{"title":"Highly sensitive red-emitting carbon dot-based fluorescence sensor for simultaneous detection of copper ions and L-histidine in environmental and biomedical samples","authors":"Shan Huang, Pingping Mu, Guixin Li, Wei Ni, Yi Fang, Fuxiang Wei, Qi Xiao","doi":"10.1016/j.jphotochem.2025.116588","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jphotochem.2025.116588","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The detection of Cu<sup>2+</sup> ions and L-histidine (L-His), which are crucial trace elements and amino acids in biological systems, is of paramount importance for environmental health, food safety, and clinical diagnosis. However, conventional detection methods often suffer from drawbacks such as complexity, time-consuming procedures, and high costs. To address these challenges, we have developed an efficient, sensitive, and straightforward detection techniques. In this study, we successfully synthesized red-emitting carbon dots (R-CDs) with a remarkable quantum yield of 26.6 % and devised an R-CDs-based fluorescence sensor that operates via an “on-off-on” mode for the simultaneous detection of Cu<sup>2+</sup> ions and L-His. The sensor's working principle involves the static quenching of R-CDs fluorescence upon the addition of Cu<sup>2+</sup> ions, followed by the restoration of fluorescence through the competitive binding of L-His to Cu<sup>2+</sup> ions. This approach enables the ultrasensitive detection of Cu<sup>2+</sup> ions and L-His, with detection limits as low as 0.58 μM and 0.45 μM, respectively. The sensor has been effectively applied to detect Cu<sup>2+</sup> ions in environmental water samples and L-His in human blood, food additives, and health-care products. It demonstrates excellent selectivity, strong anti-interference ability, and high accuracy, with recovery rates ranging from 95.0 % to 105.0 %. Owing to its simplicity, rapidity, cost-effectiveness, and high sensitivity, the proposed R-CDs-based fluorescence sensor holds great promise as a valuable tool for environmental monitoring, food safety assessment, and clinical diagnosis. Future efforts will focus on further optimizing the sensor's performance and exploring its applications in a broader range of real-world samples, thereby providing substantial support for scientific research and technological advancements in related fields.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16782,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology A-chemistry","volume":"469 ","pages":"Article 116588"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-06-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144491208","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jinkai Wang , Yingzhe Wang , Yingchao Zhang , Xiangzhuo Han , Zhanchen Cui , Zuosen Shi
{"title":"Ultra-sensitive optical waveguide sensor with D–π–A chromophore for fluoride ion detection","authors":"Jinkai Wang , Yingzhe Wang , Yingchao Zhang , Xiangzhuo Han , Zhanchen Cui , Zuosen Shi","doi":"10.1016/j.jphotochem.2025.116593","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jphotochem.2025.116593","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>We present a polymer optical waveguide sensor for fluoride ion (F<sup>−</sup>) detection utilizing D–π–A dipolar molecules functionalized with tert-butyl dimethyl siloxane (TBS) groups. The sensing mechanism relies on F<sup>−</sup>-induced cleavage of Si<img>O bonds through a desilylation reaction, which triggers a corresponding fluorescence quenching at 607 nm. By employing a 532 nm excitation laser and exploiting evanescent field interactions at waveguide interfaces, we developed an optical sensing platform that enables both qualitative identification and quantitative measurement of trace F<sup>−</sup> concentrations through real-time fluorescence monitoring. The sensor demonstrates exceptional performance with an ultra-low detection limit of 2.25 ppb and rapid response characteristics (≈3 s). The device architecture permits configuration into multiple parallel detection channels, making it particularly promising for high-efficiency environmental monitoring and biomedical applications requiring simultaneous multi-sample analysis. Furthermore, the sensor exhibits excellent anti-interference capability and specific detection performance, demonstrating reliable detection characteristics both in the presence of other interfering substances and in practical sample applications. The combination of superior sensitivity, rapid response, and scalable design positions this platform as a significant advancement in optical chemical sensing technology</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16782,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology A-chemistry","volume":"469 ","pages":"Article 116593"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-06-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144472290","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Beytullah Tatar , Büşra Say , Zeynep Demirsoy , Ayşe İlayda Boyacı , Gülcihan Gülseren , Yusuf Cakmak
{"title":"Design and synthesis of hydrazone-substituted BODIPY derivatives for photodynamic therapy","authors":"Beytullah Tatar , Büşra Say , Zeynep Demirsoy , Ayşe İlayda Boyacı , Gülcihan Gülseren , Yusuf Cakmak","doi":"10.1016/j.jphotochem.2025.116592","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jphotochem.2025.116592","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this study, we substituted BODIPY dyes through hydrazone bonds at their 2- and 3-positions, formed new building blocks, and studied their efficacy in the pH-controlled release of photosensitizer units for targeted photodynamic therapy in cancer treatment. Two different singlet oxygen quenching mechanisms, C<img>N bond isomerization and Förster resonance energy transfer, were studied in two distinct structures, <strong>A</strong> and <strong>B</strong>. In one part of this work, the previously discovered direct C<img>N bond attachment/detachment effect on <sup>1</sup>O<sub>2</sub> production was studied using a longer wavelength-absorbing compound, <strong>A</strong>. The synthesis of styryl-substituted hydrazone-BODIPY compounds (<em>e.g.</em> compound <strong>A</strong>) is challenging, but this was successfully achieved for the first time in the current study. The design and synthesis of new hydrazone BODIPY derivatives and their activation capabilities at low pH for targeted photodynamic action were elucidated. With compounds <strong>A</strong> and <strong>B</strong>, it was demonstrated that singlet oxygen production could be successfully minimized using a C<img>N bond substitution strategy through both isomerization and FRET mechanisms in varying proportions. And the cleavage of the corresponding hydrazone bonds can convert the structures into cytotoxic <sup>1</sup>O<sub>2</sub>-producing units for targeted cancer therapy. In the photocytotoxicity studies with low-pH-adjusted media, <sup>1</sup>O<sub>2</sub> production was unlocked effectively with compound <strong>A</strong> (250 nM, with MCF-7 cells) and <strong>B</strong> (500 nM, with HeLa cells) at pH 6.8.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16782,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology A-chemistry","volume":"469 ","pages":"Article 116592"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-06-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144491196","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Huan Li , Xuefeng Jiang , Luxin Liu , Wenjuan Lu , Zezhou Liang , Chunyan Yang , Junfeng Tong
{"title":"Effect of ether chain length in the perylenediimide-based dimeric acceptors with asymmetric 6-(thien-2-yl)benzo[b]thiophene linker","authors":"Huan Li , Xuefeng Jiang , Luxin Liu , Wenjuan Lu , Zezhou Liang , Chunyan Yang , Junfeng Tong","doi":"10.1016/j.jphotochem.2025.116589","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jphotochem.2025.116589","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Asymmetric acceptors have gained the increasing attention because of the stronger intermolecular binding energy, the larger natural dipole moment, and the antiparallel packing. However, asymmetric perylene diimide (PDI) dimeric acceptors were not fully investigated. In this contribution, two asymmetric 6-(thien-2-yl)benzo[<em>b</em>]thiophene (T-BTh) core linked dimeric PDI acceptors, T-BTh-(PDI-OMe)<sub>2</sub> and T-BTh-(PDI-EG)<sub>2</sub>, with the outside-bay methoxy (OMe) and 2-methxoyethanoxyl (EG) modified PDI-OMe and PDI-EG aromatic moieties as flanked wings, were developed to elucidate the effect of ether chain length. Extending the flexible ether chain from OMe to EG acquired a decreased thermo-stability, a weakened absorption response between 450 nm and 650 nm, a close solution state aggregation, a strengthened aggregation in both pristine and blend films, and a deepened <em>E</em><sub>LUMO</sub>. Thus, the relatively shorter OMe ether chain modified PTB7-Th:T-BTh-(PDI-OMe)<sub>2</sub>-based device delivered a <em>V</em><sub>OC</sub> of 0.84 V, a <em>J</em><sub>SC</sub> of 6.62 mA cm<sup>−2</sup> and an FF of 41.81 %, contributing to a winning PCE of 2.33 % and better storage device stability. In the similar testing condition, longer EG ether chain modified PTB7-Th:T-BTh-(PDI-EG)<sub>2</sub>-based device got the decreased PCE as low as 0.99 %. The decline in PCE could be primarily attributed to the deepened the <em>E</em><sub>LUMO</sub>, the worse absorption, the reduced electron mobility resulting from poor miscibility, and the rougher surface morphology. When the electron donor PM6 was applied, T-BTh-(PDI-OMe)<sub>2</sub>-based device afforded the higher <em>V</em><sub>OC</sub> of 0.96 V but reduced PCE of 1.61 %. These preliminary results implied that it should be cautious to extend the bay-position flexible ether chain, which would affect the molecular geometry, optoelectronic property, and further reduce device efficiency of the asymmetric core linked PDI-based dimers.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16782,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology A-chemistry","volume":"469 ","pages":"Article 116589"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-06-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144491198","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ventsislav V. Bakov , Nikolai I. Georgiev , Nikol G. Donkova , Vladimir B. Bojinov
{"title":"Ratiometric 1,8-naphthalimide/1,2,4-triazole conjugates as highly sensitive and self-regenerating solid-state “naked eye” probes for ammonia and low molecular weight volatile amines","authors":"Ventsislav V. Bakov , Nikolai I. Georgiev , Nikol G. Donkova , Vladimir B. Bojinov","doi":"10.1016/j.jphotochem.2025.116590","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jphotochem.2025.116590","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The development of reliable low-cost fluorescent probes for real-time detection of toxic volatile organic amines, especially predominant ammonia, entails a significant social effect related to food safety and protection of public health and the environment. However, traditional organic fluorophores are usually effective only in dilute solutions, which is why extending the principles of molecular sensors from solution to solid phase is currently becoming a top priority. That is why, herein we focused on the synthesis and photophysical study in solution and solid-state of two 1,8-naphthalimide/1,2,4-triazole conjugates possessing unusually high for the 4-amino-1,8-naphthalimides acidity of the C-4 nitrogen atom. Due to their unusually high acidity, the new compounds easily deprotonate their C-4 nitrogen not only in solution, but also in the solid state (thin film and strip paper) in the presence of volatile amines. Furthermore, it is worth emphasizing that the formed in the presence of basic vapors non-fluorescent anions are rapidly neutralized in a neutral atmosphere without the need for additional acidification of the medium. The results obtained clearly showed the high potential of the synthesized compounds as self-regenerating solid-state ratiometric probes for colorimetric and fluorescent detection of volatile low molecular biogenic amines and they can be considered as an effective platform for rapid detecting toxic gaseous species in our surrounding environment.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16782,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology A-chemistry","volume":"469 ","pages":"Article 116590"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-06-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144364399","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Arif Nawaz , Tauseef Khan , Jalwa Afreeq , Adnan Khan , Nisar Ali , Haifa Zhai , Rayya Ahmed Al Balushi , Mohammad M. Al-Hinaai , Thuraya Al-Harthy , Yong Yang
{"title":"Enhanced charge carrier separation and optoelectronic properties of stable double perovskite photocatalyst and its photocatalytic and electrochemical applications","authors":"Arif Nawaz , Tauseef Khan , Jalwa Afreeq , Adnan Khan , Nisar Ali , Haifa Zhai , Rayya Ahmed Al Balushi , Mohammad M. Al-Hinaai , Thuraya Al-Harthy , Yong Yang","doi":"10.1016/j.jphotochem.2025.116543","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jphotochem.2025.116543","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The ultra-fast growth of different industries compensating living beings tailed with discharge of hazardous synthetic and volatile organic compounds into freshwater streams has disturbed the entire ecosystem. In current study perovskite photocatalyst has been designed and fabricated by anchoring metal cations of high and low valence state atoms. The different valences state atoms in the photocatalyst lattice serve as electron reservoir and dynamically adjust the valence state of material during photocatalytic and electrochemical applications. The fabricated perovskite was confirmed by various characterizations such as FTIR, XRD, EDX, SEM, HR-TEM. SEM analysis showing regular cubic morphology of fabricated material. The crystallinity was further confirmed by HR-TEM analysis. The calculated optical band gap from tauce’s equation lies in visible range (2.15 eV). The removal of EB dye at optimal condition was 99.21 % follows first order kinetics with R<sup>2</sup> value 0.96. Cyclic Voltammetry (CV) showed a maximum current intensity 24 uA at 2.6 nM for oxalic acid. The significance of the RSM applied model was confirmed from the ANOVA of the model with 360.78F value and a lack of fit P-value of 0.53. The statistical investigations were in good agreement between the proposed model and experimental data. The high AP value 63.04 from 4 and the low coefficient of variance (CV) value of (2.62 %) confirmed the validation of the model.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16782,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology A-chemistry","volume":"469 ","pages":"Article 116543"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144364400","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Xavier Allonas, Boris Métral, Ariana Villarroel-Marquez, Christian Ley, Céline Croutxé-Barghorn
{"title":"Predicting 3D printing critical parameters from Basic photochemical principles in vat photopolymerization","authors":"Xavier Allonas, Boris Métral, Ariana Villarroel-Marquez, Christian Ley, Céline Croutxé-Barghorn","doi":"10.1016/j.jphotochem.2025.116572","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jphotochem.2025.116572","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Vat photopolymerization technologies have emerged rapidly in the field of additive manufacturing. In this technology, the Jacobs working curve is considered the cornerstone for defining printing parameters. Understanding the underlying mechanisms occurring during 3D printing becomes mandatory. In this work, attempt was made to highlight the factors governing the critical energy and the depth of penetration. By systematically varying coinitiator concentrations in the isopropylthioxanthone (ITX) /coinitiator system —and thus modifying photopolymerization efficiency— we investigate their influence on maximum conversion, polymerization rate, and critical energy (Ec). A central finding is the direct correlation between inhibition time, quantum yield of radicals, and critical energy, establishing a predictive framework for resin reactivity. The results indicate that inhibition time strongly dictates Ec, providing an improved understanding of polymerization initiation in oxygen-inhibited environments. Furthermore, while ITX achieves high efficiency when combined with coinitiators such as N-phenylglycine (NPG) or ethyldimethylaminobenzoate (EDB), it is shown that it can initiate the photopolymerization alone, although at lower extent. These findings offer valuable insights for optimizing resin formulations in vat photopolymerization 3D printing, where precise control over polymerization kinetics is essential for print fidelity, layer adhesion, and mechanical performance.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16782,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology A-chemistry","volume":"469 ","pages":"Article 116572"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144472289","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Tayeb Ouis , Khaoula Khezami , Mahmut Durmuş , Salima Saidi-Besbes
{"title":"Water soluble 1,2,3-triazole based metal-free, zinc(II) and indium(III) phthalocyanines: Synthesis, characterization, photochemical and photophysical properties","authors":"Tayeb Ouis , Khaoula Khezami , Mahmut Durmuş , Salima Saidi-Besbes","doi":"10.1016/j.jphotochem.2025.116575","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jphotochem.2025.116575","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A series of novel water-soluble metal-free, zinc(II) and indium(III) (triethylene glycol methyl ether)-1<em>H</em>-1,2,3-triazole substituted phthalocyanines (Pcs) were synthesized and characterized using a range of spectroscopic techniques. The photophysical and photochemical properties, including singlet oxygen generation and photodegradation quantum yields, were determined in order to assess the effect of the substituent and central metal ions on the spectroscopic and photophysicochemical properties of the Pcs. The production of singlet oxygen was found to be dependent on the structure of the phthalocyanine (Pc), the metal ion incorporated within the phthalocyanine cavity, and the solvent. The indium(III) phthalocyanine exhibited the highest singlet oxygen generation capability, with a singlet oxygen quantum yield (Φ<sub>Δ</sub>) of 0.87, 0.23 and 0.74 in DMSO, water and water-Triton X-100 mixture, respectively. All the Pcs demonstrated high stability against decomposition under light irradiation, with a photodegradation quantum yield (Φ<sub>d</sub>) in the range of 10<sup>−5</sup>. The indium(III) phthalocyanine presents a promising potential as a Type II photosensitizer candidate for photodynamic therapy in cancer treatment.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16782,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology A-chemistry","volume":"469 ","pages":"Article 116575"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-06-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144335681","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Aya S. Mohamed , Mostafa R. Abukkhadra , Ezzat A. Abdallah , Ahmed M. El-Sherbeeny , Rehab K. Mahmoud
{"title":"Corrigendum to “The photocatalytic performance of silica fume based Co3O4/MCM-41 green nanocomposite for instantaneous degradation of Omethoate pesticide under visible light“ [J. Photochem. & Photobiol. A: Chem. 392 (2020) 112434/ https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jphotochem.2020.112434]","authors":"Aya S. Mohamed , Mostafa R. Abukkhadra , Ezzat A. Abdallah , Ahmed M. El-Sherbeeny , Rehab K. Mahmoud","doi":"10.1016/j.jphotochem.2025.116574","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jphotochem.2025.116574","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":16782,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology A-chemistry","volume":"469 ","pages":"Article 116574"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-06-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144633396","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Meng-Qi Tuo, Jia-Xin Fan, De-Cong Qiao, Di Ma, Wan-Lin Zhao, Zi-Yue Hu, Bo Liu, Jiu-Fu Lu
{"title":"Solvent/pH-directed synthesis of Mn coordination polymers for enhanced photoelectrocatalytic water splitting","authors":"Meng-Qi Tuo, Jia-Xin Fan, De-Cong Qiao, Di Ma, Wan-Lin Zhao, Zi-Yue Hu, Bo Liu, Jiu-Fu Lu","doi":"10.1016/j.jphotochem.2025.116586","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jphotochem.2025.116586","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>As global energy demands escalate, hydrogen energy has emerged as a pivotal clean energy source. However, developing high-performance, low-cost catalysts for the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) remains a critical challenge. Herein, the controlled assembly of ligand 4-CPCA with manganese chloride through pH modulation and solvent regulation yields three distinct coordination architectures: a zero-dimensional Mn(II) monomer {Mn(H₂O)₂[H(4-CPCA)]₂}·2H₂O (<strong>SNUT-18</strong>), a one-dimensional chain (1D) [Mn(H₂O)₃(4-CPCA)]ₙ (<strong>SNUT-33</strong>), and a two-dimensional bilayer (2D) [Mn(H₂O)₂(4-CPCA)·H₂O]ₙ (<strong>SNUT-34</strong>). (4-CPCA = 1-(4-carboxyphenyl)-4-oxo-1,4-dihydropyridazine-3-carboxylic acid.; DMA = dimethylacetamide). Structural characterization confirmed the crystal structure, while solid-state UV–vis diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (UV–Vis DRS) and Mott-Schottky (M-S) analysis identified their n-type semiconductor behavior. Electrocatalytic evaluation revealed that <strong>SNUT-18</strong>, <strong>SNUT-33</strong>, and <strong>SNUT-34</strong> exhibited significantly reduced overpotentials, lower Tafel slopes, and decreased electrochemical impedance Under simulated solar irradiation (300 W Xe lamp). This work highlights the critical role of structural dimensionality in optimizing photoelectrocatalytic OER activity.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16782,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology A-chemistry","volume":"469 ","pages":"Article 116586"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-06-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144322010","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}