Journal of Parasitology Research最新文献

{"title":"Study on Cattle Trematodiasis and Related Risk Factors in Damot Sore District, Wolaita Zone, Southern Ethiopia.","authors":"Isayas Asefa Kebede, Teshita Edaso Beriso, Tilaye Shibbiru Mengistu, Haben Fesseha Gebremeskel","doi":"10.1155/2023/6687665","DOIUrl":"10.1155/2023/6687665","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Trematodes are chronic, debilitating diseases in livestock, causing significant economic losses worldwide. From mid-December 2021 to May 2022, a cross-sectional study was carried out in the Damot Sore District to estimate the prevalence of trematode infections in cattle and associated risk factors. Trematode eggs were found in 100 of the 384 faecal samples tested, with an overall prevalence of 26.04% (95% CI: 21.88-30.69%). The prevalence for <i>Fasciola</i>, <i>Paramphistome</i>, and <i>Schistosoma</i> species were 12.50%, 5.21%, and 0, respectively. Moreover, the infection rate with two parasites was 8.33%. The data were then examined further using univariable and multivariable logistic regression analysis. As a result, age was the only potential predictor identified to influence trematode infections in cattle among the potential predictors considered. Furthermore, old cattle were more likely to be infected with trematodiasis nearly 12 times (OR = 11.5) that of young cattle, and this difference was statistically significant (<i>p</i> < 0.05), whereas other risk factors considered were statistically insignificant (<i>p</i> > 0.05). According to the findings of this study, cattle trematodiasis is a moderately common disease in the study area. As a result, additional research on the meteorological conditions of snail infection was forwarded, along with other points to reduce the disease problem in livestock production.</p>","PeriodicalId":16662,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Parasitology Research","volume":"2023 ","pages":"6687665"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2023-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10627722/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71482726","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Case-Control Seroprevalence Survey of Toxoplasmosis in Hemodialysis Patients and Healthy Subjects in Kazeroon and Jahrom Districts in Fars Province, Southern Iran.","authors":"Shahin Kadkhodaei,&nbsp;Zahra Kargar Jahromi,&nbsp;Ali Taghipour,&nbsp;Hassan Rezanezhad,&nbsp;Kavous Solhjoo","doi":"10.1155/2023/8251462","DOIUrl":"10.1155/2023/8251462","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Opportunistic parasites such as <i>Toxoplasma gondii</i> (<i>T. gondii</i>) are capable of causing neurological and ocular manifestations in patients undergoing hemodialysis. By designing a matched case-control study, we conducted a seromolecular survey of <i>T. gondii</i> in hemodialysis patients compared to a healthy group from Jahrom and Kazeroon cities in Fars Province, Iran. For this purpose, 75 hemodialysis patients from Kazeroon city, 75 hemodialysis patients from Jahrom city, and 75 healthy individuals were recruited for the study. The serum levels of specific immunoglobulins (IgG/IgM) in the case and control groups were evaluated using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) method. Also, buffy coat samples were used to extract genomic DNA. Then, Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) was accomplished using the RE and GRA6 genes of <i>T. gondii</i>. A standard questionnaire containing demographic factors was administered. Although the seroprevalence of the anti-<i>T. gondii</i> IgG antibody in hemodialysis patients from Kazeroon (18.66% (14/75)) and Jahrom (25.33% (19/75)) was higher than that in the control group (13.33% (10/75)), no statistically significant difference was observed between the case and control groups (<i>P</i> value = 0.373 from Kazeroon and <i>P</i> value = 0.354 from Jahrom). Among the studied variables, only residence (urban) was significantly associated with the anti-<i>T. gondii</i> IgG antibody in the case group from Kazeroon. Also, no IgM antibody titers and DNA of <i>T. gondii</i> were detected in the case and control groups from both cities. Although high seroprevalence of anti-<i>T. gondii</i> IgG antibody was seen in hemodialysis patients, further epidemiological studies with larger samples need to be done in Jahrom and Kazeroon cities and in other parts of Iran. It is also necessary for health officials to establish programs for the prevention and control of <i>T. gondii</i> infection in hemodialysis patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":16662,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Parasitology Research","volume":"2023 ","pages":"8251462"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2023-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10560106/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41120062","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Malaria, Urogenital Schistosomiasis, and Anaemia in Pregnant Ghanaian Women.","authors":"Naa Adjeley Frempong,&nbsp;Charity Ahiabor,&nbsp;William K Anyan,&nbsp;Atikatou Mama,&nbsp;Kwadwo Asamoah Kusi,&nbsp;Michael F Ofori,&nbsp;Bright Adu,&nbsp;Alex Yaw Debrah,&nbsp;Abraham K Anang,&nbsp;Nicaise T Ndam,&nbsp;David Courtin","doi":"10.1155/2023/7500676","DOIUrl":"10.1155/2023/7500676","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Anaemia is common in sub-Saharan Africa, and parasitic infections could worsen its burden during pregnancy. Moreover, women become susceptible to malaria during pregnancy. We investigated <i>Plasmodium falciparum</i> (<i>P. falciparum</i>) and <i>Schistosoma haematobium</i> (<i>S. haematobium</i>) infections and determined their association with anaemia during pregnancy.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A cross-sectional study involving 707 pregnant women attending antenatal care visits (ANC) and 446 at delivery was conducted in Battor and Adidome hospitals. Pregnant women were screened by microscopy and qPCR for <i>P. falciparum</i> and <i>S. haematobium</i> infections. Haemoglobin (Hb) levels were determined, and most participants received intermittent preventive treatment during pregnancy (IPTp) during ANC till delivery. Regression analyses were performed for associations between parasite infection and anaemia.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong><i>P. falciparum</i> microscopy prevalence at ANC and delivery was 8% and 2%, respectively, and by PCR 24% at ANC and 12% at delivery. Anaemia prevalence at ANC was 52% and 49% at delivery. There was an increased risk of anaemia with <i>P. falciparum</i> infection (aOR = 1.92; <i>p</i> = 0.04). IPTp (<i>p</i> = 0.003) and age (<i>p</i> = 0.004) were associated with increased Hb levels at delivery. <i>S. haematobium</i> prevalence by microscopy was 4% at ANC and 2% at delivery. No significant correlation between <i>S. haematobium</i> and Hb levels was observed (coef. = -0.62 g/dl; <i>p</i> = 0.07).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>High anaemia prevalence was observed during pregnancy, and <i>P. falciparum</i> infection was associated with anaemia at ANC. Low <i>S. haematobium</i> prevalence could be attributed to previous praziquantel treatment during mass drug administration. Routine diagnosis and treatment of <i>S. haematobium</i> infections in endemic areas could be initiated to reduce schistosomiasis during pregnancy.</p>","PeriodicalId":16662,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Parasitology Research","volume":"2023 ","pages":"7500676"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2023-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10558271/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41176489","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Seasonal Prevalence and Status of Anthelmintic Resistance of Goats' Gastrointestinal Nematodes, Mirab Abaya, Southern Ethiopia.","authors":"Behailu Negash,&nbsp;Wasihun Seyoum,&nbsp;Desie Sheferaw","doi":"10.1155/2023/9945998","DOIUrl":"10.1155/2023/9945998","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Goats are an important source of livelihood especially for smallholder communities. But gastrointestinal nematodosis is the greatest threats of goat production. A repeated cross-sectional and field experimental study design was conducted from December 2020 to August 2021 in Mirab Abaya district, with the aim of seasonal prevalence gastrointestinal nematode infection and assessment of anthelmintic resistance. A systematic random sampling strategy was used to select the study goats. The overall prevalence of gastrointestinal nematode infections of goats in the study area was 57.9% (95% CI: 54.4-61.4), of which 48.7% (95% CI: 43.7-53.7) and 67.2% (95% CI: 62.3-71.7) accounted to dry and wet seasons, respectively. The multivariable logistic regression analysis showed that season, age, sex, and flock size were significantly (<i>p</i> < 0.05) influenced the prevalence of gastrointestinal nematode infection of goats. The number of eggs per gram of faeces (EPG) was ranged from 100 to 2500. The overall mean egg per gram of faeces (EPG) was 461.1 ± 20.9. The mean EPG of wet season (532.7 ± 28.6) was higher than the dry season (362.3 ± 29.1). From faecal culture, 552 nematode larvae were recovered, and the most commonly identified nematode genera were <i>Haemonchus</i> (36.4%) that followed by <i>Trichostrongylus</i> (28.1%), <i>Oesophagostomum</i> (15.4%), <i>Bunostomum</i> (11.4), <i>Teladorsagia</i> (5.4%), and <i>Strongyloides</i> (3.0%) species. From the anthelmintic resistance test in the field, the percentage reduction and 95% confidence limit of albendazole were 96% (84.2-99.0) and 97.0% (84.6-99.4) in dry and wet seasons, respectively. Here, the lower limit of 95% CI was less than 90% both in dry and wet seasons; and hence, albendazole was suspected for resistance development by gastrointestinal nematode. From a pooled faecal culture that collected from albendazole-treated goats, <i>Haemonchus</i> species was recovered. Therefore, due attention shall be by animal health professionals in the area in the use of albendazole. Animal health extension work to create awareness of how anthelmintic is used is helpful in reducing the risk. Changing the type of anthelmintic drug after using for some period will minimize the risk of anthelmintic resistance development.</p>","PeriodicalId":16662,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Parasitology Research","volume":"2023 ","pages":"9945998"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2023-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10545473/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41133251","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Malaria and Typhoid Fever Coinfection among Febrile Patients in Ngaoundéré (Adamawa, Cameroon): A Cross-Sectional Study.","authors":"Francky Steve Sohanang Nodem,&nbsp;Didiane Ymele,&nbsp;Mouni Fadimatou,&nbsp;Simeon-Pierre Chegaing Fodouop","doi":"10.1155/2023/5334813","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2023/5334813","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Malaria and typhoid fever remain the major cause of morbidity and mortality in tropical and subtropical countries. It is common today to see patients being concurrently infected or treated for the two diseases.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>The aim of the present study was to determine the prevalence of malaria, typhoid fever, and their coinfection among febrile patients at Ngaoundéré Regional Hospital, Adamawa, Cameroon. <i>Methodology</i>. A cross-sectional and descriptive study was conducted on 208 febrile patients coming for medical consultation at Ngaoundéré Regional Hospital and suspected for malaria and/or typhoid fever from September to November 2019. After receiving the consent of each patient, clinical and sociodemographic information were collected using a pretested semistructured questionnaire. Thereafter, blood samples were collected and subjected to (i) blood film examination for malaria detection and (ii) qualitative and semiquantitative Widal assay for typhoid fever detection.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong><i>Plasmodium falciparum</i> was the only species identified, and the prevalence of malaria was 50.0% (<i>n</i> = 104). The seroprevalence of typhoid fever was 64.3% (<i>n</i> = 133). The malaria and typhoid fever coinfection was 30.3% (<i>n</i> = 63). The coinfection between <i>S. paratyphi</i> (A, B, and C) and malaria was also observed with the prevalence ranging from 32.2 to 63.9%. Female group and children from 2 to 10 years old were the most affected groups by the two infectious agents.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Typhoid fever and malaria were more prevalent in Ngaoundéré City, particularly in children and women. Further studies should be done on the risk factors of malaria and typhoid fever coinfection in different study areas.</p>","PeriodicalId":16662,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Parasitology Research","volume":"2023 ","pages":"5334813"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2023-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10545472/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41132012","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"<i>In Vitro</i> Cercaricidal Activity, Acute Toxicity, and GC/MS Analysis of Some Selected Ghanaian Medicinal Plants.","authors":"Bright Osei-Mensah,&nbsp;Yaw Duah Boakye,&nbsp;William Kofi Anyan,&nbsp;Theresa Appiah Agana,&nbsp;Eugene Agyei Aboagye,&nbsp;Ivy Bentil,&nbsp;Elvis Suatey Lomotey,&nbsp;Francis Adu,&nbsp;Christian Agyare","doi":"10.1155/2023/4589424","DOIUrl":"10.1155/2023/4589424","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Schistosomiasis is a human parasitic disease caused by the <i>Schistosoma</i> species and is recognised in public health as second to malaria in terms of its socioeconomic impact on humans. Four local plants native to many tribes in Ghana and known for their medicinal properties against some diseases were assessed for their cercaricidal activity against <i>Schistosoma mansoni</i> cercariae. The plants, namely, <i>Newbouldia laevis</i> stem bark (NLSB), <i>Spathodea campanulata</i> stem bark (SCSB), <i>Momordica charantia</i> leaves (MCL), and <i>Ocimum viride</i> leaves (OVL), were extracted for their active metabolites using methanol. Preliminary phytochemical screening was carried out on all plant extracts and powdered samples. The crude extracts were tested against <i>S. mansoni</i> cercariae <i>in vitro</i> using <i>Balanites aegyptiaca</i> as the positive control. The percentage of mortalities for each extract was recorded. Gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) analysis was conducted on all the plant extracts. Phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of saponins, glycosides, triterpenoids, sterols, alkaloids, flavonoids, and tannins in almost all the extracts. GC/MS analysis showed the presence of medicinally important active volatile compounds in each extract such as thymol, n-hexadecanoic acid, phytol, and maltol. All four plants showed relatively different levels of activity against <i>S. mansoni</i> cercariae at different times and concentrations. The LC₅₀ values of the plant extracts were determined at the end of the assay. At 240 min, NLSB, SCSB, MCL, and OVL extracts had LC₅₀ values of 487.564, 429.898, 197.696, and 0.129 <i>μ</i>g/mL, respectively. Hence, this study revealed the potency of <i>Ocimum viride</i> leaves, <i>Momordica charantia</i> leaves, <i>Spathodea campanulata</i> stem bark, and <i>Newbouldia laevis</i> stem bark against <i>S. mansoni</i>. These plants could therefore be exploited as possible candidates for curbing schistosomiasis.</p>","PeriodicalId":16662,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Parasitology Research","volume":"2023 ","pages":"4589424"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2023-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10516696/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41130780","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nematocidal Activity of Ethanol and Aqueous Extracts of <i>Persea americana</i> Seeds against <i>Heligmosomoides polygyrus</i> using the Worm Microtracker Method.","authors":"Yamssi Cédric,&nbsp;Noumedem Anangmo Christelle Nadia,&nbsp;Sandra Nfufu,&nbsp;Mounvera Abdel Azizi,&nbsp;Tientcheu Noutong Jemimah Sandra,&nbsp;Vincent Khan Payne","doi":"10.1155/2023/9545565","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2023/9545565","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Infections with gastrointestinal helminths constitute a serious obstacle to the good health of the local population in most African Countries. The aim of this study was to evaluate the anthelminthic activity of <i>Persea americana</i> ethanol and aqueous extracts against <i>Heligmosomoides polygyrus</i> using the worm microtracker.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>Aqueous and ethanolic extracts of <i>P. americana</i> were prepared. Different concentrations of the extracts were tested against the egg and larvae stages of <i>H. polygyrus</i> using an automated high-throughput method. Briefly, embryonated eggs and larvae of this parasite were obtained after the incubation of fresh eggs at 25°C for 24, 48, and 96 hours for embryonated eggs, L₁ and L₂ larvae, respectively. One hundred microliters of the plant extracts at various concentrations were put in contact in a 96-well microplate with a suspension of 100 embryonated eggs in a total volume of 200 <i>μ</i>L and incubated in a worm microtracker where the motility of the worms was recorded every 30 minutes for the ovicidal activity. The final tested extract concentration was 5, 2.5, 1.25, 0.625, and 0.3125 mg/mL, whereas ringer solution (0.95%) and 1.5% Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) were used as negative controls and levamisole as positive control. The same method was used for larvicidal activities. The anthelmintic activity was determined using the average movement of the worms in the tested product compared with the negative control (1.5% DMSO and ringer solution).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The egg hatching rates of <i>H. polygyrus</i> had IC₅₀ of 0.49 mg/mL (95% confidence interval: 71.70-92.03) and 0.22 mg/mL (95% confidence interval: 74.28-86.18) for the ethanol and aqueous extract, respectively. These IC₅₀ indicate that the aqueous extract is more active for the inhibition of hatching at a 95% confidence interval. The aqueous and ethanol extracts presented mean inhibitory hatching rates of 78.33 ± 1.67% and 75.67 ± 1.15% at 5 mg/mL, respectively, with no significant differences. The highest percentage of inhibition of L₁ larva was observed at 5 mg/mL with 89 ± 2.3%and 85 ± 2.7% for the ethanol and aqueous extracts, respectively. The lowest percentage of inhibition was observed at 0.3125 mg/mL, with 54.67 ± 3.38% and 49 ± 2.64% for the ethanol and aqueous extract, respectively. No significant differences were observed between the two extracts at 5 mg/mL with an inhibitory percentage of 90.67 ± 3.05% (ethanol) and 89.33 ± 2.08% (aqueous).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Extracts of <i>P. americana</i> seeds possess nematocidal activity, however, further <i>in silico</i> and <i>in vivo</i> investigations are necessary to confirm their anthelminthic activity.</p>","PeriodicalId":16662,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Parasitology Research","volume":"2023 ","pages":"9545565"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2023-09-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10513806/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41141081","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Antimalarial Efficacy and Antioxidant Activity of <i>Lophira lanceolata</i> Stem Bark Ethanol Extract Using <i>Plasmodium berghei</i> Induced-Malaria in <i>Swiss Albino's</i> Mice.","authors":"Mounvera Abdel Azizi,&nbsp;Noumedem Anangmo Christelle Nadia,&nbsp;Yamssi Cedric,&nbsp;Ngouyamsa Nsapkain Aboubakar Sidiki,&nbsp;Gamago Nkadeu Guy-Armand,&nbsp;Djeussi Doriane Esther,&nbsp;Tientcheu Noutong Jemimah Sandra,&nbsp;Tako Djimefo Alex Kevin,&nbsp;Vincent Khan Payne","doi":"10.1155/2023/9400650","DOIUrl":"10.1155/2023/9400650","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Malaria remains a major public health problem in the tropical and subtropical regions. This study aimed of investigating the antimalarial and antioxidant activities of ethanol extract of <i>Lophira lanceolata</i> stem bark. <i>Methodology</i>. The antimalarial activity was determined using the Peter 4-days' suppressive and Rane's curative tests on Swiss albino: these mice were infected with 1 × 10⁷ parasitized red blood cells. The percentage reduction of parasitemia was related to each test, and the liver homogenate was used to assay malondialdehyde, superoxide dismutase, nitrogen monoxide, catalase, and glutathione for the evaluation of oxidative stress. During the curative test, blood was collected for hematological parameters, alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase to evaluate liver function.</p><p><strong>Result: </strong>The ethanol extract of <i>L. lanceolata</i> showed a dose-dependent suppressive activity with the highest suppression of 88.22% at 500 mg/kg. Suppression produced by the extract was not significantly higher than that of the reference drug with 96.1%. Similarly, the extract at doses 125, 250, and 500 mg/kg showed significant decreases (<i>P</i> < 0.05) in a dose-dependent manner during the curative test. The ethanol extract <i>of L. lanceolata</i> caused a reduction of tissue markers, such as hepatic oxidative stress, as it increased the enzymatic activity of antioxidant enzymes.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The ethanol extract of <i>L. lanceolata</i> possesses both antimalarial and antioxidant activities. However, further <i>in vivo</i> toxicity tests are required to guarantee their safety.</p>","PeriodicalId":16662,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Parasitology Research","volume":"2023 ","pages":"9400650"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2023-08-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10457170/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10101309","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence and Risk Factors of Trypanosomosis in Dromedary Camels in the Pastoral Areas of the Guji Zone in Ethiopia","authors":"G. Alemu, R. Abebe","doi":"10.1155/2023/8611281","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2023/8611281","url":null,"abstract":"Camel trypanosomosis is a life-threatening disease with adverse effects on camel health, production, and working efficiency. Despite this, camel trypanosomosis has received much less attention in Ethiopia compared with the disease in cattle and other animals. This cross-sectional study was conducted to evaluate the prevalence of camel trypanosomosis, identify the potential risk factors, and determine the importance of trypanosomosis in causing anemia in camels in the Gorodola and Liben districts in the Guji Zone of Oromia Regional State in Ethiopia. To this end, blood samples were collected from randomly selected 450 camels in heparinized capillary tubes and analyzed for the presence of Trypanosoma evansi using the buffy coat technique and Giemsa-stained thin smears. T. evansi infection was detected in 24 (5.3%) of the 450 camels examined. Out of the four variables analyzed in this study, two factors, such as body condition (BC) score and age, were found to be significantly (\u0000 \u0000 P\u0000 <\u0000 0.05\u0000 \u0000 ) associated with trypanosomosis in camels. A higher prevalence of trypanosomosis was observed in camels in poor BC (13.22%) than in camels in good (4.62%) or moderate (1.01%) BC. Likewise, adult camels (8.09%) were infected more frequently than young camels (1.12%), whereas no trypanosomes were detected in camel calves under 2 years of age. No significant statistical difference was found between the two districts, and male and female camels (\u0000 \u0000 P\u0000 >\u0000 0.05\u0000 \u0000 ). Statistically, the mean packed cell volume was significantly lower (\u0000 \u0000 P\u0000 <\u0000 0.05\u0000 \u0000 ) in parasitemic camels (\u0000 \u0000 26.5\u0000 %\u0000 ±\u0000 7\u0000 \u0000 ) as compared with aparasitemic camels (\u0000 \u0000 33.9\u0000 %\u0000 ±\u0000 9.1\u0000 \u0000 ). In conclusion, the current study conducted during a dry season showed a moderate prevalence of trypanosomosis in camels. Further studies using more sensitive and specific diagnostic tests, such as miniature anion-exchange centrifugation technique, serology, or molecular tests, are needed to establish a true epidemiological dataset on the prevalence and seasonality of the disease and its vectors in the study area to recommend viable control measures.","PeriodicalId":16662,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Parasitology Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2023-07-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42535190","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of Four Malaria Rapid Diagnostic Test Kits Used at the Enyiresi Government Hospital in the Eastern Region of Ghana","authors":"S. Domfeh, Boateng Y. Darkwa, Raymond K. Gablah, Evans Adu-Asamoah, C. Obirikorang","doi":"10.1155/2023/4226020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2023/4226020","url":null,"abstract":"Microscopic identification of Plasmodium spp. is the gold standard for malaria diagnosis. However, malaria rapid diagnostic test kits are also available for prompt diagnosis. This study evaluated four routinely used malaria rapid diagnostic test kits at the Enyiresi Government Hospital in the Eastern Region of Ghana. This cross-sectional study was conducted among 238 patients suspected of malaria. Venous blood samples were collected to identify Plasmodium falciparum using microscopic techniques. Further, the performances of four malaria rapid diagnostic test kits, First Response Malaria Ag Pf, Carestart Malaria Pf, SD Bioline Ag Pf, and ABON Malaria Pf, were evaluated using the results from the microscopy as the standard reference. As confirmed by microscopy, 65.5% (156/238) of the patients have falciparum malaria. All malaria rapid diagnostic test kits had sensitivities and specificities over 75% compared to microscopy results as the reference standard. However, the SD Bioline Ag Pf kit recorded the highest agreement with the microscopy (\u0000 \u0000 Cohe\u0000 n\u0000 ’\u0000 s\u0000  \u0000 kappa\u0000 =\u0000 0.879\u0000 \u0000 ). All the malaria rapid diagnostic test kits performed quite well and can be used in emergencies. However, results from these kits need to be confirmed by microscopy.","PeriodicalId":16662,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Parasitology Research","volume":"49 26","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2023-03-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41276721","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}