{"title":"New Sight for Old: Commentary On the Use of Pilocarpine for Presbyopia.","authors":"Cameron F Parsa","doi":"10.18502/jovr.v19i4.17786","DOIUrl":"10.18502/jovr.v19i4.17786","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":16586,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Ophthalmic & Vision Research","volume":"19 4","pages":"392-396"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11795007/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143364520","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Serum Oxidative Stress-related Biomarkers in Ocular Hypertension and Glaucoma.","authors":"Mine Esen Baris, Onur Furundaoturan, Meltem Kocamanoğlu, Seray Şahin, Yasemin Akçay, Suzan Güven Yılmaz","doi":"10.18502/jovr.v19i4.15011","DOIUrl":"10.18502/jovr.v19i4.15011","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To evaluate the serum levels of oxidative stress-related molecules in patients with ocular hypertension (OHT) and primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) compared with healthy controls.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Treatment-naive patients with no known systemic diseases and with OHTand POAG diagnosis were recruited for the study. Also, age- and gender-matched healthy volunteers with no ocular and systemic diseases were included as controls. None of the participants were under any topical or systemic treatment or vitamin/antioxidant supplements. Smokers were excluded from the study. Serum levels of total antioxidant capacity (TAC), ascorbic acid, protein carbonyls (PCs), advanced glycation end products (AGEs), neuronal pentraxin 2 (NPTX2), and <math><mi>β</mi></math> -amyloid precursor protein(A <math><mi>β</mi></math> ) were analyzed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 90 patients (30 in each group) were included in the study. There was no statistically significant difference between the study groups in terms of age and gender distribution. Serum levels of TAC (1.47 <math><mo>±</mo></math> 0.11 mmole/L) were significantly higher in patients with OHT compared to controls (1.40 <math><mo>±</mo></math> 0.11 mmole/L) and patients with POAG (1.30 <math><mo>±</mo></math> 0.08 mmole/L) (<i>P</i> <math><mo><</mo></math> 0.05). However, there was no significant difference between the study groups in terms of serum levels of ascorbic acid, PCs, AGEs, NPTX2, and A <math><mi>β</mi></math> .</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Serum levels of TAC were significantly higher in patients with OHT. This elevated level might contribute to the protection of the optic nerve even in the presence of increased intraocular pressure.</p>","PeriodicalId":16586,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Ophthalmic & Vision Research","volume":"19 4","pages":"433-439"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11795014/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143364940","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Sequential Serous Choroidal Detachment in Subjects Undergoing Bilateral Trabeculectomy.","authors":"Maryam Yadgari, Kiana Hassanpour, Fatemeh Vafaei, Nina Firoozian, Maryam Oraee Yazdani, Zahra Khorrami, Sadid Hooshmandi","doi":"10.18502/jovr.v19i4.13881","DOIUrl":"10.18502/jovr.v19i4.13881","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>This study aims to assess the incidence of serous choroidal detachment (SCD) in the second eye of patients undergoing bilateral trabeculectomy (BT) and evaluate its impact on the clinical outcomes and failure rate of trabeculectomy in the second-operated eyes.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This retrospective case-control study analyzed 90 eyes of 45 patients who underwent BT. Surgical success was defined as maintaining intraocular pressure (IOP) between 5 and 21 mmHg, requiring no additional glaucoma surgery, and exhibiting a visual acuity of at least light perception. Relevant patient data, such as age, glaucoma type, systemic diseases, preoperative and postoperative IOP, and complications, were extracted from medical records.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The mean age of patients was 59.8 <math><mo>±</mo></math> 11.1 years. The five-year cumulative probability of success in the first- and second-operated eyes was 61.0% and 67.6%, respectively (log rank = 0.085, <i>P</i> = 0.77). Among the participants, 28.9% experienced SCD, and 76.9% of those who had SCD in the first-operated eye developed the same condition in the second eye as well (<i>P</i> <math><mo><</mo></math> 0.001). In the first-operated eyes, the five-year cumulative probability of survival was 71.7% without SCD and 35.0% with SCD (log rank = 2.59, <i>P</i> = 0.107).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The occurrence of SCD in the first eye following trabeculectomy may indicate a predisposition to its development in the second eye during BT. Furthermore, the surgical success rate of the second-operated eye is comparable to the outcomes of the first eye undergoing BT.</p>","PeriodicalId":16586,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Ophthalmic & Vision Research","volume":"19 4","pages":"421-432"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11795004/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143364931","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Effect of Collagen Cross-linking on Rigid Gas Permeable Contact Lens Comfort in Keratoconus.","authors":"Sharafat Javaheri, Mahmood Nejabat, Asieh Ehsaei, Sahar Mohaghegh, Zahra Tajbakhsh","doi":"10.18502/jovr.v19i4.10891","DOIUrl":"10.18502/jovr.v19i4.10891","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To compare rigid gas permeable (RGP) contact lens comfort in patients with keratoconus who underwent corneal cross-linking (CXL) versus those without CXL surgery.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This prospective study was carried out on 41 eyes (25 patients). Specifically, 21 eyes were assigned to the CXL group and 20 eyes to the non-CXL group. All of the patients were fitted with RGP lenses. The patients were also assessed one and three months after the initial RGP fitting. They were asked to grade themselves on a scale from 1 to 4 according to the frequency and intensity of ocular discomfort, vision fluctuation, and overall comfort with RGP lenses.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The mean age of participants was 24.5 <math><mo>±</mo></math> 3.20 years. There was no significant difference in the intensity of fluctuations in vision (<i>P</i> = 0.30), frequency of discomfort (<i>P</i> = 0.29), and intensity of discomfort (<i>P</i> = 0.31) between the two groups during the one- and three-month follow-up interviews.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Based on the current study, there is no significant disparity in self-reported discomfort with RGP contact lenses between patients with keratoconus who have undergone corneal CXL and those who have not.</p>","PeriodicalId":16586,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Ophthalmic & Vision Research","volume":"19 4","pages":"405-412"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11795010/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143364464","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Choroidal and Retinal OCTA Parameters after Scleral Buckling.","authors":"Siamak Moradian, Mahmoud Dehghan, Morteza Borandeh Seifi, Mohsen Dastmardi, Fatemeh Suri","doi":"10.18502/jovr.v19i4.14432","DOIUrl":"10.18502/jovr.v19i4.14432","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To evaluate choroidal structure and vasculature in eyes following scleral buckling (SB) for rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD) compared with fellow eyes and control eyes.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This retrospective observational study was performed on 84 eyes: 32 eyes in the study group consisting of patients who had undergone SB due to RRD, 32 fellow eyes of the same patients, and 20 normal control eyes. Choroidal structures and optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) parameters were measured and compared among the three study groups.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In the study group, the mean total choroidal area (0.6816 <math><mo>±</mo></math> 0.03188 mm<sup>2</sup>) was comparable to the fellow eyes (0.7199 <math><mo>±</mo></math> 0.03056 mm<sup>2</sup>) and the control group (0.7154 <math><mo>±</mo></math> 0.17160 mm<sup>2</sup>). Mean outer luminal area was significantly lower in the study group (0.4089 <math><mo>±</mo></math> 0.00442 mm<sup>2</sup>) than in the fellow eyes (0.4437 <math><mo>±</mo></math> 0.00701 mm<sup>2</sup>) and the control group (0.4475 <math><mo>±</mo></math> 0.00442 mm<sup>2</sup>) (<i>P</i> = 0.042, and 0.047, respectively). The choroidal vascularity index (CVI) and OCTA parameters were not significantly different in eyes with prior SB compared to the fellow eyes and the control group.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>SB does not significantly affect CVI, choroidal vasculature, and OCTA parameters.</p>","PeriodicalId":16586,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Ophthalmic & Vision Research","volume":"19 4","pages":"440-448"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11795003/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143364541","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Three Inferior Oblique Weakening Procedures for Management of Mild Hypertropia in Unilateral Superior Oblique Muscle Palsy.","authors":"Hajar Farvardin, Fatemeh Ebrahimi, Mohammadreza Talebnejad, Hadi Farvardin, Alireza Attar, Majid Farvardin","doi":"10.18502/jovr.v19i4.14394","DOIUrl":"10.18502/jovr.v19i4.14394","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To investigate the surgical outcomes of three different types of inferior oblique muscle weakening procedures in patients with mild hypertropia due to unilateral superior oblique muscle palsy.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We reviewed surgical data of patients aged <math><mo>></mo></math> 30 years with unilateral superior oblique palsy. The patients were categorized into three groups in terms of the surgical procedure: inferior oblique myectomy (IOM), inferior oblique recession (IOR), and inferior oblique disinsertion (IOD). Patients with preoperative hypertropia of 6 to 10 prism diopters (PD) were selected as mild cases for further comparison. Demographic data, preoperative and postoperative deviations in the primary position, contralateral gaze, contralateral elevation gaze, and ipsilateral tilt were considered for analysis. Complete success was defined as achieving postoperative orthotropia in addition to the resolution of diplopia and head tilt.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 82 patients with an average age of 11.8 years were included in this study. The male-to-female ratio was 1.27, and the most common cause of palsy was congenital (89%). Fifty-six patients were treated with IOM, thirteen with IOR, and thirteen with IOD. The mean hypertropia correction was significantly better in the IOM group (9.1 PD) than in the IOR (7.1 PD) and IOD (7.5 PD) groups. Complete success was achieved in 80.3% of the IOM group, 69.2% of the IOR group, and 84.6% of the IOD group. The reoperation rate was 1.7% in the IOM group and 7.6% in the IOR group.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Compared to IOR and IOD procedures, IOM was more effective in correcting hypertropia in patients with inferior oblique muscle overaction and mild hypertropia secondary to unilateral superior oblique palsy.</p>","PeriodicalId":16586,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Ophthalmic & Vision Research","volume":"19 4","pages":"459-467"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11795008/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143364944","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Carolina Tn Susanna, C Gustavo De Moraes, Paula Alhadeff, Bianca Tn Susanna, Fernanda Tn Susanna, Renato Antunes Schiave Germano, Remo Susanna
{"title":"Reproducibility of the Time of Intraocular Pressure Peaks During Water-drinking Test in Patients Treated for Open-angle Glaucoma.","authors":"Carolina Tn Susanna, C Gustavo De Moraes, Paula Alhadeff, Bianca Tn Susanna, Fernanda Tn Susanna, Renato Antunes Schiave Germano, Remo Susanna","doi":"10.18502/jovr.v19i4.14982","DOIUrl":"10.18502/jovr.v19i4.14982","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To evaluate the reproducibility and intra-eye similarity of the intraocular pressure (IOP) peaks induced by the water drinking test (WDT) in treated glaucoma patients.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This prospective cohort study evaluated 99 patients (198 eyes) who were treated for primary open-angle glaucoma. All patients underwent WDT in two consecutive visits with no change in their current therapy. The interval between the tests was 4 four to six months. The tests were administered at a similar time (4:00 PM <math><mo>±</mo></math> 1 hour). The reproducibility of the time of the IOP peaks and the correlation between the peak time of both eyes during the two consecutive WDT sessions were assessed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of all IOP peaks, 59.6% and 71.7% occurred at the same time during the two WDT sessions in the right and left eyes, respectively. In the first and second WDT sessions, the agreements in IOP peak time between the right and left eyes were 60% and 63%, respectively.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The IOP peak time between the two consecutive WDT sessions was moderately reproducible, and there was a moderate agreement in the peak time between the two eyes. In light of these findings, clinicians should avoid performing simplified versions of WDT to evaluate IOP peaks.</p>","PeriodicalId":16586,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Ophthalmic & Vision Research","volume":"19 4","pages":"413-420"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11795013/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143364746","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Retinal Artery Occlusion: A Review of Current Management Practices.","authors":"Hannah J Yu, Sophia Choi, Rodney Guiseppi, Touka Banaee","doi":"10.18502/jovr.v19i4.16559","DOIUrl":"10.18502/jovr.v19i4.16559","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Retinal artery occlusion (RAO) is a well-characterized ischemic ophthalmic event that may result in sudden and devastating vision loss. The etiology of RAO may vary including both arteritic and non-arteritic causes and the location of the lesion can extend from the ophthalmic artery to the branches of the central retinal artery. Given this variable causes of RAO, the clinical presentation and extent of vision loss may also differ from case to case, necessitating a prompt and thorough evaluation, including a full stroke work up. While there is currently no widely accepted standard for the treatment of RAO, there are several proposed methods that have been or are currently being investigated through retrospective studies and prospective trials. The current article aims to provide a review of the pathophysiology, clinical presentation, and management of RAO in addition to presenting a systematic review of recently published studies on treatment options for RAO.</p>","PeriodicalId":16586,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Ophthalmic & Vision Research","volume":"19 4","pages":"488-507"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11795002/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143364803","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Recent Nanotechnological Trends in the Management of Microbial Keratitis.","authors":"Shraddha Jaiswal, Prabhavati Shinde, Vidya Tale","doi":"10.18502/jovr.v19i4.14498","DOIUrl":"10.18502/jovr.v19i4.14498","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Microbial keratitis (MK) is a sight-threatening ocular disease that needs rapid diagnosis and treatment to prevent more serious outcomes. The broad-spectrum topical antimicrobial treatment is currently the main pharmacological approach for MK management, yet its efficacy is increasingly challenged by evolving antimicrobial resistance, including multidrug resistance. Also, the ocular surface presents numerous challenges for standard topical drug delivery. The failure and ineffectiveness of current therapies have necessitated the development of novel therapeutic strategies to manage MK. With advances in nanotechnology in the biomedical field, various nanomaterials can be employed to control MK. The primary determinants of nanoparticles' vast range of applications are their size, surface properties, and chemical makeup, which also happen to be the same elements that give rise to their poisonous and dangerous effects. In this study, we provide a perspective on the contact lens-associated corneal illnesses such as MK and explore how nanotechnology might help address this significant clinical issue. In addition, safety and toxicological concerns about the increasingly widespread use of contact lenses are also discussed.</p>","PeriodicalId":16586,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Ophthalmic & Vision Research","volume":"19 4","pages":"476-487"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11795005/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143364745","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Saccade Dynamics in the Acute and Recovery Phase of Abducens Nerve Palsy.","authors":"Elissavet Kemanetzoglou, Klio Chatzistefanou, Nikolaos Smyrnis, Evangelia Kararizou, Evangelos Anagnostou","doi":"10.18502/jovr.v19i4.14429","DOIUrl":"10.18502/jovr.v19i4.14429","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To examine the natural adaptive course of ocular motor system in unilateral abducens nerve palsy while addressing the scarce literature on saccade dynamics and natural adaptation.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Binocular horizontal eye movements were recorded from 18 healthy adults and 21 adults with unilateral abducens nerve palsy during the acute and chronic phases. Dynamics of the paretic and non-paretic eyes were compared, and the non-paretic eye dynamics were correlated with the respective prism diopters. Non-parametric tests were used for statistical comparisons.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The paretic eye, compared to the non-paretic eye, presented a slightly lower saccadic gain and velocity/amplitude ratio and a higher duration/amplitude ratio. The non-paretic eye, compared to healthy controls, showed consistent amplitude gain ( <math><mo>></mo></math> 1) and a tendency for a higher duration/amplitude ratio. In the acute phase, when the non-paretic eye was covered, the paretic eye's amplitude ratio was lower and the duration/amplitude ratio decreased significantly. In the acute phase, a greater degree of esotropia in the paretic eye was associated with a lower amplitude gain and duration/amplitude ratio in the non-paretic eye.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>During adaptation in abducens nerve palsy, the saccade duration of the paretic eye increased, and a similar tendency was observed in the non-paretic eye. This finding likely reflects a change in the \"pulse-step\" pattern and may be related to plastic changes in central structures, such as the cerebellum, that support learning processes.</p>","PeriodicalId":16586,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Ophthalmic & Vision Research","volume":"19 4","pages":"449-458"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11795006/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143364912","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}