{"title":"Serum 25-Hydroxyvitamin D Levels and the Risk of Post-Traumatic Wound Infection.","authors":"Zhanyi Zhang, Xizhe Yang, Mengyuan Li, Bo Li","doi":"10.3177/jnsv.71.110","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3177/jnsv.71.110","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Post-traumatic wound infection is commonly observed in trauma patients and has a poor prognosis. Vitamin D is a significant modulator of the immune system and may play a role in preventing wound infection. However, the inherent limitations and inconsistent results of previous observational studies restricted them from inferring causal effects. We employed Mendelian randomization design to estimate the causal effects of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels on the risk of post-traumatic wound infection. Data in the analysis were extracted from large-scale genome-wide association studies with 417,580 individuals for serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D measurements and 218,546 individuals for post-traumatic wound infection. Multivariable Mendelian randomization analyses were performed to adjust for confounding variables. We also conducted extensive sensitivity analyses to verify the main results. The results revealed a causal relationship between higher serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels and a lower post-traumatic wound infection risk (OR=0.473, p=0.014). The causality remained after adjustment of potential confounding factors according to Multivariable Mendelian randomization analyses (OR=0.361, p<0.001). Sensitivity tests suggested the reliability of our findings. This study indicated a causal association between genetically predicted high serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels and a decreased risk of post-traumatic wound infection.</p>","PeriodicalId":16624,"journal":{"name":"Journal of nutritional science and vitaminology","volume":"71 2","pages":"110-117"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144040681","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Thanks to Reviewers.","authors":"","doi":"10.3177/jnsv.71.184","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3177/jnsv.71.184","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":16624,"journal":{"name":"Journal of nutritional science and vitaminology","volume":"71 2","pages":"184"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144010025","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Glucose and Insulin Differently Regulate Gluconeogenic and Ureagenic Gene Expression.","authors":"Kanako Deguchi, Chihiro Ushiroda, Yuka Kamei, Kyosuke Kondo, Hiromi Tsuchida, Yusuke Seino, Daisuke Yabe, Atsushi Suzuki, Shizuko Nagao, Katsumi Iizuka","doi":"10.3177/jnsv.71.46","DOIUrl":"10.3177/jnsv.71.46","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Glucose and insulin positively regulate glycolysis and lipogenesis through the activation of carbohydrate response element-binding protein (ChREBP) and sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1c (SREBP1c), but their respective roles in the regulation of gluconeogenic and ureagenic genes remain unclear. We compared the effects of the insulin antagonist S961 and Chrebp deletion on hepatic glycolytic, lipogenic, gluconeogenic, and ureagenic gene expression in mice. S961 markedly increased the plasma glucose, insulin, and 3-OH-butyrate concentrations and reduced the hepatic triglyceride content, but Chrebp deletion had no additive effect. We subsequently estimated the expression of genes involved in the pathways of glycolysis, gluconeogenesis, and lipogenesis. S961 potently decreased both Chrebp and Srebf1c, but Chrebp deletion weakly decreased Srebf1c mRNA expression. Both the S961 and Chrebp deletion caused decreases in glycolytic (Gck and Pklr) and lipogenic (Fasn, Scd1, Me1, Spot14, Elovl6) gene expression. S961 increased the expression of many gluconeogenic genes (G6pc, Fbp1, Aldob, Slc37a4, Pck), whereas Chrebp deletion reduced the expression of gluconeogenic genes other than Pck1. Finally, we checked the metabolites and gene expression in the ureagenesis pathway. S961 increased ureagenic gene (Arg1, Asl, Ass1, Cps1, Otc) expression, which was consistent with the metabolite data: there were reductions in the concentrations of glutamate and aspartate and increases in those of citrulline, ornithine, urea, and proline. However, Chrebp deletion had no additive effect on ureagenesis. In conclusion, insulin rather than glucose regulate ureagenic gene expression, whereas glucose and insulin regulate gluconegenic gene expression in opposite directions.</p>","PeriodicalId":16624,"journal":{"name":"Journal of nutritional science and vitaminology","volume":"71 1","pages":"46-54"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143537037","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Relationship between Circulating Vitamin D Concentration and the Maternal Gut Microbiota during Early Pregnancy in Japanese Women: Results of a Pilot Study of Antenatal Vitamin D<sub>3</sub> Supplementation.","authors":"Hyun Sook Kang, Ichiro Yamade, Takuya Inoue, Masahiro Otsubo, Hironori Hamada, Shinsuke Sudo, Nozomi Ogiso, Sotaro Hamakita, Morio Sawada, Hiroshi Hatayama","doi":"10.3177/jnsv.71.185","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3177/jnsv.71.185","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Recent studies have demonstrated a significant role for gut microbiota dysbiosis in the pathogenesis of various diseases, pregnancy outcomes, and fetal growth. Vitamin D modulates innate immunity and promotes immune tolerance, suggesting involvement in shaping the gut microbiota. However, the relationship between vitamin D and the gut microbiota during pregnancy has not been evaluated in detail. In this study, we administered a vitamin D<sub>3</sub> supplement (VD) to pregnant Japanese women, starting during the first trimester of pregnancy, and characterized changes in the circulating concentration of vitamin D and the gut microbiome. Sixty-two pregnant women were randomly allocated to three groups. VD was administered at low (200 IU/d), medium (400 IU/d), or high (1,000 IU/d) doses for 8 wk from 12 to 15 wk of pregnancy, and changes in the serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) concentration and the gut microbiome were evaluated. Changes in gut microbial taxa abundance were analyzed by Wilcoxon matched-pairs signed-rank test. Before VD administration, 96.8% of the participants were VD-deficient, and none had a sufficient VD concentration. The serum 25(OH)D concentration increased in a dose-dependent manner in all the dose groups. Additionally, the abundance of Fusicatenibacter in the gut microbiota increased in a VD dosedependent manner, with a significant increase observed in the high-dose group. From these results, in pregnant Japanese women, the administration of high-dose VD increases the prevalence of VD sufficiency and alters the gut microbial composition, suggesting that this has benefits for the maternal and neonatal immune systems.</p>","PeriodicalId":16624,"journal":{"name":"Journal of nutritional science and vitaminology","volume":"71 3","pages":"185-191"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144528341","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Administration of Antibiotics Downregulates the Expression of MicroRNA-200 Family Members in Lamina Propria T Cells of the Murine Large Intestine.","authors":"Fumina Ohsaka, Daiki Honma, Kei Sonoyama","doi":"10.3177/jnsv.71.272","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3177/jnsv.71.272","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>By comparing germ-free mice and specific pathogen-free mice, we previously demonstrated that gut commensals upregulate the expression of microRNA-200 family members, i.e., miR-200a, miR-200b, miR-200c, miR-141, and miR-429, in lamina propria leukocytes (LPLs) of the murine large intestine, and that it results in decreased production of interleukin-2, which is mainly produced by activated CD4<sup>+</sup> T cells. In the present study, we investigated whether depletion of the gut microbiota by antibiotic treatment reduces the expression of miR-200 family members in T cells of the large intestinal lamina propria in mice. Supplementation of drinking water with antibiotics for 1 wk reduced the number of cecal bacteria in male C57BL/6J mice. LPLs of the large intestine were isolated and separated into T-cell and non-T-cell fractions by magnetic-activated cell sorting. Reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction results showed that the expression levels of miR-200 family members were higher in the T-cell fraction than in the non-T-cell fraction, and were lower in the T-cell fraction of the antibiotic-treated mice than in that of the control mice. These results suggest that antibiotic-sensitive gut commensals upregulate the expression of miR-200 family members primarily in the T cells of the large intestinal lamina propria in mice.</p>","PeriodicalId":16624,"journal":{"name":"Journal of nutritional science and vitaminology","volume":"71 3","pages":"272-276"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144528388","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Potential of Tomato Seed Extract for Wrinkle Care through Human Neutrophil Elastase Inhibition: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Clinical Trial.","authors":"Tomomi Degawa, Shogo Takeda, Norihito Shimizu, Kenchi Miyasaka, Hiroshi Shimoda, Hirotaka Miyazaki, Akihiro Tada","doi":"10.3177/jnsv.71.366","DOIUrl":"10.3177/jnsv.71.366","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Numerous cosmetic products claim to improve aging-induced wrinkles, and recent research has explored the potential of oral intake for wrinkle improvement. In our previous study, we investigated the effects of tomato seed extract (TSE), which contains lycoperoside H, on skin elasticity and its anti-inflammatory properties. The present study aimed to explore the anti-wrinkle effects of TSE through the inhibition of human neutrophil elastase (HNE), activated by inflammatory stimuli. The results indicated that TSE inhibits HNE (half maximal inhibitory concentration [IC<sub>50</sub>]: 316 μg/mL), and that lycoperoside H contributes to this activity (IC<sub>50</sub>: 37 mM). Additionally, several flavonoids found in TSE have been reported to exhibit HNE inhibitory effects. Based on these findings, we hypothesized that TSE supplementation could suppress excessive HNE activity in wrinkle-prone areas and potentially improve facial wrinkles. Therefore, we conducted a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial with 45 healthy Japanese women (age range, 40-59 y) who had wrinkle grades of 3-5 around their eyes. The participants were randomly assigned to either a 200 mg/d TSE supplement (containing 1 mg of lycoperoside H) or a placebo for 12 wk. As a result, significant improvement in wrinkle grade was observed in the TSE group; however, improvements were also seen in the placebo group. Therefore, no significant differences in wrinkle reduction were found between the two groups. These findings suggest that the inhibition of HNE by TSE may have potential effects on the dermis, thereby offering new insights into the role of TSE in skin health.</p>","PeriodicalId":16624,"journal":{"name":"Journal of nutritional science and vitaminology","volume":"71 4","pages":"366-374"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144957856","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"PA YEAST SC-1, Polyamine-Rich Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Induces Muscle Hypertrophy in C2C12 Myotubes.","authors":"Yasukiyo Yoshioka, Keigo Onishi, Kensuke Yasui, Noriyuki Miyoshi","doi":"10.3177/jnsv.70.53","DOIUrl":"10.3177/jnsv.70.53","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Maintenance of appropriate muscle mass is necessary for good quality of life as skeletal muscles play critical roles in locomotion, metabolic homeostasis, and thermogenesis. Polyamines are essential metabolites that regulate several important cellular functions. In C57BL6 mice who underwent sciatic nerve transection of the hind limb, compensatory muscle hypertrophy is enhanced by the administration of polyamines. However, the action mechanisms of polyamines in muscle hypertrophy remain unclear. Here, we isolated PA YEAST SC-1, a polyamine-rich Saccharomyces cerevisiae, from Baker's yeast. We examined whether PA YEAST SC-1 induces muscle hypertrophy and elucidated the underlying action mechanisms of polyamines and the active ingredients in PA YEAST SC-1 using C2C12 myotubes. PA YEAST SC-1 at 1 mg/mL increased myosin heavy chain expression in C2C12 myotubes. Mechanistically, PA YEAST SC-1 induced the activation of Akt/mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase/p70S6K signaling. Furthermore, PA YEAST SC-1 decreased the expression levels of the ubiquitin ligases, atrogin-1 and muscle RING finger-1, via forkhead box O1 phosphorylation. These findings suggest PA YEAST SC-1 as an effective food ingredient for the treatment of muscle hypertrophy.</p>","PeriodicalId":16624,"journal":{"name":"Journal of nutritional science and vitaminology","volume":"70 1","pages":"53-60"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139990362","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"PGC1α in Skeletal Muscle Mediates Anti-Obesity Effects of Soy Isoflavones.","authors":"Takumi Sugimoto, Tokushi Kimura, Mamoru Oyabu, Ran Uchitomi, Shiho Nakai, Yasutomi Kamei","doi":"10.3177/jnsv.70.434","DOIUrl":"10.3177/jnsv.70.434","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Obesity, a factor increasing the risk of metabolic diseases such as type 2 diabetes, dyslipidemia, and hypertension, can be reduced by the intake of soy isoflavones. In this study, we investigated whether skeletal muscle PGC1α, a transcriptional activator known to promote a variety of exercise-related metabolic processes, is involved in the anti-obesity effects of soy isoflavones using skeletal muscle-specific PGC1α knockout mice. The results showed that the intake of soy isoflavones reduced white adipose tissue weight and increased expression of energy metabolism-related genes such as mitochondrial function, lipolysis, and fatty acid oxidation in skeletal muscle. However, these effects were not observed in skeletal muscle-specific PGC1α knockout mice. In C2C12 myoblasts with overexpressing PGC1α, soy isoflavone treatment increased energy-metabolism related genes. Therefore, PGC1α of skeletal muscle is likely to be involved in the anti-obesity effects of soy isoflavones.</p>","PeriodicalId":16624,"journal":{"name":"Journal of nutritional science and vitaminology","volume":"70 5","pages":"434-440"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142546037","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Fumiko Sekiguchi, Mizuki Kitaguchi, Emi Kondo, Koji Okamura
{"title":"The Energy Required to Synthesize Lean and Adipose Tissue in Rats.","authors":"Fumiko Sekiguchi, Mizuki Kitaguchi, Emi Kondo, Koji Okamura","doi":"10.3177/jnsv.70.150","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3177/jnsv.70.150","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Although the energy stored in lean tissue (LT) and adipose tissue (AT) is well known, the energy required to synthesize these tissues is less clear. While elucidating the energy required for AT synthesis may not be so important, the elucidation of the energy required for LT synthesis is important for individuals who aim to increase their skeletal muscle. Theoretically the energy at the point at which ΔLT/Δbody weight (BW) reaches 100% on a regression curve, which indicates the relationship between ΔLT/ΔBW and the energy used to accumulate body tissue, is considered to be the energy expended to synthesize LT. We therefore investigated the relationship using rats. Rats of different ages, and rats in exercised or sedentary states were used because their ΔLT/ΔBW was expected to be different. ΔLT/ΔBW was higher in the 4-wk-old group than in the 8-wk-old group and higher in the exercise group than in the sedentary group. We found a positive correlation between ΔLT/ΔBW and the energy expended to synthesize tissues that accumulated in the body. This energy was lower in the 8-wk-old group, which had a lower ΔLT/ΔBW in comparison to the 4-wk-old group, but was not affected by exercise. The regression curve revealed that the energy expended to synthesize LT was 2.9 kcal/g, while that expended to synthesize AT was 1.1 kcal/g. Therefore, combined with the energy accumulated to the tissues, the energy required to accumulate LT is approximately 4.0 kcal/g, while that required to accumulate AT is approximately 8.5 kcal/g.</p>","PeriodicalId":16624,"journal":{"name":"Journal of nutritional science and vitaminology","volume":"70 2","pages":"150-157"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140853576","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Dietary Puerarin Translocates to Femur and Suppresses Osteoclast Differentiation in Ovariectomized Mice.","authors":"Teruyoshi Tanaka, Kazuya Umehara, Keiko Tanaka, Tatsuya Moriyama, Yukio Kawamura","doi":"10.3177/jnsv.70.262","DOIUrl":"10.3177/jnsv.70.262","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Osteoporosis is characterized by bone loss and deterioration in bone microstructure, leading to bone fragility. It is strongly correlated with menopause in women. Previously, we reported that diets supplemented with a kudzu (Pueraria lobata) vine extract suppressed bone resorption in ovariectomized (OVX) mice, a postmenopausal model. The main isoflavone in kudzu is puerarin (daidzein-8-C-glycoside). Puerarin (daidzein-8-C-glycoside), which is main isoflavone of kudzu, probably contributes to the beneficial effect. However, the underlying mechanism is unclear. Therefore, the nutrikinetics of puerarin and the comparison with the suppressive effects of kudzu isoflavones on osteoclast differentiation was examined in this study. We demonstrated that orally administered puerarin was absorbed from the gut and entered the circulation in an intact form. In addition, puerarin accumulated in RAW264.7 pre-osteoclast cells in a time-dependent manner. Tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase activity was decreased by puerarin treatment in a concentration-dependent manner in RAW264.7 cells stimulated with the receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-B ligand. Ovariectomy-induced elevated bone resorption was suppressed, and the fragile bone strength was improved by puerarin ingestion in the diet. These findings suggested that orally administered puerarin was localized in bone tissue and suppressed bone resorption and osteoclastogenesis in ovariectomized mice.</p>","PeriodicalId":16624,"journal":{"name":"Journal of nutritional science and vitaminology","volume":"70 3","pages":"262-272"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141468768","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}