Journal of Ophthalmic Inflammation and Infection最新文献

{"title":"Utility of the Collaborative Ocular Tuberculosis Study (COTS) calculator in the management of a case of frosted branch angiitis secondary to presumed intraocular tuberculosis - a case report.","authors":"Toh Ker Yin, Sowkath Ali, Lekha Gopal, Yuen Yew Sen","doi":"10.1186/s12348-026-00586-x","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12348-026-00586-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>AIM: To illustrate the application of the Collaborative Ocular Tuberculosis Study (COTS) calculator in guiding the management of a case of frosted branch angiitis (FBA) secondary to presumed intraocular tuberculosis (TB). METHODS: Retrospective case report. RESULTS: A 33-year-old Indonesian female, with no significant past medical history except for previous exposure to pulmonary tuberculosis in childhood, presented with acute blurring of vision, redness, and pain in the right eye for one day. On eye examination, her right eye exhibited a visual acuity of counting fingers at 2 m and a normal IOP of 18 mmHg. The anterior chamber of the right eye showed 3 + cells, while the fundus revealed retinal vasculitis in a classic FBA-like pattern and macular edema. The left eye had a visual acuity of 6/9, with normal findings on fundus examination. Fundus fluorescein angiogram showed predominantly venular leakage with optic disc leakage. Systemic evaluation showed a positive QuantiFERON-TB Gold test and a weakly positive Mantoux test (6 mm with 1 TU), with no radiological evidence of active pulmonary TB on chest X-ray. Based on clinical assessment, COTS calculator inputs, and multidisciplinary discussion, anti-tubercular therapy (ATT) was deferred. The patient was treated with systemic corticosteroids, resulting in resolution of macular edema and recovery of visual acuity to 6/6.7 in both eyes at 3 months. Within a span of two months with steroidal treatment alone, she experienced complete resolution of cystic macular edema and achieved a BCVA of 6/6.7 in both eyes. CONCLUSION: The COTS calculator may support clinical decision-making in selected cases of presumed intraocular TB; however, management should be individualized, supported by multidisciplinary input, and accompanied by close long-term follow-up. </p>","PeriodicalId":16600,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Ophthalmic Inflammation and Infection","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13253918/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147774286","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Unilateral orbital mass as the initial presentation of pediatric antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody associated vasculitis: eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis versus granulomatosis with polyangiitis.","authors":"Paulien Bonny, Ruben Van Paemel, Eva Schiettecatte, Jo Van Dorpe, Thomas Renson, Elke O Kreps, Virginie G S Ninclaus","doi":"10.1186/s12348-026-00583-0","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12348-026-00583-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis (EGPA), formerly known as Churg-Strauss syndrome, is a rare antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA)-associated vasculitis characterized by asthma, eosinophilia, and systemic vasculitis. Ocular involvement is uncommon (6-20%) and usually follows systemic disease. In contrast, granulomatosis with polyangiitis (GPA) more frequently (30-60%) involves the orbit and may present as isolated orbital disease. Distinguishing EGPA from GPA can therefore be challenging when orbital inflammation is the initial manifestation, particularly in children.</p><p><strong>Case presentation: </strong>A 7-year-old girl was referred with unilateral orbital swelling that was initially treated as preseptal cellulitis with oral amoxicillin and topical ciprofloxacin, without clinical improvement. Examination revealed a firm, mobile, tender superotemporal orbital mass with restricted upgaze, while visual acuity and fundus examination were normal. Orbital magnetic resonance imaging demonstrated an extraconal lesion exerting mass effect on the superior rectus muscle, globe, and lacrimal gland. The lesion was isointense on T1-weighted images, hyperintense on T2-weighted images, and showed marked contrast enhancement without diffusion restriction. Orbital biopsy revealed dense eosinophilic infiltration with granuloma formation and perivascular inflammation. Serologic testing demonstrated positive perinuclear (P-) ANCA with elevated myeloperoxidase (MPO) antibodies, supporting a diagnosis within the spectrum of ANCA-associated vasculitis. Systemic evaluation revealed no other inflammatory lesions, apart from bilateral otitis media with effusion. The patient underwent surgical debulking, which relieved the mass effect and provided diagnostic tissue. Subsequent treatment with high-dose systemic corticosteroids and rituximab resulted in clinical improvement with sustained systemic clinical and biochemical remission. Follow-up MRI, however, showed no significant reduction in the size of the orbital mass, necessitating a second, more extensive surgical debulking.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Isolated orbital inflammation may represent an initial manifestation of ANCA-associated vasculitis in pediatric patients. Although eosinophil-rich granulomatous inflammation and MPO-ANCA positivity may suggest eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis, predominant orbital and ENT involvement in the absence of asthma or other atopic features may be more consistent with localized granulomatosis with polyangiitis. This case underscores the importance of early orbital biopsy, comprehensive serological evaluation, and cautious interpretation of residual orbital lesions within a multidisciplinary, longitudinal diagnostic approach.</p>","PeriodicalId":16600,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Ophthalmic Inflammation and Infection","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13234059/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147774278","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Relapse of retinal vasculitis after a non-medical biosimilar switch: a case report.","authors":"Georges AbouKasm, Charles Zhang, Thomas A Albini","doi":"10.1186/s12348-026-00575-0","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12348-026-00575-0","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":16600,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Ophthalmic Inflammation and Infection","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13315637/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147674356","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Characteristics and outcome of microsporidial keratitis.","authors":"Khalid Alburayk, Abdullah Alfawaz, Khalid Tabbara","doi":"10.1186/s12348-025-00506-5","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12348-025-00506-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>PURPOSE: Microsporidia are a diverse group of obligate, intracellular, eukaryotic, spore-forming fungi like and not typical true fungi. Ocular manifestations vary from early to late stages of infection and include keratoconjunctivitis, stromal keratitis, scleritis, and rarely endophthalmitis. It is rarely reported in ophthalmology literature. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the characteristics and outcome of 26 cases of microsporidial keratitis. METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of 26 immunocompetent patients with microsporidial keratitis presented in the period between 2007 and 2024. The inclusion criteria were all patients with confirmed diagnosis of microsporidial keratitis based on the clinical symptoms and confirmation of diagnosis that was done by microscopic identification of microsporidial organisms in corneal or conjunctival scrapings. RESULTS: The study included 26 patients (mean age: 39 years), with a male predominance (65%). Most were initially misdiagnosed, with epithelial or bacterial keratitis being the most common preliminary diagnoses. The most frequent presentation was diffuse epithelial keratitis (58%), followed by stromal infiltrates and keratoconjunctivitis. Notably, 53% of patients had a history of topical steroid use, and 23% reported prior application of unsterile topical honey. Visual acuity at presentation varied, with 27% presenting at 20/200 or worse. Visual outcomes improved over time, with patients presenting with diffuse epithelial keratitis showing the most favorable recovery. Stromal and disciform keratitis presentations were associated with poorer visual outcomes at 1 month. CONCLUSION: Microsporidial keratitis is frequently misdiagnosed, leading to delayed treatment. Diffuse epithelial keratitis was the most common presentation and associated with better visual outcomes, while stromal involvement correlated with poorer prognosis. Early diagnosis and appropriate management are essential to optimize visual recovery. </p>","PeriodicalId":16600,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Ophthalmic Inflammation and Infection","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13139553/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147674346","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Colletotrichum fructicola-induced fungal keratitis: a case report and literature review.","authors":"Shanshan Ma, Xixi Gu, Mingwu Li, Jiyang Tang, Henan Li, Xiaojuan Wang, Hui Wang","doi":"10.1186/s12348-026-00570-5","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12348-026-00570-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>BACKGROUND: Fungal keratitis, a serious corneal infection that can lead to visual impairment and blindness, is commonly caused by Fusarium, Aspergillus, and Candida species; however, infections caused by Colletotrichum fructicola (C. fructicola) are rare. We report the first case of C. fructicola keratitis diagnosed in our hospital, and review the current literature on human infections caused by this fungus. CASE REPORT: A 66-year-old male agricultural worker presented with conjunctival hyperemia in the right eye after suffering a puncture from a chestnut thorn injury. Corneal scrape samples were collected. Morphological assessment of the colonies and internal transcribed spacer (ITS) sequencing confirmed fungal keratitis caused by C. fructicola. After ocular debridement, the patient underwent surgical intervention to remove the foreign body from the right eye. Postoperatively, the topical antifungal voriconazole was administered. The patient subsequently showed improvement in his clinical condition. During treatment, an improvement in corneal clarity was observed, culminating in a significant enhancement of visual acuity from 0.3 to 0.6 by 3 months postoperatively. CONCLUSION: Although traditional morphological methods have inherent limitations in reliably identifying C. fructicola, their combination with ITS sequencing enables rapid and accurate species-level diagnosis. Treatment for Colletotrichum keratitis involves aggressive topical antifungal treatment, escalation to systemic antifungal therapy, and surgery in severe cases. </p>","PeriodicalId":16600,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Ophthalmic Inflammation and Infection","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13065935/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147627908","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Recurrent combined branch retinal vein and branch retinal artery occlusion associated with PAMM as the first manifestation of lung adenocarcinoma: a case report.","authors":"Eya Essassi, Wijden Nabi, Aymen Abdeljelil, Melek Kechida, Sana Khochtali, Bechir Jelliti, Moncef Khairallah","doi":"10.1186/s12348-026-00574-1","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12348-026-00574-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To report a case of recurrent bilateral combined branch retinal vein occlusion (BRVO) and branch retinal artery occlusion (BRAO) with paracentral acute middle maculopathy (PAMM) as the first manifestation of lung adenocarcinoma.</p><p><strong>Case report: </strong>A 54-year-old male with a history of inferonasal BRVO in the left eye (LE), was referred to our department for blurred vision in the LE. On examination, best-corrected visual acuity was 20/20 in the right eye (RE) and 20/25 in the LE. Fundus examination showed tortuosity and dilatation of the inferotemporal branch vein, cotton-wool spots, retinal hemorrhages, and areas of retinal whitening in both eyes corresponding to a BRVO associated with BRAO and PAMM. A few months later, the patient complained of blurred vision in the RE. Examination revealed a superior temporal BRVO and BRAO. An exhaustive work-up was performed. Results showed a high level of antiphospholipid antibodies. Chest scan showed the presence of a pulmonary mass related to lung adenocarcinoma. The patient underwent a surgical removal of the lung tumoral mass and chemotherapy. The level of antiphospholipid antibodies was back to normal and no recurrence of ocular symptoms was noted after a follow-up of one year.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The association between retinal vascular occlusions and systemic carcinomas is rare. Malignant tumors may induce a hypercoagulation state and an increased risk of thromboembolic complications including branch retinal vascular occlusions.</p>","PeriodicalId":16600,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Ophthalmic Inflammation and Infection","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13161384/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147581568","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clinical characteristics and mixed infection patterns of ocular surface infection with Epstein-Barr virus.","authors":"Zihan Shen, Yiyun Liu, Yilin Liu, Pei Zhang, Yingyu Li, Zekai Li, Hong Qi","doi":"10.1186/s12348-026-00579-w","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12348-026-00579-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>PURPOSE: To analyze the clinical features of ocular surface diseases caused by Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection. METHODS: A retrospective case series study was conducted. Data from 48 patients (54 eyes) with EBV infection who visited Peking University Third Hospital between January 2023 and October 2025 were collected. Patient demographics and baseline information were recorded. Ophthalmic slit-lamp examination, ocular surface (conjunctiva/cornea) scrapings, bacterial culture of ocular secretions, real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR detection, EBV-specific antibody testing, and metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS) were performed. RESULTS: Among patients infected with EBV on the ocular surface, the majority were middle-aged individuals in the 31–40 age group. The primary risk factors for onset were keeping pets (10/48), followed by colds (6/48); among those keeping pets, parrots were the most common (5/9). The main clinical manifestations were foreign body sensation (37/54) and yellow discharge (34/54). Common signs included mixed conjunctival hyperemia (31/54), follicles on the lower eyelid conjunctiva (17/54), papillae on the upper eyelid conjunctiva (8/54), and punctate epithelial defects on the cornea (17/54). In most ocular surface scrapings, small round lymphocytes were observed alongside a small number of reactive lymphocytes (44/54), which could simultaneously present with a large number of neutrophils (36/54). There was a significant difference between the presence of yellow discharge and the type of conjunctival hyperemia [Formula: see text]. However, no statistically significant correlation was found between the presence of yellow discharge and the presence of neutrophils in the scraping results [Formula: see text]. Significant differences were found in EBV viral loads among different groups of combined symptoms [Formula: see text] and among different follicle groups [Formula: see text]. No statistically significant correlation was found between the lymphocyte count in the scraping and the EBV viral load in the affected eye [Formula: see text]. CONCLUSION: EBV infection of the ocular surface is prone to concurrent infections; therefore, a detailed medical history inquiry is crucial. Ocular surface tissue scraping examination can rapidly identify viral infection-related inflammatory characteristics and rule out bacterial/fungal infections, providing effective supportive auxiliary diagnostic evidence for viral ocular surface infection, and precise diagnosis of EBV infection needs to be achieved in combination with molecular biological and serological tests. </p>","PeriodicalId":16600,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Ophthalmic Inflammation and Infection","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13168383/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147592847","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Necrotizing scleritis resistant to biologics successfully managed with the JAK inhibitor upadacitinib: a case report.","authors":"Tomoyuki Oyama, Shunsaku Nakai, Kenji Miyao, Masaya Imazeki, Masaru Takeuchi","doi":"10.1186/s12348-026-00580-3","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12348-026-00580-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>BACKGROUND: Necrotizing scleritis is a rare but severe ocular inflammatory disorder, frequently associated with systemic autoimmune diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Although biologic agents targeting cytokines such as TNF-α and IL-6 have improved disease outcomes, some patients remain refractory to these treatments. We describe a case of necrotizing scleritis resistant to multiple biologic agents that responded favorably to the Janus kinase (JAK) inhibitor upadacitinib. CASE PRESENTATION: A 43-year-old woman with rheumatoid arthritis presented with bilateral conjunctival injection and left ocular pain. Despite systemic corticosteroid therapy (30 mg/day) and switching between biologics, ocular inflammation and scleral thinning continued to progress. Consequently, oral administration of the selective JAK1 inhibitor upadacitinib (15 mg/day) was initiated. Two months after treatment, ocular pain and redness resolved completely, with marked regression of nodular inflammation and stabilization of scleral thinning. Systemic corticosteroids were successfully tapered to 5 mg/day, and the patient remained relapse-free for six months without any adverse events. CONCLUSION: Upadacitinib, through selective inhibition of the JAK-STAT signaling pathway, provided rapid and sustained control of inflammation in a case of necrotizing scleritis unresponsive to biologic agents. Although this observation suggests that JAK inhibitors may represent a potential therapeutic option for refractory ocular inflammation, further studies are required to clarify their long-term efficacy and safety in patients with scleritis. </p>","PeriodicalId":16600,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Ophthalmic Inflammation and Infection","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13156378/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147574393","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Periocular necrotizing fasciitis following surgical site infection in aesthetic rhinoplasty: a report of two cases.","authors":"Amirhossein Aghajani, Mohammad Taher Rajabi, Amin Zand, Zohreh Nozarian, Alireza Beikmarzehei, Elahe Havashki, Seyed Mohsen Rafizadeh","doi":"10.1186/s12348-026-00576-z","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12348-026-00576-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To report a rare presentation of periocular necrotizing fasciitis (NF) following a surgical site infection after aesthetic rhinoplasty.</p><p><strong>Case presentation: </strong>We present two otherwise healthy patients who developed periocular swelling, erythema, and pain extending to the temporal region and nasal bridge, accompanied by areas of periocular necrosis. Neither patient had a history of trauma. One patient underwent an uneventful aesthetic rhinoplasty more than one month earlier, followed by a recent postoperative nasal hump shaving performed in an outpatient setting at the surgeon's office. The second patient had a similar history of uneventful aesthetic rhinoplasty two weeks earlier. The laboratory risk indicator for necrotizing fasciitis (LRINEC) scores were 6 and 7, suggesting a high likelihood of the disease. Orbital computed tomography (CT) revealed severe preseptal soft tissue swelling extending to adjacent areas with no evidence of intraorbital involvement. A clinical diagnosis of periocular NF was established, and both patients were treated with intravenous broad-spectrum antibiotics, followed by prompt surgical debridement of necrotic tissue. Bacterial cultures revealed growth of Streptococcus viridans and Staphylococcus species. Both patients achieved complete recovery without recurrence or significant complications.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Although periocular NF is rare, a high index of suspicion is essential for early diagnosis, particularly in patients with a recent history of facial surgery or trauma. Prompt recognition and management can prevent catastrophic outcomes, including orbital involvement and vision-threatening complications.</p>","PeriodicalId":16600,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Ophthalmic Inflammation and Infection","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13144458/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147530260","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"CMV retinitis: the diagnostic challenges and long-term outcomes. The experience of tertiary eye center in Saudi Arabia.","authors":"Abdulrahman AlZaid, Abdulrahman Khan, Hassan Al-Dhibi, Moustafa S Magliyah","doi":"10.1186/s12348-026-00572-3","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12348-026-00572-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>PURPOSE: To describe the clinical features, complications, and long-term visual outcomes of cytomegalovirus (CMV) retinitis in patients presenting to a tertiary eye center. METHODS: A retrospective chart review of patients who were diagnosed with CMV retinitis between 2014 and 2024. RESULTS: Twelve eyes of 8 patients were included. Five patients (62.5%) were males and 3 (37.5%) were females. All patients were immunocompromised. Four patients (40%) were on immunosuppressive medications after renal transplantations for chronic renal failure (CRF), three patients had human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infections, and one patient had a congenital immunodeficiency disease. The baseline best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) was 0.8 ± 0.9 (Snellen = 20/125). Seven eyes (58.3%) had a hemorrhagic type of retinitis, and 5 eyes had granular retinitis (41.7%). Vitritis was found only in 2 eyes (16.7%), vasculitis was found in 3 eyes (25%), and occlusive vasculitis was found in 2 eyes (16.7%), and all of these features were present in patients who were non-HIV infected. The mean BCVA on the last visit was 0.9 ± 1.2 (Snellen = 20/160). Visual threatening complications included macular atrophy, optic disc pallor, rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD), and NVG. CONCLUSION: The clinical picture of CMV retinitis is better related to the level of immunity than the classification of HIV vs. non-HIV related. Signs of inflammatory response were absent in HIV-infected patients. </p>","PeriodicalId":16600,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Ophthalmic Inflammation and Infection","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13087059/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147433636","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}