Journal of nutritional science and vitaminology最新文献

{"title":"Identification of Roasting Reaction Products of Catechin Exhibiting Xanthine Oxidase Inhibitory Activity.","authors":"Mai Yoneda, Aiko Kano, Kazumi Kameda, Akiko Masuda, Toshiya Masuda","doi":"10.3177/jnsv.72.243","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3177/jnsv.72.243","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Food processing and cooking methods that involve high-temperature heating (such as roasting) alter the composition of raw food materials. Even polyphenols, which are generally considered thermally stable, undergo changes in their chemical structure during roasting. This study investigated the roasting reaction of catechin, a functional polyphenol, at a temperature of approximately 200ºC and found that it enhanced xanthine oxidase inhibitory activity. Purification and separation of the products derived from the catechin roasting reaction revealed two types of moderately active compounds: dimeric products with a linkage between the C and A rings, and an aurone-like benzofuran product. Additionally, several fractions containing oligomeric products were identified as highly active fractions. These results suggest that catechin enhances xanthine oxidase inhibitory activity by transforming into dimeric, aurone-type, and probably oligomeric products.</p>","PeriodicalId":16624,"journal":{"name":"Journal of nutritional science and vitaminology","volume":"72 3","pages":"243-250"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148368797","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Maitake Mushroom (Grifola frondosa) Enhances Cognitive Function in Healthy Older Japanese: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial.","authors":"Eri M Jogi, Masaharu C Kato, Yuki Masuda, Morichika Konishi, Naoko Kuwabara, Shinji Sato, Saori Nakagawa, Kenji Yamasaki, Ryutaro Aoki, Miho Ohno, Shuzo Ohata, Setsushi Kato, Michio Hashimoto","doi":"10.3177/jnsv.72.163","DOIUrl":"10.3177/jnsv.72.163","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Extended longevity has resulted in an increased number of patients with dementia. Therefore, new methods for treating and preventing dementia are highly desirable. Multiple health benefits have been reported for Grifola frondosa (maitake mushrooms). In this study, we investigated the safety and effects of continuous intake of maitake mushrooms on cognitive function in healthy older individuals. We conducted a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial over 18 wk targeting 47 healthy Japanese individuals aged 60 y or older. The individuals were randomly divided into three groups: a Y10M group consumed bread containing 50 g of the maitake mushroom strain Y10M, a C5304 group consumed bread containing 50 g of the maitake mushroom strain C5304, and a placebo group consumed bread without maitake mushrooms. No participants discontinued the intervention due to adverse effects in any group. The Y10M group showed a significant improvement in cognitive assessment based on the Japanese version of the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA-J) score compared to the placebo group after the intervention. However, no difference was observed in the MoCA-J scores between the C5304 and placebo groups. The activity of natural killer cells, a type of immune cell, was also significantly augmented in the Y10M group and positively correlated with MoCA-J scores. These results suggest that improved cognitive function is, at least in part, attributable to the activation of the immune system. This study suggests that consumption of maitake mushrooms may help inhibit the decline in cognitive function in healthy older individuals.</p>","PeriodicalId":16624,"journal":{"name":"Journal of nutritional science and vitaminology","volume":"72 2","pages":"163-175"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147774284","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Association between Serum Level of Folate and Vitamin C with Length of Hospital Stay (LOS) in Hospitalized Patients: A Retrospective Cross-Sectional Study.","authors":"Molian Tang, Yi Gu, Anqi Song, Yiquan Zhou, Xiaomin Zhang, Zhiqi Chen, Jie Zhang, Renying Xu","doi":"10.3177/jnsv.72.93","DOIUrl":"10.3177/jnsv.72.93","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The association between serum level of folate and length of hospital stay (LOS) remains unclear. Adult participants were retrospectively recruited from two teaching hospitals in Shanghai, China. Serum level of folate and vitamin C were measured within three days after hospital admission. LOS was defined as the interval between admission and discharge. Patients were classified into tertile groups based on serum level of folate to assess the association with LOS. We further re-analyzed the association between serum level of folate and LOS under different serum level of vitamin C (also divided into tertile groups). A total number of 9,645 patients were included. Each standard deviation (SD) increase in serum level of folate was associated with 0.41 d (95% CI: -0.73 d, -0.09 d) decrease in LOS in the crude model; however, it lost significance after full adjustment. Taken the interaction effect of vitamin C into consideration, serum level of folate was inversely associated with LOS in those whose serum level of vitamin C was higher than 41.6 μmol/L. Serum level of folate was inversely associated with LOS, but the association was limited to patient with high vitamin C level.</p>","PeriodicalId":16624,"journal":{"name":"Journal of nutritional science and vitaminology","volume":"72 2","pages":"93-100"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147774307","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Orally Administered Vitamin D Ameliorates Cognitive Decline in Early Stage of Vitamin D Deficiency.","authors":"Taichi Furukawa, Maiko Ogiwara, Kousaku Ohinata","doi":"10.3177/jnsv.72.265","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3177/jnsv.72.265","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Vitamin D (VD) deficiency has been associated with cognitive impairment; however, the mechanisms underlying this relationship remain unclear. In this study, we examined the impact of dietary VD deficiency on cognitive function and explored the potential involvement of gastrointestinal signaling pathways independently of changes in circulating VD levels. Mice fed a VD-deficient (VD-Def) diet exhibited impaired cognitive performance in behavioral tests, including the novel object recognition test and the object location test, despite unchanged circulating 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] levels. Notably, this cognitive impairment was ameliorated by oral, but not intraperitoneal, administration of VD, indicating a route-dependent effect. Furthermore, the cognitive improvement induced by oral VD was abolished by oral administration of methyllycaconitine, an α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (α7nAChR) antagonist, whereas intraperitoneal administration had no effect. These findings suggest that α7nAChRs via the gastrointestinal tract are required for the cognitive benefits of orally administered VD. Collectively, our results demonstrate that VD deficiency can impair cognitive function independently of systemic VD depletion and metabolic changes, and highlight a previously unrecognized role of gastrointestinal cholinergic signaling in mediating the cognitive effects of VD.</p>","PeriodicalId":16624,"journal":{"name":"Journal of nutritional science and vitaminology","volume":"72 4","pages":"265-271"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148860462","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bio-Guided Fractionation of Cardamom Ethyl Acetate Fraction Promotes Glucose Uptake via GLUT4 Translocation through Insulin Signaling Pathway in the Skeletal Muscle.","authors":"Liyuan Fang, Ken-Yu Hironao, Hitoshi Ashida, Yoko Yamashita","doi":"10.3177/jnsv.72.330","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3177/jnsv.72.330","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Regulation of skeletal muscle glucose uptake is an effective strategy for reducing postprandial hyperglycemia and improving whole-body glucose homeostasis in the management of type 2 diabetes. The present study investigated that cardamom enhances glucose uptake in skeletal muscle in vitro and improves glucose tolerance in vivo. Bioactivity-guided fractionation of cardamom identified an ethyl acetate fraction (Fr. A) and its subfraction (Fr. A-i) as potent stimulators of glucose uptake in L6 myotubes. Both fractions significantly promoted glucose uptake by enhancing glucose transporter type 4 (GLUT4) translocation to the plasma membrane. Mechanistic investigations revealed activation of the phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (AKT) signaling pathway, accompanied by increased phosphorylation of Akt substrate of 160 kDa (AS160), a key regulator of GLUT4 vesicle trafficking, while no significant changes were observed in insulin receptor substrate-1 (IRS-1) or AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) phosphorylation. Fr. A induced a more pronounced effect on AS160 phosphorylation and was therefore selected for further evaluation. The antihyperglycemic potential of Fr. A was assessed in ICR mice using an oral glucose tolerance test. Oral administration of Fr. A (1 and 10 mg/kg body weight) significantly improved glucose tolerance and alleviated postprandial hyperglycemia. Cardamom in skeletal muscle and highlights its potential as a natural therapeutic candidate for the management of postprandial hyperglycemia.</p>","PeriodicalId":16624,"journal":{"name":"Journal of nutritional science and vitaminology","volume":"72 4","pages":"330-342"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148860483","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Estimated Daily Phytosterol Intake from Commonly Consumed Foods in Korea and a Global Comparison.","authors":"Mirae Hong, Seonghwa Hong, Hana Lee, Junsoo Lee","doi":"10.3177/jnsv.72.230","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3177/jnsv.72.230","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study quantified phytosterol contents in cereals, vegetables, fruits, legumes, nuts/seeds, and plant oils commonly consumed in Korea and estimated daily phytosterol intake using nationally representative dietary data. Phytosterol concentrations varied substantially across food groups, with the highest levels observed in plant oils (rapeseed oil, 311.63 mg/100 g; sesame oil, 302.72 mg/100 g) and seeds (sesame seeds, 159.59 mg/100 g). The average daily intake among Koreans was 84.52 mg/d. Cereals contributed 35.84 mg/d, followed by vegetables (20.40 mg/d) and oils (12.60 mg/d). Major contributors included rice (15.90 mg/d), baechu kimchi (4.60 mg/d), tofu (3.17 mg/d), and soybean oil (6.23 mg/d). In international comparisons, Korea had the lowest intake among the countries examined (China, 392.30 mg/d; Spain, 275.40 mg/d; the Netherlands, 285.00 mg/d; Finland, 238.00 mg/d; Indonesia, 223.80 mg/d; Poland, 282.97 mg/d; and the United Kingdom, 163.00 mg/d). The relatively low intake appears to reflect dietary patterns characterized by high cereal consumption and limited use of plant oils. Given that habitual intake remains far below the 2 g/d level associated with cholesterol-lowering effects, these findings provide essential baseline data for evaluating phytosterol exposure in the Korean population and for developing culturally appropriate nutritional strategies.</p>","PeriodicalId":16624,"journal":{"name":"Journal of nutritional science and vitaminology","volume":"72 3","pages":"230-242"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148368771","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association between Vitamin K Intake and Depressive Symptoms Considering Frailty in Community-Dwelling Older Japanese: A Cross-Sectional Study from the Tarumizu Study.","authors":"Kaori Kaimoto, Hyuma Makizako, Sachiko Aburada, Mikako Yamashita, Kayoko Imamura, Hisami Manabe, Chihaya Koriyama, Toshihiro Takenaka, Takuro Kubozono, Mitsuru Ohishi, Akiko Kuwabara, Hiroaki Kanouchi","doi":"10.3177/jnsv.72.197","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3177/jnsv.72.197","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Depression is a significant public health issue affecting relationships, work, and overall quality of life. In Japan, the number of patients with mood disorders, including depression, has increased significantly in recent years. Although malnutrition is known to worsen mental health and elevate the risk of depression and anxiety, the role of specific nutrients in preventing and managing depression remains unclear. This study investigated the association between nutrient intake, particularly vitamin K, and depressive symptoms, accounting for frailty in the Japanese population. Among the 607 participants in this study, 122 (20.1%) experienced depressive symptoms. Vitamin K was independently associated with depressive symptoms using a forward stepwise selection method. The relationship between vitamin K tertiles and depressive symptoms was assessed through multivariate logistic regression analysis. Adjusted for covariates (age, sex, frailty, education level, living status, exercise habits, energy intake, and alcohol consumption), the odds ratios (ORs) for depressive symptoms were significantly lower in tertile 3 compared to tertile 1. The ORs (95% confidence interval, p-value) for tertile 2 and tertile 3 were 0.64 (0.38-1.07, 0.087) and 0.48 (0.28-0.82, 0.008), respectively. Lower vitamin K intake was independently associated with depressive symptoms. Further research is necessary to confirm the role of vitamin K in preventing depressive symptoms.</p>","PeriodicalId":16624,"journal":{"name":"Journal of nutritional science and vitaminology","volume":"72 3","pages":"197-205"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148368819","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative Effects of Guanidinoacetic Acid and Creatine on Body Composition, Muscle Strength, and Protein Metabolism Biomarkers in Older Adults: A Randomized Exploratory Pilot Trial.","authors":"Nikola Todorovic, David Nedeljkovic, Darinka Korovljev, Valdemar Stajer, Viktória Prémusz, Pongrác Ács, Sergej M Ostojic","doi":"10.3177/jnsv.72.284","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3177/jnsv.72.284","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Creatine supplementation can improve muscle outcomes in older adults, particularly when combined with resistance exercise; however, its efficacy without exercise is less consistent. Guanidinoacetic acid (GAA), the immediate precursor of creatine, may bypass age-related limitations in creatine synthesis and transport and exert distinct effects on muscle energetics and protein metabolism. The main aim of the study was compare the effects of 8 wk of GAA versus creatine supplementation on muscle strength, body composition, and selected protein metabolism biomarkers in older adults. In this randomized, double-blind, exploratory pilot trial, 25 apparently healthy adults aged ≥65 y were assigned to receive GAA (2.0 g/d) or an equimolar dose of creatine monohydrate for 8 wk. Twenty-one participants completed the study (GAA, n=11; creatine, n=10). Handgrip strength, body composition and fluid compartments (via multifrequency bioelectrical impedance analysis), and circulating myostatin, insulin-like growth factor-1, mammalian target of rapamycin, total homocysteine, albumin, and total protein were assessed at baseline and follow-up. Intervention effects were evaluated using repeated-measures ANOVA, and between-group effect sizes for change scores were estimated using Hedges' g with 95% confidence intervals. Handgrip strength increased significantly with GAA (p=0.01) but not with creatine, with a significant time-by-treatment interaction (p=0.04) and a large between-group effect favoring GAA (g=0.91, 95% CI: 0.00 to 1.81). GAA supplementation was associated with significant within-group increases in fat-free mass, body cell mass, muscle mass, and total body water, whereas creatine supplementation did not produce comparable changes. Effect size analyses generally favored GAA for strength, muscle-related indices, and hydration-related compartments, although confidence intervals were wide. Both supplements reduced circulating myostatin, with greater suppression observed with GAA. Creatine supplementation produced a modest reduction in serum albumin that remained within physiological reference ranges. Serum IGF-1 concentrations were below the assay detection limit in most participants, precluding evaluation of the GH-IGF-1 axis. No adverse events were reported, and compliance exceeded 97% in both groups. In this exploratory pilot trial conducted without structured exercise, GAA supplementation was associated with numerically greater improvements in muscle strength and several muscle-related indices compared with creatine; however, these findings are preliminary and hypothesis-generating and require confirmation in adequately powered trials targeting sarcopenia.</p>","PeriodicalId":16624,"journal":{"name":"Journal of nutritional science and vitaminology","volume":"72 4","pages":"284-290"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148860432","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mechanical Overload-Induced Retinoid Metabolism Is Involved in Protein Synthesis in Skeletal Muscle of Female Mice.","authors":"Tomoya Kitakaze, Aino Nakatsuji, Naoki Harada, Ryoichi Yamaji","doi":"10.3177/jnsv.72.176","DOIUrl":"10.3177/jnsv.72.176","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Although exercise is the most effective strategy for increasing the skeletal muscle mass, the underlying molecular mechanisms remain poorly understood. We previously demonstrated that β-carotene, a provitamin A compound, enhances muscle mass through a retinoic acid receptor γ (RARγ)-dependent pathway. However, the involvement of vitamin A in exercise-induced muscle hypertrophy remains unclear. In this study, we used a mouse model of functional overload to mimic resistance exercise and investigated the role of vitamin A in overload-induced muscle growth. Overload increased the expression of Rdh10, Dhrs9 and Aldh1a2, an enzyme required for active vitamin A synthesis in the skeletal muscle. In contrast, the expression of Aldh1a1, Dhrs3, and Rarb was decreased by the overload. Vitamin A deficiency significantly suppressed overload-induced muscle hypertrophy and protein synthesis. Moreover, local administration of an RAR antagonist to the skeletal muscle reduced overload-induced protein synthesis. These findings suggest that vitamin A contributes to skeletal muscle hypertrophy during muscle overload by promoting protein synthesis via RAR-mediated signaling.</p>","PeriodicalId":16624,"journal":{"name":"Journal of nutritional science and vitaminology","volume":"72 2","pages":"176-181"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147774314","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Selective β3 Adrenergic Receptor Agonist CL316,243 Increases the Blood Concentrations of Free Fatty Acids and GDF15.","authors":"Arata Mori, Yasuo Oguri, Sho Matsui, Satoshi Tsuzuki, Tsutomu Sasaki","doi":"10.3177/jnsv.72.154","DOIUrl":"10.3177/jnsv.72.154","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>β3 adrenergic receptor (β3AR) agonists were originally developed to overcome obesity. Administration of selective β3AR agonist CL316,243 induces lipolysis and elevates the blood concentrations of growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF15), which exerts appetite-suppressing effects in mice. Liver is the main source of GDF15 in the circulation; however, it does not express β3AR. In this study, we hypothesized that free fatty acids (FFAs) released into the circulation upon lipolysis by the β3AR agonist induce GDF15 secretion from the liver. To verify this hypothesis, we manipulated the adiposity of mice using two different models, diet-induced obesity and surgical removal of white adipose tissue models, and measured the blood FFA and GDF15 levels after CL316,243 administration. Sustained elevation of blood FFA levels correlated with elevated blood GDF15 levels in the diet-induced obesity model. Conversely, surgical removal of white adipose tissue reduced the blood concentrations of FFAs and GDF15 after CL316,243 administration. Notably, CL316,243 failed to induce Gdf15 expression in AML12 mouse hepatocytes. However, FFAs induced Gdf15 expression in AML12 cells, with stearic acid acting as the most potent FFA. These data suggest that FFAs released via β3AR agonist-induced lipolysis increase Gdf15 expression levels in the liver and elevate blood GDF15 concentrations in mice. The sustained elevation of blood GDF15 levels in obese model mice by the β3AR agonist possibly reduced appetite more effectively in the obesity state than in the lean state.</p>","PeriodicalId":16624,"journal":{"name":"Journal of nutritional science and vitaminology","volume":"72 2","pages":"154-162"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147774319","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}