Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology A-chemistry最新文献

{"title":"On a nanocontainer having a magnetic core and a porous shell loaded with Erythrosin B for the optical sensing and adsorption of perfluorooctane sulfonate","authors":"Rou Cai ,&nbsp;Yu Jiang ,&nbsp;Qi Liu ,&nbsp;Weidong Li ,&nbsp;Jianping Qiu","doi":"10.1016/j.jphotochem.2025.116604","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jphotochem.2025.116604","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The pollution of <em>per</em>- and poly-fluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) has attracted increasing research attention due to their wide applications in daily life, which consequently demands reliable detection and treatment techniques for PFAS pollutants. In this work, we intend to construct an optical sensing and removal platform (denoted as EB@Fe₃O₄) for perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS), using Erythrosin B (EB) as the probe and a core-shell structure of Fe₃O₄-silica as the carrier. The optical sensing performance of EB towards PFOS was first discussed through its photophysical responses to PFOS, including absorption spectra, emission spectra, and emission quantum yields. An emission turn-on effect was observed from EB after adding PFOS with the help of hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) due to the interaction between EB:CTAB micelles and PFOS. An optimal concentration ratio of EB:CTAB was determined as 0.5 μM:80 μM. Then, this core-shell structure was characterized and confirmed by SEM (scanning electron microscopy), XRD (X-ray diffraction), N₂ adsorption/desorption, and TGA (thermal gravimetric analysis). The guest molecules of EB:CTAB were loaded into the porous tunnels of EB@Fe₃O₄ with a weight ratio of 34 %. EB@Fe₃O₄ showed a linear emission turn-on effect within the PFOS concentration region of 0 to 14 μM, with a LOD of 0.29 μM and good sensing selectivity (except for perfluorooctanoic acid). EB@Fe₃O₄ could remove PFOS effectively, with an adsorption capacity of 0.115 mg/g.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16782,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology A-chemistry","volume":"469 ","pages":"Article 116604"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144580608","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sustainable ammonia-driven large-scale synthesis of low-defect poly(heptazine imide) for boosted photocatalytic hydrogen evolution","authors":"Zhengliang Zhao ,&nbsp;Zehui Jia ,&nbsp;Shuting Zhang ,&nbsp;Zhenzhen Song ,&nbsp;Jun Zhou ,&nbsp;Zhu Shu","doi":"10.1016/j.jphotochem.2025.116600","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jphotochem.2025.116600","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The synthesis of crystalline poly(heptazine imide) (PHI) represents a promising approach to enhance the photocatalytic activity of carbon nitride. However, achieving high yields of PHI has been a persistent challenge in the field. Herein, we introduced a novel one-step strategy for large-scale synthesis of PHI by thermal heating a mixture of melamine, KSCN and NH₄Cl. Benefitting from the dual effects of the by-product precursor NH₄SCN, produced from the reaction of KSCN and NH₄Cl, as well as the maintenance of a sustainable NH₃ atmosphere, the yields of the resultant PHIx samples can reach up to 100.5 % relative to 2 g of melamine. Among these samples, PHI2 stands out due to its superior crystallinity and minimal defect density compared to conventional PHI. As a result, the photocatalytic H₂ evolution reaction (HER) rate of PHI2 is 7.0 times than that of PHI. Furthermore, PHI2 demonstrates an exceptional apparent quantum efficiency (AQE) of 30.7 % at a wavelength of 420 nm. The enhanced HER rate and AQE of PHI2 are attributed to the reduced defect density in its conjugated heptazine skeleton, which facilitates efficient charge carrier separation and transfer. This work not only achieves high-yield production of PHI but also paves the way for the large-scale application of carbon nitride photocatalysts.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16782,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology A-chemistry","volume":"469 ","pages":"Article 116600"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144522253","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Photodynamic antibacterial potential of pomegranate peel-derived carbon quantum dots synthesized via pyrolytic and hydrothermal methods","authors":"Tzu-Hao Huang ,&nbsp;Yi-Chun Chen ,&nbsp;Wen-Cheng Wang ,&nbsp;Yu-Tung Yen ,&nbsp;Yung-Pin Tsai ,&nbsp;Chia-Hua Lin","doi":"10.1016/j.jphotochem.2025.116603","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jphotochem.2025.116603","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this study, carbon quantum dots (CQDs) were synthesized from pomegranate peel via pyrolytic (PY-ppCQD) and hydrothermal (HT-ppCQD) methods at 160 °C and 180 °C. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) revealed uniformly dispersed nanoparticles with diameters ranging from 2 to 5 nm and lattice fringes indicative of graphitic carbon structures. FTIR and XPS analyses confirmed the presence of surface functional groups—such as hydroxyl, carboxyl, and carbonyl moieties—originating from the polyphenolic components of the raw biomass, indicating effective retention of bioactive functionalities. Cytotoxicity assessment using the MTT assay showed dose-dependent effects on HEK-293 cells, with significant inhibition observed at 800 μg/mL, supporting the selection of 0–400 μg/mL for subsequent antibacterial evaluations. The antibacterial efficacy of CQDs against <em>Staphylococcus aureus</em> (SA) was assessed via OD600 and colony-forming unit (CFU) measurements, revealing concentration-dependent growth inhibition, with PY-ppCQD exhibiting slightly superior activity compared to HT-ppCQD, particularly at 400 μg/mL. Under 440 nm blue light irradiation, antibacterial activity was significantly enhanced for both CQDs, attributed to the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) that induce bacterial membrane damage. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) further confirmed morphological deformation and cell rupture, especially in the PY-ppCQD-treated groups under light exposure. These findings demonstrate that pomegranate peel-derived CQDs—particularly those prepared via pyrolysis—possess strong intrinsic and photo-enhanced antibacterial properties, highlighting their potential as sustainable and multifunctional nanomaterials for biomedical and antimicrobial applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16782,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology A-chemistry","volume":"469 ","pages":"Article 116603"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144522254","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Improving the efficiency of ultraviolet-C light-emitting diode water disinfection reactors by using light guide plates","authors":"Chien-Ping Wang,&nbsp;Jhen-Wei Hong","doi":"10.1016/j.jphotochem.2025.116601","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jphotochem.2025.116601","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Light guide plates have been widely used to convert light-emitting diode (LED) point light sources into uniform surface light sources for lighting and backlighting applications. Because of their unique optical features, light guide plates can be used to achieve uniform ultraviolet light irradiation of microbes in water and to improve the performance of reactors equipped with ultraviolet-C LEDs. This study examined the effects of LED arrangement and microstructural pattern on irradiance uniformity and on <em>Escherichia coli</em> inactivation effectiveness. Four LGP configurations (single-side emission with uniform microstructures (SU), single-side emission with gradient microstructures (SG), double-side emission with uniform microstructures (DU) and double-side emission with symmetric microstructures (DS)) were designed in this study to improve irradiance uniformity. Simulations and experiments were conducted to determine the ultraviolet fluence received by microbes and the inactivation value of <em>E. coli</em>. The simulation results indicated that the DS configuration had the highest irradiance uniformity value of 85.7 %, which was approximately 62.3 %, 38.1 %, and 22.7 % higher than the values of the SU, DU, and SG configurations, respectively. Similarly, the experimental results indicated that the DS configuration had the highest inactivation value of 5.1 log at a flow rate of 300 mL/min, which was 19.0 %, 13.4 %, and 10.4 % higher than the values of the SU, DU, and SG configurations, respectively. In summary, this study developed a novel light guide plate configuration that can improve the efficiency of ultraviolet-C LED water disinfection reactors.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16782,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology A-chemistry","volume":"469 ","pages":"Article 116601"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144522252","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Synthesis of pyridinium-based fluorescence compounds with different counter anions and their piezochromism property and antimicrobial activity","authors":"Cheng Zeng,&nbsp;Richao Shen,&nbsp;Yong Li,&nbsp;Jiawei Lv,&nbsp;Yasong Cao,&nbsp;Haowen Huang,&nbsp;Sanbao Wang,&nbsp;Hongting Fan,&nbsp;Shuangyu Dong,&nbsp;Ziqiang Lei,&nbsp;Hengchang Ma","doi":"10.1016/j.jphotochem.2025.116594","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jphotochem.2025.116594","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In the field of organic chemistry, synthesizing fluorescence compounds with multiple emission colors is an interesting but great challenging work, which usually requires several tedious steps and is also costly less effective, time-consuming et al. In this contribution, pyridinium-based fluorescence compounds (named as <strong>TPB/anion</strong> derivatives) were obtained by simply replacing the accompanied anions at room temperature. It was found that the anions totally managed the optical performance of the <strong>TPB</strong> core, leading to the products with emission wavelength located from 479 to 594 nm in their solid state. Meanwhile, due to the very twisted conformation and intramolecular electron donating (D) and accepting (A) interaction, these <strong>TPB/anion</strong> derivatives were highly sensitive to the external force, demonstrating the smart behavior of piezochromism property. Hereof, we convinced that the interactions between the negative counter-ion with <strong>TPB</strong> framework makes great contribution to the multiple emission colors and piezochromism property. Beyond that, three <strong>TPB/anion</strong> derivatives were successfully employed as antimicrobial materials due to the positively charged skeleton (used as anchor to the bacteria membrane) and excellent reactive oxygen species (ROS) generating capability, this synergetic antimicrobial activity is extremely favorable to overcome the drug resistance in the future. What should be noted that the used <strong>TPB/anion</strong> derivatives are of excellent selectivity of bacteria killing performance to <em>Methicillin-resistant S. aureus</em> rather than <em>E. coli</em>, <em>E. faecalis</em> and <em>P. aeruginosa</em>. <em>T.</em>, the preliminary research result confirmed the better affinity between the <strong>TPB</strong> derivatives with <em>Methicillin-resistant S. aureus</em> played an important role for the effective antimicrobial activity.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16782,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology A-chemistry","volume":"469 ","pages":"Article 116594"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144501601","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sonoluminescence spectroscopic analysis of samarium(II) in a colloidal suspension","authors":"Bulat M. Gareev,&nbsp;Airat M. Abdrakhmanov,&nbsp;Svetlana M. Yakupova,&nbsp;Glyus L. Sharipov","doi":"10.1016/j.jphotochem.2025.116598","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jphotochem.2025.116598","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Colloidal suspensions of samarium(II)-containing nanoparticles with a size of up to 50 nm were prepared by multibubble ultrasonic dispersion of SmCl₂·0.5H₂O crystal powder with different contents in dodecane. During moving single-bubble sonolysis of these suspensions, a narrow band with a maximum at 704 nm, appeared in their luminescence spectra, against the broad structureless luminescence band (continuum), typical of most liquid–bubble systems. The recorded sonoluminescence band coincides in the position with the luminescence band of the Sm²⁺ ion in samarium chloride crystals, or in a suspension of samarium nanoparticles in dodecane. The appearance of the characteristic Sm²⁺ sonoluminescence band in the ultrasonic luminescence spectrum is caused by the entry of samarium salt nanoparticles into the moving (and thus deformed) bubble, which occurs by the known mechanism of injection of a liquid containing small nanoparticles through the deformed boundary of the gas cavity, and by the collisional electronic excitation of Sm²⁺ ions followed by emission of light in the bubble plasma, which periodically appears during the ultrasonic vibrations. The dependence of the maximum intensity of the Sm²⁺ band on the initial amount of dispersed samarium(II) salt was plotted, which can be used to determine Sm(II) on the basis of characteristic sonoluminescence intensity.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16782,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology A-chemistry","volume":"469 ","pages":"Article 116598"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144516885","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exclusion complexes of γ-cyclodextrin with conjugation-extended viologens displaying photochromic and fluorescent properties in solid-state","authors":"Chen-Yan Xu,&nbsp;Yu-Lian Wu,&nbsp;Rui-Lian Lin,&nbsp;Lei Bi,&nbsp;Ming-Fu Ye,&nbsp;Wen-Qi Sun,&nbsp;Jing-Xin Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.jphotochem.2025.116595","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jphotochem.2025.116595","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The search for multifunctional molecular materials continues to be one of the most exciting research topics due to their broad range of applications. Herein, we report two multifunctional supramolecular host−guest exclusion complexes, formed through <em>exo</em>-binding of γ-CD with two conjugation-extended viologen guests, namely, <em>N,N</em>′-di(3-carboxy-propyl)-4,4′-(1,4-phenylene)-bipyridinium dichloride (PV·Cl₂) and <em>N,N</em>′-di(3-carboxy-propyl)-4,4′-(1,4-naphthalene)-bipyridinium dichloride (NV·Cl₂). The exclusion complexes PV²⁺∩γ-CD₂ and NV²⁺∩γ-CD₂ exhibited photochromic behavior and photomodulable fluorescence simultaneously in the solid-state. In particular, NV²⁺∩γ-CD₂ showed fluorescence activity under both 365 nm and 430 nm light excitation. Benefiting from their concurrent dual readout signals, the exclusion complexes can be applied to multiple anti-counterfeiting as well as multi-level information encryption. This study provides a host−guest <em>exo</em>-binding strategy for constructing multifunctional molecular materials.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16782,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology A-chemistry","volume":"469 ","pages":"Article 116595"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144491206","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Photo-catalytic activity of iron nanoparticles supported on SBA-15 for degradation of organic pollutants","authors":"Jesús Tadeo Hernández-Oloño ,&nbsp;Diana Vargas-Hernández ,&nbsp;Denia Alessandra Castro-Campoy ,&nbsp;Alejandra Ibarra-Espinoza ,&nbsp;María Ana Pérez-Cruz ,&nbsp;Horacio Edgardo Garrafa-Gálvez ,&nbsp;José Ronaldo Herrera-Urbina ,&nbsp;Judith Celina Tánori-Córdova","doi":"10.1016/j.jphotochem.2025.116597","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jphotochem.2025.116597","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The increasing prevalence of organic pollutants such as rhodamine B (RB), <em>p</em>-nitrophenol (PNP), ciprofloxacin (CPX), ibuprofen (IBP) and paracetamol (PCT) in water sources necessitates the development of effective and sustainable degradation technologies. Herein, Santa Barbara Amorphous-15 (SBA-15) supported silica was impregnated with iron (Fe) nanoparticles using the wet-incipient volume impregnation method, followed either by drying (Fe/SBA-15 D) or calcination (Fe/SBA-15 C). The organic pollutant–degrading performance of these catalysts was evaluated via photolysis and heterogeneous photo-catalysis and photo-Fenton process under ultra-violet (UV) irradiation. Characterisation via X-ray diffraction confirmed the preservation of the mesoporous structure of SBA-15 after Fe impregnation. The presence of iron oxide nanoparticles was identified, particularly in Fe/SBA-15 C. Nitrogen adsorption–desorption analyses revealed a decrease in the specific surface area, indicating the partial filling of SBA-15 pores with Fe species. UV–visible diffuse reflectance spectroscopy showed a reduction in the bandgap energy after the incorporation of Fe, which enhanced photo-catalytic activity. X-ray photo-electron spectroscopy results revealed that Fe/SBA-15 D contained a high proportion of Fe²⁺, whereas Fe/SBA-15 C exhibited excess Fe³⁺. Fe/SBA-15 D with hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) degraded RB, PNP, IBP and PCT with high efficiency, while Fe/SBA-15 C was substantially effective for CPX degradation. The maximum degradation% of RB, PNP, CPX, IBP and PCT were 100 %, 99.45 %, 91.54 %, 86.08 % and 86.11 %, respectively. These results are attributed to the generation of hydroxyl radicals (•OH) facilitated by the synergistic effect of a highly concentrated Fe²⁺ with H₂O₂ and the presence of sulfate (SO₄²⁻) ions, which serve as active sites and electron–hole traps. This study confirms that •OH radicals are the primary reactive species responsible for the effective degradation of target organic pollutants.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16782,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology A-chemistry","volume":"469 ","pages":"Article 116597"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144518886","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Carbon dots derived from an aminonaphthalene sulfonic acid as sensitive activated fluorescent probes for chemosensing and imaging applications","authors":"W. Muniz Jr. ,&nbsp;R.T. Alves ,&nbsp;L.M. Braga ,&nbsp;P.S. Terceiro ,&nbsp;V.P.O. Barros ,&nbsp;M.F. Landell ,&nbsp;V.R. Mastelaro ,&nbsp;I.N. de Oliveira","doi":"10.1016/j.jphotochem.2025.116570","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jphotochem.2025.116570","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The presence of toxic residues in water and food is a constant concern that requires the development of fast and low-cost analytical methods for controlling and monitoring environmental conditions and physicochemical processes. In this context, the current study examines the physical and chemical properties of carbon dots (CD-ANS) produced through hydrothermal synthesis using 5-amino-2-naphthalenesulfonic acid (ANS) as a precursor. Different experimental techniques are used to characterize CD-ANS’s shape and photoluminescent properties. Our results show that such carbon dots are co-doped with nitrogen and sulfur, displaying a broad emission spectrum sensitive to small environmental changes. In particular, CD-ANS exhibits an activated fluorescence in the presence of certain organic pollutants, thus being suitable for various chemosensing applications, including ratiometric sensing of pH, methanol, and a carbamate pesticide (methomyl). Thermal effects on the nanoparticle’s photoluminescence are also analyzed, where the occurrence of a thermally-activated mechanism is identified. The possibility of using CD-ANS in staining yeast cells has also been investigated. These findings suggest that the carbon dots derived from ANS can be a versatile fluorescent platform for various physical, chemical, and biological applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16782,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology A-chemistry","volume":"469 ","pages":"Article 116570"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144491197","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Rapid colorimetric sensing assay based on gold nanoparticles combined with discrete wavelength transform- intelligent fuzzy inference system for the simultaneous determination of antibiotic drugs in biological fluid and injection vial powder","authors":"Shervin Shokouhi,&nbsp;Mahmoud Reza Sohrabi,&nbsp;Saeed Mortazavi Nik","doi":"10.1016/j.jphotochem.2025.116596","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jphotochem.2025.116596","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Determining drugs in pharmaceutical formulations, urine, and plasma samples is crucial. For this purpose, chromatographic methods are commonly used. However, this method is expensive, time-consuming, and requires complex instruments. In contrast, the colorimetric method using a UV–Vis spectrophotometer along with chemometric approaches can be employed for the simultaneous determination of trace components in real samples. In this study, a colorimetric assay combined with discrete wavelength transform (DWT) incorporated with principal component analysis (PCA) and fuzzy inference system (FIS) was presented for the simultaneous determination of ultra-trace of two antibiotics named imipenem (IPM) and cilastatin (CS) in binary mixtures and biological samples using localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) of citrate-capped gold nanoparticles (Citrate-AuNPs). The detection of these drugs was carried out by observing the color change of the AuNPs solution from red to blue due to the aggregation induced by both components. The aggregation of citrate-AuNPs was characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), dynamic light scattering (DLS), and UV–Vis spectrometry. The linear calibration graph was achieved within a concentration range of 200–1000 μg/L for IMP and 50–800 μg/L components with a limit of detection (LOD) of 30.55 μg/L for IMP and 33.00 μg/L for CS, while the limit of quantification (LOQ) was 92.60 and 100.00 μg/L for IMP and CS, respectively. Various wavelet families named Daubechies with the second order (db2), db of order 4 (db4), and Coiflet of second order (coif2) were used to decompose the absorption of binary mixtures containing IMP and CS in the DWT method. After applying dimensionality reduction by PCA, two inputs entered the environment of the FIS. The best wavelet family was coif2 in combination with FIS with a coefficient of determination (R²) of 1, root mean square error (RMSE) lower than 2.2, and mean recovery higher than 99 % for both components. The analysis of IMP and CS in spike human urine samples revealed that mean recovery was higher than 96 % and RSD was lower than 1.6 %. The injection vial powder containing IMP and CS analysis was done by the proposed approach and the HPLC method, and the absence of any significant difference between these two methods was measured by the analysis of variance (ANOVA) test. The suggested colorimetric method was found to be easy, selective, sensitive, and quick toward pharmaceutical components, which detects IMP and CS within minutes with the naked eye and without the need for sophisticated instruments. On the other hand, the simultaneous quantitative determination of the mentioned components in different samples (pharmaceutical formulation and biological fluids) can be used, which is faster and easier than common chromatographic methods.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16782,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology A-chemistry","volume":"469 ","pages":"Article 116596"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-06-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144501600","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}