Journal of Parasitology Research最新文献

{"title":"<i>Artemisia</i>, a Promising Tool for Integrated Parasite Control.","authors":"Sharon Elizabeth Cruz-Estupiñan, Rosa Isabel Higuera-Piedrahita, Diana María Bulla-Castañeda, Javier Antonio Ballesteros-Ricaurte, Martin Orlando Pulido-Medellin","doi":"10.1155/japr/9987439","DOIUrl":"10.1155/japr/9987439","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The genus <i>Artemisia</i>, belonging to the family Asteraceae, comprises nearly 500 species with various pharmacological properties, such as antimalarial, antibacterial, antifungal, antioxidant, nematocidal, and cesticidal activities. Gastrointestinal parasites pose a significant health concern in animals, resulting in substantial financial losses due to the ineffectiveness of current prevention and control measures, further compounded by the rise of antiparasitic resistance. Consequently, there has been a surge in research endeavors aimed at identifying sustainable alternatives to address this issue, with a particular focus on herbalism due to its promise in this field. <i>Artemisia</i> has been identified as a source of secondary metabolites with the potential to kill parasites, making it a promising natural alternative to synthetic drugs. The objective of this article is to provide a comprehensive review of the genus <i>Artemisia</i> and its application in the control of gastrointestinal parasites. A comprehensive search was conducted using multiple databases, including Springer, Science Direct, Scopus, Web of Science, Latindex, PubMed, and SciELo, with specific keywords such as \"<i>Artemisia</i>, Artemisin, gastrointestinal parasites, effect, resistance\". After a thorough review of the literature, 15 articles were identified as meeting the selection criteria. These articles encompassed studies on plants from the genus <i>Artemisia</i>, exploring their response to parasites in both free and endogenous life stages. Additionally, the review included studies on molecules derived from plants in the genus <i>Artemisia</i>, their ethnobotanical applications in addressing parasites, and their ethnoveterinary uses. These studies demonstrated that <i>Artemisia</i>, whether in vivo or in vitro, exhibited an impact on various gastrointestinal parasites and yielded positive or negative outcomes in the treatment of different parasite species.</p>","PeriodicalId":16662,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Parasitology Research","volume":"2025 ","pages":"9987439"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12237563/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144591495","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"PubChem BioAssays 1063: A Poorly Exploited Source of New Antileishmanial Compounds.","authors":"Sergio Sifontes-Rodríguez, Susana Meneses-Gómez, Alma Reyna Escalona-Montaño, Daniel Andrés Sánchez-Almaraz, Ofelia Pérez-Olvera, Aranza Regina Cañón Rosas, Pedro Zuriel Cruz Bautista, María Magdalena Aguirre-García","doi":"10.1155/japr/6338486","DOIUrl":"10.1155/japr/6338486","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>PubChem Bioassays (AID 1063) reported the in vitro testing of 196,141 compounds against <i>Leishmania major</i> promastigotes. Although these results have been publicly available since 2008, limited efforts on further testing of some of these compounds has been published. The aim of the present work was selecting a small set of compounds that were highly active in that primary assay and assessing their antileishmanial activity in vitro and in vivo. Selected compounds were 100% active in the primary assay at 10 <i>μ</i>M, were not theoretically toxic, did not have structural features of pan assay interfering substances, had positive druglikeness, and were not cytotoxic, and their activity rate in previous assays reported in PubChem Bioassays was under 5%. Seven commercially available compounds were purchased and tested against <i>L. major</i>, <i>Leishmania mexicana</i>, <i>Leishmania amazonensis</i>, and <i>Leishmania infantum</i> promastigotes; in mouse peritoneal macrophages (cytotoxicity); and against <i>L. mexicana</i> intracellular amastigotes. Eventually, four compounds with appropriate selectivity and high activity against <i>L. mexicana</i> amastigotes were tested by intralesional route (1%, 20 <i>μ</i>L) in a mouse model of cutaneous leishmaniasis. Four compounds were active (IC₅₀ < 10<i> μ</i>M) against the promastigote stage of the four <i>Leishmania</i> species tested. These four compounds were also active (IC₅₀ < 10<i> μ</i>M) in vitro against intracellular amastigotes and in vivo in mice experimentally infected with <i>L. mexicana</i>. Results demonstrated the potential of these compounds as antileishmanials and the high, unexploited potential of AID 1063 as a source of new antileishmanial agents.</p>","PeriodicalId":16662,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Parasitology Research","volume":"2025 ","pages":"6338486"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12227259/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144575623","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Century of Epidemiological Advances in Cutaneous and Visceral Leishmaniasis in Algeria.","authors":"Naouel Eddaikra, Razika Benikhlef, Denis Sereno","doi":"10.1155/japr/2102270","DOIUrl":"10.1155/japr/2102270","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Leishmaniasis is a group of diseases transmitted by sandflies, affecting humans and animals, with three clinical presentations: cutaneous, mucosal, and visceral. The disease is caused by the parasite <i>Leishmania</i> and is a significant global health issue, with approximately two million cases annually and 350 million people at risk. The disease is endemic in 98 countries, including Algeria, which is a hotspot. In Algeria, three species of <i>Leishmania</i> (<i>Leishmania major</i>, <i>Leishmania infantum</i>, and <i>Leishmania tropica</i>) cause cutaneous and visceral leishmaniasis, with the cutaneous one being highly endemic. In Algeria since the 19th century, research on leishmaniasis has been intensive, and the review was aimed at compiling over a century of research to provide updated knowledge on transmission, diagnosis, treatment, and epidemiology in this country.</p>","PeriodicalId":16662,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Parasitology Research","volume":"2025 ","pages":"2102270"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12213045/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144540607","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Epidemiology and Determinants of Opportunistic Intestinal Parasites Among HIV-Positive Patients Attending Care and Treatment Centers in Northcentral Ethiopia.","authors":"Yitbarek Mulie, Sissay Menkir, Abayeneh Girma","doi":"10.1155/japr/3857677","DOIUrl":"10.1155/japr/3857677","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background:</b> Opportunistic intestinal parasites (OIPs) cause significant morbidity and mortality among HIV-positive people due to the decline of CD4+ T-cells. In Ethiopia, the burden of this infection is high due to poor personal and environmental hygiene. The present study is aimed at finding the epidemiology and determinants of OIPs in human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients attending antiretroviral therapy (ART) at Debre Tabor General Hospital. <b>Methods:</b> A hospital-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 384 systematically selected patients attending the Debre Tabor General Hospital ART Clinic from December 2019 to February 2020. For parasitological examinations, wet mount, formol-ether sedimentation, and modified Ziehl-Neelsen staining methods were used. CD4 count was reviewed from medical records. Data were entered and analyzed using SPSS Version 23. Logistic regression was utilized to analyze the relationship between factors linked with OIPIs. Variables with <i>p</i> < 0.05 were considered to be statistically significant. <b>Results:</b> The overall prevalence of OIPs was 17.9%. The most commonly identified parasites were <i>Cryptosporidium</i> species (8.59%), followed by <i>Cystoisospora belli</i> (6.77%) and <i>Cyclospora cayetenensis</i> (2.60%). Residence (AOR = 0.197; 95% CI = 0.053-0.734), CD4+ count (AOR = 49.08; 95% CI = 9.440-228.777), ART adherence (AOR = 7.427; 95% CI = 2.488-22.172), diarrhea (AOR = 7.063; 95% CI = 1.882-26.512), fingernail trimming (AOR = 3.665; 95% CI = 1.040-12.918), hand washing habit after toilet (AOR = 10.409; 95% CI = 1.398-77.497), and drinking water source (AOR = 14.721; 95% CI = 3.349-64.71) were determinants for OIPs. <b>Conclusion:</b> The study indicated that the coinfection rate of OIPs is high among ART patients. It was also found that urban residence, poor ART adherence, individuals with diarrhea, irregular trimming of the fingernail, a lack of hand washing habits after the toilet, drinking unsafe water, and having a CD4+ count < 200 cells/<i>μ</i>L predicted the presence of OIPs.</p>","PeriodicalId":16662,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Parasitology Research","volume":"2025 ","pages":"3857677"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-06-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12187436/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144484776","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Study on the Seroprevalence of Cystic Echinococcosis and Toxocariasis in the Rural Population Referred to Reference Laboratory in Urmia, Northwest Iran.","authors":"Fatemeh Ramzi, Rasool Jafari, Elham Yousefi","doi":"10.1155/japr/8850347","DOIUrl":"10.1155/japr/8850347","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Introduction:</b> Cystic echinococcosis (CE) and toxocariasis are the two important zoonoses worldwide, and both are endemic in Iran, especially in rural areas. The present study was aimed at determining the seroprevalence of human CE and toxocariasis in rural inhabitants of Urmia District, Northwest Iran. <b>Materials and Methods:</b> During 6 months (January to May 2023), 698 sera were obtained from the rural population of Urmia District, Northwest Iran, referred to the reference laboratory in Urmia. Seropositivity for CE and toxocariasis was determined in 698 and 430 individuals using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kits (ELISA), respectively. Data were analyzed with SPSS v.23 software using respective tests. <b>Results:</b> Eight out of 698 (1.1%) and 87 out of 430 (19.9%) of sera were positive for anti-<i>Echinococcus</i> IgG and anti-<i>Toxocara</i> IgG, respectively. The CE seropositivity was 1.3% in females compared to 0.8% in males. Anti-<i>Toxocara</i> seropositivity was significantly lower in females (46, 17.0%; <i>p</i> = 0.036, OR = 0.628) compared to males (41, 24.6%). Furthermore, the seropositivity was significantly higher in patients with a history of consistent dog contact and those who consumed raw vegetables without washing with disinfectants/detergents. A patient was found to be coinfected by both infections, CE and toxocariasis. <b>Conclusion:</b> Based on the results of the present study, both CE and toxocariasis are present in rural areas of Urmia District, which is alarming, because CE is a serious infection even with low prevalence. Toxocariasis, on the other hand, is considerably high in prevalence, showing the high risk of infection with <i>Toxocara</i> spp. in these areas.</p>","PeriodicalId":16662,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Parasitology Research","volume":"2025 ","pages":"8850347"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-06-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12165757/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144302394","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Association Between Malaria Parasite Geometrical Mean and Clinical Spectrum of Severe Disease in a High-Transmission Setting in Eastern Uganda: A Cross-Sectional Study.","authors":"Emma Isaiah Eregu Egiru, Cate Namayanja, George Paasi, William Okiror, Paul Ongodia, Charles Benard Okalebo, Rita Muhindo, Grace Abongo, Faith Oguttu, Ambrose Okibure, Francis Okello, Crispus Tegu, David Mukunya, Martin Chebet, Peter Olupot-Olupot","doi":"10.1155/japr/4801721","DOIUrl":"10.1155/japr/4801721","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background:</b> Malaria burden remains significant, especially in high-transmission settings. While some data show an association between severe malaria and high-malaria parasite geometrical mean (GM), few data describe this phenomenon in malaria high-transmission settings. We described the malaria parasite GM and clinical spectrum of severe malaria in Eastern Uganda to advance understanding of its implications on disease severity and patient outcomes. <b>Methods:</b> We conducted a cross-sectional study in Mbale Regional Referral Hospital (MRRH), Eastern Uganda. Children admitted with severe malaria confirmed by microscopy with ages between 2 months and 12 years were enrolled in the study from September 21, 2021, to September 21, 2022. Data were collected on patient sociodemographics, clinical symptoms and signs, laboratory parameters, treatment details, and outcomes. From the blood samples collected at the bedside, blood films/smears were made. The malaria parasite count was obtained from the patients' smears by counting the malaria parasites against 200 white blood cells (WBCs). The GMs of malaria were obtained after the logarithmic transformation of the parasite counts. Data were analyzed using Stata 15, and significant associations were reported at <i>p</i> values of 0.05 at 95% confidence intervals. <b>Results:</b> A total of 376 children with a mean age of 4.65 years were recruited, of whom 57.71% (217/376) were male. Children under 5 years constituted 61.7% (232/376). The common clinical manifestations were prostration 76.9% (289/376), jaundice 55.6% (209/376), severe anemia 48.4% (182/377), and hemoglobinuria 46.5% (175/376). The overall malaria parasite GM was 12,238.42 parasites/microliter (95% CI: 9166.72-16,339.43). The highest GM of 197,000 parasites/microliter (95% CI: 40,817.64-946,368) and the lowest of 8938.185 parasites/microliter (95% CI: 5932.8-13,466.01) were observed in shock and severe anemia, respectively. Inpatient mortality was 3.4%. <b>Conclusion:</b> In malaria high-transmission settings of Eastern Uganda, patients with severe malaria had low parasite GMs similar to those in uncomplicated malaria. Thus, malaria parasite GM should not be relied upon to determine disease severity in these settings.</p>","PeriodicalId":16662,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Parasitology Research","volume":"2025 ","pages":"4801721"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-06-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12149514/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144266444","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence of Gastrointestinal Parasites in Dogs and Potential Implications to Human Health in Accra, Ghana.","authors":"Isaac Anim-Baidoo, Allotey Celia Naa Adorkor, Sherry A M Johnson, Thomas Koge Tingan, Akua Obeng Forson, Enid Owusu, Michael Olu-Taiwo, Eric Sampene-Donkor","doi":"10.1155/japr/3973074","DOIUrl":"10.1155/japr/3973074","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Dogs provide security and companionship and enhance the psychological well-being of humans but also carry potential zoonotic pathogens posing a public health risk. This study was conducted to detect gastrointestinal parasites in dogs and determine their potential risk to human health. In all, 288 dog fecal samples were collected per rectum from a veterinary and community in Accra, Ghana. The samples were examined by flotation and sedimentation techniques and parasites identified using standard morphological criteria. Questionnaires were administered to dog owners for information on knowledge of zoonosis and pet management practices. The prevalence of gastrointestinal parasites in the dogs was 38.2% (110 infected out of the total 288 dogs from both veterinary and the community). The infection rate in community dogs was 70.8% (85 infected out of 120 dogs) and 14.9% (25 infected out of 168 dogs) in veterinary dogs. At the veterinary, three different parasites, namely, hookworm (11.3%), <i>Toxocara</i> spp. (2.4%), and taeniids (1.2%), were detected, while nine different species, including <i>Ancylostoma caninum</i> and <i>Toxocara</i> spp., were observed in community dogs. The study revealed a significantly higher prevalence of parasites in female dogs (41.4%) than in males (35.6%) (<i>p</i> < 0.001). Young dogs (1-40 weeks) recorded significantly lower prevalence (<i>p</i> < 0.05) than older ones. The highest prevalence among the dog species at the veterinary occurred in coonhound dark tan (50%) and pit bull (50%). There was a significant association between infection status and dog owners in the community who did not visit veterinary (<i>p</i> = 0.001) and veterinary dogs not dewormed (<i>p</i> = 0.003). No significant association existed between dog owners' knowledge of zoonosis and infection (<i>p</i> > 0.05). The odds showed that dogs of owners who did not visit veterinary and local domestic dogs were more likely to be parasitized. Our findings suggest a potential risk of dog parasites to human health and highlight the need to control the movement of dogs to public places and encourage dog owners to visit veterinary, as well as regularly deworm the dogs.</p>","PeriodicalId":16662,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Parasitology Research","volume":"2025 ","pages":"3973074"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12143947/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144248307","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Anthelmintic Activity of Hydroethanolic Extract of <i>Senegalia senegal</i> (L.) Britton (Fabaceae) on the Small Ruminant Parasite <i>Haemonchus contortus</i>.","authors":"Denis Danwe Djambo, André Perfusion Amang, Mathieu Djongra, Dieudonné Ndjonka","doi":"10.1155/japr/8782416","DOIUrl":"10.1155/japr/8782416","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Anthelmintics used to control haemonchosis in small ruminants have several limitations; the most notable of which are resistance and reinfestation. The aim of this study was to investigate the anthelmintic effect of the hydroethanolic extract of <i>Senegalia senegal</i> (HESS) against the parasite <i>Haemonchus contortus</i>. The hydroethanolic extract was tested in vitro on the various developmental stages of <i>H. contortus</i> and in vivo in goats infested by this parasite. The acute toxicity of HESS was assessed in mice according to Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) Line 425. HESS inhibited egg hatching with LC₅₀ values = 1.51 mg/mL and LC₉₀ = 2.57 mg/mL; this extract was also lethal with LC₅₀ values = 1.25 mg/mL and LC₉₀ = 1.99 mg/mL on Stage 3 larvae and LC₅₀ = 1.28 mg/mL and LC₉₀ = 1.04 mg/mL on adult females; HESS at a dose of 500 mg/kg deparasitized goats, inducing a 91.27% reduction in fecal egg excretion, a 94.73% reduction in parasite load, and a 57.65% reduction in female fertility. The secondary metabolites present in the extract were phenolic compounds, of which tannins (243.12 ± 0.76 mg ECA/gDM) accounted for the majority. HESS at a dose of 2000 mg/kg did not induce any clinical signs of toxicity or mortality in mice. These results would justify the traditional use of <i>S. senegal</i> to control the gastrointestinal strongyle, <i>H. contortus.</i></p>","PeriodicalId":16662,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Parasitology Research","volume":"2025 ","pages":"8782416"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-05-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12136857/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144225766","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prophylactic Effect of Microwave Radiation on <i>Toxoplasma gondii</i> Tachyzoites of RH Strain: A Method for Partial Immunization in BALB/c Mice.","authors":"Amin Shamsaei, Iraj Mohammadpour, Zahra Mohammadi, Qasem Asgari","doi":"10.1155/japr/1666892","DOIUrl":"10.1155/japr/1666892","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Toxoplasma gondii</i> is a ubiquitous protozoan parasite causing toxoplasmosis in humans. The goal of this study was to examine the effect of microwave on the viability and infectivity of <i>T. gondii</i> tachyzoites of the RH strain, both in vitro and in vivo. <i>T. gondii</i> tachyzoites of the RH strain were treated with microwave radiation for 5, 10, 15, and 20 s. The viability of treated tachyzoites was assessed using flow cytometry. The in vitro infectivity of these treated tachyzoites was investigated using the HeLa cell culture. For in vivo studies, BALB/c mice received two injections of treated tachyzoites mixed with Freund's adjuvant, over a fortnight interval, and their daily survival rates were monitored. Subsequently, untreated tachyzoites were inoculated into surviving mice in order to evaluate induced immunity. The produced IgG antibody titers in surviving mice were measured using the modified agglutination test. The flow cytometry method showed mortality rates of 46.89%, 74.11%, 88.38%, and 99.34% for the treated tachyzoites at 5, 10, 15, and 20 s, respectively. An in vitro analysis showed no proliferation of treated tachyzoites at 10- to 20-s time points after 24, 48, and 72 h. An in vivo study showed that all mice injected with tachyzoites treated for 5 s died, while those treated for 10-20 s survived. Mice that survived were exposed to untreated tachyzoites and showed a significant viability rate up to 18 days. The modified agglutination test showed an antibody titer of 1:80 in partially immunized mice. These results suggest that microwave-treated tachyzoites combined with Freund's adjuvant greatly enhance survival rates, reduce infectivity, and induce a humoral immune response in mice, offering partial protection against acute toxoplasmosis.</p>","PeriodicalId":16662,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Parasitology Research","volume":"2025 ","pages":"1666892"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12133370/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144216156","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"First Records of <i>Coquillettidia</i> (<i>Coquillettidia</i>) <i>richiardii</i> and <i>Culex</i> (<i>Culex</i>) <i>perexiguus/univittatus</i> (Diptera: Culicidae) Mosquitoes in Galicia (Northwest Spain).","authors":"María Isabel Silva-Torres, Yasmina Martínez-Barciela, Alejandro Polina González, Jose Manuel Pereira Martínez, Ánxela Pousa Ortega, Josefina Garrido González, Rita Sánchez-Andrade, María Sol Arias-Vázquez","doi":"10.1155/japr/8881802","DOIUrl":"10.1155/japr/8881802","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Three females of <i>Coquillettidia richiardii</i> (Ficalbi, 1889) and one female of <i>Culex perexiguus</i> Theobald, 1903/<i>Culex univitattus</i> Theobald, 1901, were recorded for the first time in Galicia (Northwest Spain) during entomological surveillance carried out by the regional vector surveillance network (ReGaViVec) between 2018 and 2022. The specimens were collected from a livestock farm in a <i>Csa</i> (hot Mediterranean summer) climatic zone and a private yard in a <i>Csb</i> (warm Mediterranean summer) climatic zone, according to the Köppen classification. Both species are recognized vectors of pathogens with medical and veterinary implications, underscoring the importance of recording their presence. This study documents their distribution in the region, examines the factors contributing to their detection, and highlights the need for ongoing and systematic vector surveillance.</p>","PeriodicalId":16662,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Parasitology Research","volume":"2025 ","pages":"8881802"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-05-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12088841/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144102242","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}