Journal of Parasitology Research最新文献

{"title":"Trichomoniasis Infection and Associated Risk Factors Among Women of Reproductive Age in Nepalgunj Medical College Teaching Hospital, Kohalpur, Banke.","authors":"Yamini Chhetri, Rajendra Pd Parajuli, Mahendra Maharjan","doi":"10.1155/japr/7844554","DOIUrl":"10.1155/japr/7844554","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background:</b> <i>Trichomonas vaginalis</i> is a flagellated, protozoan parasite causing a curable sexually transmitted disease, trichomoniasis. The prevalence of the infection has been increasing globally and nationally, although epidemiological studies are scarce in Nepal. <b>Objective:</b> This study is aimed at evaluating the prevalence of trichomoniasis and its associated risk factors among women of reproductive age visiting the gynecological outpatient department of Nepalgunj Medical College Teaching Hospital, Kohalpur, Banke. <b>Methods:</b> The study was conducted among 290 women of reproductive age attending the hospital's Gynecology Outpatient Department (GOPD). Structured questionnaires were employed for data collection on demographic, clinical characteristics, and associated risk factors. Participants were included using consecutive sampling techniques. A vaginal swab sample was collected using a sterile cotton swab and tested using a direct wet mount. Data analysis was performed using R Core Team (2023), employing bivariate and multivariate approaches. Statistical significance was determined by <i>p</i> value < 0.05, with a 95% confidence interval (CI). <b>Result:</b> The overall prevalence of trichomoniasis was 13.79% (95% CI, 9.52-18.07). The higher prevalence was found among women aged 36-45 years (17.46%), with school-level education (16.50%), married (14.23%), municipality residents (14.69%), and working women (24.56%). In the multivariate analysis, women engaged in occupations outside the home (e.g., laborers) had significantly higher odds of trichomoniasis compared to housewives or students (adjusted odd ratio (aOR): 9.36; 95% CI: 2.82-31.06). No other sociodemographic or behavioral characteristics remained significantly associated after adjustment. Clinical symptoms independently associated with the infection included elevated body temperature (> 98.6°F) (aOR: 15.89; 95% CI: 5.07-49.76), greenish vaginal discharge (aOR: 7.49; 95% CI: 2.73-20.54), and foul-smelling discharge (aOR: 10.18; 95% CI: 3.34-31.03). <b>Conclusion:</b> This study revealed a higher prevalence of <i>T. vaginalis</i> among women of reproductive age, specifically those who engaged in occupations outside the home (e.g., laborers). This could lead to other complications; hence, routine screening regardless of symptoms and awareness campaigns to the general public are advised to minimize the risk of infection.</p>","PeriodicalId":16662,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Parasitology Research","volume":"2025 ","pages":"7844554"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12496140/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145233004","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"MIC13 of <i>Toxoplasma gondii</i>: Potential Gene for Vaccine Candidate-An In Silico Approach.","authors":"Mahdi Khadem Mohammadi, Ali Dalir Ghaffari","doi":"10.1155/japr/3114690","DOIUrl":"10.1155/japr/3114690","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Purpose:</b> Toxoplasmosis, which is the result of infection by <i>Toxoplasma gondii</i> (<i>T. gondii</i>), is a widespread parasitic disease that affects approximately one-third of the global population. Routine medications are not able to eradicate the parasites enclosed in cysts that reside inside the hosts that are infected. MIC13 is believed to have a significant function in facilitating the dissemination of the parasite throughout the host organism. The objective of this research was to utilize immunoinformatics techniques for antigenic analysis and structural prediction of the MIC13 protein, with the goal of identifying potential epitopes that could be used to create a vaccine for <i>T. gondii</i>. <b>Materials and Methods:</b> The current research was aimed at describing the chemical and physical features, subcellular localization, potential epitopes for B- and T-cells, transmembrane domain, tertiary and secondary structures, and other attributes of the MIC13 protein. <b>Results:</b> The results indicated that the MIC13 protein possesses a single N-glycosylation, 15 O-glycosylation regions, 70 phosphorylation sites, and five acetylation sites, with no transmembrane domains being detected within its structure. In terms of secondary structure, the MIC13 protein is composed of 27.99% alpha-helix, 16.45% extended strand, and 55.56% random coil elements. Additionally, various potential B- and T-cell epitopes were pinpointed for the MIC13 protein, suggesting its immunogenic properties. The assessment of antigenicity and allergenicity further confirmed that MIC13 is immunogenic but nonallergenic, making it a promising candidate for further study. Furthermore, the induction of IFN-<i>γ</i> and IL-4 highlighted the ability of related MHC-II molecules to interact with MIC13, indicating its potential role in immune responses. These findings shed light on the multifaceted nature of the MIC13 protein and its significance in immunological processes. <b>Conclusion:</b> These findings suggest that MIC13 could serve as a key component in the creation of a successful vaccine targeting <i>T. gondii</i>. The results obtained from this research lay a solid foundation for future investigations and offer valuable insights for the creation of successful vaccines to combat both acute and chronic toxoplasmosis through diverse strategies.</p>","PeriodicalId":16662,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Parasitology Research","volume":"2025 ","pages":"3114690"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12494477/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145232922","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cockroaches as Mechanical Vectors of Intestinal Parasites in Sana'a City, Yemen.","authors":"Abbas M A Al-Azab, Yousef A J Fadladdin, Saeed M N Alasmari","doi":"10.1155/japr/3583742","DOIUrl":"10.1155/japr/3583742","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study investigated the role of cockroaches, <i>Periplaneta americana</i>, and <i>Blattella germanica</i> species as mechanical vector hosts for intestinal parasites in Sana'a City, Yemen, from May to August 2022. Three hundred sixty-five cockroach samples were systematically collected from various sites, including markets, garbage disposal areas, and butcher shops in designated regions. These samples were accurately examined for parasites on their external surfaces. Out of the 365 samples, 198 (54.24%) were infected with a variety of parasites, including protozoa, eggs, and larvae of nematodes. This investigation revealed the presence of nine distinct parasite species on the external surfaces of cockroaches, including three species of protozoan cysts and six species of helminths. Specifically, the identified parasites were <i>Entamoeba coli</i> (69, 60%), <i>Entamoeba histolytica</i>/<i>dispar</i> (61, 58%), <i>Giardia lamblia</i> (56, 53%), <i>Ascaris lumbricoides</i> (45, 31%), <i>Hymenolepis nana</i> (42, 35%), <i>Enterobius vermicularis</i> (23, 17%), hookworm (9, 6%), <i>Trichuris trichiura</i> (7, 3%), and <i>Strongyloides stercoralis</i> (2, 1%) of <i>P. americana</i> and <i>B. germanica</i>. The dominant parasite among the samples was <i>E. coli</i> (69, 60.%), whereas <i>S. stercoralis</i> (2, 1%) exhibited the lowest prevalence among the cockroaches collected. Noqum and Assafi'yah zones showed the highest numbers of infected cockroaches, with 71% and 63%, respectively, while the lowest numbers were obtained from Al-Kuwait Hospital (5%). To improve understanding in this area, further investigations would be required to isolate and identify parasites from diverse cockroach specimens' internal (digestive tract) and external surfaces.</p>","PeriodicalId":16662,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Parasitology Research","volume":"2025 ","pages":"3583742"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12463528/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145185866","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Coprological Detection of Gastrointestinal Nematodes in Intensively Managed Poultry Farms in Bishoftu, Ethiopia.","authors":"Misgana Tefera, Maraki Wasiyhun","doi":"10.1155/japr/9138062","DOIUrl":"10.1155/japr/9138062","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The poultry industry is an infant but rapidly growing sector in Ethiopia. Although poultry farming is one of the Ethiopian government's developmental initiatives, the sector is facing various challenges, particularly due to infectious diseases. Among infectious diseases, helminthiasis is one of the challenges affecting poultry production. A cross-sectional study was conducted from April to June 2023 to determine the occurrence and associated risk factors of nematode infections in intensively managed commercial poultry farming in Bishoftu, Ethiopia. Representative pooled fecal samples were collected from 60 poultry farms and examined for the presence of worm eggs by using the flotation technique. Gastrointestinal nematode eggs were identified based on their morphological characteristics. Coprological analysis results reveal that out of 60 poultry farms screened, 19 (31.7%) were tested positive. The most identified worms were <i>Ascaridia galli</i> 11 (18.3%), followed by <i>Heterakis gallinarum</i> 3 (5%), <i>Trichostrongylus tenuis</i> 3 (5%), <i>Syngamus trachea</i> 2 (3.3%), and <i>Capillaria</i> species 1 (1.7%). Production types, management practices, and proximity to other farms were found to significantly (<i>p</i> < 0.05) influence the occurrence of worm infections. The prevalence of worm infections was significantly lower (6.06%, <i>p</i> < 0.05) in the farms using footbaths as compared to farms not utilizing footbaths (62.96%). Similarly, significantly higher (<i>p</i> < 0.05) prevalence was observed in the farms that did not apply wet cleaning (76.2%) and chemical disinfection (66.7%) as compared to those using wet cleaning (7.7%) or chemical disinfection (16.7%) during farm downtime. However, there was no significant difference (<i>p</i> > 0.05) between age groups and poultry farm scale. This study strongly suggests that gastrointestinal nematode infections pose a significant challenge to poultry production. Therefore, implementing effective worm control strategies, such as regular deworming, implementing proper farm hygiene practices, and strict biosecurity measures, is strongly recommended.</p>","PeriodicalId":16662,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Parasitology Research","volume":"2025 ","pages":"9138062"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12446590/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145113632","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sialic Acid-Binding Protein-1 (SABP1) of <i>Toxoplasma gondii</i>: Preliminary Computer-Based Epitope Mapping for Enhanced Vaccine Design.","authors":"Sarah Gholami, Ali Jebeli Eshrat Abadi, Shadan Ghiabi, Davood Siamian, Hamed Abdollahi, Farane Famili, Ali Yousefi, Hamidreza Majidiani","doi":"10.1155/japr/9909421","DOIUrl":"10.1155/japr/9909421","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Toxoplasma gondii</i> (<i>T. gondii</i>) infects one third of the human population globally, presenting serious consequences especially in pregnant women or immunosuppressed patients. This study characterized <i>T. gondii</i> sialic acid-binding protein-1 (SABP1) to determine its physicochemical, antigenic, and structural properties as well as immunogenic epitopes using bioinformatics predictions. The amino acid sequence for <i>T. gondii</i> SABP1 was analyzed using ProtParam (physicochemical properties), VaxiJen v2.0 (antigenicity prediction), AllergenFP v1.0 and AllerTOP v2.0 (allergenicity prediction), NetSurfP-6.0 (secondary structure), Robetta (tertiary structure), IEDB, IFNepitope, and IL4pred (immunogenic epitopes). The subcellular prediction was made using signal peptide, transmembrane domain, posttranslational modifications (PTMs) and protein localization). The SABP1 protein (315 residues; 33.73 kDa) possessed antigenicity (0.46), high solubility (0.783), hydrophilicity (GRAVY: -0.335), and an aliphatic index of 69.33. It was shown to be nonallergen. SABP1 is located in the cytoplasm and has no signal peptide or transmembrane domain. Importantly, there were many B- and T-cell epitopes predicted to be immunogenic, which could be beneficial for designing multiepitope vaccines to prevent <i>T. gondii</i> infection. Further validation of these epitopes using wet experiments is needed.</p>","PeriodicalId":16662,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Parasitology Research","volume":"2025 ","pages":"9909421"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12422853/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145040577","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Insecticidal Activities of Plants Extract Against Malaria Vectors in Hadiya Zone, Ethiopia.","authors":"Anmut Assemie, Dasash Mulu, Alemayehu Getahun, Negalign Awoke, Workineh Muluken, Tigist Enyew, Amha Gebremariam, Yihenew Aynalem","doi":"10.1155/japr/9980264","DOIUrl":"10.1155/japr/9980264","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Environmental changes due to global warming and human activities have negatively impacted malaria vector control in Hadiya zone, Ethiopia. Plants contain anthraquinoes. Flavonoids, glycosides, phenol, saponin, steroids, tannin, and terpenes that are target specific, rapidly biodegradable, ecofriendly, and less toxic to human health. The objective of the study was to evaluate the insecticidal activities of <i>Azadirachta indica</i> (neem) and <i>Allium sativum</i> L. (garlic) ethanol extracts against malaria vectors in the study area. Then, 20 g from each (<i>A. indica</i> and <i>A. sativum</i> L.) were extracted separately by ethanol solvents. The phytochemical analysis was evaluated from the crude sample based on standard methods. Then, insecticidal activities were evaluated by introducing the fourth instar larva at 50, 100, 150, 200, and 250 ppm concentrations, and data were subjected to probit analysis to determine the LC₅₀ and chi-square test to check the significance of the mortality by R statistical software. The presence of phytochemical tests such as alkaloids, saponin, tannin, phenol, anthraquinoes, flavonoids, glycosides, steroids, terpenes, and flavonoids was obtained. The mortality of malaria vectors due to ethanol extract of <i>A. indica</i> and <i>A. sativum</i> was observed. The highest (90.66%) mortality was observed in the ethanol extract of <i>A. sativum</i> at 250 ppm concentration. <i>A. sativum</i> extracts have a significant effect only on the mortality of <i>Anopheles gambiae s.l</i> (<i>X</i> ² = 13.6, <i>p</i> = 0.008687) and <i>Anopheles pharoensis</i> (<i>X</i> ² = 11.002, <i>p</i> = 0.02655), but <i>A. indica</i> have a significant effect only on the mortality of An.<i>pharoensis</i> (<i>X</i> ² = 14.26, <i>p</i> = 0.00651). The lowest LC₅₀ (39 ppm) was observed in the ethanol extract of <i>A. sativum</i>. So, <i>A. sativum</i> extract was highly toxic than <i>A. indica</i> extract and more effective in the reduction of malaria vectors but further studies will be conducted to determine the insecticidal activities at pupa and adult stages.</p>","PeriodicalId":16662,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Parasitology Research","volume":"2025 ","pages":"9980264"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12411049/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145015619","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"First Evidence of <i>Hepatozoon canis</i> in Dogs With Clinical Signs in the North of Lima, Peru.","authors":"Cesar Ramirez, Daphne León, Luis M Jara","doi":"10.1155/japr/5430576","DOIUrl":"10.1155/japr/5430576","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study was aimed at detecting the presence of <i>Hepatozoon canis</i> in dogs with clinical signs in the northern area of Lima, Peru. Peripheral blood samples (<i>n</i> = 152) were collected from dogs with hematological alterations and clinical signs suggestive of hemoparasitosis. PCR was used to amplify the 18S ribosomal RNA gene of <i>Hepatozoon</i> sp. and was complemented with Sanger sequencing. Blood smears were used to identify the parasite gamonts. The frequency of <i>H. canis</i> was 15.1% (23/152) based on PCR and 0.7% (1/152) based on microscopic observation. The resulting sequences of the positive PCR amplicons (574 bp) exhibited high sequence similarity to the previously registered <i>H. canis</i> sequences in GenBank. Phylogenetic analysis revealed a similar relationship between the sequences identified in dogs from Thailand, the Philippines, Pakistan, India, and Colombia. This study presents the first evidence of <i>H. canis</i> in dogs with clinical signs in an endemic area for vector-borne diseases in Lima, Peru.</p>","PeriodicalId":16662,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Parasitology Research","volume":"2025 ","pages":"5430576"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-08-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12393935/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144958149","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Gastrointestinal Parasites of Zoonotic Importance Detected in Bats in the Conservation Area of Semuliki National Park, Western Uganda.","authors":"James Robert Ochieng, Charles Drago Kato, John Joseph M Kisakye","doi":"10.1155/japr/9972163","DOIUrl":"10.1155/japr/9972163","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Bat guano may contain zoonotic parasites that contaminate the environment and/or serve as a potential source of infection to humans and animals. Repeated bat-human exposure could be a risk factor for zoonosis. To date, knowledge on the status of bat gastrointestinal parasites (GIPs) in Uganda is limited. We conducted a cross-sectional study to investigate the prevalence of bat GIP species in communities contiguous to Semuliki National Park (SNP), Bundibugyo district in western Uganda. We purposively collected faecal samples of micro- (<i>n</i> = 242) and megabats (<i>n</i> = 242) from bat roosts in communities contiguous to SNP during the rainy months of October to December 2023 and the dry months of January to March 2024. Standard faecal floatation and sedimentation techniques were used for laboratory examination. Microscopic examination revealed that 224 (46%) samples tested positive for more than one parasite species. Thirteen GIPs, including protozoa (<i>n</i> = 3), trematode (<i>n</i> = 1), cestode (<i>n</i> = 1) and nematodes (<i>n</i> = 8), were detected. The most prevalent parasites were <i>Entamoeba coli</i> (57%), hookworm (33%), <i>Strongyloides</i> sp. (33%) and <i>Entamoeba histolytica</i> (32%), and the least prevalent were the two unidentified nematodes (1%). Seventy-seven percent (<i>n</i> = 10) of the detected GIPs are responsible for zoonosis and are of significant public health importance. Statistically, there was a significant difference (<i>p</i> < 0.05) in the overall parasite prevalence across the four studied bat groups. Also, parasite prevalence was significantly higher in microbats compared to megabats (<i>p</i> < 0.05) and in Burondo subcounty compared to Ntandi town council (<i>p</i> < 0.05), though seasonality did not have a significant impact. The detected zoonotic parasites pose a potential source of zoonosis in communities contiguous to the conservation area of SNP, Uganda. This calls for awareness creation on the risks of bat-mediated zoonotic parasitosis and the use of good sanitary practices to prevent chances of zoonotic parasite spillover from bats to humans.</p>","PeriodicalId":16662,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Parasitology Research","volume":"2025 ","pages":"9972163"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-08-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12373475/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144958125","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessment of Bovine Trypanosomiasis and Tsetse Fly Density in Gechi District, Western Ethiopia.","authors":"Gebremedhin Gebrezgabiher, Kelifa Jemal Siraj, Gebremedhin Romha","doi":"10.1155/japr/5512514","DOIUrl":"10.1155/japr/5512514","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background:</b> Bovine trypanosomiasis, a parasitic disease transmitted by tsetse flies, poses a significant threat to livestock health and agricultural productivity in Ethiopia, affecting millions of farmers who rely on cattle for milk, meat, and draught power. This study was aimed at assessing the prevalence of bovine trypanosomiasis and the density of tsetse flies in the Gechi District, western Ethiopia. <b>Methods:</b> A cross-sectional study was conducted from March to September 2022 in Gechi District, western Ethiopia. <b>Results:</b> Out of 471 blood samples collected from randomly selected animals, 32 (6.79%) tested positive for trypanosomes, with <i>Trypanosome vivax</i> (71.87%) being the most prevalent, followed by <i>Trypanosome congolense</i> (25%) and <i>Trypanosome brucei</i> (3.13%). The prevalence of trypanosomes did not significantly differ across study sites, age groups, body conditions, or sexes. The mean packed cell volume value of parasitemic animals (23.1%) was significantly lower than that of aparasitemic animals (25.52%) (<i>p</i> = 0.013). By deploying 60 traps, a total of 288 tsetse flies were caught, with 73.26% identified as <i>Glossina tachinoides</i> and the remaining 26.74% as <i>Glossina morsitans</i>. <b>Conclusions:</b> This study found a 6.79% prevalence of bovine trypanosomiasis in the Gechi District, which was caused primarily by <i>T. vivax</i> and <i>T. congolense</i>, with a tsetse fly density of 2.4 flies per trap per day (FTD), indicating that trypanosomes and their vectors are prevalent in the area. Continuous control measures and monitoring should be implemented to mitigate the impact of the disease.</p>","PeriodicalId":16662,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Parasitology Research","volume":"2025 ","pages":"5512514"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-08-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12370391/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144958163","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Schistosomiasis Interventions in Africa: Assessment and Systematic Review.","authors":"Christopher Yaw Dumevi, George Boateng Kyei, Patience B Tetteh-Quarcoo, James-Paul Kretchy, Irene Ayi, Patrick F Ayeh-Kumi","doi":"10.1155/japr/2125107","DOIUrl":"10.1155/japr/2125107","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background:</b> Schistosomiasis is a neglected tropical disease with high endemicity across Africa. As a waterborne parasitic disease, the population at highest risk includes school-age children, although adults are also affected. The rationale for this review is to assess the effectiveness of the various schistosomiasis control interventions implemented across Africa. <b>Methods:</b> A targeted systematic search for studies published from January 2000 to August 2023 in African Journals Online, ScienceDirect, PubMed, World Health Organization Database, Cochrane Library and Web of Science databases was conducted. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) was followed in the screening of the studies conducted from 2000 to 2023. <b>Results:</b> A total of 165 articles (out of an initial number of 9791) that met the inclusion criteria were reviewed in this study under the broad subthemes: pharmacological and nonpharmacological interventions. Praziquantel is the most widely implemented control measure for both preventive and curative purposes across the 35 countries surveyed in this study. Praziquantel either was the sole control strategy (18/35; 51.4%) or was used in conjunction with one or more other interventions (5/35; 14.3%). Studies conducted in 14 countries did not specify the type of schistosomiasis interventions used. Research on schistosomiasis in Africa and its control measures is primarily funded and supported by the WHO and other international research initiatives (49.1%), national governments (17.6%) and private researchers (33.3%). Ineffective coordination at the local, national, regional or continental levels; inconsistent and donor-driven mass drug administration and lack of an effective approach that integrates pharmacological and nonpharmacological control strategies are major bottlenecks hindering the elimination of schistosomiasis across Africa. <b>Conclusion:</b> There is a paucity of data on a systematic approach by the national governments of Africa that effectively integrates pharmacological and nonpharmacological control strategies to meet the 2030 elimination roadmap targets.</p>","PeriodicalId":16662,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Parasitology Research","volume":"2025 ","pages":"2125107"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-08-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12367381/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144957556","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}