Journal of Parasitology Research最新文献

{"title":"Helminth Parasite Prevalence in the Endangered Ethiopian Wolf (<i>Canis simensis</i>) in Web Valley, Bale Mountains National Park, Ethiopia.","authors":"Girma Ayalew Mengistu, Nigatu Kebede, Fedlu Abdella","doi":"10.1155/2024/6057393","DOIUrl":"10.1155/2024/6057393","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Ethiopian wolves (EWs), <i>Canis simensis</i>, are the rarest canids in the world and Africa's most endangered carnivore, found in only six isolated habitat fragments in the highlands of Ethiopia. Previous reports on the prevalence of parasites in the EW in Bale Mountains National Park (BMNP) are limited, with little information on their helminth fauna. This study seeks to understand the prevalence of helminth parasites in the EW in BMNP, Ethiopia. In this study, fecal samples were collected from 43 EWs in Web Valley (WV), BMNP, from June to October 2020, and the presence of helminth eggs was assessed using fecal sedimentation and centrifugal floatation methods with microscopy. Forty-two out of 43 fecal samples from wolves (98%) contained eggs from two taxonomic groups of helminths. Eggs from <i>Capillaria</i> spp. and <i>Trichuris vulpis</i> were found most frequently, followed by <i>Toxocara canis</i>, <i>Diphyllobothrium</i> spp., <i>Toxascaris leonina</i>, and <i>Capillaria aerophila</i>. One EW (2%) was recorded for harboring the cestode <i>Moniezia expansa</i>. About 9 of the 43 EWs (21%) presented monospecific infection: 9 EWs (21%) harbored 2 parasite species, 9 EWs (21%) hosted 3 parasite species, 11 EWs (26%) had infection involving 4 parasite species, 2 EWs (5%) were infected with 5 parasite species, 1 EW (2%) presented 6 parasite species, 1 EW (2%) harbored 7 parasite species, and 1 EW (2%) was diagnosed without parasite species. Concurrent helminth infection was highly associated with female EW. Megeti 3 was associated with a low level of concurrent helminth infection. The prevalence of helminth parasites found in wolves in the study area suggests that the environment is highly contaminated with intestinal parasites. Regular control of parasite transmission in EW, domestic dogs, and humans in and around BMNP, public education, and further parasite epidemiological studies must be conducted.</p>","PeriodicalId":16662,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Parasitology Research","volume":"2024 ","pages":"6057393"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11226338/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141555018","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Experimental Protocol to <i>Toxoplasma gondii</i> Detection in Fresh Goat Milk.","authors":"Igor Falco Arruda, Patricia Riddell Millar, Mário Felipe Alvarez Balaro, Thamires Francisco Bonifácio, Raissa Cristina Ferreira Ramos, Maria Regina Reis Amendoeira","doi":"10.1155/2024/6895089","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2024/6895089","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Toxoplasma gondii</i> is a zoonotic parasite with global distribution capable of infecting homeothermic animals. Transmission of protozoan to humans includes ingestion of water and raw food contaminated with sporulated oocysts, ingestion of raw or undercooked meat with tissue cysts, and tachyzoites' transplacental transmission. Fresh goat milk intake has already been linked to human toxoplasmosis outbreaks, but little is known about the infectious potential of this biological sample. Accordingly, the aim of the present study is to assess the survival and infectivity of <i>T. gondii</i> tachyzoites in fresh goat milk samples through an experimental protocol to detect this parasite via bioassay carried out with a murine model, DNA amplification, and serology. Swiss Webster mice were inoculated with fresh goat milk samples contaminated with different <i>T. gondii</i> RH strain tachyzoite concentrations per milliliter and stored for different refrigeration times. Animals showing clinical signs compatible to toxoplasmosis were euthanized. Milk samples contaminated with high parasitic loads and kept for a shorter refrigeration time were the most lethal ones. No significant differences were observed between mean death rates recorded for different goat milk contamination concentrations (<i>p</i> = 0.1888), and for the refrigeration time, contaminated milk samples were kept under (<i>p</i> = 0.9440). <i>T. gondii</i> DNA was amplified in all contaminated milk samples, but only one of the surviving mice was serologically positive. Results of the present study have shown <i>T. gondii</i> survival and infectivity in fresh goat milk samples, and it highlights its significant risk for public health. Therefore, molecular methods must be the tests of choice when milk samples are used to assess infection caused by protozoan in goats' dairy products.</p>","PeriodicalId":16662,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Parasitology Research","volume":"2024 ","pages":"6895089"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11458309/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142391294","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Trypanosome Infection in Cattle and Associated Vectors in Etang District of Gambella, Ethiopia.","authors":"Negesa Tola, Akinaw Wagari, Geremew Haile Lemu, Mohamed Kedir, Haben Fesseha Gebremeskel, Isayas Asefa Kebede","doi":"10.1155/2024/5548718","DOIUrl":"10.1155/2024/5548718","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Bovine trypanosomosis produces significant economic losses due to anemia, loss of body condition, and emaciation. The disease is transmitted biologically by tsetse flies and mechanically by biting flies such as <i>Tabanus</i> and <i>Stomoxys</i>. Therefore, this research is aimed at estimating the prevalence of bovine trypanosomosis and the apparent density of its vectors in the Etang Special District.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A cross-sectional study was employed from November 2016 to April 2017 for the prevalence and entomological survey. Trypanosoma species were identified using buffy coat and Giemsa staining techniques. Besides, the entomological surveys were conducted using NGU, pyramidal, biconical, and monoconical traps. The vectors were identified to their genus level based on their morphological features like size, color, wing venation, and proboscis.</p><p><strong>Result: </strong>A total of 457 bovine blood samples were collected and tested, of these 16 (3.50%) animals were positive for trypanosomosis. Similarly, 13 <i>T. vivax</i> (81.25%) and 3 <i>T. congolense</i> (18.75%) were the trypanosome species detected. The prevalence in the young (2.56%) and adult (3.99%) age groups was not statistically significant (<i>P</i> > 0.05). However, there were significant (<i>P</i> < 0.05) differences in prevalence between body condition scores, where poor is 6.31%, medium is 1.30%, and good is 0%. Moreover, the difference in mean PCV values between the parasitemic (20.97) and aparasitemic (28.58) groups was statistically significant (<i>P</i> < 0.05). <i>Glossina</i> flies were not found, although 1756 <i>Tabanus</i> and 52 <i>Stomoxys</i> biting flies were gathered. Accordingly, the overall apparent density of <i>Glossina</i> flies was zero (0), with biting flies (20.54) recorded per trap per day. Moreover, the apparent density of <i>Tabanus</i> and 52 <i>Stomoxys</i> was 39.01 and 1.18, respectively.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study confirmed that trypanosomosis and abundant mechanical vectors continue to be problems in the study area, resulting in cattle productivity losses. As a result, strategic management and prevention methods for trypanosomosis and associated vectors should be prioritized. Further investigation of vector needs to be conducted to clear out tsetse presence.</p>","PeriodicalId":16662,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Parasitology Research","volume":"2024 ","pages":"5548718"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-06-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11323987/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141982500","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Molecular Determination of <i>Toxocara</i> spp. Eggs Isolated from Public Parks and Playgrounds in Zahedan, Southeast Iran.","authors":"Siavash Liravizadeh, Samaneh Abdolahi Khabisi, Alireza Salimi Khorashad, Hadi Mirahmadi","doi":"10.1155/2024/2132696","DOIUrl":"10.1155/2024/2132696","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Human toxocariasis (HT) is a zoonotic disease with a global expansion. Contaminated soil with <i>Toxocara</i> spp. eggs is the main source of human infection, which may lead to severe complications depending on the organs invaded by migrating larvae.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>This study is aimed at eliciting the prevalence of <i>Toxocara</i> spp. eggs in public parks in Zahedan, southeast Iran, and providing new insight into the soil contamination rate in this area using microscopic and molecular methods.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Based on five municipal districts, 240 soil samples were collected from public parks and playgrounds in Zahedan. The modified Sheather's flotation technique was employed to isolate <i>Toxocara</i> spp. eggs from the soil, followed by microscopic assessment and molecular evaluation of internal transcribed spacer 1 and 2 ribosomal deoxyribonucleic acid (ITS1 and 2 rDNA) using nested polymerase chain reaction (nested PCR) to identify the presence of <i>Toxocara</i> spp. eggs. The Sanger sequence was used to differentiate the <i>Toxocara</i> species. Subsequently, all the sequenced data were blasted and compared with other sequences available in the GenBank.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Out of 240 soil samples collected, 7 (2.9%) samples were identified to contain <i>Toxocara</i> spp. eggs using Sheather's flotation and microscopic techniques. Meanwhile, 19 (7.9%) samples were positive using nested PCR. According to the Sanger sequencing analysis findings, all positive samples were contaminated with <i>Toxocara cati</i>.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>As evidenced by the obtained results, only <i>T. cati</i> species were detected in public parks and playgrounds in Zahedan; therefore, control and prevention programs against this species should be considered in human and animal communities.</p>","PeriodicalId":16662,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Parasitology Research","volume":"2024 ","pages":"2132696"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11208816/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141468751","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence of Intestinal Parasitic Infections and Associated Factors among Presumptive Pulmonary Tuberculosis Patients at Debre Tabor Referral Hospital, South Gondar, Northwest Ethiopia: A Cross-Sectional Study.","authors":"Debaka Belete, Azanaw Amare, Tesfaye Andualem, Desie Kasew, Sirak Biset","doi":"10.1155/2024/8993666","DOIUrl":"10.1155/2024/8993666","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>In developing countries, intestinal parasitic infections (IPIs) and tuberculosis (TB) coinfections have been perceived to be high. The geographic distributions of helminths and TB overlap substantially. Parasitic infections affect the outcome of TB by changing the cell-mediated immune response to a humoral response, while <i>Mycobacterium</i> infection favors the immune escape of helminths. There are limited studies on the epidemiology of intestinal parasites among presumptive pulmonary TB (PTB) patients in Ethiopia. Therefore, this study is aimed at determining the prevalence of intestinal parasitic infections and associated factors among patients with presumptive pulmonary tuberculosis at Debre Tabor Referral Hospital.</p><p><strong>Methods and materials: </strong>A hospital-based cross-sectional study was conducted from March to June 2021. The sociodemographic data and associated factors were collected using a structured questionnaire, and stool samples were collected by convenient sampling technique and processed for the detection of intestinal parasites using a direct wet mount saline preparation and formal ether concentration technique. The data was coded, cleaned, and analyzed by SPSS version 23. Bivariate and multivariable analyses were conducted to determine an adjusted odds ratio (AOR). <i>p</i> value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.</p><p><strong>Result: </strong>The overall prevalence of intestinal parasitosis was 25.6% (81/316); of these, 12.9% (41/316) were protozoan infections and 12.7% (40/316) were helminth infections. Multivariable logistic regression analysis showed that being older than 36 years (AOR: 4.35; 95% CI: 1.26, 13.91; <i>p</i> = 0.001), rural residence (AOR: 3.46; 95% CI: 1.18, 9.97; <i>p</i> < 0.001), unable to read and write (AOR = 2.62; 95%CI = 2.15, 8.43; <i>p</i> = 0.004), and use of river water (AOR: 3.47; 95% CI: 1.62, 8.21; <i>p</i> < 0.001) were associated with intestinal parasitic infections.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The present study showed that the prevalence of intestinal parasitosis among presumptive pulmonary tuberculosis patients was high in the study area. Age, residence, educational status, and source of water were significant factors in IPIs among presumptive TB patients. Moreover, our findings suggest a proper health education program for good personal hygiene habits, the coloration of water, avoiding open-field defecation, and also preventative measures to avoid the acquisition of IPIs in patients with TB. Presumptive tuberculosis patients should be screened and treated accordingly. Additionally, it needs further research and recommends more assessment for intestinal parasitic infection in PTB patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":16662,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Parasitology Research","volume":"2024 ","pages":"8993666"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-05-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11127764/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141155496","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence and Associated Risk Factors of <i>Haemonchus contortus</i> in Sheep Slaughtered at Bahir Dar Municipal Abattoir, Ethiopia.","authors":"Dereje Regassa, Aschalech Birhane, Yihenew Getahun, Adugna Chalchisa","doi":"10.1155/2024/1433264","DOIUrl":"10.1155/2024/1433264","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Haemonchus contortus</i> is a blood sucking parasite resulting a massive economic loss in tropical and subtropical sheep rearing areas. A cross-sectional study was conducted to estimate the prevalence of haemonchosis and its predictors at Bahir Dar municipal abattoir, northwestern Ethiopia, from December 2022 to April 2023. A total of 378 abomasum of sheep were taken by using systematic random sampling and inspected according to standard procedures. Accordingly, the findings of this study revealed an overall prevalence of 34.40% (30/378) (95% CI: 29.75-39.35). The presence of <i>H. contortus</i> in female sheep (46.41%) was significantly higher than in male (23.35%) (<i>P</i> < 0.001). The same is true; prevalence of haemonchosis in young (<1 year) sheep was 43.33% significantly (<i>P</i> < 0.001) higher than that of adult (≥1 year) which was 26.26%. Based the origin of the animals in the current study, it was nonsignificant variation (<i>P</i> = 0.386). The current study depicted that <i>H. contortus</i> infection is a common parasitic disease and requires remarkable attention to the prevention and control of haemonchosis at the study area.</p>","PeriodicalId":16662,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Parasitology Research","volume":"2024 ","pages":"1433264"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11111304/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141081672","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"First Report of Seropositivity to <i>Trypanosoma cruzi</i> in Mexican Afro-Descendants from Guerrero and Oaxaca States.","authors":"Bertha Espinoza, Hilda Rangel-Flores, Gabriel Saucedo-Arteaga, Ignacio Martínez, Carlos A Aguilar-Salinas, Brenda Cabrera-Mendoza, David Ponce-Patiño, Javier Mendoza-Duarter, Carlos Eduardo Martínez-Rangel","doi":"10.1155/2024/2014142","DOIUrl":"10.1155/2024/2014142","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Mexican Afro-descendant is a population poorly studied in many aspects, between them the infectious diseases that they suffer. This population is mainly found in the country's Pacific (Oaxaca and Guerrero states) and Atlantic (Veracruz) coast. In these regions, a diversity of triatomine vectors of the Chagas disease is found. Also, all the genotypes of <i>Trypanosoma cruzi</i> DTUs have been reported. That is why the present study aimed to study the presence of antibodies against <i>T. cruzi</i> and cardiac pathology associated with the Chagas disease in the Mexican Afro-descendant population of Guerrero and Oaxaca. ELISA, Western blot, and recombinant antigen's ELISA were used to evaluate the seropositivity of these communities. Furthermore, an electrocardiographic study and evaluation of risk factors associated with <i>T. cruzi</i> infection in the Oaxaca and Guerrero populations were conducted. 26.77% of the analyzed population was positive for two serological tests. These percentages are higher than the previously reported for the mestizo population in similar studies. Electrocardiographic results showed cardiac disorder associated with the Chagas disease in the population. Also, risk factors were identified associated with the men's activities in the outdoor working areas.</p>","PeriodicalId":16662,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Parasitology Research","volume":"2024 ","pages":"2014142"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11095991/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140945012","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Seroprevalence of <i>Fasciola</i> sp. and <i>Toxoplasma gondii</i> Infections in Rural and Urban Inhabitants of Jolfa County, Northwest Iran.","authors":"Shiva Zeinali, Rasool Jafari, Shahram Khademvatan, Ghorban Sakhaei, Sima Masudi, Shahla Khashaveh, Negar Asadi, Elham Yousefi","doi":"10.1155/2024/5690707","DOIUrl":"10.1155/2024/5690707","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Fascioliasis and toxoplasmosis are the two important zoonotic diseases that are endemic in Iran and share some common transmission routes. The present study is aimed at determining the seroprevalence of human fascioliasis and toxoplasmosis in rural and urban areas of Jolfa County, Northwest Iran. In a cross-sectional study, 600 human sera were collected randomly from humans living in Jolfa County including three cities and 13 villages from 2017 to 2018. Anti-<i>Toxoplasma</i> IgG and anti-<i>Fasciola</i> sp. IgG tests have been performed using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Four (0.7%) out of 600 human sera showed positive levels of anti-<i>Fasciola</i> IgG. Three out of four seropositive humans were from an urban area, and one (25%) was from rural inhabitants. Considering <i>T. gondii</i> infection, 45% of studied human sera were seropositive for anti-<i>T. gondii</i> IgG. In conclusion, this is the first study reporting <i>Fasciola</i> seropositivity in the area. Based on the findings, human fascioliasis is present in the studied area, Northwest Iran, granted in low prevalence. Considering <i>T. gondii</i> seropositivity, the prevalence is high, yet close to the reports from other regions in the province.</p>","PeriodicalId":16662,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Parasitology Research","volume":"2024 ","pages":"5690707"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11093652/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140922470","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Preliminary Screening for the Anthelmintic Activity of <i>Millettia zechiana</i> Harms and Its Modifying Effect on Albendazole.","authors":"Michael Asah Asiamah, Theresa Appiah Agana, Yaw Duah Boakye, Christian Agyare, Francis Adu","doi":"10.1155/2024/5513489","DOIUrl":"10.1155/2024/5513489","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Helminthic infections affect a greater proportion of the world's population. This study determined the anthelmintic activity of <i>Millettia zechiana</i> and its modifying effect on albendazole. Powdered leaves of <i>M. zechiana</i> were successively extracted with petroleum ether, ethyl acetate, and ethanol. The anthelmintic potential of the <i>M. zechiana</i> leaf extracts and the modifying effects of the extracts on albendazole were determined on <i>Pheretima posthuma</i>. Phytochemical and gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy (GC-MS) analyses were performed to determine the chemical composition of each extract. The plant extracts of <i>M. zechiana</i> had few or all phytoconstituents such as tannins, saponins, flavonoids, glycosides, terpenoids, phytosterols, and alkaloids present. The IC₅₀ obtained for albendazole, petroleum ether, ethyl acetate, and ethanol extracts for paralysis time were 0.936, 1.722, 1.283, and 1.348 mg/mL, respectively. The IC₅₀ obtained for albendazole and the ethanol extract for death time were 4.638 and 4.988 mg/mL. The ethanol extract at 10 and 5 mg/mL caused death in the worms after 152.5 ± 8.66 minutes and 304.8 ± 7.27 minutes of exposure, respectively. Ethanol, ethyl acetate, and petroleum ether extracts of <i>M. zechiana</i> significantly modified the activity of albendazole at concentrations of 2.5 and 1.25 mg/mL (<i>P</i> < 0.0001). The ethanol extract which exhibited the best anthelminthic activity was fractionated through column chromatography, and five (5) fractions were obtained. Fractions 1, 2, 4, and 5 had the best paralytic activities against the worms. Fractions 1 and 2 demonstrated better helminthicidal activity than albendazole, which had an IC₅₀ of 3.915. The GC-MS analysis of the ethanol, ethyl acetate, and petroleum ether extracts showed the presence of 10, 10, and 37 compounds, respectively, with 9-octadecenamide, (Z)-, n-hexadecanoic acid, oleic acid, and some aromatic compounds being the most predominant. The results obtained indicate that <i>M. zechiana</i> leaf extract possesses anthelmintic activity.</p>","PeriodicalId":16662,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Parasitology Research","volume":"2024 ","pages":"5513489"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-05-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11081747/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140897291","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"<i>Wolbachia</i> and Lymphatic Filarial Nematodes and Their Implications in the Pathogenesis of the Disease.","authors":"Abebaw Setegn, Gashaw Azanaw Amare, Yenesew Mihret","doi":"10.1155/2024/3476951","DOIUrl":"10.1155/2024/3476951","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Lymphatic filariasis (LF) is an infection of three closely related filarial worms such as <i>Wuchereria bancrofti</i>, <i>Brugia malayi</i>, and <i>Brugia timori</i>. These worms can cause a devastating disease that involves acute and chronic lymphoedema of the extremities, which can cause elephantiasis in both sexes and hydroceles in males. These important public health nematodes were found to have a mutualistic relationship with intracellular bacteria of the genus <i>Wolbachia</i>, which is essential for the development and survival of the nematode. The host's inflammatory response to parasites and possibly also to the <i>Wolbachia</i> endosymbiont is the cause of lymphatic damage and disease pathogenesis. This review tried to describe and highlight the mutualistic associations between <i>Wolbachia</i> and lymphatic filarial nematodes and the role of bacteria in the pathogenesis of lymphatic filariasis. Articles for this review were searched from PubMed, Google Scholar, and other databases. Article searching was not restricted by publication year; however, only English version full-text articles were included.</p>","PeriodicalId":16662,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Parasitology Research","volume":"2024 ","pages":"3476951"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-05-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11081757/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140897313","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}