Journal of Ophthalmic & Vision Research最新文献

{"title":"Immune Checkpoints and Graves' Disease, Thyroid Eye Disease, and Orbital Myopathy: A Comprehensive Review.","authors":"Zahra Souri, Farzad Pakdel","doi":"10.18502/jovr.v19i3.15047","DOIUrl":"10.18502/jovr.v19i3.15047","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Immune checkpoints (ICPs) are essential regulators of the immune system, ensuring a delicate balance between self-tolerance and autoimmune responses. ICP therapy is a rapidly growing cancer treatment strategy that inhibits the interaction between ICPs and their ligands. This biological interaction increases the ability of the immune system in combating cancer. However, in some cases, the use of these agents may lead to immune hyperactivity and, subsequently, autoimmune diseases. Graves' disease (GD), thyroid eye disease (TED), and orbital myopathy are complex autoimmune disorders characterized by the production of autoantibodies. The emergence of these treatment-related adverse events underscore the critical need for a deeper understanding of the immune-checkpoint axis in autoimmune diseases. In this review article, we provide a comprehensive survey of the biological mechanisms of ICPs that are most frequently targeted in cancer therapy, including CTLA-4, PD-1, PDL-1, and LAG3. Furthermore, we investigate the latest scientific findings on the adverse events associated with the inhibition of these ICPs. This paper will particularly focus on the potential risks these complications pose to ocular and orbital tissues, which are a concern in the context of cancer treatment.</p>","PeriodicalId":16586,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Ophthalmic & Vision Research","volume":"19 3","pages":"368-380"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11443990/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142365537","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Late Metastasis in Conjunctival Adenosquamous Carcinoma.","authors":"Hassan Lami, Sarrvesa Hari Vijay Singh, Svetlana Cherepanoff, J Males","doi":"10.18502/jovr.v19i3.10084","DOIUrl":"10.18502/jovr.v19i3.10084","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To present a rare case of metastatic conjunctival adenosquamous carcinoma (ASC) in the context of limited literature on the prognosis of ASC and suggested follow-up and surveillance.</p><p><strong>Case report: </strong>We report a case of conjunctival ASC that metastasized to cervical lymph nodes five years after histological confirmation of complete local excision.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Long-term clinical follow-up and surveillance imaging are warranted to allow early detection of disease recurrence and/or metastasis.</p>","PeriodicalId":16586,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Ophthalmic & Vision Research","volume":"19 3","pages":"381-385"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11443998/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142365541","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clinical Manifestations and Outcomes of Ocular Graft Versus Host Disease following Allogeneic Stem Cell Transplantation.","authors":"Vijay Shetty, Priyanka Kashelkar, Sachin Punatar, Suhas Haldipurkar, Abhishek Hoshing, Rasika Thakur, Prachi Sankhe, Shabnam Tanwar, Tanvi Haldipurkar, Maninder Singh Setia, Anant Gokarn, Lingaraj Nayak, Avinash Bonda, Navin Khattry","doi":"10.18502/jovr.v19i3.13095","DOIUrl":"10.18502/jovr.v19i3.13095","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To evaluate clinical presentation of chronic ocular graft-versus-host disease (GVHD), laterality of presentation, and longitudinal changes in patients undergoing allogeneic stem cell transplantation.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This is a retrospective longitudinal analysis of 60 eyes from 30 patients who had undergone hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Demographic characteristics, clinical history, comorbidities, and other organ involvements were taken into account for analysis. We also undertook complete evaluation of the eyes, including cornea and anterior segment, posterior segment, Schirmer test, tear break-up time, ocular surface disease index, and intraocular pressure.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The mean age of the patients was 34.3 <math><mi>±</mi></math> 11 years. The mean time for the diagnosis of ocular GVHD was 232.8 days (95% CI: 153.6, 311.9). The common findings at the first visit were bilateral blepharitis (<i>n</i> = 5, 17%), meibomitis (<i>n</i> = 4, 13%), and conjunctival congestion (<i>n</i> = 3, 10%). While bilateral cataract was present in one (3%) patient at the first visit, at 18 months, five (17%) patients had bilateral cataract and one (3%) patient had unilateral cataract. Grade 1 (<i>n</i> = 17), grade 2 (<i>n</i> = 9), and grade 3 (<i>n</i> = 4) superficial punctate epithelial erosions (SPEEs) were also observed at the first visit. However, SPEEs were seen in only 11 eyes at 18 months; all of these cases were grade 1 SPEEs. Long-term findings included cataract, telangiectasia, blepharospasm, conjunctival congestion, grade 1 SPEEs, corneal filaments, and tear film debris.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Although the initial presentations were SPEEs, meibomitis, blepharitis, and conjunctival congestion, these inflammatory conditions were reduced over time with proper management. However, there was an increase in the proportion of patients with cataract. It is important to regularly monitor these patients in order to identify and manage the initial as well as the late ocular manifestations of chronic GVHD.</p>","PeriodicalId":16586,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Ophthalmic & Vision Research","volume":"19 3","pages":"284-296"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11443995/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142365497","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clinical Outcomes of Stage 2 (Pivotal) Use of a Modified Keratoprosthesis Device (ORC-KPro) in Patients with End-stage Corneal Blindness.","authors":"Saeed Rahmani, Farid Karimian, Kiana Hassanpour, Mohammad-Reza Jafarinasab, Sepehr Feizi, Sare Safi, Mohammad Ali Javadi","doi":"10.18502/jovr.v19i3.13307","DOIUrl":"10.18502/jovr.v19i3.13307","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To investigate the short-term results and performance of a modified Boston keratoprosthesis device manufactured by the Ophthalmic Research Center (ORC-KPro) in patients with end-stage corneal blindness.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This prospective interventional case series was conducted on patients with corneal blindness who were candidates for KPro. The inclusion criterion comprised patients with a best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) of less than 20/200 in both eyes, in whom the main reason for vision loss was corneal pathology. The ORC-KPro was implanted using the method previously described for Boston KPro.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>This study focused on 12 eyes of 12 patients with an average age of 45.9 <math><mo>±</mo></math> 16.8 (range, 19 to 70) years. Eleven patients were male. The KPro indication was corneal blindness due to chemical burns in nine patients (75%) and failure of multiple previous corneal grafts in three patients (25%). Anatomical success was achieved in all patients. The preoperative BCVA was light perception (LP) in 10 eyes and hand motion in 1 eye. Except for one patient who was diagnosed with grade C proliferative vitreoretinopathy during the surgery, the vision of all other patients (91.6%) improved after surgery. The retroprosthetic membrane (RPM) was formed in two eyes (18.1%) after six months. Of the 12 patients, 10 (83.3%) were under treatment with two antiglaucoma medications before surgery. The intraocular pressure of three eyes (25%) was estimated to be high by tactile palpation; however, it decreased in two eyes to the acceptable range. One patient underwent retinal surgery due to total retinal detachment, and two patients (16.7%) underwent vitrectomy due to endophthalmitis.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The current study showed that, in the short term, the use of ORC-KPro achieved favorable anatomical success in patients with corneal blindness. However, the functional success rate was limited by the low visual potential due to advanced glaucoma in most patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":16586,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Ophthalmic & Vision Research","volume":"19 3","pages":"297-305"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11444000/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142365534","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigating Optic Nerve Sheath Diameter in Prone Position Spinal Surgery Patients: A Pilot Study.","authors":"Aneesh Rahangdale, Elise Fernandez, Douglas S Weinberg, David Fleischman","doi":"10.18502/jovr.v19i3.13863","DOIUrl":"10.18502/jovr.v19i3.13863","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>This study aimed to evaluate the effect of intraoperative positioning and ocular immobility on the amount of cerebrospinal fluid around the optic nerve in patients undergoing prone spinal surgery by measuring the optic nerve sheath diameter (ONSD) using ultrasound.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Consecutive participants (<i>n</i> = 15 patients, 30 eyes) were scanned preoperatively, intraoperatively approximately 20 minutes before the end of the surgery, and postoperatively in the post-anesthesia care unit at least 10 min after the completion of the surgery at one academic hospital.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>On average, patients who underwent prone spinal surgery had a 21% increase in ONSD intraoperatively, with a positive time-dependent relationship with the overall length of surgery (<i>P</i> <math><mo><</mo></math> 0.001). ONSDs postoperatively returned to baseline and were not significantly different from preoperative measurements.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Our findings suggest pooling and inadequate clearance of perioptic cerebrospinal fluid during prone spinal surgery that improves following termination of the procedure and return of the patient to an upright position.</p>","PeriodicalId":16586,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Ophthalmic & Vision Research","volume":"19 3","pages":"347-353"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11443991/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142365539","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Application of Artificial Intelligence in Ophthalmology: An Updated Comprehensive Review.","authors":"Hesam Hashemian, Tunde Peto, Renato Ambrósio, Imre Lengyel, Rahele Kafieh, Ahmed Muhammed Noori, Masoud Khorrami-Nejad","doi":"10.18502/jovr.v19i3.15893","DOIUrl":"10.18502/jovr.v19i3.15893","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Artificial intelligence (AI) holds immense promise for transforming ophthalmic care through automated screening, precision diagnostics, and optimized treatment planning. This paper reviews recent advances and challenges in applying AI techniques such as machine learning and deep learning to major eye diseases. In diabetic retinopathy, AI algorithms analyze retinal images to accurately identify lesions, which helps clinicians in ophthalmology practice. Systems like IDx-DR (IDx Technologies Inc, USA) are FDA-approved for autonomous detection of referable diabetic retinopathy. For glaucoma, deep learning models assess optic nerve head morphology in fundus photographs to detect damage. In age-related macular degeneration, AI can quantify drusen and diagnose disease severity from both color fundus and optical coherence tomography images. AI has also been used in screening for retinopathy of prematurity, keratoconus, and dry eye disease. Beyond screening, AI can aid treatment decisions by forecasting disease progression and anti-VEGF response. However, potential limitations such as the quality and diversity of training data, lack of rigorous clinical validation, and challenges in regulatory approval and clinician trust must be addressed for the widespread adoption of AI. Two other significant hurdles include the integration of AI into existing clinical workflows and ensuring transparency in AI decision-making processes. With continued research to address these limitations, AI promises to enable earlier diagnosis, optimized resource allocation, personalized treatment, and improved patient outcomes. Besides, synergistic human-AI systems could set a new standard for evidence-based, precise ophthalmic care.</p>","PeriodicalId":16586,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Ophthalmic & Vision Research","volume":"19 3","pages":"354-367"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11444002/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142365496","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Keratoprosthesis Surgery: Evolution and Global Adaptations.","authors":"Mohammad Soleimani, Ali R Djalilian","doi":"10.18502/jovr.v19i3.17132","DOIUrl":"10.18502/jovr.v19i3.17132","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":16586,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Ophthalmic & Vision Research","volume":"19 3","pages":"271-272"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11444001/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142365540","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Intravenous Tranexamic Acid for Control of Bleeding during External Dacryocystorhinostomy under General Anesthesia: A Randomized Clinical Trial.","authors":"Mohammad Sharifi, Mohammad Yaser Kiarudi, Samaneh Gholamhoseinpour-Omran, Mohammad Alipour, Elham Bakhtiari","doi":"10.18502/jovr.v19i3.13947","DOIUrl":"10.18502/jovr.v19i3.13947","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To investigate the effect of intravenous tranexamic acid administered prior to external dacryocystorhinostomy (DCR) surgery to decrease intraoperative bleeding under general anesthesia.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This was a double-blinded randomized placebo-controlled trial. A total of 70 patients (35 intervention and 35 control) with nasolacrimal duct obstruction (NLDO) who were selected for DCR surgery between September 2021 and September 2022 were included. After clinical examinations and laboratory tests, patients were randomly classified into intervention and control groups. The intervention group received 10 mg/kg intravenous tranexamic acid to a maximum dose of 1 gr 30 minutes before the surgery. Controls received normal saline solution as a placebo. The amount of intraoperative bleeding and surgical time were compared between the two groups.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The intervention group included 21 men (60%) and 14 women (40%), while the control group included 19 men (54.3%) and 16 women (45.7%). The mean ages of the participants were 55.46 <math><mo>±</mo></math> 10.8 years and 58.06 <math><mo>±</mo></math> 11.28 years in the intervention and control groups, respectively. A significant difference was observed between the two groups in the surgical time analysis (control group: 37.74 <math><mo>±</mo></math> 9.52 minutes vs intervention: 26.03 <math><mo>±</mo></math> 10.5 minutes; P <math><mo><</mo></math> 0.001). Additionally, there was a significant difference in the bleeding volume between the intervention (70.66 <math><mo>±</mo></math> 48.19 ml) and control (47.74 <math><mo>±</mo></math> 60 ml) groups (P <math><mo><</mo></math> 0.001).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Intravenous tranexamic acid administration before the DCR procedure can successfully control bleeding during the surgery.</p>","PeriodicalId":16586,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Ophthalmic & Vision Research","volume":"19 3","pages":"340-346"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11443996/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142365538","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Elevated Smooth Pursuit Gain in Collegiate Athletes with Sport-related Concussion Immediately Following Injury.","authors":"Madison R Taylor, Marian Berryhill, Dennis Mathew, Nicholas G Murray","doi":"10.18502/jovr.v19i2.12348","DOIUrl":"10.18502/jovr.v19i2.12348","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Although there is evidence that sport-related concussion (SRC) affects oculomotor function and perceptual ability, experiments are often poorly controlled and are not replicable. This study aims to test the hypothesis that there are decreased values when assessing oculomotor impairment indicating poorer performance in SRC patients.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Fifteen DI athletes presenting with SRC (7 females, 8 males) and 15 student volunteers (CON) (12 females, 3 males) completed a dynamic visual acuity (DVA) task that involved answering the direction of a moving stimulus (Landolt C) while wearing a head-mounted binocular eye tracker. There were 120 trials total with 60 trials presenting at 30º per second and 60 presenting at 90º per second. Various eye movement measurements, including horizontal smooth pursuit eye movements (SPEM) gain and saccadic peak velocity, were analyzed between groups using univariate ANOVAs. Saccade count in SPEM trials, accuracy, and vision were analyzed using Kruskal-Wallis tests.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>There was no statistical difference in saccadic peak velocity: SRC = 414.7 <math><mo>±</mo></math> 42º/s, CON = 406.6 <math><mo>±</mo></math> 40.6º/s. A significant difference was found between SRC patients and healthy controls in horizontal SPEM gain (SRC = 0.9 <math><mo>±</mo></math> 0.04, CON = 0.86 <math><mo>±</mo></math> 0.03, F(1,28) = 7.243, <i>P</i> = 0.012) indicating that patients demonstrated compensatory eye movements when tracking the target. There were significantly more saccades in all SPEM trials (<i>P</i> = 0.001).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>SRCoculomotor deficits manifest as elevated horizontal SPEM gain when assessed within 48 hours of injury and compared to healthy controls within the same age range<b>.</b> SRC demonstrates altered oculomotor ability. While accurate in tracking a stimulus, SRC patients may conduct less controlled eye movements.</p>","PeriodicalId":16586,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Ophthalmic & Vision Research","volume":"19 2","pages":"227-234"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-06-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11267136/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141759224","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Mystification of Multifocal IOLs Needs Unfolding.","authors":"Mehran Zarei-Ghanavati, Christopher Liu","doi":"10.18502/jovr.v19i2.16427","DOIUrl":"10.18502/jovr.v19i2.16427","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":16586,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Ophthalmic & Vision Research","volume":"19 2","pages":"142-143"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-06-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11267133/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141759298","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}