Journal of Parasitology Research最新文献

{"title":"Sibling Species Composition and Susceptibility Status of <i>Anopheles gambiae</i> s.l. to Insecticides Used for Indoor Residual Spraying in Eastern Uganda.","authors":"Julius Iga,&nbsp;Stephen Ochaya,&nbsp;Richard Echodu,&nbsp;Elizabeth A Opiyo,&nbsp;Alex K Musiime,&nbsp;Angella Nakamaanya,&nbsp;Geoffrey M Malinga","doi":"10.1155/2023/2225233","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2023/2225233","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Background: &lt;/strong&gt;Malaria remains one of the most critical disease causing morbidity and mortality in Uganda. Indoor residual spraying (IRS) and the use of insecticide-treated bed nets are currently the predominant malaria vector control interventions. However, the emergence and spread of insecticide resistance among malaria vectors threaten the continued effectiveness of these interventions to control the disease, particularly in high transmission areas. To inform decisions on vector control, the current study evaluated the &lt;i&gt;Anopheles&lt;/i&gt; malaria vector species and their susceptibility levels to 0.1% bendiocarb and 0.25% pirimiphos-methyl insecticides used in IRS intervention program in Namutumba district, Eastern Uganda.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Methods: &lt;/strong&gt;&lt;i&gt;Anopheles&lt;/i&gt; larvae were collected between March and May 2017 from different breeding sites in the parishes of Nsinze and Nawaikona in Nsinze sub-county and reared to adults to assess the susceptibility status of populations in the study area. Mosquitoes were identified using morphological keys and species-specific polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assays. Susceptibility tests were conducted on 2- to 5-day-old non-blood-fed adult female &lt;i&gt;Anopheles&lt;/i&gt; that emerged using insecticide-impregnated papers with 0.1% bendiocarb and 0.25% pirimiphos-methyl following standard World Health Organization (WHO) insecticide susceptibility bioassays. A Log-probit regression model was used to derive the knock-down rates for 50% and 95% of exposed mosquitoes.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Results: &lt;/strong&gt;A total of 700 mosquito larvae were collected from different breeding sites. Morphological identification showed that 500 individuals that emerged belonged to &lt;i&gt;Anopheles gambiae&lt;/i&gt; sensu lato (s.l.), the main malaria vector. The PCR results showed that the dominant sibling species under the &lt;i&gt;A. gambiae&lt;/i&gt; complex was &lt;i&gt;Anopheles arabiensis&lt;/i&gt; 99.5% (395/397). WHO bioassay tests revealed that the population of mosquitoes exhibited high levels of susceptibility (24-hour post-exposure mortality 98-100%) to both insecticides tested. The median knock-down time, KDT&lt;sub&gt;50&lt;/sub&gt;, ranged from 6.6 to 81.4 minutes, while the KDT&lt;sub&gt;95&lt;/sub&gt; ranged from 21.6 to 118.9 minutes for 0.25% pirimiphos-methyl. The KDT&lt;sub&gt;50&lt;/sub&gt; for 0.1% bendiocarb ranged from 2.8 to 62.9 minutes, whereas the KDT&lt;sub&gt;95&lt;/sub&gt; ranged from 36.0 to 88.5 minutes.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Conclusions: &lt;/strong&gt;These findings indicate that bendiocarb and pirimiphos-methyl are still effective against the major malaria vector, &lt;i&gt;A. arabiensis&lt;/i&gt; in Nsinze sub-county, Namutumba district, Uganda and can be effectively used for IRS. The study has provided baseline information on the insecticide susceptibility status on malaria vectors in the study area. However, routine continuous monitoring program of insecticide susceptibility and malaria vector composition is required so as to guide future decisions on insecticide use for IRS intervention toward ","PeriodicalId":16662,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Parasitology Research","volume":"2023 ","pages":"2225233"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10352534/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9844519","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ethnobotanical Survey and Cercaricidal Activity Screening of Medicinal Plants Used for Schistosomiasis Treatment in Atwima-Nwabiagya District, Ashanti Region, Ghana.","authors":"Evelyn Asante-Kwatia,&nbsp;Lord Gyimah,&nbsp;Arnold Donkor Forkuo,&nbsp;William Kofi Anyan,&nbsp;Makafui Adzo Gbemu,&nbsp;Francis Ackah Armah,&nbsp;Abraham Yeboah Mensah","doi":"10.1155/2023/6707157","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2023/6707157","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study focused on documenting and evaluating the cercaricidal activity of medicinal plants used for schistosomiasis treatment in an endemic area in Ghana. Through semistructured questionnaires, personal interviews with herbalists in communities surrounding the Barekese dam in the Atwima-Nwabiagya district, where the disease is endemic, were carried out. Thirty medicinal plants distributed in 19 families were reported to be used for schistosomiasis treatment in the survey. Information on the plants, including scientific names, common names, families, and the used plant part were recorded. The families Apocynaceae and Euphorbiaceae recorded the highest number of plants (14% each), followed by Asteraceae (10%), Loranthaceae (7%), and Rubiaceae (7%). <i>In vitro</i> cercaricidal activity of methanol extracts of nine out of the thirty plants was performed by exposing human <i>Schistosoma mansoni</i> cercariae obtained from <i>Biomphalaria pfeifferi</i> to various concentrations of extracts over a duration of 240 minutes. All the plants tested demonstrated time- and concentration-dependent cercaricidal activity. With lethality being set at <1000 <i>μ</i>g/mL, the cercaricidal activity in order of decreasing potency was as follows: <i>Withania somnifera</i> (LC₅₀ = 1.29) > <i>Balanites aegyptiaca</i> (LC₅₀ = 7.1) > <i>Xylia evansii</i> (LC₅₀ = 11.14) <i>> Jathropha multifida</i> (LC₅₀ = 12.9) <i>> Justicia flava</i> (LC₅₀ = 22.9) <i>> Anopyxis klaineana</i> (LC₅₀ = 182.81) > <i>Ximenia americana</i> (LC₅₀ = 194.98) <i>> Loranthus lecardii</i> (LC₅₀ = 223.87) <i>> Bridelia tenufolia</i> (LC₅₀ = 309.03) > <i>Zanthoxylium zanthoxyloides</i> (LC₅₀ = 851.94). Phytochemicals, including alkaloids, tannins, triterpenes, saponins, phytosterols, and flavonoids were identified in the plants. The result of this study gives scientific credence to the traditional use of these plants in the treatment of schistosomiasis and proves that the rich botanical knowledge of medicinal plants provides an incredible starting point for the discovery of new anti-schistosomal drugs for the local population.</p>","PeriodicalId":16662,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Parasitology Research","volume":"2023 ","pages":"6707157"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10372336/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9909730","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence and Associated Factors of Intestinal Parasites among Food Handlers Working in Food Service Establishments in Northwest Ethiopia, 2022.","authors":"Hailegebriel Wondimu,&nbsp;Mestawut Mihret","doi":"10.1155/2023/3230139","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2023/3230139","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>As in most of African countries, intestinal parasites have been widely distributed in Ethiopia and are among the 10 top causes of morbidity and mortality nationwide. Statistics for food-borne illness in various industrialized countries show that up to 60% of cases may be caused by poor food handling techniques and by contaminated food served in food service establishments. Epidemiological information on the prevalence of various intestinal parasitic infections in different regions/localities is a prerequisite to develop appropriate strategies.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study aimed to determine the magnitude of intestinal parasites among food handlers working in different food service establishments in Gondar city.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A cross-sectional study was conducted with food handlers working in different food service establishments in Gondar city. Stool samples were collected from 350 food handlers and processed using the formol-ether concentration method and then microscopically examined for intestinal parasitic infections. Pre-tested and structured questionnaire was used to study the socio-demographic characteristics of food handlers. Chi-square test and <i>p</i>-value were used to assess the associations between risk factors and the parasite isolation rate. The <i>p</i>-value ≤0.05 was considered as statistically significant.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of the 350 food handlers, 160 (45.71%) had parasites. Among the isolated parasites, <i>Ascaris lumbricoides</i> was found to be the most prevalent parasite 35.63%, followed by hookworm 19.38%, <i>Entamoeba histolytica/dispar</i> 16.25%, <i>Trichuris trichiura</i> 10.00%, <i>Strongyloides stercoralis</i> 8.13%, <i>Schistosoma mansoni</i> 6.88%, and <i>Cystoisospora belli, Hymenolepis nana</i>, and <i>Taenia</i> species each accounting 1.25%.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The result of the study indicated that the magnitude of intestinal parasitosis among food handlers working at different levels of food establishments in Gondar, Ethiopia, was found to be high. Being at lower educational level and inactive role of the town's municipality are determined as a risk factor for parasitic positivity of food handlers.</p>","PeriodicalId":16662,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Parasitology Research","volume":"2023 ","pages":"3230139"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10212672/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9547260","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence and Determinant Factors of Intestinal Parasitic Infections and Undernutrition among Primary School Children in North-Central Ethiopia: A School-Based Cross-Sectional Study.","authors":"Habtye Bisetegn,&nbsp;Habtu Debash,&nbsp;Hussen Ebrahim,&nbsp;Yonas Erkihun,&nbsp;Mihret Tilahun,&nbsp;Daniel Getacher Feleke","doi":"10.1155/2023/2256910","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2023/2256910","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Intestinal parasitic infections (IPIs) are a major public health problem with high morbidity and mortality in developing countries. Undernutrition is a major health problem among school children and affects their cognitive development, psychological development, motor skills, and academic achievements. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the prevalence and determinant factors of IPIs and undernutrition among primary school children.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>Cross-sectional study was conducted among 450 children from February to March 2021 at selected primary schools in Dessie town, North-central Ethiopia. Participants were selected using a stratified sampling technique. Pretested questionnaires were used to collect sociodemographic and nutrition-related data. Stool samples were used to diagnose IPIs. Participants' height and weight were measured and body mass index (BMI) was calculated. Nutritional assessment was done using WHO AnthroPlus software. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 26 software. <i>P</i>-values <0.05 were considered statistically significant.</p><p><strong>Result: </strong>The overall prevalence of intestinal parasites was 28.9%. The prevalence of intestinal protozoa and helminths were 19.1% and 9.8%, respectively. <i>Entamoeba histolytica/dispar</i> was the most prevalent parasite (9.3%) followed by <i>Giardia intestinalis</i> (7.6%), <i>Enterobius vermicularis</i> (2.9%), and <i>Ascaris lumbricoides</i> (2.7%). The prevalence of intestinal parasites was higher in male (16.5%) than in female (12.4%) participants. Children whose mother's level of education is illiterate, 6-11 years old, have a habit of eating raw/undercooked fruits and vegetables, untrimmed and dirty fingernails, and sickness in the past week were significantly associated with IPIs. The prevalence of underweight, stunting, and wasting were 22.4%, 26.2%, and 20.7%, respectively. Multivariable logistic regression showed gender, family size, meal frequency, and breakfast were significantly associated with undernutrition. IPIs had a statistically significant association with underweight, stunting, and wasting.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The study showed that IPIs and undernutrition are still major health problems among children in North-central Ethiopia. Periodic deworming, community health, and school health education will be valuable to improve the health, growth, and educational outcome of children.</p>","PeriodicalId":16662,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Parasitology Research","volume":"2023 ","pages":"2256910"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10033212/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9560094","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigating the Occurrence of Soil-Transmitted Parasites Contaminating Soil, Vegetables, and Green Fodder in the East of Nile Delta, Egypt.","authors":"Samah H Yahia,&nbsp;Samia E Etewa,&nbsp;Abd Allah A Al Hoot,&nbsp;Salwa Z Arafa,&nbsp;Nesreen S Saleh,&nbsp;Mohamed H Sarhan,&nbsp;Suzan I Rashad,&nbsp;Shimaa S Hassan","doi":"10.1155/2023/6300563","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2023/6300563","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Background: &lt;/strong&gt;Food-borne parasites are major sources of human and animal illness, posing severe health risks in places with contaminated soil, poor water quality, cleanliness, and poor sanitation. The usage of untreated organic fertilizers arising from the excreta of the parasites' definitive hosts either man or animal pollutes the agricultural soil and is reflected in its products of vegetables and green fodders causing serious health problems. Therefore, to the best of our knowledge, this will be the first study that investigated the combination of parasitic contamination of the agricultural soil and its products of raw eaten vegetables and green fodder in East Nile Delta, Egypt.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Aim: &lt;/strong&gt;The purpose of this study was to investigate the type and degree of contamination caused by parasites in regularly used raw vegetables, green fodder, and soil samples collected from open fields in Egypt's East Nile Delta. &lt;i&gt;Study Procedures&lt;/i&gt;. A cross-sectional study comprised a simple random collection of 400 soil samples, 180 green fodder samples, and as well as 400 vegetable samples, including lettuce, radish, coriander, parsley, dill, watercress, tomatoes, green pepper, cucumber, and carrot, that were gathered throughout one year period from January to December 2021 to represent all seasons (winter, spring, summer, and autumn). The research locations were chosen from various open green fields and farming regions in Egypt's East Nile Delta producing ready-to-eat vegetables for human consumptions and planting green fodder for animal feeding. Concentrations, including sedimentation, and flotation, and staining techniques were used to recover the greatest number of parasitic life forms. The parasitic structures discovered were identified using biometric and imaging data and compared with known parasite morphology. Statistical analysis was performed with the SPSS software version 22 (IBM, Chicago, IL, USA). Data were presented in numbers and percentages. &lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt;-values equal to or less than 0.05 were considered to be statistically significant. The difference in parasitic contamination among the different categories was compared using the chi-square test.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Results: &lt;/strong&gt;In this investigation, 243 out of 400 soil samples (60.7%) confirmed positive for parasitic contamination (&lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt; &lt; 0.05). Various parasitic life forms were significantly found in 249 out of 400 (62.25%) of the vegetable samples, with (65.1%) of them harboring one parasite species, whereas 9.2% significantly contained up to three parasites. &lt;i&gt;Ascaris&lt;/i&gt; eggs, &lt;i&gt;Trichuris&lt;/i&gt; eggs, and &lt;i&gt;Giardia&lt;/i&gt; cysts were the most prevalent parasites, which were predominantly isolated from vegetables with uneven surfaces. 109 of 180 (60.0%) green fodder samples confirmed insignificantly positive for parasitic pollution. The proportion of parasite contamination in vegetable samples was insignificant although the highest was in spring (29.3%), foll","PeriodicalId":16662,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Parasitology Research","volume":"2023 ","pages":"6300563"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10264710/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9655804","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Antimalarial and Antioxidant Activities of Ethanolic Stem Bark Extract of <i>Terminalia macroptera</i> in Swiss Albino Mice Infected with <i>Plasmodium berghei</i>.","authors":"Ngouyamsa Nsapkain Aboubakar Sidiki,&nbsp;Noumedem Anangmo Christelle Nadia,&nbsp;Yamssi Cedric,&nbsp;Gamago Nkadeu Guy-Armand,&nbsp;Tientcheu Noutong Jemimah Sandra,&nbsp;Tako Djimefo Alex Kevin,&nbsp;Mounvera Abdel Azizi,&nbsp;Vincent Khan Payne","doi":"10.1155/2023/3350293","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2023/3350293","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Reduction of oxidative stress during malaria infection is considered as being of great benefit so long as treatment and drug development approaches are concerned. This study had the aim of evaluating the antimalarial and antioxidant activities of the ethanolic extract of <i>Terminalia macroptera</i> in Swiss albino mice infected with the <i>Plasmodium berghei</i> NK65 strain.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong><i>In vivo,</i> the antiplasmodial activity of the plant ethanolic extract was tested in a four-day suppressive and curative assay using <i>P. berghei</i> in Swiss albino mice. The extract was administered to the mice at doses of 125, 250, and 500 mg/kg per day. Then, parameters, such as parasite suppression and survival time of the mice, were evaluated. Furthermore, the effect of plant extract on liver damage, oxidative stress indicators, and lipid profile changes in <i>P. berghei</i>-infected mice were studied.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Administration of <i>T. macroptera</i> significantly suppressed <i>P. berghei</i> infection by 55.17%, 70.69%, and 71.10% at doses of 125, 250, and 500 mg/kg, respectively, whereas chloroquine had 84.64% suppression relative to the untreated group 1% Dimethyl sulfoxide (1% DMSO) at day 4 (post-infection) in the four-day suppressive test. This suppression activity rate was dose-dependent. The curative test also presented a significant reduction in parasitemia and an extension of the survival time of the treated groups. Treatment of infected parasitized mice with the extract of <i>T. macroptera</i> had a significant (<i>p</i> < 0.05) reduction in parameters, such as total protein, aspartate aminotransferase, and alanine aminotransferase. Infection may also lead to a significant increase in the enzymatic activity of liver catalase and superoxide dismutase compared with the normal control group. The non-enzymatic antioxidant activity in parasitized mice was significantly reduced in malondialdehyde and increased in glutathione and nitric oxide when compared with the normal control group.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>These findings support the ethnobotanical use of <i>T. macroptera</i> stem bark as an antimalarial remedy coupled with antioxidant activity. However, further <i>in vivo</i> toxicity tests are required to ascertain its safety.</p>","PeriodicalId":16662,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Parasitology Research","volume":"2023 ","pages":"3350293"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10332924/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9815510","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Predictors of Intestinal Parasites among Food Handlers in Goba Town, Southeast Ethiopia, 2020","authors":"A. Lette, G. Negash, Musa Kumbi, Abduljewad Hussen, Jeylan Kassim, Demsu Zenbaba, Habtamu Gezahgn, Mitiku Bonsa, R. Aman, A. Abdulkadir","doi":"10.1155/2022/3329237","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/3329237","url":null,"abstract":"Background Globally, around 1.9 million people were dying due to food-borne diseases annually, and intestinal parasites infected one-third of the population, according to estimates and more prevalent in developing countries due to poverty. This study assessed predictors of intestinal parasites among food handlers working in Goba towns. Methods A laboratory-based cross-sectional study was conducted from October to December 2020. Clean, dry, and leak-proof stool cups were used to collect the samples. The SPSS version 20 computer software was used to enter and clean the data, code it, and analyze it. The researchers performed binary and multivariable logistic regression analyses, with a p value of 0.05 considered significant. Result A total of 98 (34%) of the 288 food workers tested positive for various intestinal parasites. Giardia lamblia was the most common parasite, with 42 (14.6%), followed by Entamoeba histolytica/dispar with 31 (10.8%), Ascaris lumbricoides with 8 (2.8%), Taenia species with 5 (1.7%), and E. vermicularis with 4 (1.4%). Six (2%) of the 98 positive food handlers had two infections. E. histolytica and G. lamblia were the most common parasites found in mixed infections. Hand washing with soap and water before handling food (AOR: 3.06, 95% CI: 1.16, 7.26) and untrimmed fingernail status (AOR: 2.3, 95% CI: 1.14, 4.34) were found to be strongly linked to intestinal parasite infection. Conclusion In this investigation, intestinal parasite species were found in 34% of stool samples. Independent predictors of intestinal parasite infection were fingernail status and hand washing with water and soap use before food handling. To control intestinal parasite infection among food handlers in the research area, personal hygiene and ambient cleanliness should be improved.","PeriodicalId":16662,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Parasitology Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2022-06-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44631603","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence of Helminthic Infections in the Gastrointestinal Tract of Cattle in Mazandaran Province (Northern Iran)","authors":"Nasrollah Vahedi Nouri, Reza Rahmatian, A. Salehi","doi":"10.1155/2022/7424647","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/7424647","url":null,"abstract":"Ruminant parasites are found in all parts of the world, including the tropical and subtropical regions. Mazandaran province (northern Iran) is one of the areas prone to the activity of gastrointestinal parasites in ruminants. This study was performed in 2020, in order to identify common parasites of cattle gastrointestinal tract, the percentage of the infection, the effect of seasons, and livestock on the amount of infection and determine the severity of infection. In this study, seven genera of gastrointestinal parasites including Strongyloides, Haemonchus, Ostertagia, Cooperia, Trichostrongylus, Oesophagostomum, and Chabertia were identified among 240 cattle. Overall, 34.58% of cows were infected with different kinds of parasites. Based on the average percentage of livestock infected with gastrointestinal parasites across different seasons, winter had the lowest percentage (18.33%) compared to other seasons, which has a statistically significant difference (P < 0.05). Also, we observe that the female cattle's infection rate, in comparison with males, had no significant difference (P < 0.05). Moreover, 67.17% of the cattle had a moderate level of infection. Despite the fact that farmers use antiparasitic drugs, helminthic infections in cattle are still high. In conclusion, the lack of proper implementation of helminthic infection control programs as well as antiparasitic drug resistance in this area can be a key element for the high prevalence of livestock helminthic infection in these areas.","PeriodicalId":16662,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Parasitology Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2022-06-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48952403","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Spatial Distribution of Tsetse Flies and Trypanosome Infection Status in a Vector Genetic Transition Zone in Northern Uganda","authors":"Robert Opiro, Okello Allele Moses, Robert Opoke, Francis A. Oloya, Esther Nakafu, Teresa Iwiru, R. Echodu, G. Malinga, Joel L. Bargul, E. Opiyo","doi":"10.1155/2022/9142551","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/9142551","url":null,"abstract":"Background Tsetse flies are vectors of the genus Trypanosoma that cause African trypanosomiasis, a serious parasitic disease of people and animals. Reliable data on the vector distribution and the trypanosome species they carry is pertinent for planning sustainable control strategies. This study was carried out to estimate the spatial distribution, apparent density, and trypanosome infection rates of tsetse flies in two districts that fall within a vector genetic transition zone in northern Uganda. Materials and Methods Capturing of tsetse flies was done using biconical traps deployed in eight villages in Oyam and Otuke, two districts that fall within the vector genetic transition zone in northern Uganda. Trapped tsetse flies were sexed and morphologically identified to species level and subsequently analyzed for detection of trypanosome DNA. Trypanosome DNA was detected using a nested PCR protocol based on primers amplifying the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region of ribosomal DNA. Results A total of 717 flies (406 females; 311 males) were caught, all belonging to the Glossina fuscipes fuscipes species. The overall average flies/trap/day (FTD) was 2.20 ± 0.3527 (mean ± SE). Out of the 477 (201 male; 276 females) flies analyzed, 7.13% (34/477) were positive for one or more trypanosome species. Three species of bovine trypanosomes were detected, namely, Trypanosoma vivax, 61.76% (21/34), T. congolense, 26.47% (9/34), and T. brucei brucei, 5.88% (2/34), and two cases of mixed infection of T. congolense and T. brucei brucei, 5.88% (2/34). The infection rate was not significantly associated with the sex of the fly (generalized linear model (GLM), χ2 = 0.051, p = 0.821, df = 1, n = 477) and district of origin (χ2 = 0.611, p = 0.434, df = 1, n = 477). However, trypanosome infection was highly significantly associated with the fly's age based on wing fray category (χ2 = 7.56, p = 0.006, df = 1, n = 477), being higher among the very old than the young. Conclusion The relatively high tsetse density and trypanosome infection rate indicate that the transition zone is a high-risk area for perpetuating animal trypanosomiasis. Therefore, appropriate mitigation measures should be instituted targeting tsetse and other biting flies that may play a role as disease vectors, given the predominance of T. vivax in the tsetse samples.","PeriodicalId":16662,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Parasitology Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2022-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49418652","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Study on Gastrointestinal Nematodes of Equines in and around Bekoji, South Eastern Ethiopia","authors":"M. Mathewos, D. Teshome, Haben Fesseha","doi":"10.1155/2022/8210160","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/8210160","url":null,"abstract":"Parasitic infections can cause a variety of respiratory, intestinal, and other problems in horses, as well as contribute to some performance issues. A cross-sectional study was undertaken in and around Bekoji, South Eastern Ethiopia, from November 2020 to June 2021 to identify species and evaluate the prevalence of gastrointestinal parasites in donkeys and horses, using direct fecal smear, floatation methods, and larval cultures. In this study, the overall prevalence of gastrointestinal nematode parasites was 94.5% (363 out of 384), with donkeys accounting for 95.8% and horses accounting for 90.5%. The coprological study indicated that an overall prevalence of gastrointestinal nematode parasites was 87%, 8.3%, 2.5%, 1.4%, and 0.8% for mixed parasite infection, nonmigratory strongylids, migratory strongylids, Parascaris equorum, and Oxyuris equi, respectively. Among mixed infections, nonmigratory strongylids+migratory strongylids (51.5%) occurred most frequently. The odds of male horses being infected by GIT nematodes were 1.59 times higher than male donkeys. Horses which have poor body condition were 2.94 times more infected than donkeys. The odds of old-aged donkeys were 3.11 times more infected than horses. A statistically significant difference (p < 0.05) was observed in the prevalence of gastrointestinal nematodes with species and body conditions of the animals. However, no statistically significant difference (p > 0.05) was seen in the prevalence of gastrointestinal nematode parasites between the sex and age of the Equidae. The mean fecal egg count of nematodes revealed that horses (1364.4 ± 483.5) had a more severe infection than donkeys with a statistically significant difference (p < 0.05). The current study determined there was a high prevalence of gastrointestinal nematode parasites in Equidae. Regular deworming, improved housing and nutrition management systems, increased animal owner awareness, and prevention techniques should all be undertaken to minimize the disease's economic burden in the area.","PeriodicalId":16662,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Parasitology Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2022-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46815024","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}