Journal of Ophthalmic & Vision Research最新文献

{"title":"Management of Spherophakia- or Microspherophakia-associated Mild to Moderate Glaucoma with Lensectomy, Anterior Vitrectomy, and Iris-Claw Intraocular Lens Implantation.","authors":"Aidin Meshksar, Masoumeh Masoumpour, Mohammad Hossein Nowroozzadeh, Reza Razeghinejad","doi":"10.18502/jovr.v21.17682","DOIUrl":"10.18502/jovr.v21.17682","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To report the outcomes of lensectomy, anterior vitrectomy, and iris-claw lens implantation in patients with spherophakia- or microspherophakia-related glaucoma.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In this retrospective case series, we focused on patients with isolated microspherophakia or microspherophakia associated with various syndromes and mild to moderate angle-closure glaucoma who had undergone lensectomy, anterior vitrectomy, and iris-claw lens implantation.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We analyzed a total of 12 eyes of 6 patients with a mean age of 19 <math><mo>±</mo></math> 6 years and a mean postoperative follow-up of 66 <math><mo>±</mo></math> 12 months. All patients had lenticular myopia, and the mean refraction improved from <math><mo>-</mo></math> 7.26 <math><mo>±</mo></math> 0.67 diopters (D) to <math><mo>-</mo></math> 1.18 <math><mo>±</mo></math> 1.04 D after surgery. The mean corrected visual acuity improved from 0.92 <math><mo>±</mo></math> 0.57 logMAR before surgery to 0.17 <math><mo>±</mo></math> 0.15 logMAR at the last follow-up (<i>P</i> = 0.001). The mean intraocular pressure (IOP) decreased from 21.2 <math><mo>±</mo></math> 3.9 mmHg on 1.9 <math><mo>±</mo></math> 0.7 anti-glaucoma medications at baseline to 15.0 <math><mo>±</mo></math> 1.5 mmHg (<i>P</i> = 0.006) on 0.8 <math><mo>±</mo></math> 0.7 medications (<i>P</i> = 0.006) at the last follow-up.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Lensectomy and iris-claw lens implantation in our cases not only decreased the IOP and reduced the number of glaucoma medications, but also improved the best-corrected visual acuity. Removal of the abnormally shaped lens likely contributed to these changes.</p>","PeriodicalId":16586,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Ophthalmic & Vision Research","volume":"21 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2026-01-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12828235/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146052537","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Urbanization Inequalities on the Incidence of Intraocular Cancers in Iran: An 11-Year Nationwide Retrospective Ecological Study.","authors":"Sare Safi, Zahra Khorrami, Mohadese Ahmadzade, Mohammad Esmaeil Akbari, Hamidreza Rouientan, Seyed Mohammadmehdi Moshtaghion, Mohammad Abolhosseini, Mozhgan Rezaei Kanavi, Saeed Karimi","doi":"10.18502/jovr.v20.16500","DOIUrl":"10.18502/jovr.v20.16500","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To report the relationship between urbanization and the incidence of intraocular cancers in Iran.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In this retrospective ecological study, data were extracted from the Statistical Center of Iran, the Meteorological Organization, and the Iranian National Population-based Cancer Registry (INPCR, 2006-2016). The urbanization index (UI) was calculated using principal component analysis, and weighted multiple linear regression was used to assess the relationship between the UI and the age-standardized incidence rate (ASIR) of intraocular cancers.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Six hundred and fifty-four intraocular cancer cases with a gender ratio (male-to-female) of 1:13 were recorded. The mean total 11-year ASIR of intraocular cancers was 0.093 per 100,000 population. The mean ASIR showed a decrease of 0.051 per 100,000 from 2006 to 2016 (<i>P</i> = 0.022). Retinoblastoma (66.1%) and uveal melanoma (24.6%) were the most commonly diagnosed intraocular cancers, and their ASIR declined between 2006 and 2016. Once adjusted for environmental pollutants, an increase in the area-based UI was significantly associated with lower total ASIR of intraocular cancers in males ( <math><mi>β</mi></math> = -0.14).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Urbanization was associated with a reduction in ASIR of intraocular cancers, which can be attributed to improved access to eye care facilities for timely diagnosis. However, given that the INPCR cases were verified only by histology, future research should be conducted on hospital-based registries using multiple data sources to address confounders and exposure factors and prevent underestimation of incidence rates.</p>","PeriodicalId":16586,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Ophthalmic & Vision Research","volume":"20 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2026-01-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12826603/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146052539","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Retinal and Choroidal Metastasis from a Lung Carcinoid Tumor.","authors":"Corrina P Azarcon, Caroline M Craven, Jill R Wells","doi":"10.18502/jovr.v20.17830","DOIUrl":"10.18502/jovr.v20.17830","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":16586,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Ophthalmic & Vision Research","volume":"20 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12728302/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145833928","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Effect of Tinted Filters on the Visual Function of Patients with Retinitis Pigmentosa.","authors":"Alireza Riazifar, Ali Mirzajani, Hassan Hashemi, Alireza Jamali, Mehdi Khabazkhoob, Razieh Bahreini, Abbasali Yekta, Ebrahim Jafarzadehpur","doi":"10.18502/jovr.v20.17489","DOIUrl":"10.18502/jovr.v20.17489","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To investigate the effect of tinted filters on contrast threshold (CT) and visual evoked potentials (VEPs) in patients with retinitis pigmentosa (RP).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In this cross-sectional study, RP patients with best corrected visual acuity better than 1 log MAR were evaluated. The CT was measured using the Freiburg Acuity and Contrast Test, and pattern reversals were analyzed for both time and frequency components. The effects of gray (15% light transmission, 410 nm cutoff), brown (18% light transmission, 410 nm cutoff), and yellow (27% light transmission with a 470 nm cutoff) tinted filters were evaluated and compared.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Eighteen participants (mean age 32.78 <math><mo>±</mo></math> 7.35 years; 72.2% male) were evaluated. The mean CT of Weber was 3.46 <math><mo>±</mo></math> 3.2%. Yellow filters decreased CT (mean difference [MD]: -0.597%, <i>P</i> = 0.054). Brown filters did not produce a significant change in the CT (MD: 0.233%, <i>P</i> = 0.620), while the gray filters caused a significant increase in the CT (MD: 1.423%, <i>P</i> = 0.004). Mode frequency (Fmod) decreased with gray filters (MD: -2.33%, <i>P</i> = 0.004). The latency and amplitude of VEPs improved with yellow filters (<i>P</i> <math><mo><</mo></math> 0.05) but worsened with gray filters (<i>P</i> <math><mo><</mo></math> 0.05). Additionally, the spherical equivalent showed an inverse correlation with CT in patients with RP (<i>r</i> = -0.997, <i>P</i> <math><mo><</mo></math> 0.001).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Using tinted filters as a low-vision aid can modify contrast sensitivity and both frequency and time domains of VEPs in patients with RP. Yellow filters appear to improve visual function, whereas gray filters may worsen it.</p>","PeriodicalId":16586,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Ophthalmic & Vision Research","volume":"20 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12728303/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145833954","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association Between Preoperative Negative Emotional States and Eye Movement During Photorefractive Keratectomy.","authors":"Hesam Hashemian, Hooman Ahmadzadeh, Alireza Razavi, Hassan Asadignadomani, Zahra Montazeriani, Sogol Olamazadeh, Mehdi Khodaparast","doi":"10.18502/jovr.v20.17300","DOIUrl":"10.18502/jovr.v20.17300","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To describe the link between negative emotions-depression, anxiety, and stress-and eye movement during photorefractive keratectomy (PRK).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This comparative case series was conducted on 53 PRK candidates and involved completing the Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale (DASS-21) before surgery. Eye movement, measured as the radial distance between the pupil and laser center during each shot, was analyzed. Average distance indicated centralization accuracy, while standard deviation (SD) indicated precision. Stress, depression, anxiety, and their relationship with eye movement during PRK were studied.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The mean and SD of eye movements were not significantly correlated with depression, anxiety, stress, or the total DASS-21 score. A weak negative correlation was observed between the preoperative spherical equivalent (SE) and stress (<i>r</i> = -0.305, <i>P</i> = 0.004), anxiety (<i>r</i> = -0.401, <i>P</i> <math><mo><</mo></math> 0.001), and total DASS-21 scores (<i>r</i> = -0.324, <i>P</i> = 0.002). Lastly, a weak positive correlation was found between ablation time and the SD of eye movement (<i>r</i> = 0.473, <i>P</i> <math><mo><</mo></math> 0.001).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The DASS-21 questionnaire showed no link between negative emotions and eye movement. Additionally, longer ablation times correlated with greater SD of eye movement.</p>","PeriodicalId":16586,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Ophthalmic & Vision Research","volume":"20 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-12-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12784427/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145952244","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Influence of Ocular and Systemic Variables on Intraocular Pressure Change Following Phacoemulsification in Non-Glaucomatous Eyes.","authors":"Ashley H Yaskanich, Wei Fang, Ibrahim Elwarfalli, Joel R Palko","doi":"10.18502/jovr.v20.17557","DOIUrl":"10.18502/jovr.v20.17557","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To evaluate the influence of preoperative ocular and systemic variables on intraocular pressure (IOP) change following phacoemulsification cataract extraction with intraocular lens (CEIOL) implantation in eyes without glaucoma.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This retrospective cohort study included adults who underwent standalone CEIOL at a single academic center between 2017 and 2020. Preoperative demographic, ocular, and systemic health data were extracted from electronic health records using an informatics-based approach and validated by chart review. Eyes with glaucoma or other preoperative ocular conditions known to affect IOP were excluded. Postoperative IOP data were collected for up to 2 years and censored at the time of any subsequent diagnosis or treatment likely to influence IOP. A linear mixed-effects model was used to assess associations between IOP change and preoperative ocular (e.g., IOP, axial length, central corneal thickness) and systemic variables (e.g., diabetes, body mass index [BMI], smoking status), accounting for inter-eye correlation.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 1992 eyes from 1755 patients were included. Higher preoperative IOP ( <math><mi>β</mi></math> = -0.563, <i>P</i> <math><mo><</mo></math> 0.001) and female gender ( <math><mi>β</mi></math> = -0.229, <i>P</i> = 0.005) predicted greater postoperative IOP reduction. Longer axial length ( <math><mi>β</mi></math> = 0.201, <i>P</i> <math><mo><</mo></math> 0.001), diabetes mellitus ( <math><mi>β</mi></math> = 0.291, <i>P</i> = 0.019), thicker cornea ( <math><mi>β</mi></math> = 0.008, <i>P</i> <math><mo><</mo></math> 0.001), and higher BMI ( <math><mi>β</mi></math> = 0.022, <i>P</i> = 0.005) were associated with a relative increase in postoperative IOP.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Both ocular and systemic variables significantly influenced postoperative IOP change following CEIOL in non-glaucomatous eyes. Understanding these associations may improve clinical decision-making and help tailor IOP-related counseling for patients undergoing cataract surgery.</p>","PeriodicalId":16586,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Ophthalmic & Vision Research","volume":"20 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-12-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12703104/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145768354","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association Between Glaucoma and Mental Health Disorders Based on a Large National Database.","authors":"Mohammad Delsoz, Hina Raja, Zain S Hussain, Vahid Mohammad Zadeh, Muhammad Elahi, Jesse Wesberry, Brian Jerkins, Claire Wright, Elliott Kanner, Siamak Yousefi","doi":"10.18502/jovr.v20.17535","DOIUrl":"10.18502/jovr.v20.17535","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To investigate the association between glaucoma and various mental health disorders and to examine whether there were indications of effect measure modification of this association in Black compared to Non-Black populations.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The study included 65,140 individuals from the Medical Expenditure Panel Survey database, with an in-depth focus on 15,016 patients suffering from glaucoma or specific mental health disorders. We included patients aged 18 and above diagnosed with glaucoma or specific mental health disorders based on International Classification of Diseases codes from 2017 to 2020.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Out of the 65,140 patients, 1492, 6359, 5756, 786, and 209 were diagnosed with glaucoma, anxiety, major depressive disorder (MDD), bipolar disorder, and schizophrenia, respectively. Of the 1492 glaucoma patients, 196 (13.2%) were diagnosed with anxiety, 183 (12.2%) with MDD, 20 (1.3%) with bipolar, and 15 (1%) with schizophrenia. The unadjusted OR (95% CI) was calculated for the association between glaucoma and anxiety (OR = 1.36 [1.17-1.58]) <i>P</i> <math><mo><</mo></math> 0.001), glaucoma and MDD (OR = 1.4 [1.20-164], <i>P</i> <math><mo><</mo></math> 0.001), glaucoma and bipolar (OR = 1.08 [0.69-1.6], <i>P</i> = 0.71), and glaucoma and schizophrenia and (OR = 3.08 [1.82-5.21], <i>P</i> <math><mo><</mo></math> 0.001). After adjustment for confounding factors, the association between glaucoma and anxiety, glaucoma and MDD, and glaucoma and schizophrenia remained statistically significant. Furthermore, for this association after interaction analysis, the interaction term of glaucoma and race with MDD (OR = 1.02 [0.6-1.5], <i>P</i> = 0.9), anxiety (OR = 0.64 [0.39-1], <i>P</i> = 0.069), and schizophrenia (OR = 2.8 [0.9-8.6], <i>P</i> = 0.9) didn't yield a significant evidence of effect measure modifications in Black compared to Non-Black groups after Bonferroni correction.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>There was a statistically significant association between glaucoma and MDD, anxiety, and schizophrenia. However, for this association, there was no significant evidence of effect measure modifications in Black compared to Non-Black populations.</p>","PeriodicalId":16586,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Ophthalmic & Vision Research","volume":"20 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-12-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12784428/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145952295","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Intraocular Lymphoma: A Review.","authors":"Saeed Karimi, Kimia Daneshvar","doi":"10.18502/jovr.v20.17181","DOIUrl":"10.18502/jovr.v20.17181","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Intraocular lymphoma (IOL) is a rare form of non-Hodgkin lymphoma that primarily presents in two distinct types. The first type, known as primary intraocular lymphoma (PIOL), is mainly recognized as a subtype of primary central nervous system lymphoma (PCNSL). Recent classifications have emphasized the primary ocular sites affected, with vitreoretinal lymphoma emerging as the most common variant linked to PCNSL. Despite its rarity, the incidence of PIOL is rising among both immunocompromised and immunocompetent populations. Most cases of PIOL are identified as diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, although rare T-cell variants have also been reported. Secondary intraocular lymphoma (SIOL) originates from metastatic spread of non-CNS lymphomas to the ocular structures, including the retina, uvea, vitreous body, Bruch's membrane, and optic nerve. Diagnosis of IOL is challenging for ophthalmologists and pathologists, as it can easily mimic other ocular conditions. Advancements in laboratory diagnostics, such as immunocytochemistry, flow cytometry, and the evaluation of interleukin ratios (specifically IL-10:IL-6 <math><mo>></mo></math> 1), along with polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification for clonality, have enhanced diagnostic accuracy. Multimodal imaging approaches and molecular analyses can serve as valuable indicators of visual prognosis, recurrence rates, and the likelihood of progression to central nervous system involvement. Given that misdiagnosis or delayed diagnosis can result in serious treatment delays and potentially life-threatening outcomes for patients with IOL, this review seeks to provide a comprehensive understanding of the clinical manifestations of IOL and the diagnostic methods employed.</p>","PeriodicalId":16586,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Ophthalmic & Vision Research","volume":"20 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-12-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12703111/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145768338","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Systemic Immune-Inflammation Index and Unconjugated Bilirubin Levels Are Associated with Pseudoexfoliation Syndrome.","authors":"Rafiye Nur Abay, Zeynep Katipoğlu","doi":"10.18502/jovr.v20.17022","DOIUrl":"10.18502/jovr.v20.17022","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To evaluate the systemic immune-inflammation index (SII) and unconjugated bilirubin levels in patients with pseudoexfoliation syndrome (PEX) and compare them with those of healthy individuals (controls).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The PEX group (<i>n</i> = 48) and the control group (<i>n</i> = 88) were retrospectively evaluated. The results of ophthalmic examinations and routine laboratory parameters were analyzed, and the SII was calculated as follows: SII = platelet count <math><mo>×</mo></math> (neutrophil/lymphocyte).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) (<i>P</i> = 0.04) and SII (<i>P</i> = 0.03) were higher, and unconjugated bilirubin levels (<i>P</i> = 0.03) were significantly lower in the PEX group than in the control group. Univariate regression analysis showed that the unconjugated bilirubin levels (OR = 0.26; 95% CI, 0.07 to 0.95; <i>P</i> = 0.04) and SII (OR = 1.01; 95% CI, 1.00 to 1.01; <i>P</i> = 0.04) were correlated with PEX. Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that the correlation between bilirubin levels (OR = 0.02; CI, 0.01 to 0.25; <i>P</i> = 0.002) and SII (OR = 1.01; CI, 1.00 to 1.02; <i>P</i> = 0.001) remained statistically significant when adjusted for age, gender, and Charlson comorbidity index score.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>High SII and low bilirubin values in patients with PEX were found to be correlated.</p>","PeriodicalId":16586,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Ophthalmic & Vision Research","volume":"20 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-12-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12703105/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145768392","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Effect of Wearing an N95 Face Mask on Intraocular Pressure.","authors":"Naveed Nilforushan, Farhad Najafzadeh, Samira Chai Bakhsh, Masoume Sharfinejad","doi":"10.18502/jovr.v20.16584","DOIUrl":"10.18502/jovr.v20.16584","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To evaluate the effect of wearing an N95 mask on intraocular pressure.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This cross-sectional study enrolled 34 medical staff volunteers. After baseline eye examinations, all participants were asked to wear an N95 mask for 1 hour. Then, O <math><msub><mrow></mrow> <mn>2</mn></msub> </math> saturation, pulse rate, and blood pressure were evaluated, and sequential IOP measurements were performed using both iCare and Goldmann applanation tonometers. All measurements were taken again 1 hour after the mask was removed. Finally, all information was collected for statistical analysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 34 participants (68 eyes) with a mean <math><mo>±</mo></math> SD age of 38.97 (12.41) years were included. The mean value of IOP/GAT increased significantly by 1.20 mmHg after wearing the mask (12.50 to 13.70 mmHg, <i>P</i>-value <math><mo><</mo></math> 0.001) and then decreased significantly by 1.27 mmHg after removing the mask (13.70 to 12.43 mmHg, <i>P</i>-value <math><mo><</mo></math> 0.001). The mean O <math><msub><mrow></mrow> <mn>2</mn></msub> </math> saturation increased significantly from 96.4 with the mask to 97.05 after mask removal (<i>P</i>-value <math><mo><</mo></math> 0.001). Although the mean pulse rate decreased by about 1.5 units after removing the mask, the difference was not significant. The mean blood pressure decreased after removing the mask; however, the change was not statistically significant. Additionally, no significant relationship was found between the change in IOP and O <math><msub><mrow></mrow> <mn>2</mn></msub> </math> saturation.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The use of N95 face masks could substantially increase IOP and reduce O <math><msub><mrow></mrow> <mn>2</mn></msub> </math> saturation.</p>","PeriodicalId":16586,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Ophthalmic & Vision Research","volume":"20 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-12-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12703106/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145767955","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}