Journal of Ophthalmic Inflammation and Infection最新文献

{"title":"Subconjunctival dirofilariasis in a healthy subject: a case report.","authors":"Amirhossein Aghajani, Mohammad Taher Rajabi, Seyed Mohsen Rafizadeh, Elham Rahmanikhah, Reza Samiee, Mohammad Reza Abdol Homayuni, Amin Zand","doi":"10.1186/s12348-024-00447-5","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12348-024-00447-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To report a case of subconjunctival dirofilariasis presenting as an inflammatory mass-like lesion in a healthy individual.</p><p><strong>Case presentation: </strong>A 20-year-old male with a recent history of wildlife exposure in a rural village presented with an inflammatory subconjunctival mass in his left eye. The lesion was surgically excised, and histopathological examination confirmed the presence of an immature nematode of Dirofilaria immitis. The patient was treated with oral ivermectin for two weeks postoperatively. After two months, the lesion had almost completely resolved, and no recurrence was observed during the 6-month follow-up.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Given the rarity of ocular dirofilariasis and its diverse presentations in different ocular and adnexal structures, prompt and complete excision followed by meticulous histopathological evaluation is crucial to guide appropriate management and achieve favorable outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":16600,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Ophthalmic Inflammation and Infection","volume":"14 1","pages":"66"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-12-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11655823/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142854056","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Choroidal vasculitis as a biomarker of inflammation of the choroid. Indocyanine Green Angiography (ICGA) spearheading for diagnosis and follow-up, an imaging tutorial.","authors":"Ioannis Papasavvas, William R Tucker, Alessandro Mantovani, Lorenzo Fabozzi, Carl P Herbort","doi":"10.1186/s12348-024-00442-w","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12348-024-00442-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Indocyanine green angiography (ICGA) is the gold standard to diagnose, evaluate and follow up choroidal inflammation. It allows clinicians to precisely determine the type and extension of choroidal vasculitis in the two main choroidal structures, the choriocapillaris and the choroidal stroma. The presence of choroidal vasculitis is often overlooked by the physician who often does not include ICGA in the investigation of posterior uveitis.</p><p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To describe choroidal vasculitis by analysing its ICGA signs in order to investigate and follow choroiditis and determine the pathophysiological mechanisms of inflammation of choroidal vessels.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The tutorial is presenting the normal findings in a non-inflamed choroid and the semiology of diverse choroidal vasculitis conditions, followed by practical illustrations using typical cases.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The two identified patterns of choroidal vasculitis corresponded on one side to choriocapillaritis appearing as areas of hypofluorescence depicting the involvement and extension of choriocapillaris inflammatory non-perfusion. The vasculitis of the choriocapillaris goes from limited and reversible when distal endcapillary vessels are involved such as in Multiple Evanescent White Dot Syndrome (MEWDS) to more severe involvement in Acute Posterior Multifocal Placoid Pigment Epitheliopathy (APMPPE), Multifocal Choroiditis (MFC) or Serpiginous Choroiditis (SC) with more pronounced non-perfusion causing scars if not treated diligently. On the other side, stromal choroidal vasculitis is characterised by leaking hyperfluorescent vessels that appear fuzzy and at the origin of late diffuse choroidal hyperfluorescence.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Choroidal vasculitis is present in almost all patients with inflammatory choroidal involvement, occlusive in case of choriocapillaritis and leaky in stromal choroiditis causing vessel hyperfluorescence, fuzziness of the choroidal vessels and late diffuse stromal hyperfluorescence on ICGA. Systemic vasculitis entities produce occlusive vasculitis of large choroidal vessels.</p>","PeriodicalId":16600,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Ophthalmic Inflammation and Infection","volume":"14 1","pages":"63"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-12-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11618284/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142780389","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Automatic measurement of choroidal thickness with swept-source optical coherence tomography in chronic Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada disease: 3 years' follow-up.","authors":"Liria Yamamoto-Rodríguez, Alexander Anduaga-Beramendi, Roger Mediavilla-Vallespín, Olaia Subirà, Pere Garcia-Bru, Xavier Solanich-Moreno, Luis Arias, Josep M Caminal, Olga García-García","doi":"10.1186/s12348-024-00445-7","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12348-024-00445-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>The course of Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada (VKH) disease is typically assessed qualitatively using indocyanine green angiography (ICGA) and enhanced-depth imaging optical coherence tomography (EDI-OCT). However, a quantitative approach could improve accuracy and objectivity. The aim of this study was to assess the clinical value of the automated measurement capabilities of swept-source optical coherence tomography (SS-OCT) to measure choroidal thickness (quantitative approach) in chronic VKH.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Prospective, longitudinal case-control study at a tertiary university hospital involving 23 chronic VKH patients (9 convalescent and 14 quiescent) and 17 age-matched controls. Choroidal thickness was automatically measured with SS-OCT.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Choroidal thinning and improved vision were associated with treatment while increasing thickness and worsening vision were associated with posterior relapse. Overall, 41.6% of asymptomatic (no change in visual acuity) recurrences in the convalescent group and 25% of recurrences in the quiescent group were detected by SS-OCT. All recurrences diagnosed by SS-OCT showed signs of inflammation on ICGA.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Automatic measurement of choroidal thickness with SS-OCT is a rapid, non-invasive method of detecting posterior segment recurrences and treatment response in VKH patients, and could reduce the need for angiography to monitor this disease.</p>","PeriodicalId":16600,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Ophthalmic Inflammation and Infection","volume":"14 1","pages":"62"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-12-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11612052/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142769915","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Long-term effects of tocilizumab on retinal and choroidal inflammation in Birdshot uveitis.","authors":"Lynn S Zur Bonsen, Daniel Schulze, Steffen E Künzel, Anne Rübsam, Uwe Pleyer, Dominika Pohlmann","doi":"10.1186/s12348-024-00443-9","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12348-024-00443-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Tocilizumab (TCZ), an interleukin-6 receptor antagonist, is approved for treating rheumatic diseases and has demonstrated efficacy in managing refractory non-infectious uveitis (NIU). This retrospective study aimed to investigate the long-term effects of TCZ on inflammation in the retinal and choroidal compartments in Birdshot NIU.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Eight patients (16 eyes) received TCZ and were included in the analysis. The primary outcomes measured were inflammatory activity in the retina and choroid, assessed by fluorescein angiography (FA) and indocyanine green angiography (ICGA) using the Angiography Scoring for Uveitis Working Group at baseline, 6, 12, 24, and 36 months.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The mean follow-up time with TCZ treatment was 33 months. At baseline, the median FA score was 14 (quartiles: 10.25, 15.25), which significantly decreased over time (at 36 months: 8 (5.5, 11); p = 0.004). In contrast, the ICGA score significantly increased within the first year (median at baseline: 5 (4.75, 7.25); at 6 months: 7 (6, 9.25); at 12 months: 7 (6.5, 9.25); p = 0.002), but returned to baseline levels after two years (at 24 months: 5 (5, 6.5); at 36 months: 5.5 (4, 7.5)). Central retinal thickness (CRT) improved significantly after 6 months (median at baseline: 295 µm (275, 322); at 6 months: 275 µm (251, 308); p = 0.01).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>TCZ is effective in reducing retinal vasculitis and CRT in refractory Birdshot uveitis over time, but might be less effective in managing choroidal inflammation. Further studies are needed to determine the optimal treatment strategies for TCZ therapy in NIU.</p>","PeriodicalId":16600,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Ophthalmic Inflammation and Infection","volume":"14 1","pages":"61"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-11-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11582289/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142682055","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"\"Infectious uveitis: a comprehensive systematic review of emerging trends and molecular pathogenesis using network analysis\".","authors":"Muhammad Arif Asghar, Shixin Tang, Li Ping Wong, Peizeng Yang, Qinjian Zhao","doi":"10.1186/s12348-024-00444-8","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12348-024-00444-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Infectious uveitis is a significant cause of visual impairment worldwide, caused by diverse pathogens such as viruses, bacteria, fungi, and parasites. Understanding its prevalence, etiology, pathogenesis, molecular mechanism, and clinical manifestations is essential for effective diagnosis and management.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A systematic literature search was conducted using PubMed, Google Scholar, Web of Science, Scopus, and Embase, focusing on studies published in the last fifteen years from 2009 to 2023. Keywords included \"uveitis,\" \"infectious uveitis,\" \"viral uveitis,\" and others. Rigorous inclusion and exclusion criteria were applied, and data were synthesized thematically. Gene symbols related to infectious uveitis were analyzed using protein-protein interaction (PPI) networks and pathway analyses to uncover molecular mechanisms associated with infectious uveitis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The search from different databases yielded 97 eligible studies. The review identified a significant rise in publications on infectious uveitis, particularly viral uveitis, over the past fifteen years. Infectious uveitis prevalence varies geographically, with high rates in developing regions due to systemic infections and limited diagnostic resources. Etiologies include viruses (39%), bacteria (17%), and other pathogens, substantially impacting adults aged 20-50 years. Pathogenesis involves complex interactions between infectious agents and the ocular immune response, with key roles for cytokines and chemokines. The PPI network highlighted IFNG, IL6, TNF, and CD4 as central nodes. Enriched pathways included cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction and JAK-STAT signaling. Clinical manifestations range from anterior to posterior uveitis, with systemic symptoms often accompanying ocular signs. Diagnostic strategies encompass clinical evaluation, laboratory tests, and imaging, while management involves targeted antimicrobial therapy and anti-inflammatory agents.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This review underscores the complexity of infectious uveitis, driven by diverse pathogens and influenced by various geographical and systemic factors. Molecular insights from PPI networks and pathway analyses provide a deeper understanding of its pathogenesis. Effective management requires comprehensive diagnostic approaches and targeted therapeutic strategies.</p>","PeriodicalId":16600,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Ophthalmic Inflammation and Infection","volume":"14 1","pages":"60"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-11-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11579267/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142676049","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Isolated hydatid cyst in the medial rectus muscle: unveiling a rare orbital occurrence.","authors":"Alireza Attar, Behzad Khademi, Mohammad Hassan Jalalpour","doi":"10.1186/s12348-024-00436-8","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12348-024-00436-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Orbital hydatid disease, while rare, should be included in the differential diagnosis of unilateral proptosis, particularly in endemic areas. Accurate diagnosis and comprehensive management are essential for effective treatment and favorable long-term outcomes.</p><p><strong>Case presentation: </strong>A 12-year-old boy presented with a one-month history of diplopia and left-sided proptosis. A CT scan revealed a cystic mass within the left medial rectus muscle. Surgical intervention confirmed the presence of a hydatid cyst following cyst rupture and irrigation with hypertonic saline. The patient underwent a two-month course of albendazole therapy. Initially, the patient experienced persistent exotropia and diplopia, but at the three-year follow-up, he exhibited no diplopia or proptosis and only mild residual exotropia.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This case underscores the importance of considering orbital hydatid cysts in the differential diagnosis of unilateral proptosis in endemic regions. Heightened awareness, accurate diagnosis, and a tailored therapeutic approach, including surgical removal and antiparasitic treatment, are crucial for successful management and improved long-term outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":16600,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Ophthalmic Inflammation and Infection","volume":"14 1","pages":"59"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11557816/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142635784","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ocular loaiasis in France: the first case report from Brittany.","authors":"Sarah Kerkouri, Thomas Monfort, Dorothée Quinio, Béatrice Cochener-Lamard","doi":"10.1186/s12348-024-00437-7","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12348-024-00437-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>We report the case of a 21-year-old Cameroonian woman residing in France for one year, who presented to our department with left eye discomfort and itching. Examination revealed a mobile translucent cord beneath the nasal-inferior conjunctiva, prompting suspicion of loaiasis. Anesthesia was administered for extraction, revealing a 31 mm male Loa loa. A positive microfilarial load, albeit low, confirmed the diagnosis and the diagnostic workup excluded other locations. Treatment with diethylcarbamazine was well-tolerated. This case highlights the importance of considering loaiasis in non-endemic regions and underscores the need for interdisciplinary collaboration in its diagnosis and management.</p>","PeriodicalId":16600,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Ophthalmic Inflammation and Infection","volume":"14 1","pages":"58"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11541979/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142583246","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of intravitreal injection of anti-interleukin (IL)-6 antibody in experimental autoimmune uveitis in mice.","authors":"Kristin Hösel, Büsra Chasan, Jan Tode, Stefan Rose-John, Johann Baptist Roider, Christoph Ehlken","doi":"10.1186/s12348-024-00441-x","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12348-024-00441-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>The aim of this study was to assess the functional and clinical impact of intravitreal administration of a neutralizing anti-IL-6 antibody in the treatment of experimental autoimmune uveitis (EAU) in mice.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>EAU was induced in 17 female B10.RIII mice by administering Inter-Photoreceptor-Binding-Protein (IRBP) in complete Freund's adjuvant, followed by a boost with Pertussis toxin. Intravitreal injections of anti-Interleukin (IL)-6 antibody were administered on days 10, 13, and 16 after EAU induction (day 0) into the randomized treatment eye, with an isotype antibody similarly injected into the fellow control eye. Visual acuity was assessed using the optomotor reflex via OptoDrum, and clinical scoring was performed via fundus imaging (utilizing 6 EAU grades) in a single-blinded manner on days 0, 10, 13, 16, and 18.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Uveitis developed in all 17 mice. Significantly higher visual acuity was observed in treated eyes compared to control eyes on days 13, 16, and 18. The most pronounced effect was noted on days 16 and 18 (p < 0.001). On days 13, 16, and 18 the number of eyes with lower EAU-score was significantly higher in the treatment group, with the most notable effect observed on day 18 (p < 0.003).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Intravitreal administration of anti-IL-6 treatment notably mitigates experimental autoimmune uveitis in mice, both functionally and clinically. Further investigations are warranted to assess the potential of intravitreal anti-IL-6 therapy as a treatment option for non-infectious uveitis in humans.</p>","PeriodicalId":16600,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Ophthalmic Inflammation and Infection","volume":"14 1","pages":"57"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-11-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11535092/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142576263","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Safety and efficacy of intravitreal dexamethasone implantation along with phacoemulsification and intraocular lens implantation in children with uveitis.","authors":"Hui Feng, Weixin Chen, Jianzhu Yang, Haorong Kong, Hongyu Li, Meng Tian, Jing Mo, Yuan He, Hong Wang","doi":"10.1186/s12348-024-00440-y","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12348-024-00440-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To evaluate the safety and efficacy of intravitreal dexamethasone implantation during phacoemulsification and intraocular lens implantation in pediatric uveitis.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A retrospective analysis was conducted on pediatric uveitis patients undergoing phacoemulsification and intraocular lens implantation with intravitreal dexamethasone implantation. Patients with a minimum follow-up of 6 months were included. Primary outcome measures included ocular inflammation, intraocular pressure (IOP), best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), and worsening of uveitis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>36 eyes of 28 patients were ultimately included in this study. The mean preoperative BCVA was 1.00 (0.40-1.50) LogMAR. BCVA significantly improved to 0.40 (0.20-0.54) LogMAR at 1 month postoperatively (P = 0.006), further improving to 0.30 (0.20-0.40) LogMAR at 3 months postoperatively (P = 0.001). BCVA remained stable at 0.30 (0.20-0.70) LogMAR at 6 months postoperatively (P = 0.005). Mean IOP showed no statistically significant difference during the follow-up period of three to six months after surgery. Eight children experienced recurrence of ocular inflammation during the 6-month follow-up period. No cases of worsening macular edema, glaucoma, or elevated IOP were observed in any patient.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Intravitreal dexamethasone implantation during phacoemulsification and intraocular lens implantation is a safe and effective method for preventing and treating postoperative inflammation in children with uveitis.</p>","PeriodicalId":16600,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Ophthalmic Inflammation and Infection","volume":"14 1","pages":"55"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-10-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11502609/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142502386","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Efficacy and tolerability of subcutaneous repository corticotropin injection in refractory ocular inflammatory diseases.","authors":"Negin Yavari, Hashem Ghoraba, Christopher Or, Zheng Xian Thng, S Saeed Mohammadi, Irmak Karaca, Azadeh Mobasserian, Amir Akhavanrezayat, Anthony Le, Xun Lyu, Anadi Khatri, Woong Sun Yoo, Dalia El Feky, Ngoc Trong Tuong Than, Osama Elaraby, Aim-On Saengsirinavin, Xiaoyan Zhang, Frances Andrea Anover, Ankur Sudhir Gupta, Muhammad Sohail Halim, Louis A Jison, Quan Dong Nguyen","doi":"10.1186/s12348-024-00428-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12348-024-00428-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Repository corticotropin injection (RCI) has been suggested to exert immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory effects in ocular inflammation. The index retrospective study aimed to evaluate the efficacy and tolerability of subcutaneous RCI in patients with active scleritis or uveitis.</p><p><strong>Main body: </strong>Medical records of patients who were diagnosed with different types of active scleritis or uveitis and received RCI for more than six months at a tertiary eye center were reviewed. Patient characteristics including age, sex, comorbidities, clinical findings, treatment details, and adverse events were recorded. A total of 17 eyes of 17 patients were included. Median age was 43 years old and 53% of patients were male. Mean treatment duration was 25.4 ± 15.5 months. Indications for RCI therapy were scleritis (7 anterior and 1 posterior) (47.8%), panuveitis (17.4%), retinal vasculitis (17.4%), chronic/recurrent anterior uveitis (13%), and posterior uveitis (4.35%). RCI was initiated at a dose of 40 to 80 units 3 times weekly. Given the adequate control of inflammation, RCI was successfully discontinued in four patients (23.5%). Prior to RCI therapy, 14 (82.3%) patients were on oral prednisone at an average of 10 mg daily (range 2.5-40 mg), and two (11.7%) patients discontinued prednisone immediately before initiating RCI due to side effects. After six months of therapy, the prednisone dose was reduced in four (23.5%) patients to an average of 3 mg daily (range 1-5 mg) and was stopped in eight (53%) patients. Concomitant immunomodulatory therapies (IMTs) included mycophenolate mofetil (23.5%) and methotrexate (23.5%), and adalimumab (23.5%). Ten patients were on IMTs prior to using RCI, and during the course of treatment, IMT was stopped in two patients and reduced in one. Side effects included insomnia (23%), hypertension (11.7%), lower extremity edema (11.7%), hyperglycemia (11.7%), weight gain (11.7%), and infection (5.8%).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>RCI may be considered as a potential therapy with acceptable tolerability for patients with non-infectious scleritis or uveitis.</p>","PeriodicalId":16600,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Ophthalmic Inflammation and Infection","volume":"14 1","pages":"56"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-10-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11502637/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142502384","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}