Journal of Parasitology Research最新文献

{"title":"Spatial Distribution of Tsetse Flies and Trypanosome Infection Status in a Vector Genetic Transition Zone in Northern Uganda","authors":"Robert Opiro, Okello Allele Moses, Robert Opoke, Francis A. Oloya, Esther Nakafu, Teresa Iwiru, R. Echodu, G. Malinga, Joel L. Bargul, E. Opiyo","doi":"10.1155/2022/9142551","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/9142551","url":null,"abstract":"Background Tsetse flies are vectors of the genus Trypanosoma that cause African trypanosomiasis, a serious parasitic disease of people and animals. Reliable data on the vector distribution and the trypanosome species they carry is pertinent for planning sustainable control strategies. This study was carried out to estimate the spatial distribution, apparent density, and trypanosome infection rates of tsetse flies in two districts that fall within a vector genetic transition zone in northern Uganda. Materials and Methods Capturing of tsetse flies was done using biconical traps deployed in eight villages in Oyam and Otuke, two districts that fall within the vector genetic transition zone in northern Uganda. Trapped tsetse flies were sexed and morphologically identified to species level and subsequently analyzed for detection of trypanosome DNA. Trypanosome DNA was detected using a nested PCR protocol based on primers amplifying the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region of ribosomal DNA. Results A total of 717 flies (406 females; 311 males) were caught, all belonging to the Glossina fuscipes fuscipes species. The overall average flies/trap/day (FTD) was 2.20 ± 0.3527 (mean ± SE). Out of the 477 (201 male; 276 females) flies analyzed, 7.13% (34/477) were positive for one or more trypanosome species. Three species of bovine trypanosomes were detected, namely, Trypanosoma vivax, 61.76% (21/34), T. congolense, 26.47% (9/34), and T. brucei brucei, 5.88% (2/34), and two cases of mixed infection of T. congolense and T. brucei brucei, 5.88% (2/34). The infection rate was not significantly associated with the sex of the fly (generalized linear model (GLM), χ2 = 0.051, p = 0.821, df = 1, n = 477) and district of origin (χ2 = 0.611, p = 0.434, df = 1, n = 477). However, trypanosome infection was highly significantly associated with the fly's age based on wing fray category (χ2 = 7.56, p = 0.006, df = 1, n = 477), being higher among the very old than the young. Conclusion The relatively high tsetse density and trypanosome infection rate indicate that the transition zone is a high-risk area for perpetuating animal trypanosomiasis. Therefore, appropriate mitigation measures should be instituted targeting tsetse and other biting flies that may play a role as disease vectors, given the predominance of T. vivax in the tsetse samples.","PeriodicalId":16662,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Parasitology Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2022-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49418652","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Study on Gastrointestinal Nematodes of Equines in and around Bekoji, South Eastern Ethiopia","authors":"M. Mathewos, D. Teshome, Haben Fesseha","doi":"10.1155/2022/8210160","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/8210160","url":null,"abstract":"Parasitic infections can cause a variety of respiratory, intestinal, and other problems in horses, as well as contribute to some performance issues. A cross-sectional study was undertaken in and around Bekoji, South Eastern Ethiopia, from November 2020 to June 2021 to identify species and evaluate the prevalence of gastrointestinal parasites in donkeys and horses, using direct fecal smear, floatation methods, and larval cultures. In this study, the overall prevalence of gastrointestinal nematode parasites was 94.5% (363 out of 384), with donkeys accounting for 95.8% and horses accounting for 90.5%. The coprological study indicated that an overall prevalence of gastrointestinal nematode parasites was 87%, 8.3%, 2.5%, 1.4%, and 0.8% for mixed parasite infection, nonmigratory strongylids, migratory strongylids, Parascaris equorum, and Oxyuris equi, respectively. Among mixed infections, nonmigratory strongylids+migratory strongylids (51.5%) occurred most frequently. The odds of male horses being infected by GIT nematodes were 1.59 times higher than male donkeys. Horses which have poor body condition were 2.94 times more infected than donkeys. The odds of old-aged donkeys were 3.11 times more infected than horses. A statistically significant difference (p < 0.05) was observed in the prevalence of gastrointestinal nematodes with species and body conditions of the animals. However, no statistically significant difference (p > 0.05) was seen in the prevalence of gastrointestinal nematode parasites between the sex and age of the Equidae. The mean fecal egg count of nematodes revealed that horses (1364.4 ± 483.5) had a more severe infection than donkeys with a statistically significant difference (p < 0.05). The current study determined there was a high prevalence of gastrointestinal nematode parasites in Equidae. Regular deworming, improved housing and nutrition management systems, increased animal owner awareness, and prevention techniques should all be undertaken to minimize the disease's economic burden in the area.","PeriodicalId":16662,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Parasitology Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2022-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46815024","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Retrospective Analysis of Malaria Trends in Maksegnit Health Center over the Last Seven Years, Northwest Ethiopia: 2014-2020","authors":"Tegegne Eshetu, Bedruzeman Muhamed, Merima Awol, Zebie Kassa, Mehabaw Getu, A. Derso, Aberham Abere, A. Zeleke","doi":"10.1155/2022/5170550","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/5170550","url":null,"abstract":"Background In Ethiopia, despite various public health intervention approaches have been implemented to eliminate malaria, its public health problem remains considerable. There are such numerous studies; however, investigating the trend of malaria infection in various settings is paramount for area-specific evidence-based interventions, evaluating ongoing malaria control programs. Hence, since the trend of malaria infection in Maksegnit has not yet been documented, this study is aimed at assessing the seven-year trend of malaria in Maksegnit Health Center. Methods An institutional-based retrospective study was conducted to assess the trend of malaria prevalence over the last seven years (2014-2020) using recorded blood smear reports in the laboratory logbook in Maksegnit Health Center, Northwest Ethiopia. Result Over the last seven years, a total of 28217 clinically malaria-suspected individuals were requested for blood film examination at Maksegnit Health Center. Of whom, microscopically confirmed malaria case was found in 4641/28217 (16.4%). A significant seasonal and interannual variation of malaria cases was observed (P < 0.001). The highest prevalence was observed in years 2014 (25.5%) and 2020 (25.1%), while the minimum annual prevalence was seen in 2017/18 (6.4%). The month of October (25.5%) had the highest number of malaria cases documented, while February had the least (4.7%). Males and individuals under the age group of 15-45 were the most affected segments of the population. A significant interannual fluctuating prevalence of malaria cases was recorded ranging from 25.5% to 6.4% (P < 0.001). Conclusion Malaria is still a public health threat in the study area despite significant fluctuating patterns of malaria was observed in the last seven years. In particular, a bounced back trend of malaria from 2018 to 2020 is alarming. Thus, the implementation of ongoing intervention approaches should be reconsidered, and uninterrupted efforts of the concerned bodies are still needed.","PeriodicalId":16662,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Parasitology Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2022-05-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45592319","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Seroprevalence and Risk Factors Associated with Toxoplasma gondii Infection in the Population Referred to Rural and Urban Health Care Centers in Zahedan, Primary Referral Level, in Southeastern Iran","authors":"S. A. Khabisi, Seideh Zeinab Almasi, Siavash Liravi Zadeh","doi":"10.1155/2022/7311905","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/7311905","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction Toxoplasmosis is one of the protozoan diseases caused by Toxoplasma gondii. This study is aimed at evaluating the seroprevalence and associated risk factors of Toxoplasma gondii infection in the population referred to rural and urban health care centers in Zahedan, southeast Iran. Methods A total of 1,324 blood samples of patients referred to the health care centers were evaluated using the IgG Toxoplasma ELISA Kit, between October 2019 and August 2021. The obtained data were analyzed through univariable and multivariable regression models. Results The seropositivity of Toxoplasma gondii infection was obtained at 18.8%. In the multivariable logistic regression model, risk factors including age group of 11-30 (OR = 3.25, 95% CI: 1.29-7.06), urban residency (OR = 4.36, 95% CI: 2.9-6.3), students (OR = 3.76, 95% CI: 1.88-4.53), and contact with cat (OR = 7.67, 95% CI: 4.76-12.36) were significantly associated with seropositivity to Toxoplasma gondii infection. Moreover, consumption of washed vegetables with salt or detergents decreases (OR = 0.14, 95% CI: 0.09-0.23) the risk of Toxoplasma gondii infection. According to the results of the multivariable logistic regression, no significant association was observed between seropositivity to Toxoplasma gondii and other risk factors. Conclusion The results of this study indicated significant seropositivity to Toxoplasma gondii infection in the population referred to rural and urban health care centers in Zahedan, Iran. Therefore, health programs should be considered for raising awareness regarding the risk factors for Toxoplasma gondii infection in this region.","PeriodicalId":16662,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Parasitology Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2022-05-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49496071","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence, Intensity, and Risk Factors for Helminth Infections in Pigs in Menoua, Western Highlands of Cameroon, with Some Data on Protozoa","authors":"M. Kouam, Fabrice D. Ngueguim","doi":"10.1155/2022/9151294","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/9151294","url":null,"abstract":"Helminthes affect satisfactory pig farming by causing poor growth rate and infertility. The objective of this study was to investigate the occurrence of helminthes in pig production, as well as factors influencing their prevalence in Menoua, Western Highlands of Cameroon. Thus, 597 fecal samples from 100 farms of three production types (farrower, grower, and farrow-to-finish) were collected together with data on farmer and management characteristics. Samples were qualitatively and quantitatively analyzed. Eggs of eight helminthes were identified: Hyostrongylus rubidus (81.10%, 50-550 epg), Strongyloides ransomi (34.5%, 50-150 epg), Trichostrongylus sp. (28.1%, 50-650 epg), Ascaris suum (11.6%, 50-200 epg), Metastrongylus sp. (10.4%, 50-250 epg), Oesophagostomum dentatum (5.7%, 50-150 epg), Trichuris suis (4.0%, 50-150 epg), and Macracanthorhynchus hirudinaceus (0.2%, 50-50 epg). The overall prevalence was 89.3% (533 out of 597). Single infestations were 30.2%, while mixed infestations were 59.1%. A. suum, S. ransomi, and strongyles (H. rubidus, Trichostrongylus sp., Metastrongylus sp., and O. dentatum) were found in almost all age groups but the prevalence of A. suum increased with the growing age to drop in older animals. H. rubidus was found in all farm types followed by S. ransomi in farrower and farrow-to-finish farms. The other parasites were present only in farrow-to-finish farms. Coccidia parasites were also found including Isospora suis (26.30%, 50-12500 oocysts per gram of feces (opg)) and Eimeria spp. (1.40%, 100-100 opg). The risk of infestation for some parasites was lower with increasing herd size, high education level of farmers, and in wooden piggeries and semipermanent structures. The infestation risk was higher for all the investigated parasites for pigs escaping the pens. The overall significance of these parasites on growth and reproduction of the naturally infested pigs deserve assessment. Necropsy studies to confirm the worm burden are needed. Risk factors were identified, thus paving the way to design successful helminth control in pig production enterprises.","PeriodicalId":16662,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Parasitology Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2022-05-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47091547","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence of Intestinal Parasite Infections and Associated Factors among Pregnant Women in Northwest Ethiopia","authors":"Yibeltal Aschale, Awoke Minwuyelet, T. Akalu, A. Talie","doi":"10.1155/2022/9065425","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/9065425","url":null,"abstract":"Background Intestinal parasite infections are among the most common infections worldwide. They pose a high burden in pregnant women in developing countries causing maternal anemia, low birth weight, and prenatal mortality. This study is aimed at assessing intestinal parasite infection prevalence, species diversity, and associated factors among pregnant women. Methods A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted among pregnant women in Debre Elias district from March 2021 to July 2021. Three hundred sixty-three study participants meeting the inclusion criteria were enrolled for the study, and all submitted the required amount and quality of stool specimen. Immediately after collection, macroscopic (gross) and microscopic (saline wet mount) examination of stool sample was performed to detect and identify intestinal parasites. The generated data were checked for completeness, coded, entered, and analyzed using SPSS version 20.0 (SPSS Inc., Chicago, 2011) software. Binary logistic regression was applied to show significant association between dependent and independent variables. Statistically significant association was declared at a P value of < 0.05. Result Of the study participants screened for intestinal parasite, 43.5% (158/363) were infected with at least one intestinal parasite. From the total positives, 40.5% (147/363) were mono and 3.0% (11/363) were double infections. Five intestinal parasite species were recorded, of which hookworm was the predominant, (65.2%, 103/158) followed by E. histolytica/dispar (12.7%, 20/158) and G. lamblia (11.4%, 18/158). Ascaris lumbricoides and Taenia species comprised the least percentage (1.9%, 3/158 each). Source of drinking water and occupation were identified as significant factors associated with intestinal parasite infection. Farmer pregnant women were 6.41 times (AOR = 6.41, 95% CI: 1.05-39.16; P = 0.034) more likely to be infected by intestinal parasites than their counterparts. Pregnant women who drank tape water were 0.52 times less (AOR = 0.52, 95% CI: 0.30-0.88; P = 0.017) likely to be infected by intestinal parasites. Conclusion Intestinal parasite infections remained a serious health burden to pregnant women in the study area with the dominance of a hematophagous worm (hookworm). Community-based intestinal parasite screening and treatment are essential to alleviate the burden caused by intestinal parasite infections.","PeriodicalId":16662,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Parasitology Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2022-05-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44263089","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence and Associated Risk Factors of Intestinal Parasites among Diarrheic Under-Five Children Attending Bahir Dar and Han Health Centers, Northwest Ethiopia: A Cross-Sectional Study","authors":"J. Mohammed, Alemtsehay Shiferaw, Abaynesh Zeleke, Yemsrach Eshetu, Zenash Gebeyehu, Animen Ayehu, Yesuf Adem","doi":"10.1155/2022/7066529","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/7066529","url":null,"abstract":"Background Intestinal parasitic infection is one of the major public health problems in developing countries including Ethiopia. The problem is highly pronounced in children under five years of age who are not able to adhere to prevention and control precautions. Objective To assess the prevalence of intestinal parasitic infections (IPIs) and associated factors among diarrheic children under five years of age attending Bahir Dar and Han Health Centers, Bahir Dar, Northwest Ethiopia. Methods An institution-based cross-sectional study was conducted among diarrheic children less than five years of age at Bahir Dar and Han Health Centers, Northwest Ethiopia, 2020. A total of 221 diarrheic children less than five years of age were recruited using the convenience sampling technique. Data were collected using a pretested structured Amharic version questionnaire after obtaining informed consent from children's parents or guardians. Approximately 1 mL of fresh fecal specimen was collected and subjected to direct saline wet mount microscopy. All data were entered into Epi Info version 7 and transferred to SPSS statistical software version 20 for analysis. Logistic regression was employed to assess risk factors associated with increased prevalence of intestinal parasitic infection in diarrheic children under five years of age, and a P value < 0.05 was taken as statistically significant. Results The overall prevalence of intestinal parasites was 19% (95%CI = 14–24.6). The most prevalent intestinal parasites were Entamoeba histolytica/Entamoeba dispar (24 (10.86%)), Giardia lamblia (12 (5.43%)), and Ascaris lumbricoides (2 (0.9%)). Children's mother/guardian washed their hands sometimes after the toilet (AOR = 2.98, 95% CI: 1.09-8.18), children who always eat unwashed fruits and vegetables (AOR = 4.63, 95% CI: 1.09–19.75), and children's mother/guardian who had no knowledge about the mode of transmission (AOR = 4.03, 95% CI: 1.04–15.64) were risk factors significantly associated with increased intestinal parasitic infections. Conclusion The prevalence of intestinal parasitic infections was found low compared to the population prevalence reported by WHO. However, strengthening health education about food and personal hygiene of both children and their mothers/guardians is crucial to limit the transmission of IPIs.","PeriodicalId":16662,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Parasitology Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2022-05-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47863847","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence and Associated Risk Factors of Endoparasites among Under-Five Children in Debre Tabor Comprehensive Specialized Hospital, Debre Tabor, Northwest Ethiopia: A Cross-Sectional Study","authors":"Atalel Eyasu, Mulugeta Molla, Belayneh Kefale, Woretaw Sisay, Yared Andargie, Fassikaw Kebede, Tadeg Jemere","doi":"10.1155/2022/6917355","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/6917355","url":null,"abstract":"Many endoparasites are still considered neglected tropical illnesses. The term “endoparasites” refers to infections caused by both helminths and protozoa. In many places in Ethiopia, particularly Debre Tabor, epidemiological data on the prevalence and associated variables of endoparasites among under-five children is unavailable. Thus, the aim of this study was to gather baseline data on the prevalence of endoparasites and their associated variables among under-five children who visited the Debre Tabor comprehensive specialized hospital in Northwest Ethiopia. A hospital-based quantitative cross-sectional study was used. The study was carried out from May 1 to November 30, 2021. Study participants were selected by a systematic sampling technique. The stool specimen was examined for the presence of different stages of intestinal parasites (adult, trophozoite, larvae, cysts, and ova) using direct wet mount, modified formal-ether sedimentation, and modified Ziehl–Neelsen methods. The IBM SPSS statistical package (version 23) was used to enter and analyze the collected data. The data was summarized using frequency tables and a bar chart. The adjusted odds ratio and p value <0.05 were used to declare the final association. In the present study, a total of 258 under-five children and their mothers/guardians were involved in the study, with a response rate of 100%. More than half of the respondents, 137 (53.10%), were females, and 159 (61.63%) were in the age group of 24 to 59 months. The overall prevalence of one or more endoparasites among under-five children was 45 (17.44%). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that health supervision, child food freshness, regular trimming of fingernails, and children's playground cleanliness were significantly associated with childhood endoparasites. The present study demonstrated a higher prevalence of endoparasites among under-five children. Health supervision, child food freshness, regular trimming of fingernails, and children's playground cleanliness were significantly associated with endoparasites. Thus, strengthening health education about food, personal, and environmental hygiene for both children and their mothers/guardians is crucial.","PeriodicalId":16662,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Parasitology Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2022-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44046004","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Toxoplasma Reduces Complications of Parkinson's Disease: An Experimental Study in BALB/c Mice","authors":"M. Nohtani, Q. Asgari, F. Mikaeili, V. Ostovan, Mehdi Mirzaeipour, M. Bahreini, S. Rashidi","doi":"10.1155/2022/5716765","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/5716765","url":null,"abstract":"Background Parkinson's disease (PD) has been described in dopamine brain level reductions. Conversely, several studies have shown that Toxoplasma parasite can increase the level of dopamine in an infected host. This study was conducted to assess the serum, cerebral dopamine levels, and downregulation of Parkinson's disease manifestations in mice with chronic toxoplasmosis. Methods PD induction was done by oral inoculation of rotenone into BALB/c mice. To induce the chronic infection, cysts of T. gondii Prugniaud strain (genotype II) were injected intraperitoneally into the mice. The rotarod test was used for the evaluation of functional motor disorders in experimental mice. The serum and cerebral dopamine levels of the mice were also measured by using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) on consecutive periods (10 days). Results Findings of the rotarod test showed the highest and lowest average of running duration belonged to the uninfected mice and PD mice, respectively. Remarkably, the running duration of infected mice with PD was higher than PD mice. As well, the level of serum and cerebral dopamine increased in mice with PD and toxoplasmosis in comparison with PD mice. Conclusion Increasing the serum and cerebral dopamine levels in mice infected with toxoplasmosis is related to the presence of the parasite. Moreover, the dopamine upregulation due to the infection is effective in the reduction of PD complications.","PeriodicalId":16662,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Parasitology Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2022-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46583072","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence of S. mansoni Infection and Associated Risk Factors among School Children in Guangua District, Northwest Ethiopia","authors":"Belaynesh Tazebew, D. Temesgen, M. Alehegn, Desalew Salew, Molalign Tarekegn","doi":"10.1155/2022/1005637","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/1005637","url":null,"abstract":"Methods A cross-sectional study design was employed. Four hundred twenty-two participants were selected. Data was collected through observation and interview with structured questionnaire. Stool specimens were collected and examined using two-slide Kato-Katz method. The data were analyzed using SPSS version 23. Logistic regression was fitted for analysis. Variables with p value <0.25 in the univariate logistic regression analysis were entered into the multivariable logistic regression model. Those with <0.05 were identified as significantly associated risk factors. To assure the quality of the data, training was given for data collectors and supervisors, and the tools were pretested on 5% of the sample size. Results 404 (95.7%) school children were enrolled in the study. The overall prevalence of S. mansoni was 12.6%. School children in the age group 5-9 years old (AOR (95% CI): 22.27 (3.70-134.01), p = 0.001), age group 10-14 years old (AOR (95% CI): 4.58 (1.14-18.42), p = 0.032), grade levels 5-8 (AOR (95% CL): 14.95 (4.297-52.03), p = 0.001),who swim frequently (AOR (95% CI): 11.35 (2.33-55.33), p = 0.003), and those who cultivate near the irrigation area (AOR (95% CI): 7.10 (2.31-21.80), p = 0.001) were significantly associated with high risk of S. mansoni infection. Conclusion and Recommendation. From the finding of the current study, it can be concluded that the prevalence of Schistosoma mansoni in the study area is relatively high. Age of fourteen and younger years old, swimming in the river, and irrigation practice were the main risk factors of S. mansoni infection. Thus, therapeutic interventions as well as health education are desirable.","PeriodicalId":16662,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Parasitology Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2022-04-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48165538","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}