Journal of Parasitology Research最新文献

{"title":"Prevalence and Determinant Factors of Intestinal Parasitic Infections and Undernutrition among Primary School Children in North-Central Ethiopia: A School-Based Cross-Sectional Study.","authors":"Habtye Bisetegn,&nbsp;Habtu Debash,&nbsp;Hussen Ebrahim,&nbsp;Yonas Erkihun,&nbsp;Mihret Tilahun,&nbsp;Daniel Getacher Feleke","doi":"10.1155/2023/2256910","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2023/2256910","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Intestinal parasitic infections (IPIs) are a major public health problem with high morbidity and mortality in developing countries. Undernutrition is a major health problem among school children and affects their cognitive development, psychological development, motor skills, and academic achievements. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the prevalence and determinant factors of IPIs and undernutrition among primary school children.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>Cross-sectional study was conducted among 450 children from February to March 2021 at selected primary schools in Dessie town, North-central Ethiopia. Participants were selected using a stratified sampling technique. Pretested questionnaires were used to collect sociodemographic and nutrition-related data. Stool samples were used to diagnose IPIs. Participants' height and weight were measured and body mass index (BMI) was calculated. Nutritional assessment was done using WHO AnthroPlus software. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 26 software. <i>P</i>-values <0.05 were considered statistically significant.</p><p><strong>Result: </strong>The overall prevalence of intestinal parasites was 28.9%. The prevalence of intestinal protozoa and helminths were 19.1% and 9.8%, respectively. <i>Entamoeba histolytica/dispar</i> was the most prevalent parasite (9.3%) followed by <i>Giardia intestinalis</i> (7.6%), <i>Enterobius vermicularis</i> (2.9%), and <i>Ascaris lumbricoides</i> (2.7%). The prevalence of intestinal parasites was higher in male (16.5%) than in female (12.4%) participants. Children whose mother's level of education is illiterate, 6-11 years old, have a habit of eating raw/undercooked fruits and vegetables, untrimmed and dirty fingernails, and sickness in the past week were significantly associated with IPIs. The prevalence of underweight, stunting, and wasting were 22.4%, 26.2%, and 20.7%, respectively. Multivariable logistic regression showed gender, family size, meal frequency, and breakfast were significantly associated with undernutrition. IPIs had a statistically significant association with underweight, stunting, and wasting.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The study showed that IPIs and undernutrition are still major health problems among children in North-central Ethiopia. Periodic deworming, community health, and school health education will be valuable to improve the health, growth, and educational outcome of children.</p>","PeriodicalId":16662,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Parasitology Research","volume":"2023 ","pages":"2256910"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10033212/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9560094","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Antimalarial and Antioxidant Activities of Ethanolic Stem Bark Extract of <i>Terminalia macroptera</i> in Swiss Albino Mice Infected with <i>Plasmodium berghei</i>.","authors":"Ngouyamsa Nsapkain Aboubakar Sidiki,&nbsp;Noumedem Anangmo Christelle Nadia,&nbsp;Yamssi Cedric,&nbsp;Gamago Nkadeu Guy-Armand,&nbsp;Tientcheu Noutong Jemimah Sandra,&nbsp;Tako Djimefo Alex Kevin,&nbsp;Mounvera Abdel Azizi,&nbsp;Vincent Khan Payne","doi":"10.1155/2023/3350293","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2023/3350293","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Reduction of oxidative stress during malaria infection is considered as being of great benefit so long as treatment and drug development approaches are concerned. This study had the aim of evaluating the antimalarial and antioxidant activities of the ethanolic extract of <i>Terminalia macroptera</i> in Swiss albino mice infected with the <i>Plasmodium berghei</i> NK65 strain.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong><i>In vivo,</i> the antiplasmodial activity of the plant ethanolic extract was tested in a four-day suppressive and curative assay using <i>P. berghei</i> in Swiss albino mice. The extract was administered to the mice at doses of 125, 250, and 500 mg/kg per day. Then, parameters, such as parasite suppression and survival time of the mice, were evaluated. Furthermore, the effect of plant extract on liver damage, oxidative stress indicators, and lipid profile changes in <i>P. berghei</i>-infected mice were studied.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Administration of <i>T. macroptera</i> significantly suppressed <i>P. berghei</i> infection by 55.17%, 70.69%, and 71.10% at doses of 125, 250, and 500 mg/kg, respectively, whereas chloroquine had 84.64% suppression relative to the untreated group 1% Dimethyl sulfoxide (1% DMSO) at day 4 (post-infection) in the four-day suppressive test. This suppression activity rate was dose-dependent. The curative test also presented a significant reduction in parasitemia and an extension of the survival time of the treated groups. Treatment of infected parasitized mice with the extract of <i>T. macroptera</i> had a significant (<i>p</i> < 0.05) reduction in parameters, such as total protein, aspartate aminotransferase, and alanine aminotransferase. Infection may also lead to a significant increase in the enzymatic activity of liver catalase and superoxide dismutase compared with the normal control group. The non-enzymatic antioxidant activity in parasitized mice was significantly reduced in malondialdehyde and increased in glutathione and nitric oxide when compared with the normal control group.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>These findings support the ethnobotanical use of <i>T. macroptera</i> stem bark as an antimalarial remedy coupled with antioxidant activity. However, further <i>in vivo</i> toxicity tests are required to ascertain its safety.</p>","PeriodicalId":16662,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Parasitology Research","volume":"2023 ","pages":"3350293"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10332924/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9815510","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence of Cystic Echinococcosis Genotypes in Iranian Animals: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.","authors":"Sahar Khodashenas,&nbsp;Mehran Akbari,&nbsp;Reza Beiranvand,&nbsp;Mojtaba Didehdar,&nbsp;Mohammad Shabani,&nbsp;Parnia Iravani,&nbsp;Behnam Abedi","doi":"10.1155/2022/8197741","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/8197741","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Cystic echinococcosis is considered a public health problem that if left untreated can have dangerous consequences for the person. The disease is caused by <i>Echinococcus granulosus sensu lato</i> larvae. The main risk factors for this parasitic infection are habitat, direct contact with dogs, use of raw vegetables, and use of unwashed vegetables. The most important factors affecting the prevalence of HCD are economic, occupational, agricultural, educational, and factors related to public health and cultural habits of the general public in that geographical area.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>The purpose of this study was to investigate the prevalence of the types of cystic echinococcosis genotypes (E. granulosus sensu stricto (G₁-G₃) and E. Canadensis (G₆ and G₇)) in livestock in Iran.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>This systematic review was conducted, using Medline/PubMed, Scopus, Web of Sciences, and Google Scholar databases, to identify studies of cystic echinococcosis in animals published from 2010 to April 14, 2021. Finally, 28 studies were selected for meta-analysis, which was analyzed using Stata software version 14. The cystic echinococcosis prevalence with 95% confidence intervals of animals was synthesized using the random effect model. Heterogeneity was evaluated and in cases where the <i>I</i> ² index was higher than 75%, subgroup analysis was performed according to the types of animals.</p><p><strong>Result: </strong>The highest prevalence of cystic echinococcosis infection was related to G₁ genotype (<i>P</i> = 0.91 (95% CI = 0.84, 0.97)) and the prevalence was related to G₂ genotype (<i>P</i> = 0.07(95% CI = 0.00, 0.18)). The results of the subgroup analysis showed that in the G₁ genotype the highest prevalence was observed in Goats and Buffaloes with <i>P</i> = 1 (95% CI = 0.96, 1) and <i>P</i> = 1 (95% CI = 0.97, 1), in the G₃ and G₆ genotypes the highest prevalence was observed in camels with <i>P</i> = 0.50 (95% CI = 0.31, 0.69), and <i>P</i> = 0.45 (95% CI = 0.22, 0.69), respectively.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The cystic echinococcosis genotypes vary from region to region or from country to country and also from host to host, and according to the results, it should always be stopped in areas where the prevalence of such genomes suitable for livestock as well as human food sources to prevent infection of livestock and thus human exposure to cystic echinococcosis.</p>","PeriodicalId":16662,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Parasitology Research","volume":" ","pages":"8197741"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2022-10-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9605837/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40656354","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Study of the Use of Antinematode Drugs, Mebendazole and Pyrantel, in Galicia (Spain) from 2016 to 2020.","authors":"S Vázquez-Prieto,&nbsp;A Vaamonde,&nbsp;E Paniagua","doi":"10.1155/2022/7792006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/7792006","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>To the best of our knowledge, there is no study on the use of drugs focused on the consumption of antinematode drugs in any region of the world. In the present study, we analyzed and evaluated the use of mebendazole and pyrantel in the provinces of Galicia (Spain), as well as described the variability of the consumption of both drugs between these provinces from 2016 to 2020. A descriptive, cross-sectional, and retrospective study of the consumption of these drugs, expressed in defined daily dose per 1000 inhabitants per day (DHD), was carried out. The DHD values for both drugs were small, although clearly higher, both on average and in variability, in the case of mebendazole. The difference in the mean DHD between both drugs and the geographical differences observed was statistically significant. The seasonal differences were statistically significant for both active principles, with lower values in summer. The active principle most consumed in all the provinces and years was mebendazole. The main consequence of the excessive use of this drug compared to pyrantel may be the increased risk of the development of resistance and of therapeutic failure, as well as the consequent limitation of pharmacological options in the future.</p>","PeriodicalId":16662,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Parasitology Research","volume":" ","pages":"7792006"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2022-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9489386/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"33477131","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigation on Prevalence of Canine Trypanosomiasis in the Conservation Areas of Bwindi-Mgahinga and Queen Elizabeth in Western Uganda.","authors":"James Robert Ochieng,&nbsp;Marta Planellas Bachs,&nbsp;Anthony Nsubuga,&nbsp;Innocent B Rwego,&nbsp;John Joseph M Kisakye,&nbsp;Laura Muro Riba,&nbsp;Jesus Muro Figueres","doi":"10.1155/2022/2606871","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/2606871","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Nowadays, despite the instauration of several control strategies, animal trypanosomiasis continues to be reported all over Uganda. Few canine African trypanosomiasis (CAT) studies have been carried out, yet dogs are known <i>Trypanosoma</i> reservoirs that share identical home ranges with livestock and serve as parasite link between livestock and humans. This study evaluates the prevalence of CAT in dogs in the Bwindi-Mgahinga and Queen Elizabeth conservation areas. This information will be useful to evaluate the possible role of dogs in the transmission cycle of <i>Trypanosoma</i> species in livestock and wild animals. Trypanosome tests using microhematocrit centrifugation/dark ground microscopy technique (MHCT) followed by conventional polymerase chain reaction (cPCR) were performed in blood samples collected from identified indigenous dogs (<i>n</i> = 124). Four (3.23%) out of 124 dogs were positive for CAT. One dog was positive with <i>Trypanosoma congolense</i> and three with <i>T</i>. <i>vivax</i>. There was no significant statistical difference in CAT prevalence rate in relation to dog's age, sex, and site (<i>P</i> > 0.05). This study reports what we believe is the first time detection of <i>T</i>. <i>congolense</i> and <i>T</i>. <i>vivax</i> in the indigenous dogs found in the Bwindi-Mgahinga and Queen Elizabeth conservation areas in western Uganda. The noticed <i>T</i>. <i>congolense</i> and <i>T</i>. <i>vivax</i> could be responsible for both canine and animal trypanosomiasis and represent a serious threat to the livestock industry. Therefore, there is a need for continuous trypanosomiasis surveillance and integrated management in contiguity to wildlife reserves.</p>","PeriodicalId":16662,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Parasitology Research","volume":" ","pages":"2606871"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2022-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9482531/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40371481","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Current Status of Fasciolosis of Goat in Sylhet, Bangladesh: An Integrated Morphomolecular Study.","authors":"Chamali Akter Shykat,&nbsp;Saiful Islam,&nbsp;Foyez Ahmed,&nbsp;Kazi Mehetazul Islam,&nbsp;Jamal Uddin Bhuiyan,&nbsp;Tilak Chandra Nath","doi":"10.1155/2022/6159388","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/6159388","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Epidemiological information and proper identification of <i>Fasciola</i> species present in Bangladesh are important for control. This study was aimed at determining the prevalence of liver fluke infection of goats in Sylhet, Bangladesh, and identifying those using integrated morphometric and molecular techniques. A total of 260 slaughtered goats (<i>Capra hircus</i>) were examined, and flukes were collected from infected liver using sterilized forceps. Fasciolosis prevalence in goats was 35.38% (92/260) across all age and sex categories. Female goats were found more infected (37.14%, 65/175) than male goats (31.76%, 27/85), while infection rate was found higher in young animals (37.91%, 69/182) compared to adults (29.48% 23/78). Infection rate was observed higher in rainy season (52.96%, 45/85), followed by winter (27.38%, 26/95) and summer (26.25%, 21/80). Collected flukes were examined by light microscopy after being stained with Semichon's acetocarmine, and sequences of mtDNA <i>Cox</i>1 genes were obtained. Ten adult flukes were measured, 38.72 ± 3.37 mm in length and 11.8 ± 1.9 mm in width. Based on morphometric features especially branching of the testis and body length/body width ratios (3.28 ± 0.42), the flukes were primarily identified as <i>Fasciola gigantica</i>. Amplicon sequences were compared by BLAST and the <i>cox</i>1 sequences showed 97.1-99.3% similarity with the reference sequences (<i>F. gigantica</i> and <i>Fasciola</i> sp.) from GenBank. In this study, we found a considerable prevalence of fascioliasis in goats, and <i>F. gigantica</i> was solely identified with variation. To control these parasites and prevent potential public health risks, appropriate control techniques must be developed.</p>","PeriodicalId":16662,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Parasitology Research","volume":" ","pages":"6159388"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2022-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9481395/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40368044","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Disease Biomarkers of Giardiasis.","authors":"Norhamizah Roshidi,&nbsp;Norsyahida Arifin","doi":"10.1155/2022/1932518","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/1932518","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Giardiasis is a common, treatable intestinal disease that adversely affects underprivileged communities living in unsanitary conditions. Giardiasis causes a wide spectrum of gastrointestinal diseases in those infected, ranging from subclinical disease that can manifest as irritable bowel syndrome with persistent abdominal symptoms. Importantly, giardiasis has been identified as a predictor of malnutrition among young children in rural areas and as a cause of waterborne mass epidemics endangering not only humans but also animals in a broad clinical, social, and economic spectrum. While the diagnosis of giardiasis is heavily dependent on the presence of cysts and/or trophozoites detected using microscopy, the intermittent cyst excretion, low infection intensity, and low sensitivity method m4akes fecal examination unrewarding, thus urging the need for an improved diagnostic method for giardiasis. Proteins are key compounds in biosynthesis, cells, tissues, and organ signaling, carrying important information related to biological and pathogenic processes, as well as pharmacological responses to therapeutic intervention, and are therefore important indicators for determining disease onset, progression, and drug treatment effectiveness. In connection with this, proteins could serve as promising biomarkers for antigen-antibody detection, as well as vaccine candidates. This article is aimed at providing a comprehensive overview of proteins, serological, molecular, inflammatory, volatile, and hormonal biomarkers associated with giardiasis and their potential for diagnostics and therapeutics.</p>","PeriodicalId":16662,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Parasitology Research","volume":" ","pages":"1932518"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2022-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9440637/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40353132","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigation of Strongyle Prevalence and Associated Risk Factors in Horses in and around Alage District, Ethiopia.","authors":"Mulugeta Tesfaye Alemayehu,&nbsp;Belete Kuraz Abebe,&nbsp;Sharew Mekonnen Haile","doi":"10.1155/2022/3935008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/3935008","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Horses are used for a variety of purposes in Ethiopia. However, their service is hampered by a variety of health issues. Strongylosis is a parasitic infestation of the gastrointestinal tract that has a significant impact on the working ability, reproductive performance, well-being, and welfare of horses. The existence of Strongylosis in the study area is reported from clinical cases; however, its prevalence has not been well studied.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>The current study was carried out from January 2019 to July 2019, to determine the prevalence and associated risk factors of Strongyle in horses in and around Alage district.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A cross-sectional study design was used, and 384 horses were sampled from three peasant associations inseparably. The floatation technique was used in laboratory analysis.</p><p><strong>Result: </strong>Strongylosis was discovered in 67.19 percent of the cases. In Naka, Dilbato, and Koricho peasant associations, the infestation magnitudes were 64.1%, 68%, and 69.5%, respectively. The increased level of animal-related prevalence was observed in male (68.1 percent), young (84.4 percent), and poor body condition (90 percent) horses. Age and body condition scores were statistically significant associations with the disease under study at <i>p</i> ≤ 0.000. While sex and peasant associations did not predict the problem significantly (<i>p</i> ≤ 0.05), young horses and horses in poor and medium body conditions are 4.66 (CI: 2.22-9.76), 9.63 (CI: 3.77-24.63), and 1.93 (1.03-3.60) times more likely to be infected with Strongylosis, respectively.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The occurrence of Strongylosis is determined independently by age and BCS. Strongyle infestations are common in horses in the study area, posing a significant barrier to horse production and well-being. As a result, appropriate disease prevention and control measures should be implemented.</p>","PeriodicalId":16662,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Parasitology Research","volume":" ","pages":"3935008"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2022-08-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9391126/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40628173","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence, Phytochemical Investigation, and <i>In Vitro</i> Acaricidal Efficacy Evaluation of <i>Dodonaea angustifolia</i>, <i>Eucalyptus globulus</i>, <i>Millettia ferruginea</i>, and <i>Euphorbia abyssinica</i> against Sarcoptic Mange of Camel, Babile District, Ethiopia.","authors":"Sisay Alemu,&nbsp;Yehualashet Bayu,&nbsp;Pawlos Wasihun,&nbsp;Abdallahi Abdurahman","doi":"10.1155/2022/8639370","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/8639370","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The present study was designed to determine the prevalence of sarcoptic mange from camels; evaluate the presence of secondary metabolites in the methanolic leaf extracts of <i>D. angustifolia M. ferruginea</i>, <i>E. abyssinica</i>, and <i>E. globulus</i> essential oil; and also evaluate their <i>in vitro</i> acaricidal efficacy against camel sarcoptic mange in the Babile District, Ethiopia. Each plant was subjected to qualitative phytochemical screening for the presence or absence of secondary metabolites. The <i>in vitro</i> application of each plant extracts was carried out against clinical mange mites with positive and negative controls. Accordingl<i>y</i>, a total of 384 camels were examined for the presence of <i>Sarcoptes scabiei</i> var. <i>cameli.</i> The study revealed that an overall prevalence of 67(15.9%) animals was infested by mange mites. The study showed that a higher prevalence was observed in female camel than in male camel with no statistically significant difference (<i>P</i> > 0.05). However, statistically higher prevalence (<i>P</i> < 0.05) was recorded in young camel (28.2%) than adult (10.95%). The study also revealed that statistically higher prevalence (<i>P</i> < 0.05) was observed in poor body conditioned camel (26.3%) than medium (13.5%) and good body condition camels (5.4%). For the <i>in vitro</i> evaluation of the efficacy of plant extracts, essential oils and crude extracts of four medicinal plant extracts were diluted at different concentrations from 200 mg/mL to 6.25 mg/mL and added to Petri dishes containing the adult stage of <i>Sarcoptes scabiei</i>. The efficacy of each plant was determined by comparing the mortality of mites treated with plant extracts with those of mites in nontreated (2% Tween 80) and treated (diazinon) control plates. After 3 h of contact, all concentrations of <i>E. globulus</i>, <i>D. angustifolia</i>, <i>M. ferruginea</i>, and <i>E. abyssinica</i> showed good <i>in vitro</i> acaricidal efficacy compared to controls nontreated control (<i>P</i> < 0.05). After 3 h of exposure to the methanolic extract of <i>D. angustifolia</i> and the essential oil of <i>E. globulus</i>, comparable acaricidal efficacy in causing mites mortality at concentrations of 200 mg/mL has been recorded when compared to reference drugs. The crude extract of <i>E. abyssinica</i> showed a lower acaricidal efficacy compared to reference drugs. The present plant extracts studied showed comparable acaricidal efficacy to reference drugs at concentrations of 200 mg/mL. Therefore, further epidemiological and in vivo acaricidal studies as well as toxicity of the plants should be conducted in area to use these plants as alternative treatment option to substitute the use of synthetic drugs for which most of mites developed resistance and control impacts <i>Sarcoptes scabiei</i> on camel.</p>","PeriodicalId":16662,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Parasitology Research","volume":" ","pages":"8639370"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2022-08-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9388246/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40628129","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Intestinal Parasitic Infections among Intellectually Disabled Individuals in Bandar Abbas County, Southern Iran.","authors":"Abbas Pakmehr,&nbsp;Mostafa Omidian,&nbsp;Habibollah Turki,&nbsp;Mohammad Fararouei,&nbsp;Bahador Sarkari","doi":"10.1155/2022/8406636","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/8406636","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Intellectually disabled individuals are more prone to parasitic infections due to their unusual behaviors, immune and nutrient deficiencies, and living conditions. The current study is aimed at evaluating the prevalence of intestinal parasites in institutionalized intellectually disabled individuals in Bandar Abbas County in the south of Iran. Subjects of the study were 119 individuals, living in an intellectually disabled individual care center. Demographic features of the subjects including age, sex, intellectual disability type, and duration of their stay in the center were recorded. A stool sample was taken from each subject and evaluated by direct wet mount and formalin-ethyl-acetate concentration methods. Samples were also examined, using trichrome and modified acid-fast permanent staining. The mean age of the subjects was 27.6 (±2.24), ranging from 4 to 60 years old. Of the 119 participants, 55 (46.2%) were male, and 64 cases (53.8%) were female. Overall, 31 individuals (26.1%, 95% CI: 18.4-34.9) were found to be infected with at least one type of intestinal parasite. <i>Blastocystis hominis</i>, as the most common detected parasite, was detected in 13 (10.1%), <i>Entamoeba coli</i> in 12 (10.1%), <i>Giardia lamblia</i> in 5 (4.2%), <i>Cryptosporidium</i> in 2 (1.7%), <i>Iodamoeba butchlii</i> in 2 (1.7%), and <i>Endolimax nana</i> in 1 (0.8%) of participants. Three cases had coinfection with <i>Blastocystis hominis</i> and <i>Entamoeba coli</i>, one case was infected with <i>Blastocystis hominis</i> and <i>Giardia lamblia</i>, and one case was coinfected with <i>Giardia lamblia</i> and <i>Entamoeba coli</i>. There were no statistically significant associations between intestinal parasitic infection and gender, age, type of intellectual disability, or duration of stay in the care center (<i>P</i> > 0.05). The findings of the present study indicate a relatively high prevalence of parasitic infections in people with intellectual disabilities in Bandar Abbas, southern Iran. Noteworthy is the high prevalence of <i>Blastocyst</i> and also the presence of <i>Cryptosporidium</i> infection in these people. Periodic treatment of these people and improvement of their maintenance conditions can be considered for the prevention and control of intestinal parasitic infection in these people.</p>","PeriodicalId":16662,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Parasitology Research","volume":" ","pages":"8406636"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2022-07-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9296325/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40544628","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}