Hemanga Hazarika, Ravi Kumar Rajan, Padmanath Pegu, Punamjyoti Das
{"title":"Insecticide resistance in mosquitoes: molecular mechanisms, management, and alternatives","authors":"Hemanga Hazarika, Ravi Kumar Rajan, Padmanath Pegu, Punamjyoti Das","doi":"10.1007/s10340-025-01895-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10340-025-01895-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Insecticides remain a primary tool in mosquito-borne disease control; however, the resistance in mosquito populations poses a significant challenge to the efficacy. Resistance mechanisms, including target sites mutations and increase in metabolic detoxification, have emerged due to wide spread insecticide use. The growing resistance to pyrethroids used in long-lasting insecticidal nets (LLINs) and indoor residual spraying (IRS) necessitates alternative control strategies. Furthermore, synthetic insecticides often negatively impact the environment and nontarget organisms, highlighting the necessity of exploring alternative pest management strategies. Biological control methods utilizing natural predators, pathogens, and parasites of mosquitoes have shown promise as viable alternatives to traditional insecticide approaches.</p>","PeriodicalId":16736,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pest Science","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-05-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143909960","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Synergistic effect of Bt (Cry1Ab + Vip3Aa) maize with emamectin benzoate and chlorantraniliprole against the fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda","authors":"Wenhui Wang, Guodong Kang, Shuang Chen, Dandan Zhang, Shengyuan Zhao, Haitao Li, Xianming Yang, Yutao Xiao, Gemei Liang, Kongming Wu","doi":"10.1007/s10340-025-01897-z","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10340-025-01897-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The invasion of the fall armyworm (FAW), <i>Spodoptera frugiperda</i> (J. E. Smith), has posed a serious threat to maize production in Africa and Asia. Chemical insecticides and Bt maize are the main means for FAW control, but the interaction between these two measures is also unclear. In this study, the susceptibility of the field population (Ezhou) fed on Bt maize insecticidal protein and the Vip3Aa-resistant population DH-R (206-fold) to emamectin benzoate (EB) and chlorantraniliprole (CAP) was determined by the topical application method. The results showed that the susceptibility of both populations to the two insecticides increased significantly. The mechanism is attributed to the inhibition of the activities of enzymes detoxification enzymes, including carboxylesterase (CarE), glutathione S-transferase (GSTs), and multifunctional oxidase (MFO). The corrected control effects of Bt (Cry1Ab + Vip3Aa) maize combined with EB or CAP against larvae were measured by a spraying method in the laboratory and field. The results showed that the combined use of Bt (Cry1Ab + Vip3Aa) maize and EB increased the corrected control effect by 22.70%-22.86% in the laboratory and 16.74% in the field. Similarly, the combined use of Bt (Cry1Ab + Vip3Aa) maize and CAP increased the corrected control effect by 54.92%-61.59% in the laboratory and 19.62% in the field. It is concluded that the Bt (Cry1Ab + Vip3Aa) maize and chemical insecticides (EB and CAP) have synergistic effects against FAW, providing a theoretical basis for integrating Bt maize with chemical insecticides to manage the FAW populations.</p>","PeriodicalId":16736,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pest Science","volume":"110 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-05-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143909961","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Selective lure for Bactrocera dorsalis based on shared palpal and antennal responses across three economically important tephritid species","authors":"Tibebe Dejene Biasazin, Raphael Njurai Miano, Xavier Cheseto, Shepard Ndlela, Samira A. Mohamed, Teun Dekker","doi":"10.1007/s10340-025-01898-y","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10340-025-01898-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The oriental fruit fly <i>Bactrocera dorsalis</i> is a highly destructive and invasive pest that threatens global horticulture, causing economic losses due to fruit damage and quarantine regulations. While attract-and-kill baits are widely used to suppress fly populations, these baits also impact many non-target species. To achieve ecological sustainability, our study aimed to develop a method that selectively targets female fruit flies. Using gas chromatography coupled to electro-antennal or palpal detection (GC-EAD/GC-EPD), we identified compounds that elicited responses in the maxillary palp and antenna of three different fruit flies including <i>B. dorsalis</i>, <i>Ceratitis capitata,</i> and <i>Zeugodacus cucurbitae</i>. As previous studies indicated the significance of compounds whose detection was shared among fruit fly species, we composed blends of such “shared compounds”. To test the hypothesis that compounds active on the palps and antennae are complementary and synergize attraction, we thus formulated three blends, a palpal, an antennal and a combined blend. Compounds were formulated in a wax emulsion for slow release and tested on <i>B. dorsalis</i> fruit flies in six choice and large room laboratory assays, as well as field trials. A blend of both antenna and maxillary palp-active compounds attracted more <i>B. dorsalis</i> than blends based on either antennae or palps alone, and exhibited a female-bias in captures. Furthermore, the blend was highly selective, capturing very few non-target organisms compared to torula yeast, a lure considered to be selective. Such lures are important in advancing targeted pest control strategies, ultimately contributing to more effective management of the devastating <i>B. dorsalis</i> population, and safeguarding global horticulture productivity.</p>","PeriodicalId":16736,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pest Science","volume":"31 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-05-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143910290","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Orius similis prefers to prey on the young larvae of Encarsia formosa parasitizing on Bemisia tabaci","authors":"Bo Zhang, Jiao Kong, Jin-Long Zhang, Guo-Ting Yuan, Pei-Wei Xiong, Guo-Hua Chen, Xiao-Ming Zhang","doi":"10.1007/s10340-025-01902-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10340-025-01902-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><i>Orius similis</i> and <i>Encarsia formosa</i> are important natural enemies of <i>Bemisia tabaci</i>. However, there is limited understanding regarding the impact of <i>O. similis</i> on the control of <i>B. tabaci</i> by <i>E. formosa</i> when they are used in combination. Temperature changes will affect the food web, and Intraguild predation (IGP) is a fundamental component that constitutes a complex food web. Therefore, studying the effect of temperature on IGP is of great significance for understanding the mechanism of species interaction and improving the biocontrol ability of natural enemies. Our study investigated the interference of female adults of <i>O. similis</i> on unparasitized and parasitized <i>B. tabaci</i> nymphs (including 1-, 4-, 7-, and 10-day-old parasitoid immature nymphs) at different temperatures (19, 22, 25, 28, and 31 °C). The results showed that only the parasitism rate of <i>E. formosa</i> was lower than that of the treatment without <i>O. similis</i> on 1, 4, 7 and 10 days after being parasitized by <i>E. formosa</i>, indicating that <i>O. similis</i> preyed on <i>E. formosa</i>. In both the no-choice and choice experiments, <i>O. similis</i> showed a preference for feeding on <i>B. tabaci</i> nymphs that had been parasitized 1 and 4 days earlier, across various temperature conditions. When both unparasitized <i>B. tabaci</i> nymphs and parasitized 10-day-old <i>B. tabaci</i> nymphs were present, <i>O. similis</i> preferred to prey on unparasitized prey. Our results provide evidence that IGP interactions may be greatly affected by future increases in temperature. When the temperature increased from 19 to 28 °C, the IGP of <i>O. similis</i> was promoted with the increase in temperature. When the temperature exceeded 28 °C, IGP was inhibited. Therefore, in the combined application of these two natural enemies, the <i>O. similis</i> can be released again in the period or time period when the temperature is stable at 22–25 °C after 10 days of release of <i>E. formosa</i> to reduce the IGP intensity, so as to achieve better control effect and accelerate the establishment of an efficient biocontrol system of natural enemies of <i>B. tabaci</i>.</p>","PeriodicalId":16736,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pest Science","volume":"6 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-05-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143898091","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Himali U. Ratnayake, Ross Darnell, Brent Henderson, Rieks D. van Klinken
{"title":"Correction to: Modelling time‑temperature‑dependent mortality of pest flies in cold storage to support the management of trade‑related biosecurity risks","authors":"Himali U. Ratnayake, Ross Darnell, Brent Henderson, Rieks D. van Klinken","doi":"10.1007/s10340-025-01894-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10340-025-01894-2","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":16736,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pest Science","volume":"18 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143884836","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"How adjacent nonhost plants affect the ability of an insect herbivore to find a host","authors":"Xinliang Shao, Mingsheng Yang, Hongfei Zhang, Zhengbing Wang, Qin Zhang, Kedong Xu","doi":"10.1007/s10340-025-01901-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10340-025-01901-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Studies using nonhost plant odors to deter insect pests and protect host plants have reported mixed results. Moreover, how adjacent nonhost plants affect the ability of insect herbivores to locate hosts is unclear. We examined the effects of location of two nonhost rosemary plants (<i>Rosmarinus officinalis</i>) relative to a host peanut plant (<i>Arachis hypogaea</i>) under fixed wind direction on the host-finding ability (number of eggs laid) of <i>Spodoptera exigua.</i> We then correlated the effects with the degree of odor mixing between the host and nonhost plants. Subsequently, we investigated whether row orientation affects the ability of insects to find hosts. The degree of odor mixing between host and nonhost plants was greater when the rosemary plants were upwind and downwind than when they were crosswind from the peanut plants. Closer plant spacing resulted in more odor mixing. The number of eggs laid on peanut plants was reduced when the degree of odor mixing was high. When rosemary plants were replaced with odorless plastic plants, the odorless plants upwind and downwind from the peanut plant were also associated with fewer eggs laid. In the field, significantly fewer eggs were laid on peanut plants when the row orientation was perpendicular to the prevailing wind direction. Nonhost rosemary plant location relative to the host plant significantly affected the host-finding ability of <i>S. exigua</i> by influencing the degree of odor mixing between host and nonhost plants and by physical barrier effects of nonhost plants. Our results may provide insights for future pest management strategies.</p>","PeriodicalId":16736,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pest Science","volume":"17 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143880761","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Caroline Rech, Leandro do Prado Ribeiro, José Maurício Simões Bento, Eduardo José Crevelin, Cristiano André Pott, Cristiane Nardi
{"title":"Crotalaria juncea reduces larval survival and adult fecundity of Diabrotica speciosa","authors":"Caroline Rech, Leandro do Prado Ribeiro, José Maurício Simões Bento, Eduardo José Crevelin, Cristiano André Pott, Cristiane Nardi","doi":"10.1007/s10340-025-01890-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10340-025-01890-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p>In this study, we hypothesized that <i>Crotalaria juncea</i> (L., Fabaceae), particularly due to its content of the pyrrolizidine alkaloid monocrotaline, would affect the development, fecundity, and longevity of <i>Diabrotica speciosa</i> (Germar) Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae). We initially assessed the effects of <i>C. juncea</i> plants and their various parts (leaves, stems, and roots) on the insect. Newly hatched larvae were inoculated in containers with (i) popcorn plants (<i>Zea mays</i> L. var <i>everta</i>); (ii) <i>C. juncea</i> plants; (iii) popcorn plants associated with <i>C. juncea</i>; and (iv) popcorn plants with portions of leaves, stems, and roots (mulch) of <i>C. juncea</i> (25 ± 2 °C, 60 ± 10% RH, and a 14-h photoperiod). The larvae were kept in these conditions until adult emergence, after which the adults were provided with common bean leaflets. The presence of <i>C. juncea</i> during the larval stage influenced the biological parameters of <i>D. speciosa</i>. We observed 100% larval mortality when exposed to isolated <i>C. juncea</i> plants, and a decrease in immature survival and adult longevity when <i>C. juncea</i> was associated with popcorn. In a subsequent trial, we investigated the effects of crude organic extracts of <i>C. juncea</i> on the same biological parameters. Newly hatched larvae were placed on popcorn plants with roots treated with extracts from different parts of <i>C. juncea</i> (aerial parts, roots, and entire plants) and using various solvents (hexane, dichloromethane, and methanol) as extractors. Plants with roots treated with root extracts of <i>C. juncea</i> exhibited lower survival rates during the immature stage, as well as reduced fecundity and egg viability. This indicates that allelochemicals from <i>C. juncea</i> have a detrimental impact on the development, fecundity, and viability of <i>D. speciosa</i> eggs. Chemical analysis of the<i> C. juncea</i> extracts revealed that monocrotaline, while present in various plant parts, is not the sole component responsible for the observed effects on the insects.</p>","PeriodicalId":16736,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pest Science","volume":"45 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143880759","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Magdalena Wey, Hanna Neuenschwander, Etienne Hoesli, Monika Maurhofer, Giselher Grabenweger
{"title":"Autodissemination of Metarhizium brunneum: a strategy for biological control of adult Japanese beetles","authors":"Magdalena Wey, Hanna Neuenschwander, Etienne Hoesli, Monika Maurhofer, Giselher Grabenweger","doi":"10.1007/s10340-025-01892-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10340-025-01892-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The Japanese beetle (<i>Popillia japonica</i>) is an invasive scarab beetle originating from Japan. In the European Union, it is listed as a priority quarantine pest. Currently, it is mainly controlled using synthetic insecticides. Here, we tested an environmentally friendly control alternative. We investigated whether Japanese beetle adults can be used as vectors to autodisseminate lethal doses of the European native entomopathogenic fungus <i>Metarhizium brunneum</i> ART 212 within adult populations. Additionally, we tested whether infested females could carry conidia into the soil environment during oviposition, increasing neonate larval mortality. We showed that inoculated adults can indeed transmit the fungal conidia horizontally for up to two days, significantly reducing the survival of both donor and recipient beetles in same-sex and opposite-sex couples. Furthermore, horizontal transmission among adults was verified under semi-field conditions. Another set of laboratory tests showed that beetles carried the inoculum to their oviposition sites, where larval survival was reduced at high concentrations (≥ 1.11 × 10<sup>5</sup> conidia/g substrate). However, the release of inoculated beetles in semi-field cages resulted in soil fungal concentrations more than ten times lower, failing to provide larval control. Thus, carriage of <i>M. brunneum</i> ART 212 into the soil by female vectors does not seem to provide control of larvae outside the laboratory setup. However, our results suggest that lethal conidial doses can be autodisseminated among the more susceptible adults. This may be the basis for an environmentally friendly control strategy against invasive Japanese beetle adults, applicable in both agricultural and non-agricultural areas.</p>","PeriodicalId":16736,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pest Science","volume":"49 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143847030","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Victoria Makovetski, Andrew B. T. Smith, Paul K. Abram
{"title":"Crowdsourced online data as evidence of absence of non-target attack from the century-old introduction of Istocheta aldrichi for biological control of Popillia japonica in North America","authors":"Victoria Makovetski, Andrew B. T. Smith, Paul K. Abram","doi":"10.1007/s10340-025-01891-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10340-025-01891-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The vast majority of historical biological control introductions have not resulted in documented negative effects on non-target species. However, in some cases, an absence of evidence of harm could be due to insufficient evidence of absence: That is, data specifically gathered to show that non-target species are not affected by the released biological control agent. The parasitoid fly <i>Istocheta aldrichi</i> (Mesnil) (Diptera: Tachinidae) was introduced to North America a century ago as a biological control agent targeting the invasive Japanese beetle, <i>Popillia japonica</i> Newman (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae). Despite its longstanding and widespread establishment, the host specificity of <i>I. aldrichi</i> remains underexplored due to a lack of dedicated post-release monitoring. Leveraging crowdsourced data from iNaturalist.org, we investigated potential non-target parasitism among scarab beetles observed within the current geographic range of <i>I. aldrichi</i>. The taxonomic accuracy of iNaturalist identifications was evaluated and curated. Our analysis of > 21,000 observations of non-target scarabs photographed within the geographic range of <i>I. aldrichi</i> suggests that <i>I. aldrichi</i> is highly specific to <i>P. japonica</i>. Candidate parasitoid eggs resembling those of <i>I. aldrichi</i> were extremely rare on non-target species, representing less than 0.001% of all observations and not exceeding 1.3% of observations for any individual non-target species. These findings provide evidence that the incidence of non-target attacks by <i>I. aldrichi</i> is likely negligible, at least with respect to the scarab species commonly observed on iNaturalist. They also show the potential for crowdsourced data to complement traditional methods assessing whether non-target ecological impacts may have resulted from past biological control introductions.</p>","PeriodicalId":16736,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pest Science","volume":"49 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143841750","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Enhancing pepper resistance to MEAM1 whiteflies: the role of BABA as a chemical priming agent","authors":"Helong Zhang, Haobo Guo, Yaqi Wen, Qingjun Wu, Youjun Zhang, Xiaoguo Jiao","doi":"10.1007/s10340-025-01893-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10340-025-01893-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Plants can acquire an enhanced resistance against pathogen by application of natural or artificial compounds. Application of these compounds results in earlier, faster and/or stronger responses of plant to the subsequent pathogen attacks, a process called chemical priming. Beta-aminobutyric acid (BABA) is recognized for its inducing and priming ability to enhance plant resistance against a broad spectrum of pathogens. However, BABA potential to induce and prime pepper plant (<i>Capsicum annuum</i>) resistance against the invasively polyphagous MEAM1 whitefly remains understudied. In the present study, we sprayed pepper plants with 20 mM BABA to assess its defense responses, as well as the host preference and performance of MEAM1. We found that MEAM1 showed a substantial preference for settling and laying eggs and a significantly higher performance on untreated plants in comparison with those treated with BABA. Compared with the control plants, BABA-treated pepper plants significantly increased the contents of total phenols and flavonoids, which coincided with the increased expression of the genes in the phenylpropanoid pathway. These results suggest that induced resistance of pepper by BABA application reduced MEAM1 host preference and performance. Furthermore, MEAM1 infestation on BABA-treated pepper plants significantly increased the contents of total phenols and flavonoids, and their expression of the genes in the phenylpropanoid biosynthesis pathway. Collectively, our findings suggest that BABA is a potent chemical inducer and priming agent, capable of bolstering pepper resistance against MEAM1. The resistance mechanism is partly due to the activation of the salicylic acid (SA) signaling and the phenylpropanoid metabolic pathways.</p>","PeriodicalId":16736,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pest Science","volume":"211 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143814057","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}