Christina Adamaki-Sotiraki, Christos I. Rumbos, Christos G. Athanassiou
{"title":"From a stored-product pest to a promising protein source: a U-turn of human perspective for the yellow mealworm Tenebrio molitor","authors":"Christina Adamaki-Sotiraki, Christos I. Rumbos, Christos G. Athanassiou","doi":"10.1007/s10340-024-01851-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10340-024-01851-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The insect species <i>Tenebrio molitor</i> L. (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) is a stored-product pest which tend to infest a variety of durable agricultural commodities, mostly oriented toward cereals and related amylaceous substrates of low humidity. Thus, the past few years, research on <i>T. molitor</i> has been focused on its biology, ecology, and control methods due to its pest status. However, recently, the same insect species has undergone a significant reevaluation, as it is considered as a promising alternative protein source not only for animal feed but also for human consumption. The direction to new applications of <i>T. molitor</i> in sustainable agriculture and livestock farming has been mainly driven by the green light of the European Commission and European Food Safety Authority, which has redirected the interest of the scientific community toward utilization of <i>T. molitor</i> as a novel protein source. This shift is evidenced by a rapid increase in related publications since 2017. Recent publication of this sector highlights the nutritional benefits of <i>T. molitor</i> larvae, their potential in waste management, and the economic viability of its mass production. However, there is still a gap in the literature concerning the optimization its mass rearing, the disease management, and the exploration of the by-products produced through the rearing of <i>T. molitor</i>, i.e., soil fertilizer. This paper reviews the trajectory of <i>T. molitor</i> research, emphasizing its dual role as both a pest and a valuable resource.</p>","PeriodicalId":16736,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pest Science","volume":"10 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2024-12-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142825559","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Biological control of pests of stored cereals with the predatory mites Blattisocius tarsalis and Cheyletus malaccensis","authors":"Lidia del Arco, Cristina Castañé, Jordi Riudavets","doi":"10.1007/s10340-024-01857-z","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10340-024-01857-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Numerous arthropod pest species can cause significant losses in the quantity and quality of stored products. Currently, the most common pest control strategy is the use of a limited number of authorized synthetic insecticides. However, the overuse of these insecticides has led to an increase in pesticide resistance, reducing their effectiveness. Biological control using natural enemies offers an effective alternative to prevent insect populations from reaching pest status. Generalist predatory mites are noted for their potential as biocontrol agents as they can prey on a large variety of pest species and are easy to manage and apply. We evaluated the suitability of three predatory mites, <i>Blattisocius tarsalis</i>, <i>Cheyletus malaccensis</i>, and <i>Amblyseius swirskii</i>, for controlling several insect pests that are usually present in stored cereals. Prey acceptance and predation rates were assessed in experiments in which a known number of preys were offered to mite females in different arenas. <i>Blattisocius tarsalis</i> and <i>C. malaccensis</i> exhibited broad polyphagous behavior on insect pests commonly found in stored rice and other cereals. In contrast, <i>A. swirskii</i> was ineffective against these pest species. The efficacy of <i>B. tarsalis</i> and <i>C. malaccensis</i>, individually or in combination, in controlling populations of <i>Oryzaephilus surinamensis</i> and <i>Sitotroga cerealella</i> in medium-size arenas was also evaluated. Whether individually or in combination, both predatory mites reduced populations of <i>O. surinamensis</i> or of <i>S. cerealella</i> by half. These results suggest that periodic releases of these predatory mites could maintain these pest populations under control.</p>","PeriodicalId":16736,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pest Science","volume":"20 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2024-12-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142797070","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Cover crop providing windborne pollen enhances the efficacy of biocontrol of multiple pests by Euseius sojaensis in citrus orchards","authors":"Yuta Tsuchida, Shinichi Masui","doi":"10.1007/s10340-024-01856-0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10340-024-01856-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Species of generalist phytoseiid mites in the genus <i>Euseius</i> are effective natural enemies of multiple arthropod pests in various types of orchards worldwide. Cover crops increase the densities of these predators and can help reduce pest densities, but their practical roles and effects in enhancing biological control have not yet been completely unveiled yet. Here, we examined the efficacy of biocontrol of <i>Panonychus citri</i> (McGregor) and <i>Aculops pelekassi</i> (Keifer) by naturally occurring <i>Euseius sojaensis</i> (Ehara) in commercial Japanese citrus orchards with cover crops of <i>Lolium perenne</i> L. (perennial ryegrass) managed in two different ways: flowering and mowing. In the flowering plots, the numbers of windborne pollen grains and phytoseiid mites were larger, <i>P. citri</i> populations were smaller, and rates of fruit injury caused by <i>A. pelekassi</i> were significantly lower than in mown plots. In early summer, the number of <i>E. sojaensis</i> in the flowering plots peaked following a peak in the abundance of windborne Poaceae pollen caught on the citrus trees. These results suggest that the windborne pollen supplied from cover crops of <i>L. perenne</i> boosts the populations of <i>E. sojaensis</i> inhabiting the citrus trees and enhances the efficacy of biocontrol of <i>P. citri</i> and <i>A. pelekassi</i>. The percentage of <i>E. sojaensis</i> females with eggs was higher in flowering plots than in mown plots. Therefore, in conservation biological control, a perennial ryegrass cover crop flowering in early summer would be beneficial for increasing the fecundity of this predatory mite, even when prey (pest) densities are low.</p>","PeriodicalId":16736,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pest Science","volume":"20 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2024-12-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142788501","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Yisha Ma, Li Li, Baishu Li, Qun Liu, YongLin Ren, Penghao Wang, Tao Liu
{"title":"Phosphine fumigation followed by forced hot-air treatment for postharvest control of Bactrocera dorsalis in dragon fruit","authors":"Yisha Ma, Li Li, Baishu Li, Qun Liu, YongLin Ren, Penghao Wang, Tao Liu","doi":"10.1007/s10340-024-01848-0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10340-024-01848-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><i>Bactrocera dorsalis</i> Hendel is one of the most serious pests in dragon fruit, requiring heat treatment before international trade. Here, a novel strategy of combining phosphine fumigation followed by forced hot-air treatment was developed and its effects on <i>B. dorsalis</i> mortality and postharvest quality of dragon fruit were evaluated. <i>B. dorsalis</i> 18-h-old eggs and third instar larvae were the most tolerant stages to heat treatment. The combined treatment demonstrated a significant synergistic effect. Probit analysis revealed that the heat treatment time of combined treatment required to achieve 50% mortality (95% CL) for eggs and third instar larvae was reduced to 72.5% and 66.5% of forced hot-air treatment alone, respectively. Gene expression analysis showed that phosphine fumigation dramatically inhibited induction of HSP genes in insects following forced hot-air treatment, indicating the synergistic effect might derive from the inhibition of heat-response genes by phosphine. Fruit soluble solids content and titratable acidity were not affected by the combined treatment, although respiration was slightly inhibited. This research demonstrated the synergistic effect between phosphine and forced hot-air treatment against <i>B. dorsalis</i> and indicated that compared to the heat treatment alone, combined treatment required less time and a lower temperature, providing great potential as a novel strategy for fruit phytosanitary treatment, especially in heat-sensitive fruit.</p>","PeriodicalId":16736,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pest Science","volume":"13 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2024-12-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142759926","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Paolo Salazar-Mendoza, Diego M. Magalhães, Marvin Pec, Kamila E. X. Azevedo, Italo Delalibera, José Maurício S. Bento
{"title":"Endophytic entomopathogenic fungus, individually and in combination with rhizobacteria, enhances resistance in wild and cultivated tomatoes to Tuta absoluta","authors":"Paolo Salazar-Mendoza, Diego M. Magalhães, Marvin Pec, Kamila E. X. Azevedo, Italo Delalibera, José Maurício S. Bento","doi":"10.1007/s10340-024-01854-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10340-024-01854-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Several beneficial microbes have been shown to activate defensive mechanisms in plants, enhancing their resistance against herbivores. However, it remains unclear whether different beneficial microbes can synergize to improve defenses in wild plants, similar to their effects in cultivated plants against insect pests. Here, we investigated the effect of the endophytic entomopathogenic fungus <i>Metarhizium robertsii,</i> both individually and in combination with the growth-promoting rhizobacteria <i>Bacillus amyloliquefaciens,</i> on plant growth and volatile emissions in the cultivated <i>Solanum lycopersicum</i> and its two wild parents, <i>S. pimpinellifolium</i> and <i>S. habrochaites</i>. We also assessed the ovipositional preference of the destructive pest <i>Tuta absoluta</i> and the olfactory responses of its natural enemy, the mirid predator <i>Macrolophus basicornis,</i> toward these treatments across each tomato species. Both wild and cultivated plants inoculated with <i>M. robertsii</i> exhibited enhanced growth and emitted higher levels of specific volatile compounds than non-inoculated plants. Furthermore, <i>T. absoluta</i> females laid fewer eggs on <i>S. lycopersicum</i> and <i>S. habrochaites</i> inoculated with <i>M. robertsii</i>. Additionally, the inoculation of this beneficial fungus resulted in increased attraction of <i>M. basicornis</i> to the volatiles of <i>S. lycopersicum</i> and <i>S. pimpinellifolium</i>. Interestingly, the combined inoculation of <i>B. amyloliquefaciens</i> and <i>M. robertsii</i> generally did not yield an additive effect on volatile emissions and resistance against <i>T. absoluta</i> compared to <i>M. robertsii</i> alone in wild and cultivated tomato plants. These results suggest that the inoculation of <i>M. robertsii</i> could be a promising tool for protecting tomato plants against <i>T. absoluta</i> and enhancing the attraction of its natural enemy, <i>M. basicornis</i>.</p>","PeriodicalId":16736,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pest Science","volume":"383 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2024-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142753696","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Screening and identification of two repellent active volatiles to Hyphantria cunea","authors":"Jin-Yan Lv, Zhao-Jun Meng, Ya-Nan Deng, Yan-Yan Li, Xin-Su Li, Shan-Chun Yan","doi":"10.1007/s10340-024-01850-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10340-024-01850-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The invasion of <i>Hyphantria cunea</i>, also known as “smokeless fires”, poses a significant threat to artificial and natural forest resources. Therefore, it is urgent to adopt safe and effective control strategies to prevent the spread of and harm caused by of <i>H. cunea</i>. In this study, potential repellent active ingredients were screened from the volatiles of <i>Larix gmelinii</i> and <i>Syringa oblata</i>, the non-preferred hosts of <i>H. cunea</i>. The sensitive substances were identified in the <i>H. cunea</i> larvae and adults through electroantennographic (EAG) and behavioral responses. The results showed that fresh branches with leaves of <i>L. gmelinii</i> and <i>S. oblata</i> had significant repellent effects on the fifth and 6th instar larvae and virgin females, which were mainly related to α-pinene and (+)-limonene and other volatile substances. 100 μL/mL <i>α</i>-pinene and (+)-limonene were found to significantly stimulate the olfactory nervous system of <i>H. cunea</i> virgin females and male adults, and could induce significant EAG responses. They could induce avoidance behavior of 4-6th instar larvae, virgin females, and male adults, and also inhibit the selection behavior of fifth and 6th instar larvae and adults to <i>Salix matsudana</i>, the preferred food host. So α-pinene and (+)-limonene can be used as repellents for larvae and adults of <i>H. cunea</i>, with an effective concentration of 100 μL/mL. The two terpenes can induce avoidance behavior of <i>H. cunea</i> during the larval feeding period and before the mating of adults, thus inhibiting the outbreak and spread of the pest, providing an important control strategy for the integrated management of <i>H. cunea</i>.</p>","PeriodicalId":16736,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pest Science","volume":"25 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2024-11-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142718790","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Khadija Javed, Guy Smagghe, Babar Hussain, Humayun Javed, Zeng Shixian, Ding Haixia, Yong Wang
{"title":"Exploring innovative strategies to control aphids: meta-analysis and a critical view on what we have and what the future is","authors":"Khadija Javed, Guy Smagghe, Babar Hussain, Humayun Javed, Zeng Shixian, Ding Haixia, Yong Wang","doi":"10.1007/s10340-024-01852-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10340-024-01852-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p>In the ongoing pursuit of sustainable farming techniques, the constant fight against aphids remains an essential frontier. Aphids are well-known agricultural pests and they continue to jeopardize global crop production, necessitating an immediate demand for sustainable pest control methods. Conventional chemical insecticides not only harm the quality of crops but also cause environmental damage. This comprehensive review starts with a meta-analysis using PRISMA approach, to present innovative, environmentally friendly alternative technologies, the latest developments and advances in aphid control that can reduce pressure on the environment and contribute to a more sustainable aphid control. Good alternative technologies include bioengineered nanoparticles, RNAi and CRISPR/Cas9. In addition, there has been progress in the existing use of natural enemies with parasitoids and predators with increased efficacy, as well as the area of microbial control of aphids with entomopathogenic fungi and bacteria. Because monitoring is very important and a cornerstone of integrated pest management, the latest advances in artificial intelligence and deep learning in aphid control are helping to reduce pressure on the environment and contribute to a reduction in the use of chemicals, supporting the preservation of biodiversity and sustainability, which fits with the policy in many continents. Altogether, this paper aims to provide a valuable guidance for researchers, practitioners and policymakers who are involved in the complex dynamics of aphid control in agriculture.</p>","PeriodicalId":16736,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pest Science","volume":"17 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2024-11-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142718958","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sebastian Larsson Herrera, Zaid Badra, Mette Frimodt Hansen, Advaith Chakravarthy Shankarkumar, Isabella Kleman, Marco Tasin, Teun Dekker
{"title":"Ecological intensification for biocontrol of aphids requires severing myrmecophily","authors":"Sebastian Larsson Herrera, Zaid Badra, Mette Frimodt Hansen, Advaith Chakravarthy Shankarkumar, Isabella Kleman, Marco Tasin, Teun Dekker","doi":"10.1007/s10340-024-01843-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10340-024-01843-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p>With the rollback of insecticides, novel tools for pest control are urgently needed. Aphids are particularly a major concern with few sustainable control alternatives. Ecological intensification has been promoted as a way of “inviting\" back nature’s self-regulating abilities into agricultural production systems. Although such measures enhance the presence of natural enemies in agroecosystems, we demonstrate that in an ecologically intensified apple orchard, biocontrol of rosy apple aphid was minimal. We verified why the biodiverse settings did not result in enhanced ecosystem services, i.e., biological control of the rosy apple aphid. Close monitoring of food–web interactions in thousands of aphid colonies showed that tending ants dominated responses, while those of natural enemies were weak or absent. However, application of artificial aphid honeydew diverted ants from tending aphids and flipped the myrmecophily-dominated state into favoring numerical responses of a guild of natural enemies. Responses were swift and controlled both <i>Aphis pomi</i> and <i>Dysaphis plantaginea</i>, provided intervention was synced with aphid and predator phenology. Although myrmecophily in aphids is well-known on its own accord, it has been completely overlooked in ecological intensification. To unlock the aphid-biocontrol potential provided through ecological intensification, myrmecophily needs to be disrupted. Although particularly true for perennial systems, generally practices that reduce soil disturbance favor ants and may amplify aphid pests, thereby reducing biocontrol impacts in ecological intensification efforts. Harnessing ecosystem services requires careful analysis and good understanding of agroecosystem intricacies.</p>","PeriodicalId":16736,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pest Science","volume":"35 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2024-11-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142690545","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Innovative formulation strategies for botanical- and essential oil-based insecticides","authors":"Kasturi Sarmah, Thirumurugan Anbalagan, Murugan Marimuthu, Paramasivam Mariappan, Suganthi Angappan, Sendhilvel Vaithiyanathan","doi":"10.1007/s10340-024-01846-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10340-024-01846-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p>In response to growing concerns regarding the adverse environmental and health effects of synthetic pesticides, there has been a notable surge in the demand for plant-based bioinsecticides. Botanicals and essential oils (EOs) are emerging as promising alternatives that offer a safer and more sustainable approach to pest management. Nevertheless, the effectiveness of these natural insecticides is often hindered by their inherent instability under environmental conditions, high volatility, and susceptibility to thermal decomposition, which necessitates frequent reapplication and diminishes their practical utility. To address these challenges, innovative formulation strategies such as nanoemulsions, microemulsions, nanoencapsulation, and microencapsulation have been developed. These advanced approaches facilitate controlled release, enhance stability, and significantly improve the efficacy of botanical- and EO-based insecticides. By providing target-specific action, these formulations not only reduce the frequency of applications and lower dosage requirements but also minimize environmental contamination and enhance overall pest management efficiency. This review offers a comprehensive exploration of these advanced formulations, including the preparation and characterization of nano-/microemulsion and nano-/microencapsulate systems and the technical challenges associated with their characterization. This manuscript examines the efficacy of these formulations in pest management, focusing on their physical and chemical stability under various storage conditions. Additionally, it addressed the impact of these formulations on nontarget organisms and their potential phytotoxicity. Despite the promising results observed in controlled settings, there is a notable lack of field studies evaluating the suitability of these formulations for different crops and their effectiveness in diverse agricultural environments. This identified gap underscores the necessity for further research to validate the practical application of these technologies. This review also discusses the scalability and cost-effectiveness of these advanced formulations, providing insights into their potential for broader commercial adoption.</p>","PeriodicalId":16736,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pest Science","volume":"15 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2024-11-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142684249","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Evaluation of different marking and trapping methods for Spodoptera frugiperda used to assess structured refuges in Bt maize","authors":"G. Cabrera Walsh, Cristian Battagliotti","doi":"10.1007/s10340-024-01840-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10340-024-01840-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The fall armyworm (<i>Spodoptera frugiperda</i>) is an important pest of maize, and a key target of transgenic crops expressing <i>Bacillus thuringiensis</i> (Bt) insecticidal proteins. These exert a strong selective pressure, so susceptible plants (refuges) are planted together with the transgenic seed to lower such pressure. The system favored in North America is to mix Bt and non-Bt seed (refuge-in-a-bag, or RIB). However, South American farmers favor structured refuges, interplanting rows of Bt and non-Bt seed. Yet, the proportion of susceptible maize must be minimized to prevent yield losses, and flight distance before mating is considered the best way to gauge the adequate distance between non-Bt rows in structured refuges, which has been estimated through mark–release–recapture experiments. The aim of this study was to compare three marking techniques and three trapping systems in laboratory and field experiments. Results suggest conventional marking techniques were not completely innocuous to the moths. UV traps drastically overrode the effect of synthetic and natural pheromones, suggesting they may not reflect normal dispersion behaviors. Marking experiments may not provide reliable measures of flight distance, and although farmers tend to resist the RIB option the data suggests it should be enforced.</p>","PeriodicalId":16736,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pest Science","volume":"129 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2024-11-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142679060","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}