Journal of Ophthalmic & Vision Research最新文献

{"title":"Factors Affecting Visual Outcome After Traumatic Cataract Surgery in a Tertiary Hospital in Ahvaz, Iran.","authors":"Mahmoodreza Panahibazzaz, Hani Saber Moghadam, Nasrin Masihpour, Farshad Ostadian, Elham Farhadi, Maryam Adabi, Sadid Hooshmandi","doi":"10.18502/jovr.v21.18169","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18502/jovr.v21.18169","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Ocular trauma represents a considerable etiological factor for unilateral blindness, especially in developing countries. This research was conducted to examine the determinants influencing visual acuity after surgical intervention for traumatic cataracts.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This retrospective study investigated individuals diagnosed with traumatic cataract who were referred and subsequently underwent surgical intervention in a tertiary hospital in Ahvaz, Iran, from June 2013 to October 2023. All patients were contacted, and a thorough ophthalmological evaluation was performed for each person. Visual acuity was assessed utilizing a range of techniques, including central, steady, maintained (CSM) fixation, LEA symbols, Teller acuity cards, and the Snellen chart. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 25.0, and a <i>P</i>-value <math><mo><</mo></math> 0.05 was considered statistically significant.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 64 eyes from 64 patients were included. The mean age was 25.5 <math><mo>±</mo></math> 22.0 years, and 71.9% were male. Open globe injuries accounted for 75% of cases, most (38%) of which were caused by sharp metal objects. Seventeen patients (26.6%) were under 7 years of age. Significant factors associated with final visual acuity included age (<i>P</i> = 0.021), injury type (<i>P</i> = 0.025), vitreous prolapse (<i>P</i> = 0.012), and size of rupture (<i>r</i> = 0.327, <i>P</i> = 0.024). Younger patients and those without vitreous prolapse had better visual outcomes.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Age, injury type, vitreous involvement, and wound size were the main predictors of final visual acuity after traumatic cataract surgery. Comprehensive evaluation and timely surgical management may improve visual prognosis.</p>","PeriodicalId":16586,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Ophthalmic & Vision Research","volume":"21 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2026-07-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13474185/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148758893","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Photochemical-Tissue Bonding Toward a More Effective Strategy for Corneal Epithelial Healing after Alkali Burn.","authors":"Salwa Abdelkawi, Shaimaa Mohammad, Dina Fouad, Mona Ebrahim, Aziza Ahmed","doi":"10.18502/jovr.v21.18256","DOIUrl":"10.18502/jovr.v21.18256","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>This study evaluated the effectiveness of amniotic membrane photochemical-tissue bonding (AMPTB) versus amniotic membrane grafting (AMG) on treating corneal alkali burns in a rabbit model.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Thirty-six albino rabbits with induced corneal alkali burns were divided into three groups: (a) untreated ulcer group (<i>n</i> = 12), (b) AMPTB group (<i>n</i> = 12), where the amniotic membrane (AM) was attached to the cornea using 532-nm light and Rose Bengal dye, and (c) AMG group (<i>n</i> = 12), in which the AM was secured using cyanoacrylate glue. The area, perimeter, and integrated density of the corneal ulcer were assessed using digital photographs analyzed with ImageJ software, alongside histological evaluation.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The AMPTB group experienced significant reductions in corneal ulcer area ( <math><mo>-</mo></math> 73.4%, <math><mo>-</mo></math> 79.8%, and <math><mo>-</mo></math> 89.3%), perimeter ( <math><mo>-</mo></math> 48.5%, <math><mo>-</mo></math> 54.0%, and <math><mo>-</mo></math> 67.2%), and integrated density ( <math><mo>-</mo></math> 81.2%, <math><mo>-</mo></math> 85.1%, and <math><mo>-</mo></math> 96.8%) after 1 day, 1 week, and 2 weeks, respectively. In comparison, the AMG group showed reductions in ulcer area ( <math><mo>-</mo></math> 65.2%, <math><mo>-</mo></math> 67.5%, and <math><mo>-</mo></math> 87.7%), perimeter ( <math><mo>-</mo></math> 35.5%, <math><mo>-</mo></math> 40.9%, and <math><mo>-</mo></math> 52.7%), and integrated density ( <math><mo>-</mo></math> 72.4%, <math><mo>-</mo></math> 69.5%, and <math><mo>-</mo></math> 94.7%). Additionally, histological analysis demonstrated earlier re-epithelialization of the cornea in the AMPTB group compared to the AMG group.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The findings suggest that AMPTB promotes more rapid healing of the corneal epithelium and significant reductions in ulcer area, perimeter, and integrated density compared to AMG. AMPTB may, therefore, represent a promising alternative to AMG for the management of corneal alkali burns.</p>","PeriodicalId":16586,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Ophthalmic & Vision Research","volume":"21 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2026-07-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13494275/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148794434","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparison of Clinical Outcomes Between Femtosecond Laser-assisted Cataract Surgery and Phacoemulsification in Patients with Diabetes: A Systematic Review.","authors":"Luksanaporn Krungkraipetch, Nattawat Asawaworarit, Rosepon Asawaworarit, Pakaphan Dinchuthai","doi":"10.18502/jovr.v21.18209","DOIUrl":"10.18502/jovr.v21.18209","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This article systematically review and compare the efficacy and safety of femtosecond laser-assisted cataract surgery (FLACS) and traditional phacoemulsification (PE) in patients with diabetes. A systematic search was conducted in Scopus, PubMed, Cochrane Library, and Google Scholar from inception to December 2024. Studies comparing FLACS with PE in patients with diabetes were included. The primary outcomes were central corneal thickness (CCT) and endothelial cell density (ECD), while the secondary outcomes included effective phaco time (EPT), surgical complications, and visual outcomes. The Cochrane Risk of Bias Tool 2.0 was used to assess quality in randomized controlled trials (RCTs), ROBINS-I for cohort studies, and the Newcastle-Ottawa scale for retrospective studies. Six studies involving 345 eyes met the inclusion criteria: one RCT, two cohort studies, one prospective study, and two retrospective studies. In the RCT, FLACS demonstrated significantly higher postoperative ECD compared to PE (mean difference: 423.55 cells/mm²; 95% CI: 199.89 to 647.21; <i>P</i> <math><mo><</mo></math> 0.001). One cohort study reported EPT values of 6.52 ± 4.93 seconds for FLACS and 5.63 ± 4.31 seconds for PE. No significant differences in CCT were observed between groups at 3 months postoperatively across multiple studies. One study reported a lower incidence of postoperative complications, including fibrin exudation, corneal edema, posterior synechiae, and pigment dispersion, in the FLACS group, although specific rates were not provided. Overall, FLACS demonstrated superior endothelial cell preservation and a favorable safety profile in patients with diabetes; however, the available evidence is limited by study heterogeneity and risk of bias. Large-scale randomized controlled trials with standardized outcome reporting are needed.</p>","PeriodicalId":16586,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Ophthalmic & Vision Research","volume":"21 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2026-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13446067/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148684844","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative Vector Analysis of Astigmatic Changes After Small-incision Lenticule Extraction versus Femtosecond Laser In -situ Keratomileusis.","authors":"Mai Hong Phan, Luong Minh Huynh, Say Kiang Foo","doi":"10.18502/jovr.v21.18010","DOIUrl":"10.18502/jovr.v21.18010","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To compare thevisual outcomes of small-incision lenticule extraction (SMILE) versus femtosecond laser in-situ keratomileusis (FS-LASIK) in eyes with myopia and high astigmatism.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This retrospective study was conducted at a tertiary eye hospital between January 2021 and December 2022. Data were collected from individuals with myopia up to <math><mo>-</mo></math> 10.00 diopters (D) and cylinder <math><mo>≥</mo></math> 2.50 D who underwent SMILE (VisuMax 500) or FS-LASIK (MEL 90) and completed a 3-month postoperative follow-up.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 170 eyes of 123 patients were included: 83 eyes (60 patients) underwent SMILE, and 87 eyes (63 patients) underwent FS-LASIK. The preoperative cylindrical refractive error was <math><mo>-</mo></math> 3.01 <math><mo>±</mo></math> 0.61 D in the SMILE group and <math><mo>-</mo></math> 3.09 <math><mo>±</mo></math> 0.66 D in the FS-LASIK group. At 3 months, there was no statistically significant difference in uncorrected visual acuity (UCVA) or manifest refraction spherical equivalent (SEQ) between the two groups (<i>P</i> = 0.26 and <i>P</i> = 0.88, respectively). In the SMILE group, 90.4% of eyes achieved an uncorrected distance visual acuity (UDVA) of 20/20 or better compared to 98.77% with a preoperative corrected distance visual acuity (CDVA) of 20/20 or better. In the FS-LASIK group, 80.46% of eyes achieved a UDVA of 20/20 or better compared to 94.25% with a preoperative CDVA of 20/20 or better. Moreover, 95.1% of eyes in the SMILE group and 94.3% in the FS-LASIK group were within <math><mo>±</mo></math> 0.50 D. Vector analysis showed comparable results between the two groups in terms of target-induced astigmatism (<i>P</i> = 0.559), difference vector (<i>P</i> = 0.155), index of success (<i>P</i> = 0.091), and angle of error (<i>P</i> = 0.89). The surgically induced astigmatism and correction index were significantly lower in the SMILE group (<i>P</i> < 0.01), whereas the absolute magnitude of error was higher in the SMILE group (<i>P</i> = 0.02).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>SMILE and FS-LASIK have comparable efficacy, predictability, and safety in correcting myopia associated with high astigmatism ( <math><mo>≥</mo></math> 2.50 D).</p>","PeriodicalId":16586,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Ophthalmic & Vision Research","volume":"21 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2026-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13430490/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148669149","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Risk Factors and Common Organisms in Bacterial Keratitis in a Tertiary Center in Iran.","authors":"Yasaman Hadi, Saba Gholamalizadeh, Leila Ghiasian, Negar Dadpour, Navid Elmi Sadr, Marjan Mazouchi","doi":"10.18502/jovr.v21.18405","DOIUrl":"10.18502/jovr.v21.18405","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>This study aimed to document the spectrum of isolated microorganisms and investigate the risk factors associated with infectious keratitis over a 12-year period at a tertiary referral center.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A retrospective analysis was conducted on the medical records of 867 patients diagnosed with infectious keratitis between 2009 and 2021. Corneal scraping was performed for 414 patients, and all individuals received fortified empiric antibiotic eye drops. Surgical intervention was conducted for 376 patients during their hospital stay.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Trauma emerged as the most prevalent risk factor (21.9%). The main causative microorganism for corneal ulcers was found to be <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i>. <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> was the primary microorganism isolated in patients below 50 years old, whereas <i>P. aeruginosa</i> was more commonly identified in patients aged 50 and above. Tarsorrhaphy was performed on 23.6% of the patients. Additionally, other surgical procedures were undertaken in 44.6% of the cases, with tectonic graft and corneal patch graft emerging as the most frequent surgical interventions.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study underscores the importance of trauma as the leading predisposing factor and <i>P. aeruginosa</i> as the predominant microorganism isolated in cases of adult microbial corneal ulcers in Iran.</p>","PeriodicalId":16586,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Ophthalmic & Vision Research","volume":"21 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2026-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13420502/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148630590","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Antagonistic Activity of Anandamide on Tat-treated Human Astrocytes Identifies Inflammaging Pathways: Anandamide Affects Aging Pathways.","authors":"Durairaj Duraikannu, Kamini Khatak, Hemavathy Nagarajan, Sridharan Sudharshan, Nivedita Chatterjee","doi":"10.18502/jovr.v21.17666","DOIUrl":"10.18502/jovr.v21.17666","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>The endocannabinoid system can suppress inflammatory environment by regulating inflammatory mechanisms in immune and glial cells. Astrocytes secrete soluble inflammatory mediators. Prolonged activation of astrocytes is associated with accelerated aging in the central nervous system. MicroRNAs are increasingly shown to be critical gene regulators during inflammation and gliosis. In this study, we investigated the microRNA changes affected by anandamide (AEA), a dominant endocannabinoid in normal human astrocytes, following exposure to the HIV-1 Tat (Trans-activator of transcription) protein.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We performed global human microRNA profiling in Tat-activated astrocytes on exposure to AEA. To delineate the mechanism of action, we utilized the bioinformatic tools miRWalk, KEGG, and Cytoscape to assess the global microarray data for significantly impacted miRNAs and their gene targets at the mRNA level.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Tat-induced activation significantly upregulated 122 miRNAs (<i>P</i> <math><mo><</mo></math> 0.05) in astrocytes. Conversely, the addition of AEA in activated astrocytes significantly downregulated the expression of 57 miRNAs. Out of 122 miRNAs upregulated by Tat treatment, 37 miRNAs that were common to Tat and Tat+AEA cells showed reversed expression, suggesting these might be the critical miRNAs with a key role in the AEA-induced mitigation of neuroinflammation.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Reversed expression of a selected group of miRNAs identifies antagonistic pathways that promote an anti-inflammatory environment. Pathway analysis of these 37 key miRNAs showed gene targets that regulate inflammation and senescence.</p>","PeriodicalId":16586,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Ophthalmic & Vision Research","volume":"21 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2026-07-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13430489/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148670013","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Visual Blurring Following Posterior Vitreous Detachment in Fuchs Uveitis Syndrome.","authors":"Alireza Hedayatfar, Soon-Phaik Chee","doi":"10.18502/jovr.v21.18382","DOIUrl":"10.18502/jovr.v21.18382","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To describe the clinical presentation, diagnostic challenges, management, and visual outcome of acute posterior vitreous detachment (PVD) in patients with Fuchs uveitis syndrome (FUS).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This retrospective case series included consecutive patients with FUS who presented with acute PVD at a referral center from 2020 to 2024. The diagnosis of PVD was established based on fundus examination and dynamic B-scan ultrasonography findings.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Sixteen eyes of 16 patients (11 females, 5 males) with a mean age of 43 <math><mo>±</mo></math> 9.8 years were studied. All patients reported sudden blurred vision in a white, painless eye, with 43.8% noting a new onset or an increased floater. The mean best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) ranged from 20/25 to 20/200 at presentation, with an average of 0.43 logMAR. B-scan imaging revealed that following PVD, the majority of echogenic vitreous opacities were confined to the detached, shrunken vitreous body, and in some instances, accumulated within the peripheral vitreous cortex. The liquefied vitreous humor between the retina and the posterior hyaloid remained relatively echo-free. Within 3 months, spontaneous visual improvement occurred in 62.5% of patients, with mean BCVA improving from 0.310 to 0.127 logMAR. In three patients with persistent symptoms, pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) resulted in significant visual improvement, with the mean logMAR changing from 0.740 to 0.133.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Acute PVD in patients with FUS can lead to sudden blurred vision, likely due to the increased density of inflammatory cells, opacities, and condensed vitreous strands within a detached, shrunken vitreous gel. In some cases, inflammatory deposits were layering over the peripheral vitreous body, contributing further to visual disturbance. Although most eyes showed spontaneous improvement, PPV was an effective intervention for patients with persistent, intolerable symptoms.</p>","PeriodicalId":16586,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Ophthalmic & Vision Research","volume":"21 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2026-07-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13389791/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148562466","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Lamina Cribrosa Changes Following Pars Plana Vitrectomy and Silicone Oil Injection for Rhegmatogenous Retinal Detachment: A Contralateral Eye Study.","authors":"Homayoun Nikkhah, Fatemeh Foroudi Eshtahbanati, Sadid Hooshmandi, Saeed Karimi, Amir Keyvan Sazgar, Hosein Nouri, Seyed-Hossein Abtahi, Ali Forouhari","doi":"10.18502/jovr.v21.14209","DOIUrl":"10.18502/jovr.v21.14209","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To assess changes in lamina cribrosa (LC) characteristics in eyes with silicone oil (SO) due to rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This cross-sectional contralateral eye study was conducted on 49 patients with unilateral RRD who underwent pars plana vitrectomy and SO injection followed by SO removal. The contralateral eyes served as controls. The thickness and depth of LC in both eyes of the participants were evaluated using the enhanced depth imaging technique via optical coherence tomography.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The average age of the participants was 57.6 <math><mo>±</mo></math> 10.5 years, and the mean duration of postoperative SO retention was 6.4 <math><mo>±</mo></math> 1.7 months. The mean depth of LC was 347.6 <math><mo>±</mo></math> 64.3 µm in eyes with SO tamponade and 329.6 <math><mo>±</mo></math> 76.7 µm in healthy eyes (<i>P</i> = 0.232). On the other hand, the LC in eyes with SO tamponade was significantly thinner compared to that in healthy eyes (270.1 <math><mo>±</mo></math> 45.1 µm vs 303.2 <math><mo>±</mo></math> 48.6 µm; <i>P</i> <math><mo><</mo></math> 0.0001). In addition, subgroup analysis revealed that similar findings were obtained after excluding patients who had received antiglaucoma medications to manage increased intraocular pressure (IOP).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study showed that eyes with SO injection exhibit a significantly thinner LC compared to healthy eyes, with no difference in the depth of the LC between the two groups.</p>","PeriodicalId":16586,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Ophthalmic & Vision Research","volume":"21 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2026-07-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13425180/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148653955","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Probe-assisted ILM-Rhexis: A Novel Peeling Technique.","authors":"Ramin Nourinia, Seyed-Hossein Abtahi, Hosein Nouri, Amir Reza Mansouri","doi":"10.18502/jovr.v21.18171","DOIUrl":"10.18502/jovr.v21.18171","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study describes a novel technique for removing the internal limiting membrane (ILM) using a 25-G vitrectomy probe during the epiretinal membrane (ERM)/ILM double peeling procedure. After standard 3-port 25-gauge pars plana vitrectomy, ERM is removed using membrane forceps and appropriate staining. An incidental ILM flap may occur while washing out the ILM-specific dye with the vitrectomy probe. To prevent this, we suggest not withdrawing the vitrectomy probe, but instead applying proximal and tangential aspiration force over the ILM flap, which may be extended and peeled off by gentle probe maneuvers along the retinal surface. The technique is described in three cases, with details, and shown in a video. This approach has several advantages. It may reduce the number of entries into the posterior segment during pars plana vitrectomy, preventing inadvertent retinal breaks. Furthermore, in cases with fragile ILMs that are hard to elongate with forceps, the active aspiration force of the vitrectomy probe might rapidly extend and form large flaps. We suggest applying this technique in scenarios involving ERM/ILM double peeling and double staining, where an incidental ILM flap is found after washing out the ILM-specific dye.</p>","PeriodicalId":16586,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Ophthalmic & Vision Research","volume":"21 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2026-06-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13294614/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148345671","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Full-thickness Macular Hole Formation and Spontaneous Closure Following Vitrectomy Surgery: A Case Report and Review of the Literature.","authors":"Alyssa C Bonnell, Marcus A Toral, Jonathan B Le, Kasra A Rezaei","doi":"10.18502/jovr.v21.18238","DOIUrl":"10.18502/jovr.v21.18238","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To report two cases of macular holes (MHs) that spontaneously formed and closed following pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) and summarize the literature.</p><p><strong>Case report: </strong>A 72-year-old man and a 67-year-old woman underwent PPV for repair of rhegmatogenous retinal detachment. Both patients developed MHs following PPV. In both cases, the holes closed without further surgical intervention. A retrospective chart review and literature review were conducted to supplement this study.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Spontaneous MH closure is possible in post-vitrectomized eyes. Small- or medium-sized MHs ( <math><mo><</mo></math> 400 µm) may be more likely to close spontaneously. Large MHs ( <math><mo>></mo></math> 400 µm) that form in the setting of vitreomacular traction (VMT) from residual posterior vitreous cortex remnants were found to close after spontaneous VMT release, often within the first month following surgery. Overall, among eyes with spontaneous closure, about two-thirds of MHs in the literature closed spontaneously within the first month following diagnosis, and 4 in 5 holes closed within 3 months. Over one-third of MHs that close spontaneously reopen later, some requiring additional surgery to achieve closure. Sustained closure was seen in this report up to 7 years following closure.</p>","PeriodicalId":16586,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Ophthalmic & Vision Research","volume":"21 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2026-06-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13269948/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148271942","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}