56th ARFTG Conference Digest最新文献

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Load Models for CPW and Microstrip SOLT Standards on GaAs GaAs上CPW和微带SOLT标准的负载模型
56th ARFTG Conference Digest Pub Date : 2000-11-01 DOI: 10.1109/ARFTG.2000.327432
P. Kirby, L. Dunleavy, T. Weller
{"title":"Load Models for CPW and Microstrip SOLT Standards on GaAs","authors":"P. Kirby, L. Dunleavy, T. Weller","doi":"10.1109/ARFTG.2000.327432","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ARFTG.2000.327432","url":null,"abstract":"We present an analysis of the types of models typically available within modern network analyzers for Short-Open-Load-Through (SOLT) calibrations. We find that the models for the reflect standards effectively handle their task. We also show that in some cases for well-behaved loads the analyzer models adequately handle the job, while in other cases fall short. This analysis was carried out for both microstrip and coplanar waveguide transmission line structures realized on GaAs substrates. We also explore how more complicated load models might be used to provide improved fits to measured data of on-wafer loads.","PeriodicalId":166771,"journal":{"name":"56th ARFTG Conference Digest","volume":"3 2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114373886","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 8
Evaluating and expressing uncertainty in complex S-parameter measurements 复杂s参数测量不确定度的评定与表达
56th ARFTG Conference Digest Pub Date : 2000-11-01 DOI: 10.1109/ARFTG.2000.327429
N. Ridler, M. Salter
{"title":"Evaluating and expressing uncertainty in complex S-parameter measurements","authors":"N. Ridler, M. Salter","doi":"10.1109/ARFTG.2000.327429","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ARFTG.2000.327429","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents methods for evaluating and expressing the uncertainty associated with complex S-parameter measurements. The methods are based on internationally recommended guidelines [1] with extensions to accommodate the complex nature of the measurands. The treatment of measurements of both one-port and multi-port devices is presented.","PeriodicalId":166771,"journal":{"name":"56th ARFTG Conference Digest","volume":"138 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121625757","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 40
Carrier-to-Interference Ratio Estimation of Arbitrary Signals Distorted by Nonlinear Devices 非线性器件畸变任意信号的载波干扰比估计
56th ARFTG Conference Digest Pub Date : 2000-11-01 DOI: 10.1109/ARFTG.2000.327419
H. Ku, W. Woo, J. Kenney
{"title":"Carrier-to-Interference Ratio Estimation of Arbitrary Signals Distorted by Nonlinear Devices","authors":"H. Ku, W. Woo, J. Kenney","doi":"10.1109/ARFTG.2000.327419","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ARFTG.2000.327419","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents a new method for estimating the total carrier-to-interference ratio (CIR) of an arbitrary signal distorted by a nonlinear device. Using a kernel function derived from swept power two-tone intermodulation distortion (IMD) measurements, the CIR versus input power of a nonlinear device may be determined for any arbitrary input signal. Only a knowledge of the input signal peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR) distribution is required. Simulation results are compared to measured results of output signal CIR of a nonlinear amplifier fed by a CDMA signal over a range of power levels. Better than 1 dB agreement was achieved over a 14 dB range of input power.","PeriodicalId":166771,"journal":{"name":"56th ARFTG Conference Digest","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122660190","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Finite Aperture Time and Sampling Jitter Effects in Wideband Data Acquisition Systems 宽带数据采集系统中的有限孔径时间和采样抖动效应
56th ARFTG Conference Digest Pub Date : 2000-11-01 DOI: 10.1109/ARFTG.2000.327443
Haruo Kobayashi, Kensuke Kobayashi, Yuuich Takahashi, Kouhei Enomoto, Hideyuki Kogure, Y. Onaya, M. Morimura
{"title":"Finite Aperture Time and Sampling Jitter Effects in Wideband Data Acquisition Systems","authors":"Haruo Kobayashi, Kensuke Kobayashi, Yuuich Takahashi, Kouhei Enomoto, Hideyuki Kogure, Y. Onaya, M. Morimura","doi":"10.1109/ARFTG.2000.327443","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ARFTG.2000.327443","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents explicit analysis of the output error power in wideband sampling systems in the presence of finite aperture time and sampling jitter. Finite aperture time and sampling jitter are crucial for wideband sampling systems to capture high-frequency signals in high precision. Finite aperture time (or finite aperture window) works as a low pass filter and hence it degrades the high-frequency performance of sampling systems while aperture jitter misleads data acquisition timing points, which causes large errors for high-frequency (and hence large slew rate) signal acquisition. In this paper, we discuss their effects explicitly in case that not only finite aperture time and sampling jitter exist individually but also they exist together for almost any aperture window function with jitter of Gaussian distribution. These results are theoretically fundamental, and are useful for designing wideband sampling data acquisition systems. Experimental measurements are being performed to verify our theoretical results and these may be also reported at the conference.","PeriodicalId":166771,"journal":{"name":"56th ARFTG Conference Digest","volume":"60 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116974241","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 12
Lumped-Element Models for On-Wafer Calibration 片上校准的集总元件模型
56th ARFTG Conference Digest Pub Date : 2000-11-01 DOI: 10.1109/ARFTG.2000.327431
D. Walker, R. F. Kaiser, Dylan F. Williams, K. Coakley
{"title":"Lumped-Element Models for On-Wafer Calibration","authors":"D. Walker, R. F. Kaiser, Dylan F. Williams, K. Coakley","doi":"10.1109/ARFTG.2000.327431","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ARFTG.2000.327431","url":null,"abstract":"We examine electrical models for lumped-element impedance standards used in on-wafer network-analyzer calibrations. We illustrate the advantages of using models that are complicated enough to replicate the actual electrical behavior of the lumped standards, but do not have more degrees of freedom than absolutely necessary.","PeriodicalId":166771,"journal":{"name":"56th ARFTG Conference Digest","volume":"165 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121307966","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
Nonlinear Characterization of Multiple Carrier Power Amplifiers 多载波功率放大器的非线性特性
56th ARFTG Conference Digest Pub Date : 2000-11-01 DOI: 10.1109/ARFTG.2000.327433
O. Andersen, P. Malmlof, D. Wisell
{"title":"Nonlinear Characterization of Multiple Carrier Power Amplifiers","authors":"O. Andersen, P. Malmlof, D. Wisell","doi":"10.1109/ARFTG.2000.327433","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ARFTG.2000.327433","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper the input signal dependence on the nonlinear transfer function of power amplifiers is discussed. It is shown by measurements that the nonlinear behavior of the amplifier does indeed depend on the input signal. This is seen to be true both for AM/AM and AM/PM distortion. The implication is that a traditionally VNA swept CW cannot be used to obtain the AM/AM and AM/PM distortion that will actually take place in the amplifier during real life conditions, and that test signals which closely resembles the signals that will actually be used are necessary. The focus is to present a new possible measurement methodology necessary to target the demands of accurate characterization raised by multiple carrier power amplifiers MCPA:s. We briefly discuss the mechanisms that lies behind this behavior. The test signal selection and creation is discussed, as well as a method of producing highly linear ¿80 dBc WCDMA signals for ACP testing. Finally we present practical measurement results on AM/AM and AM/PM distortion obtained with swept, pulsed and multi-tone input signals to prove the input signal dependence. Practical results is given for high power narrowband Class AB LDMOS amplifiers intended for the 2.11-2.17GHz WCDMA band and for medium power Class A GaAs FET amplifiers.","PeriodicalId":166771,"journal":{"name":"56th ARFTG Conference Digest","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127927874","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 14
Improved Uncertainty for the Noise Source based on the Adapter Removal Methods 基于适配器去除方法的噪声源不确定性改进
56th ARFTG Conference Digest Pub Date : 2000-11-01 DOI: 10.1109/ARFTG.2000.327442
Y. Lee, Norm Royce
{"title":"Improved Uncertainty for the Noise Source based on the Adapter Removal Methods","authors":"Y. Lee, Norm Royce","doi":"10.1109/ARFTG.2000.327442","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ARFTG.2000.327442","url":null,"abstract":"Noise is the fundamental to our understanding communication. For the last ten years and with the emerging of the wireless communication industry, the demand of making high accurate noise generator measurements has increased dramatically. The increased accuracy specification of the Noise Figure Analyzers is based in part on better calibrations of the Noise Source. Our primary noise source standards were calibrated by NIST in APC-7, X-band, P-band, K-band, R-band, and Q-band. Calibrated adapters are used on the NIST calibrated noise sources to characterize the system for the connector option of the noise source being used. The uncertainty of these adapter calibrations degrades the reported uncertainty. The old method would measure pairs of adapters (P-band to Type-N male & Type-N female to P-band) and split the loss of the pair as a best guess of each adapter loss. An increase in the uncertainty budget was made. The new method will require the testing of 3 different adapters. Each adapter is paired back-to-back with the two others and a measurement is made. This results in 3 measurements, 3 equations, and 3 unknowns, which can be solved for each adapter¿s transmission loss. No assumption about loss split is make.","PeriodicalId":166771,"journal":{"name":"56th ARFTG Conference Digest","volume":"108 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127957604","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Synchronous Sampling and Applications to Analytic Signal Estimation 同步采样及其在分析信号估计中的应用
56th ARFTG Conference Digest Pub Date : 2000-11-01 DOI: 10.1109/ARFTG.2000.327436
S. Pepper
{"title":"Synchronous Sampling and Applications to Analytic Signal Estimation","authors":"S. Pepper","doi":"10.1109/ARFTG.2000.327436","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ARFTG.2000.327436","url":null,"abstract":"Analysis of signals in Hilbert space is used for narrowband communications signals in both linear and exponential modulation formats (i.e. QAM, QPSK, FSK etc). Less well known perhaps is the use of the analytic signal in broadband, non-linear modulation analysis. Inter-symbol interference (ISI), Deterministic Jitter, phase noise, and AM-PM conversion are examples of non-linear system impairments whose measurement and analysis are simplified using analytic signal techniques in Hilbert space. Synchronous sampling allows for direct demodulation and extraction of baseband In-phase and Quadrature channels. Its application to measurement of both random and deterministic jitter, phase noise, and AM-PM effects is discussed, as well as calibration methods and other accuracy enhancement techniques. Synchronous sampling is contrasted to conventional waveform recorder timebases: real-time sampling, random equivalent-time sampling, and triggered sweep. Synchronous Sampling uses a phase locked timebase with delay control and carrier extraction to provide a rotating reference frame in Hilbert space, from which the signals are analyzed in three dimensions: I and Q vs. Time or Modulation Frequency.","PeriodicalId":166771,"journal":{"name":"56th ARFTG Conference Digest","volume":"55 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130417327","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 4
Microwave Electric-Field Mapping Using Optical-Fiber-Mounted Electro-Optic Probes 利用光纤光电探针进行微波电场测绘
56th ARFTG Conference Digest Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.1109/ARFTG.2000.327437
K. Yang, J. Whitaker, L. Katehi
{"title":"Microwave Electric-Field Mapping Using Optical-Fiber-Mounted Electro-Optic Probes","authors":"K. Yang, J. Whitaker, L. Katehi","doi":"10.1109/ARFTG.2000.327437","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ARFTG.2000.327437","url":null,"abstract":"A microwave electric-field mapping system based on electro-optic sampling has been developed using micromachined gallium arsenide crystals mounted on gradient-index lenses and single-mode optical fibers. Three orthogonal polarization components of the electric field are distinguished, and two-dimensional field images are obtained by scanning the fiber-based probes in a plane above the device under test. Because the probes are simple dielectrics and require no metal or electrodes to extract the electric field amplitude and phase, they are uniquely useful in the imaging of the aperture-plane region of antennas and arrays, where they provide complete information on radiated, guided, and evanescent waves. Due to the high level of versatility afforded by the optical-fiber coupling, this diagnostic testing can be extended not only to open, guided-wave structures, but also to shielded microwave circuits and packages.","PeriodicalId":166771,"journal":{"name":"56th ARFTG Conference Digest","volume":"27 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126883993","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
A Closer Look at the Nose-to-Nose Calibration: Cyrano de Bergerac and Gepetto the Carpenter 近距离观察鼻对鼻校准:Cyrano de Bergerac和Gepetto the Carpenter
56th ARFTG Conference Digest Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.1109/arftg.2000.327449
Cyrano de Bergerac, G. Carpenter
{"title":"A Closer Look at the Nose-to-Nose Calibration: Cyrano de Bergerac and Gepetto the Carpenter","authors":"Cyrano de Bergerac, G. Carpenter","doi":"10.1109/arftg.2000.327449","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/arftg.2000.327449","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":166771,"journal":{"name":"56th ARFTG Conference Digest","volume":"34 6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132417651","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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