Journal of Parasitology Research最新文献

{"title":"Recent Trends in Malaria Vaccine Research Globally: A Bibliometric Analysis From 2005 to 2022.","authors":"Muhammad Chutiyami","doi":"10.1155/2024/8201097","DOIUrl":"10.1155/2024/8201097","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Aim:</b> Malaria vaccine is one of the critical areas in tropical health research, considering the success recorded in other vaccine-preventable diseases. This study is aimed at reviewing recent trends in global malaria vaccine research from 2005 to 2022. <b>Method:</b> A validated search strategy was undertaken to identify scientific literature on the malaria vaccine in the Scopus database. Bibliometric indicators identified include a pattern of publication growth and citations over the study period; top authors, countries, funding organizations, and journals; keywords, including different malarial parasite species, and the overall research themes. <b>Result:</b> A total of 6457 documents were found from 2005 to 2022, published in 160 journals/sources in 189 countries/territories. Malaria Journal published the highest number of research outputs (478, 7.4%) within the study period, and the highest number of documents (468, 7.3%) were published in 2021. There were 214,323 total citations, with 33.2 average citations per document and 167 documents' h-index. The United States, United Kingdom, and Australia combined produced more than 60% of the publication output, with most collaboration with African countries such as Kenya. <i>Plasmodium falciparum</i> is the most occurring parasite species keyword (754, 11.7%), with a growing interest in <i>Plasmodium knowlesi</i> (30, 0.5%). Merozoite surface protein, characterization, trials, infant/children, traveler, and research/review were the six themes that emerged from the studies. <b>Conclusion:</b> The last one and half decades have seen a significant increase in malaria vaccine research and citations, mainly targeting vaccine development, safety, and efficacy in Africa. This necessitates more international efforts to improve the vaccines' effectiveness considering different <i>Plasmodium</i> species.</p>","PeriodicalId":16662,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Parasitology Research","volume":"2024 ","pages":"8201097"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-10-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11527547/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142558009","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Haemonchosis in Small Ruminants Under Traditional Husbandry Systems in Apac District, Northern Uganda.","authors":"Charles Dickens Opeto, Harriet Angwech, Acaye Ongwech, Benard Abola, Steven Odongo, Geoffrey M Malinga","doi":"10.1155/2024/8812142","DOIUrl":"10.1155/2024/8812142","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Haemonchus contortus</i> is one of the most common and fatal pathogenic gastrointestinal nematodes of small ruminants causing significant economic losses, particularly in low-income countries. A cross-sectional study was carried out in randomly selected small ruminants kept under traditional husbandry systems in the Apac district (now split into Apac and Kwania districts) in northern Uganda to assess the prevalence, intensity, and associated risk factors of <i>H. contortus</i> infection from May 2018 to January 2019. Faecal samples were collected from a total of 768 randomly selected small ruminants (384 sheep and 384 goats) and examined for parasites using the floatation method and coproculture. The overall prevalence of <i>H. contortus</i> in small ruminants was 73.3% (563/768) by faecal egg count and 70.6% (542/768) by coproculture. The mean number of eggs per gram of faeces in small ruminants was 2046 ± 107 and differed significantly across the host animals ranging from 1729 ± 120 (mean ± SE) in goats to 2364 ± 176 in sheep. Significant predictors of infection were the origin of study animals, animal species, breed of animal, age of study animal, faecal consistency, lactation, multispecies grazing, grazing method, and anthelmintic use. The findings of our study provide information on the current status of <i>H. contortus</i> infections in goats and sheep under traditional husbandry systems in Uganda which are critical in designing effective control strategies for the disease.</p>","PeriodicalId":16662,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Parasitology Research","volume":"2024 ","pages":"8812142"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-10-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11524712/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142546059","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Efficacy of Rotational Grazing on the Control of <i>Rhipicephalus microplus</i> Infesting Calves in Humid Tropical Conditions.","authors":"Gabriel Cruz-González, Juan Manuel Pinos-Rodríguez, Miguel Ángel Alonso-Díaz, Dora Romero-Salas, Jorge Genaro Vicente-Martínez, Agustín Fernández-Salas, Jesús Jarillo-Rodríguez, Epigmenio Castillo-Gallegos","doi":"10.1155/2024/7558428","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2024/7558428","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Grazing management through pasture rotation has been mentioned as a viable alternative for the control of <i>Rhipicephalus microplus</i>; however, there is limited information on rotational grazing at field level. The objectives of this research were (1) to evaluate the effect of rotational grazing with 30 and 45 days of pasture rest and continuous grazing (without rest) on <i>R. microplus</i> tick loads in Brahman heifers and its most common crosses with Holstein; (2) to know the parasite dynamics of <i>R. microplus</i> under the three grazing systems in the humid tropics of Mexico; and (3) to determine the effect of the treatments on the characteristics of the pastures (availability of forage biomass, plant height, and soil cover). The experiment was carried out for 1 year from April 2022 to March 2023, with three grazing treatments: Treatments 1 and 2 considered rotational grazing with 30 (RT30) and 45 days of rest (RT45), respectively, and Treatment 3 as continuous grazing (CT00). Thirty calves from 8 to 12 months of initial age were distributed in each treatment (<i>n</i> = 10). Every 14 days, the number of engorged and semiengorged female ticks in cattle was determined. Concomitantly, the region's temperature, relative humidity, and rainfall were recorded, as well as the agronomic characteristics of the pasture. Rotational grazing animals with 30 days of rest had the highest number of ticks, while grazing animals with 45 days of rest had the least. Tick load dynamics among groups did not correlate with climatic variables (<i>p</i> > 0.05). The height and grass cover presented significant changes due to grazing (<i>p</i> < 0.05), which could influence the tick cycle by the exposure of the soil, modifying the microclimatic conditions and consequently harming the survival and development of <i>R. microplus</i> in the evaluated systems. The negative effect of rotational grazing on the nonparasitic phase of <i>R. microplus</i> deserves further studies.</p>","PeriodicalId":16662,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Parasitology Research","volume":"2024 ","pages":"7558428"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11496573/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142502422","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Distribution of the Quill Mite <i>Bubophilus aluconis</i> Parasitising Western Palaearctic Owls Belonging to the Genus <i>Strix</i>.","authors":"Zbigniew Kwieciński, Jakub Z Kosicki, Maciej Skoracki","doi":"10.1155/2024/6110049","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2024/6110049","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background:</b> The paper presents the results of studies on the distribution of the parasitic quill mite species <i>Bubophilus aluconis</i> (Acariformes: Syringophilidae) in the feather quills of the Western Palaearctic owls of the genus <i>Strix</i>, that is, tawny owl <i>S. aluco</i>, collected in Poland and Sweden, the Ural owl <i>S. uralensis</i>, from Poland, Sweden, and Finland, and the great grey owl <i>S. nebulosa</i>, from Sweden and Finland. The two latter species are new hosts for <i>B. aluconis</i>. <b>Methods:</b> Feather samples of the tawny owl, Ural owl, and great grey owl used in this study come from Prof. Marian Cieślak's private collection, which contains feathers of Western Palearctic birds of prey and owls. Each of the 77 tawny owl, 75 Ural owl, and 55 great grey owl specimens are represented either by whole dry wings or a full complement of flight feathers (primaries (P) and secondaries (S)) and tails (rectrices (R)). Particular types of feathers were coded as follows: Ps, Ss, R, primary greater upperwing coverts (PGUppC), secondary greater upperwing coverts (SGUppC), primary greater underwing coverts (PGUndrC), secondary greater underwing coverts (SGUndrC), uppertail coverts (UppTC), and undertail coverts (UndrTC). <b>Results:</b> The prevalence was relatively low for all of the examined birds, that is, 12% for <i>S. uralensis</i> (<i>N</i> = 79), 2.6% for <i>S. aluco</i> (<i>N</i> = 77), and 3.6% for <i>S. nebulosa</i> (<i>N</i> = 55). In total, we examined 37,260 flight feathers and coverts. The mite <i>B. aluconis</i> occupied only the inner S of the tawny owl, secondary greater under and upperwing coverts of the great grey owl, and inner Ss, primary and secondary upperwing coverts, UndrTC, and coverts from the scapulars of the Ural owl. <b>Conclusion:</b> We hypothesise that the absence of these parasites in the examined P, S, and R suggests that these feather types might be unsuitable for the mites due to their thick quill walls, preventing successful feeding.</p>","PeriodicalId":16662,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Parasitology Research","volume":"2024 ","pages":"6110049"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11479798/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142468176","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence and Association of Malaria With the Blood Group on Febrile Patients at Woldia Comprehensive Specialized Hospital, Northeast Ethiopia.","authors":"Wagaw Abebe, Fasikaw Wudu, Gebreeyesus Derib, Foziaya Fentie, Agenagnew Ashagre","doi":"10.1155/2024/9942758","DOIUrl":"10.1155/2024/9942758","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background:</b> Malaria is a disease transmitted by vectors and caused by unicellular <i>Plasmodium</i> parasites. Malaria pathogenesis is associated with the ABO phenotype. However, there is little information on the frequency of malaria disease and its relationship with the ABO blood group in the study area. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of malaria infection and its association with the ABO blood group at Woldia Comprehensive Specialized Hospital. <b>Method:</b> An institutional-based cross-sectional study was conducted from December 3, 2022, to February 30, 2023. Convenient sampling was used for selecting the study participants. To identify malaria parasites, thick and thin blood films were made. Additionally, blood was drawn to identify the ABO blood group type. Before being analyzed with SPSS software Version 27, the data was coded and entered into EpiData Version 3.1. To ascertain the variable's association, a logistic regression was done. <b>Results:</b> Out of 192 patients that attended Woldia Comprehensive Specialized Hospital, 16 (8.3%) were found to be infected with <i>Plasmodium</i> parasites using microscopy. Among them, 9 (4.7%), 5 (2.6%), and 2 (1.0%) had <i>Plasmodium falciparum</i>, <i>Plasmodium vivax</i>, or mixed infections, respectively. As a result, 30.7%, 25.5%, 24.5%, and 19.3% of the participants had blood types A, B, AB, and O, respectively (AOR = 2.359, 95% CI: 1.03-12.289, <i>p</i> = 0.03). <b>Conclusion and Recommendation:</b> The total number of microscopically confirmed malaria parasites was 8.3%. <i>P. falciparum</i> was dominant over <i>P. vivax</i>. Individuals with blood group O were less likely to get severe malaria than those with other blood groups. Based on the findings of this study, we recommend that additional studies investigate the probable relationship between the ABO blood group phenotype and malaria infection.</p>","PeriodicalId":16662,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Parasitology Research","volume":"2024 ","pages":"9942758"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11455590/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142381115","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Soil-Transmitted Helminths in Kindergarten Children: Prevalence, Intensity and Associated Factors in Bule Hora Town.","authors":"Wako Dedecha, Tibeso Gemechu, Oliyad Husen, Habtemu Jarso, Lenco Bati","doi":"10.1155/2024/9356919","DOIUrl":"10.1155/2024/9356919","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background:</b> Soil-transmitted helminth (STH) infections are a common problem in Ethiopia. This parasite affects the physical and mental development of children, causing malnutrition and iron deficiency anaemia. However, there are inadequate studies that demonstrate the extent of STHs and associated factors among kindergarten children in South Ethiopia, particularly in the study area. <b>Objective:</b> The aim of this study is to determine the prevalence, intensity, and associated factors of STH infection among kindergarten students in Bule Hora town. <b>Methods:</b> An institution-based cross-sectional study was conducted among randomly selected 235 kindergarten children in Bule Hora town from January to February 2023. A pretested questionnaire was used to collect information on associated factors. EpiData and SPSS were used for data entry and analysis, respectively. Binary logistic regression analyses were performed to identify risk factors. <b>Results:</b> In the present study, the prevalence of STH was 28.5% (95% CI: 22.7%-34.3%). <i>A. lumbricoides</i> 26 (11.1%) was the most common parasite identified. The arithmetic mean (+SD) of the egg counts for each species of STHs was as follows: <i>A. Lumbricoides</i> 1886.9 (+2103.2), <i>T. Trichiura</i> 299.2 (+305.8), and hookworms 756.1 (+739.4). Factors that showed significant association in the current study were hand washing after the toilet (AOR: 2.992, 95% CI: 1.299-6.891,), fingernail trimming (AOR: 3.646, 95% CI: 1.704-7.798,), and shoe wearing habit (AOR: 2.143, 95% CI: 1.170-3.924,). <b>Conclusion:</b> STH infection is a health problem among kindergarten children in Bule Hora town. Comprehensive health education on the value of hygienic habits, improved sanitation, and routine deworming of kindergarten children should be included in prevention and control efforts.</p>","PeriodicalId":16662,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Parasitology Research","volume":"2024 ","pages":"9356919"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11415249/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142289621","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Molecular Identification of <i>Hyalomma</i> Ticks and Application of <i>Bacillus thuringiensis</i> Toxins as an Effective Biological Acaricide.","authors":"Panhwer Sana Noor, Munir Ahmed, Abdul Suboor Ansari, Javaid Ali Gadahi, Shahar Bano Memon, Mansoor Tariq, Zubair Ahmed Laghari, Feroza Soomro, Bachal Bhutto, Noor-Un-Nisa Mari, Zhengli Chen","doi":"10.1155/2024/9952738","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2024/9952738","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;i&gt;Bacillus thuringiensis&lt;/i&gt; (&lt;i&gt;B. thuringiensis&lt;/i&gt;) is considered one of the most important entomopathogenic microorganisms. It produces potent toxins against insects. Therefore, the present study investigates the bioacaricidal properties of &lt;i&gt;B. thuringiensis&lt;/i&gt; on the &lt;i&gt;Hyalomma&lt;/i&gt; tick species. Firstly, we identify &lt;i&gt;Hyalomma&lt;/i&gt; ticks based on morphological screening and molecular characterization. The cytochrome C oxidase subunit I (COX1) gene was selected for the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis, which resulted in the amplification of 656 bp. The amplified products were sequenced, and the isolated (COX1) gene of ticks was submitted to the gene bank of NCBI (Accession No. OR077934.1). The nucleotide sequences were retrieved from the NCBI data bank by BLASTn analysis, which confirmed that all obtained sequences belong to genus &lt;i&gt;Hyalomma&lt;/i&gt;, and multiple alignments confirmed that the sequence of &lt;i&gt;Hyalomma anatolicum&lt;/i&gt; Tandojam-isolate (HA-TJ) 100% aligned with &lt;i&gt;Hyalomma analoticum&lt;/i&gt; KP792577.1, &lt;i&gt;Hyalomma detritum&lt;/i&gt; KP792595.1, &lt;i&gt;Hyalomma excavatum&lt;/i&gt; KX911989.1, and &lt;i&gt;H. excavatum&lt;/i&gt; OQ449693.1. The generated phylogenetic tree confirmed that sequences of HA-TJ COX1 clustered with a single clad of &lt;i&gt;H. analoticum&lt;/i&gt;, &lt;i&gt;H. excavatum&lt;/i&gt;, and &lt;i&gt;H. detritum&lt;/i&gt;. The acaricidal effect of &lt;i&gt;B. thuringiensis&lt;/i&gt; toxins &lt;i&gt;B. thuringiensis&lt;/i&gt; spore crystal mix (&lt;i&gt;Bt&lt;/i&gt;SCM) and &lt;i&gt;B. thuringiensis&lt;/i&gt; crystal proteins (&lt;i&gt;Bt&lt;/i&gt;cps) was evaluated against larvae and adult life stages of &lt;i&gt;Hyalomma&lt;/i&gt; ticks in vitro. We applied &lt;i&gt;Bt&lt;/i&gt;cps and &lt;i&gt;Bt&lt;/i&gt;SCM separately with different concentrations and calculated the mortality percentage. Adult mortality was estimated at the 8th, 10th, 12th, and 15th days posttreatment and larval mortality after 24 h. During treatment of the adult life stage, at first, ticks were immersed in different concentrations of &lt;i&gt;Bt&lt;/i&gt;cps and &lt;i&gt;Bt&lt;/i&gt;SCM for 5 min after the treatments, and the samples were transferred to sterile containers and placed in an incubator with 80% humidity at 23°C. Furthermore, &lt;i&gt;Bt&lt;/i&gt;cps produced the highest mortality on Day 15, 89 ± 1.00% at a concentration of 3000 &lt;i&gt;μ&lt;/i&gt;g/mL, followed by the 12th, 10th, and 8th days produced 83 ± 1.91%, 70 ± 1.15%, and 61 ± 1.00%, respectively. &lt;i&gt;Bt&lt;/i&gt;SCM produced mortality of 69 ± 1.91% on Day 15 at a concentration of 3000 &lt;i&gt;μ&lt;/i&gt;g/mL, followed by the 12th, 10th, and 8th days at 57 ± 2.51%, 37 ± 1.91%, and 34 ± 2.00%. The present study revealed that &lt;i&gt;B. thuringiensis&lt;/i&gt; toxins produced a significant (&lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; &lt; 0.05) increase in mortality rate in adults of &lt;i&gt;Hyalomma&lt;/i&gt; ticks. Additionally, &lt;i&gt;Bt&lt;/i&gt;cps and &lt;i&gt;Bt&lt;/i&gt;SCM were used to treat the larval stage. The treatments were applied to calculate the mortality percentage via the Laravel packet test. At a 1500 &lt;i&gt;μ&lt;/i&gt;g/mL concentration, &lt;i&gt;Bt&lt;/i&gt;cps resulted in the highest mortality of 98 ± 1.15%; this was followed by 1250 &lt;i&gt;μ&lt;/i&gt;g/mL, 1000 &lt;i&gt;μ&lt;/i&gt;","PeriodicalId":16662,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Parasitology Research","volume":"2024 ","pages":"9952738"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11410401/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142289620","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"In Vitro and In Silico Anthelmintic Activity of Extracts of <i>Lannea kerstingii</i> and <i>Ficus thonningii</i> on <i>Heligmosomoides polygyrus</i>.","authors":"Ndjinkeu Ntcheuzing Serena, Masoud Besati, Noumedem Anangmo Christelle Nadia, Mahdi Yaghoobi, Yamssi Cédric, Claire Ciancia, Ngouyamsa Nsapkain Aboubakar Sidiki, Vincent Khan Payne, Mpoame Mbida, Haibo Hu","doi":"10.1155/2024/1858154","DOIUrl":"10.1155/2024/1858154","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background:</b> The aim of this study was to assess the anthelmintic activity of <i>Lannea kerstingii</i> and <i>Ficus thonningii</i>, on a nematode model, to promote their use in the Cameroonian pharmacopoeia for the treatment of helminthiases. <b>Methods:</b> One nematode was used, <i>Heligmosomoides polygyrus</i>. First, the effect of the extracts on the eggs and larval stages (L1, L2, and L3) of <i>H. polygyrus</i> was evaluated, 100 <i>μ</i>L of extract and 100 <i>μ</i>L of parasite suspension (containing 50 eggs) were mixed in a 96-well microplate. The 96-well microplate was incubated for 20 h at 25°C in the WMicroTracker which measures the motility of the worms at various concentrations. Finally, docking studies were conducted by using the Glide module in Schrodinger Maestro. <b>Results:</b> The ethanolic extract of <i>L. kerstingii</i> with the half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC₅₀) of 0.1371 mg/mL produced a higher ovicidal effect than the effect produced by other extracts of these plants. However, with an IC₅₀ of 0.31 mg/mL, the aqueous extract of <i>F. thonningii</i> showed the greatest effect on the L2 stage. The aqueous and ethanolic extracts of <i>L. kerstingii</i> and <i>F. thonningii</i> inhibited the development of the L3 larvae of <i>H. polygyrus</i> with a better effect for the ethanolic extracts. <b>Conclusion:</b> The use of <i>L. kerstingii</i> and <i>F. thonningii</i> for the treatment of helminthiasis has been proved in vitro and in silico by this research. However, more research is required, especially on the acute toxicity and in vivo anthelmintic efficacy to validate this scientific investigation.</p>","PeriodicalId":16662,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Parasitology Research","volume":"2024 ","pages":"1858154"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-08-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11316912/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141916909","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"In Silico Analysis of the ROP29 Protein as a Vaccine Candidate Against <i>Toxoplasma gondii</i>.","authors":"Amir Karimipour-Saryazdi, Fatemeh Ghaffarifar, Abdolhossein Dalimi, Masoud Foroutan, John Horton, Javid Sadraei","doi":"10.1155/2024/1918202","DOIUrl":"10.1155/2024/1918202","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The progression of <i>Toxoplasma gondii</i> (<i>T. gondii</i>) invasion is aided by rhoptry proteins (ROPs), which are also crucial for the parasite's survival in host cells. In this study, in silico analysis was performed to examine the various aspects of the ROP29 protein, such as physicochemical properties, potential T- and B-cell epitopes, and other significant features. The research revealed that there were 55 possible sites for posttranslational modification in the ROP29 protein. The secondary structure of the ROP29 protein consists of a random coil, an alpha-helix, and an extended strand, which account for 49.69%, 36.81%, and 13.50%, respectively. Moreover, a number of putative T- and B-cell epitopes for ROP29 were found. The Ramachandran plot showed that 88.91% (crude model) and 97.54% (refine model) of the amino acid residues were located in the favored regions. Also, the testing of this protein's antigenicity and allergenicity showed that it was nonallergenic and immunogenic. Our results suggested that employing in silico tools to apply structural and functional predictions to the ROP29 protein can lower the likelihood that laboratory investigations will fail. This research served as a crucial foundation for further research. More research is required in the future in suitable animal model employing ROP29 alone or in combination with other antigens.</p>","PeriodicalId":16662,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Parasitology Research","volume":"2024 ","pages":"1918202"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11300083/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141893626","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Zoonotic Parasites and Their Association With Human Activities in Northern Tanzania: An Integrated Ecosystem Approach for One Health.","authors":"Barakaeli Abdieli Ndossi, Eblate Ernest Mjingo, Hansol Park, Dongmin Lee, Mohammed Mebarek Bia, Heejae Yang, Sungbo Seo, Keeseon S Eom","doi":"10.1155/2024/8872837","DOIUrl":"10.1155/2024/8872837","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The community's awareness of the prevalence and impact of zoonotic diseases has been significantly underestimated, leading to insufficient implementation of control measures. This study was carried out in Northern Tanzania between 2019 and 2023 to investigate zoonotic parasites and the risks associated with human activities that contribute to zoonotic diseases. Cross-sectional surveys were conducted in 12 villages, including nine in Loliondo Division and three in Babati District. Focus Group Discussions and Key Informant Interviews were conducted to assess the community's knowledge and practices regarding the risks associated with zoonotic diseases in the surveyed areas. A total of 255 samples were collected from various sources, including latrines, households, livestock enclosures, domestic dogs, and chickens. Out of these samples, 152 tested positive for identifiable parasite eggs and oocysts. These parasites included hookworms (21.7%), <i>Trichuris</i> sp. (14.5%), <i>Strongyloides</i> sp. (13.8%), <i>Eimeria</i> sp. (19.7%), Taeniids (5.9%), <i>Hymenolepis</i> sp. (3.3%), <i>Spirometra</i> sp. (2.6%), and <i>Dipylidium</i> sp. (0.7%). Taeniids and <i>Spirometra</i> species were predominantly found in villages near protected areas such as Arash Sokoni, Oloipiri, Sukenya, Wasso, Orkuyiene, Haytemba, and Loliondo. Hookworms were most commonly detected in Arash Sokoni, Loliondo, Isuguro, and Hyatemba, while <i>Strongyloides</i> sp. was prevalent in Wasso, Sukenya, and Olobo villages. The quantitative analysis reveals significant associations between hygiene practices, proximity to livestock enclosures, ecological factors, and human-animal interaction, highlighting their pivotal roles in determining soil-transmitted helminth (STH) prevalence across different villages. This study reveals that there was a generally low level of awareness regarding zoonotic diseases and STHs. The detection of STH samples, combined with the limited understanding of zoonotic diseases, emphasizes the importance of taking proactive measures to reduce transmission risks. Prioritizing education and promoting awareness along with implementing comprehensive strategies are essential steps to effectively tackle the problems linked to STH infections and substantially lessen the public health burden caused by zoonotic diseases.</p>","PeriodicalId":16662,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Parasitology Research","volume":"2024 ","pages":"8872837"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-07-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11281853/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141788417","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}