected across China and transported to Nanjing in 2016. Free air temperature increase system with an infrared radiation heater was used to elevate the air temperature by 2°C in elevated treatment (eT). Wheat–soybean continuous rotation was cultivated in the long-term experiment field since 2016. Enzyme activities, soil pH, soil organic carbon, available nitrogen (AN) and phosphorus (AP), and water content were measured after wheat harvest in 2021.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Warming significantly increased the activities of urease and sucrase in most soil types but dramatically decreased phosphatase activity. The responses of the three enzyme activities to warming varied across soil types, which depended on soil properties. In contrast, soil pH was the major driver in regulating urease activity. Soil AN and water content were two key factors for driving phosphatase activity. However, no such relationship was found for sucrase activity. All these responses did not show obvious regional characteristics.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>These results suggested that soil enzyme was sensitive to air warming, which was associated with different soil properties. Thus, managing soil variables might be a potential strategy to maintain soil enzymatic activity in facing future climate warming.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":16802,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Plant Nutrition and Soil Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2023-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50153218","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessing the intensity of reduction and restoration of irrigated lands’ state in the Republic of Bashkortostan","authors":"Vera Snezhko,&nbsp;Pavel Mikheev,&nbsp;Dmitrii Benin,&nbsp;Nadezhda Gavrilovskaya,&nbsp;Larisa Zhuravleva","doi":"10.1002/jpln.202300147","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jpln.202300147","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Irrigation of lands over time leads to such negative processes as land salinization and waterlogging, reduction of soil fertility, changes in the chemical composition of groundwater, and the emergence of linear and irrigation erosion. The land improvement (ameliorative) categories adopted in Russia and several post-Soviet countries determine their suitability for agricultural use and the focus of measures to preserve potential soil fertility.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Aims</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The study aims to build a mathematical model to assess the intensity of the reduction and restoration of irrigated lands’ state in the Republic of Bashkortostan.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The methods of the theory of random processes are proposed to estimate the intensity of reduction and restoration of irrigated lands’ state on the territory of the Republic.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>As a result of the calculations, the values of intensities characterizing changes in the state of land in the region were obtained. The practical significance of the developed model consists of the possibility of short-term forecasting and determination of the necessary intensity of land quality restoration taking into account planned values during the given period.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The offered indicator of intensity and the method of its definition can be used in research of similar processes proceeding on agricultural lands within the limits of large spatial units.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":16802,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Plant Nutrition and Soil Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2023-08-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50152953","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}