Journal of Ophthalmic Inflammation and Infection最新文献

{"title":"Acute macular neuroretinopathy occurrence in a Behçet disease patient: a case report.","authors":"Ayman Mabchour, Moncef Ould Hamou, Simon Correa, François Willermain, Nacima Kisma","doi":"10.1186/s12348-025-00457-x","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12348-025-00457-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To report the occurrence of AMN (Acute Macular Neuroretinopathy) in a Behçet Disease (BD) patient during an active systemic inflammatory relapse and to describe the SD-OCT features of this entity.</p><p><strong>Patients and methods: </strong>Retrospective observational case report of a patient who presented with an AMN during a BD associated ocular inflammation (Saint Pierre Hospital, Brussels, Belgium). Clinical record and imaging, including infrared reflectance image (IR) and spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT), were analyzed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A 25-year-old man presented with an acute right eye scotoma due to AMN in the setting of active systemic BD. Oral corticosteroid therapy and corticosteroid sparing agents (azathioprine) were prescribed. Close observation revealed progressive lesion regression.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>In conclusion, the association between AMN and BD may occur in the context of active systemic disease, though further studies are required to better establish this link. Vigilance appears warranted during inflammatory episodes in BD, as they might contribute to such manifestations. Clinicians could consider BD as a potential differential diagnosis in patients presenting with features suggestive of AMN, and neurological involvement may merit cerebral imaging to exclude other causes. Additionally, the management of posterior uveitis in BD, if present, may benefit from timely and targeted treatment. Further investigations are necessary to refine management strategies for AMN in patients with BD.</p>","PeriodicalId":16600,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Ophthalmic Inflammation and Infection","volume":"15 1","pages":"5"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11729604/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142978986","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Infectious keratitis following photorefractive keratectomy: a 13-year study at a tertiary center.","authors":"Alireza Attar, Hossein Jamali, Julio Ortega-Usobiaga, Golnoush Mahmoudinezhad, Dagny Zhu, Mohammad Mohammadi","doi":"10.1186/s12348-025-00452-2","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12348-025-00452-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Infectious keratitis is a rare but devastating complication following photorefractive keratectomy (PRK) that may lead to visual impairment. This study assessed the clinical features, treatment strategies, and outcomes of post-PRK infectious keratitis.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This retrospective study was conducted on patients with post-PRK infectious keratitis presenting to Khalili Hospital, Shiraz, Iran, from June 2011 to March 2024. The study was conducted in two stages: the first stage assessed the incidence of post-PRK infectious keratitis among patients who underwent PRK at our center, while the second stage included all patients with post-PRK infectious keratitis, regardless of where their PRK was performed. The following data were collected: demographics, post-surgery presentation time, risk factors, culture results, treatments, follow-up duration, complications, and corrected distance visual acuity (CDVA) at admission and the last follow-up.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Forty-two patients (42 eyes) with a mean age of 28.74 years (male-to-female ratio of 1.2:1) were included. Among 38,938 PRK procedures performed at our center, the incidence of keratitis was estimated to be 0.018% (7/38,938). The odds of keratitis during the COVID-19 pandemic were 7.05 times higher (95% CI: 1.58 to 31.52, p-value = 0.015) than outside this timeframe (February 2020 to August 2023). Gram-positive bacteria were the most commonly isolated pathogens in microbiological studies, accounting for 45.2% (19/42) of cases. Early-onset infections were primarily caused by Staphylococcus aureus (9/26, 34.6%), Staphylococcus epidermidis (4/26, 15.4%), and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (4/26, 15.4%), whereas all of the cases with fungi (4/4, 100% (and Acanthamoeba (3/3, 100%) infections caused late-onset infections. All patients received broad-spectrum antibiotic therapy, followed by adjusted treatment based on microbial results. Cases developing endophthalmitis and those not responding to treatment or having non-resolving corneal scars required further interventions, such as penetrating keratoplasty and deep vitrectomy. The mean follow-up duration was 40.81 months, and 97.6% (41/42) of cases experienced CDVA improvement at follow-up.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This long-term study found a post-PRK keratitis rate of 0.018%, with gram-positive bacteria as the most common pathogens. Prompt management and regular follow-up assessments are essential for achieving satisfactory outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":16600,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Ophthalmic Inflammation and Infection","volume":"15 1","pages":"4"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11723873/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142950355","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Automated quantification of anterior chamber cells using swept-source anterior segment optical coherence tomography.","authors":"Shani Pillar, Shin Kadomoto, Keren Chen, Saitiel Sandoval Gonzalez, Nina Cherian, Joseph K Privratsky, Nicolette Zargari, Nicholas J Jackson, Giulia Corradetti, Judy L Chen, SriniVas R Sadda, Gary N Holland, Edmund Tsui","doi":"10.1186/s12348-025-00456-y","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12348-025-00456-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To validate automated counts of presumed anterior chamber (AC) cells in eyes with histories of uveitis involving the anterior segment using swept-source (SS) anterior segment optical coherence tomography (AS-OCT) against manual counts and compare automated counts against Standardized Uveitis Nomenclature (SUN) criteria.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Eyes were imaged with the ANTERION SS AS-OCT device (Heidelberg Engineering). A fully automated custom algorithm quantified the number of hyper-reflective foci (HRF) in line-scan images. Automated and manual counts were compared using interclass correlation (ICC) and Pearson correlation coefficient. Automated counts were compared to SUN grades using a mixed-effects linear regression model.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>90 eyes (54 participants) were included; 67 eyes (41 participants) had histories of uveitis, while 23 eyes (13 healthy participants) served as controls. ICC comparing automated to manual counts was 0.99 and the Pearson correlation coefficient was 0.98. Eyes at each SUN grade with corresponding median HRF (interquartile range [IQR]) were: Grade 0, 42 eyes, 2 HRF (0,4); 0.5+, 10 eyes, 10 HRF (8,15); 1+, 9 eyes, 22 HRF (15,33); 2+, 3 eyes, 27 HRF; 3+, 2 eyes, 128 HRF; 4+, 1 eye, 474 HRF. For every 1-step increase in grade, automated count increased by 38 (p < 0.001) or 293% (Pearson correlation coefficient 0.80, p < 0.001). Automated counts differed significantly between clinically inactive eyes (2 HRF [0,4]) and controls (0 HRF [0,1], p = 0.02).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Our algorithm accurately counts HRF when compared to manual counts, with strong correlation to SUN clinical grades. SS AS-OCT offers the advantage of imaging of the entire AC and may allow detection of subclinical inflammation in eyes that appear clinically inactive.</p>","PeriodicalId":16600,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Ophthalmic Inflammation and Infection","volume":"15 1","pages":"3"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11717729/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142950352","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clinical and bacteriological characteristics of Corynebacterium keratitis.","authors":"Hidenori Inoue, Koji Toriyama, Shinobu Murakami, Hitoshi Miyamoto, Wakako Ikegawa, Yuki Takezawa, Yuri Sakane, Yuko Hara, Atsushi Shiraishi","doi":"10.1186/s12348-025-00451-3","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12348-025-00451-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Corynebacterium species are commensals of human skin and mucous membranes and are recognized as important pathogens in ocular infections. This study investigated the clinical characteristics of Corynebacterium keratitis.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We retrospectively reviewed cases of bacterial keratitis in which Corynebacterium species were solely isolated from corneal scraping cultures collected at Ehime University Hospital between January 2010 and February 2024. The clinical findings of Corynebacterium keratitis were divided into two types: adherent and infiltrative, which are defined as adhesion to the corneal surface or stromal infiltration, respectively.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of the 232 culture-positive cases of bacterial keratitis, 23 (9.9%) were positive for Corynebacterium species alone. The mean patient age was 60.1 ± 21.0 years, and the cohort included 12 males and 11 females. Adherent type was found in 13 patients (56.5%) and infiltrative type was observed in 10 patients (43.5%). Fluoroquinolone eye drops were used by 14 (60.9%) patients and steroid eye drops by 12 (52.2%). Corynebacterium macginleyi was the most commonly identified species (85.7%). 91% of Corynebacterium isolates were resistant to fluoroquinolones. All of C. macginleyi isolates were fluoroquinolone-resistant, and 93.3% of the isolates were highly resistant (minimal inhibitory concentrations > 32 µg/mL). All cases were treated with frequent antimicrobial eye drops, mainly cephalosporins, and the mean treatment duration was 21.6 days. Although no patient required therapeutic keratoplasty, five adherent types required multiple therapeutic debridements to physically remove the bacteria.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Corynebacterium keratitis presented as adherent and infiltrative types of lesions. The main characteristics of the patient included the use of fluoroquinolone and steroid eye drops.</p>","PeriodicalId":16600,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Ophthalmic Inflammation and Infection","volume":"15 1","pages":"2"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11711437/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142950353","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correction: Fluocinolone acetonide 0.2 µg/day intravitreal implant in non-infectious uveitis affecting the posterior segment: EU expert user panel consensus-based clinical recommendations.","authors":"Uwe Pleyer, Carlos Pavesio, Elisabetta Miserocchi, Carsten Heinz, Helen Devonport, Víctor Llorenç, Tomás Burke, Vanda Nogueira, Laurent Kodjikian, Bahram Bodaghi","doi":"10.1186/s12348-024-00450-w","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12348-024-00450-w","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":16600,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Ophthalmic Inflammation and Infection","volume":"15 1","pages":"1"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11711418/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142950354","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Preliminary exploration of metagenomic sequencing for pathogenic identification in infectious uveitis.","authors":"Jinxia Yu, Yane Gao, Hongsheng Bi, Youhua Zhang, Kai Tang, Dadong Guo, Xiaofeng Xie","doi":"10.1186/s12348-024-00449-3","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12348-024-00449-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To evaluate the advantages and clinical utility of metagenomic sequencing (MGS) in diagnosing infectious uveitis pathogens.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A retrospective study was conducted on 20 infectious uveitis patients (20 eyes) who received treatments at the Affiliated Eye Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine from May 2020 to February 2021. Anterior aqueous humor of the patients was collected and analyzed using MGS. Then, pathogenic microorganisms that cause uveitis were identified through bioinformatic analyses based on the sequencing data of MGS. Finally, the pathogens identified by MGS were verified using both enzyme-linked immune sorbent assay (ELISA) and quantitative PCR (qPCR).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>MGS was used to detect viral pathogens in four patients, bacterial pathogens in two patients, and viral and bacterial pathogens in one patient. Among these seven subjects, five were verified by either ELISA or qPCR.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>MGS holds significant value and promising potential in diagnosing infectious uveitis pathogens. However, it cannot completely replace the traditional diagnostic techniques and still needs to be integrated with conventional methods to enhance the sensitivity and specificity of pathogen detection. As a pioneering technology, MGS will advance the field of pathogen diagnosis in infectious uveitis.</p>","PeriodicalId":16600,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Ophthalmic Inflammation and Infection","volume":"14 1","pages":"70"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11688260/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142909685","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bilateral primary vitreoretinal lymphoma masquerading as fungal endophthalmitis- a case report.","authors":"Manisha Agarwal, Alankrita Muralidhar, Tanya Jain, Prashant Katre, Arpan Gandhi, Priyanka Gupta, Charu Gupta, Shishir Narain","doi":"10.1186/s12348-024-00426-w","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12348-024-00426-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To report a case of bilateral primary vitreoretinal lymphoma (PVRL) masquerading as endophthalmitis in a patient with a history of bilateral cataract surgery and COVID-19.</p><p><strong>Observation: </strong>A 60-year-old male patient presented with diminution of vision in both the eyes. There was a history of bilateral cataract surgery done 2 months back at a gap of one week and COVID-19 infection treated with high dose systemic corticosteroids. Patient presented with dense vitritis with yellowish sub-retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) deposits in both the eyes six weeks after cataract surgery. It was clinically suspected to be endophthalmitis. Diagnostic vitrectomy was done in both the eyes and vitreous sample was negative on microbiological and cytological examination. Multimodal imaging along with sub retinal biopsy helped in confirming the diagnosis. Management was done using multiple intravitreal methotrexate injections and remission was achieved.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Vitritis with sub-RPE yellowish deposits may be mistaken for infectious endophthalmitis specially in a patient with a history of intraocular surgery or immunosuppression. PVRL is a great masquerader and is to be kept in mind while diagnosing a middle-aged patient with infectious or non-infectious uveitis.</p>","PeriodicalId":16600,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Ophthalmic Inflammation and Infection","volume":"14 1","pages":"69"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11683031/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142909684","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A rare case of Stenotrophomonas maltophilia endogenous endophthalmitis in pediatric age group.","authors":"Tanya Jain, Alankrita Muralidhar, Arpan Gandhi","doi":"10.1186/s12348-024-00431-z","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12348-024-00431-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>We report a unique case of Stenotrophomonas maltophilia-related pediatric endogenous endophthalmitis.</p><p><strong>Case presentation: </strong>A 10-year-old male presented with redness and loss of vision in his right eye for two weeks. Clinical examination and ultrasound features were suggestive of endophthalmitis, most likely endogenous due to the absence of a history of trauma or intraocular intervention. Following vitrectomy and appropriate intravitreal antibiotics, the vision improved to 20/80. Vitreous culture revealed a gram-negative bacillus Stenotrophomonas maltophilia.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Timely recognition of this pathogen and management as per antibiotic sensitivity can help salvage functional vision in this condition.</p>","PeriodicalId":16600,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Ophthalmic Inflammation and Infection","volume":"14 1","pages":"68"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-12-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11680509/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142895526","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Rapid, multiplex and automated detection of bacteria and fungi in endophthalmitis via a microfluidic real-time pcr system.","authors":"Siyu Wang, Yiteng Liu, Yingqi Li, Yibo Gao, Zhongliang Zou, Na Xu, Qi Song, Fangyan Liu, Yihong Song, Xian Wang, Zixin Fan","doi":"10.1186/s12348-024-00446-6","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12348-024-00446-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Endophthalmitis is an ophthalmologic emergency requiring accurate and rapid diagnosis for treatment. Currently, the diagnosis commonly relies on culture and molecular biology, which falls short of clinical rapid diagnosis. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the feasibility of a self-build Microfluidic Real-time Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR) System for rapidly identifying potential pathogens of endophthalmitis.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study included 22 patients who presented to Shenzhen Eye Hospital and the Ophthalmology Department of the Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University in China between January 2023 and March 2024. The samples were cultured using conventional methods and underwent Microfluidic RT-PCR and metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The Microfluidic RT-PCR System identified pathogens in 11 of 22 cases (50.00%), compared with 40.91% for microbiology culture. 14 cases (63.64%) had concordant results, and 5 cases were positive for the microfluidic system only. The agreements between culture and microfluidic system, as well as culture and mNGS were 100.00% (6/6) and 50.00% (3/6), respectively. The average waiting time for the microfluidic system was about 30 min if excepting DNA extraction time, which was much shorter than 2.88 days for culture and 1.57 days for mNGS.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The microfluidic-based RT-PCR system was preliminarily proved to be a sensitive, easy-to-operate, and rapid in-hospital technology. It is expected to become a rapid diagnostic platform for endophthalmitis.</p>","PeriodicalId":16600,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Ophthalmic Inflammation and Infection","volume":"14 1","pages":"64"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-12-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11655742/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142853899","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Demography in Swiss paediatric uveitis: a retrospective cohort study.","authors":"Jeanne Martine Gunzinger, Alice Kitay, Fabio Meier, Christian Böni, Seraina Palmer Sarott, Brigitte Simonsz-Tóth, Christina Gerth-Kahlert","doi":"10.1186/s12348-024-00448-4","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12348-024-00448-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Paediatric uveitis is a rare disease. It can affect any segment and have various etiologies, including infectious, autoimmune, and masquerade diseases. The pupose of this study is to analyse and present the demographic data in paediatric uveitis in a Swiss cohort. Knowledge of local demography may guide targeted work up and treatment.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Single center retrospective study from January 2012 to June 2022. Patients under 18 years of age with uveitis were eligible for inclusion. Demographics (age at first presentation, sex), ocular signs (affected eye segment, laterality, visual acuity; VA, Snellen, decimal, clinical course), and systemic finding were analysed. Frequencies and descriptive statistics were computed, non-parametric tests and odds ratio were applied for sample comparisons. Local ethics committee approved this study.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Data from 93 of 133 identified patients were available. 51% were female, mean age at first presentation was 12 years, 60% had bilateral disease. 68% were of non-infectious etiology. Most common identified etiology was toxoplasmosis (20%), followed by JIA (8%) and herpetic (8%). No associated infectious cause or systemic disease was found in 44% of the cases. Most presented with anterior uveitis (50%), followed by posterior (28%), intermediate (20%), and panuveitis (2%). 80% of anterior uveitis were non-infectious; 81% of posterior uveitis were infectious. Bilateral disease was strongly associated with non-infectious uveitis (93%), whereas unilateral disease was more likely to be of an infectious cause (70%); odds ratio = 31. Mean VA of affected eyes at first presentation was 0.79. VA was significantly worse in cases with infectious uveitis compared to non-infectious uveitis (p = 0.007). Nearly a third of affected eyes showed at least one complication. This did not differ between in non-infectious and infectious uveitis cases.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Bilateral disease is strongly suggestive of non-infectious uveitis. Unilateral and posterior disease is suggestive of an infectious cause, with toxoplasmosis being the most often diagnosed cause of uveitis in this cohort. Knowledge of demography is important for specialists to target workup and introduce treatment.</p>","PeriodicalId":16600,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Ophthalmic Inflammation and Infection","volume":"14 1","pages":"65"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-12-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11655922/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142853302","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}