{"title":"Simultaneous Detection of Different MicroRNA Types Using the ZIP-Code Array System.","authors":"Sonja U Weishaupt, Steffen Rupp, Karin Lemuth","doi":"10.1155/2013/496425","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2013/496425","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are important negative regulators of gene expression. Their implication in tumorigenesis is based on their dysregulation in many human cancer diseases. Interestingly, in tumor cells, an altered ratio of precursor and mature miRNA levels has been described. Consequently, differences in miRNA type levels have a high potential as biomarkers and comparative high-throughput-based detection might permit a more accurate characterization of subtypes, especially in the case of very heterogeneous tumor entities. Several molecular methods exist for the detection of mature and precursor miRNAs. DNA microarrays are predestinated as a high-throughput method for comprehensive miRNA detection in tumors. However, the simultaneous array-based detection of both these miRNA types is limited because the mature miRNA sequence is identically present in both forms. Here we present a ZIP-code DNA microarray-based system in combination with a novel labeling approach, which enables the simultaneous detection of precursor and mature miRNAs in one single experiment. Using synthetic miRNA templates, we demonstrate the specificity of the method for the different miRNA types, as well as the detection range up to four orders of magnitude. Moreover, mature and precursor miRNAs were detected and validated in human tumor cells. </p>","PeriodicalId":16575,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nucleic Acids","volume":"2013 ","pages":"496425"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2013-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1155/2013/496425","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"31770129","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Stephanie A Fernandes, Andrew G L Douglas, Miguel A Varela, Matthew J A Wood, Yoshitsugu Aoki
{"title":"Oligonucleotide-Based Therapy for FTD/ALS Caused by the C9orf72 Repeat Expansion: A Perspective.","authors":"Stephanie A Fernandes, Andrew G L Douglas, Miguel A Varela, Matthew J A Wood, Yoshitsugu Aoki","doi":"10.1155/2013/208245","DOIUrl":"10.1155/2013/208245","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a progressive and lethal disease of motor neuron degeneration, leading to paralysis of voluntary muscles and death by respiratory failure within five years of onset. Frontotemporal dementia (FTD) is characterised by degeneration of frontal and temporal lobes, leading to changes in personality, behaviour, and language, culminating in death within 5-10 years. Both of these diseases form a clinical, pathological, and genetic continuum of diseases, and this link has become clearer recently with the discovery of a hexanucleotide repeat expansion in the C9orf72 gene that causes the FTD/ALS spectrum, that is, c9FTD/ALS. Two basic mechanisms have been proposed as being potentially responsible for c9FTD/ALS: loss-of-function of the protein encoded by this gene (associated with aberrant DNA methylation) and gain of function through the formation of RNA foci or protein aggregates. These diseases currently lack any cure or effective treatment. Antisense oligonucleotides (ASOs) are modified nucleic acids that are able to silence targeted mRNAs or perform splice modulation, and the fact that they have proved efficient in repeat expansion diseases including myotonic dystrophy type 1 makes them ideal candidates for c9FTD/ALS therapy. Here, we discuss potential mechanisms and challenges for developing oligonucleotide-based therapy for c9FTD/ALS. </p>","PeriodicalId":16575,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nucleic Acids","volume":"2013 ","pages":"208245"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2013-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3855979/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"31965145","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Svetlana A Kholodar, Darya S Novopashina, Mariya I Meschaninova, Alya G Venyaminova
{"title":"Multipyrene tandem probes for point mutations detection in DNA.","authors":"Svetlana A Kholodar, Darya S Novopashina, Mariya I Meschaninova, Alya G Venyaminova","doi":"10.1155/2013/860457","DOIUrl":"10.1155/2013/860457","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Here we report design, synthesis and characterization of highly sensitive, specific and stable in biological systems fluorescent probes for point mutation detection in DNA. The tandems of 3'- and 5'-mono- and bis-pyrene conjugated oligo(2'-O-methylribonucleotides), protected by 3'-\"inverted\" thymidine, were constructed and their potential as new instruments for genetic diagnostics was studied. Novel probes have been shown to exhibit an ability to form stable duplexes with DNA target due to the stabilizing effect of multiple pyrene units at the junction. The relationship between fluorescent properties of developed probes, the number of pyrene residues at the tandem junction, and the location of point mutation has been studied. On the basis of the data obtained, we have chosen the probes possessing the highest fluorescence intensity along with the best mismatch discrimination and deletion and insertion detection ability. Application of developed probes for detection of polymorphism C677T in MTHFR gene has been demonstrated on model systems. </p>","PeriodicalId":16575,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nucleic Acids","volume":"2013 ","pages":"860457"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2013-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3886547/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"32055893","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Mesenchymal stem cell therapy in diabetes mellitus: progress and challenges.","authors":"Nagwa El-Badri, Mohamed A Ghoneim","doi":"10.1155/2013/194858","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2013/194858","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Advanced type 2 diabetes mellitus is associated with significant morbidity and mortality due to cardiovascular, nervous, and renal complications. Attempts to cure diabetes mellitus using islet transplantation have been successful in providing a source for insulin secreting cells. However, limited donors, graft rejection, the need for continued immune suppression, and exhaustion of the donor cell pool prompted the search for a more sustained source of insulin secreting cells. Stem cell therapy is a promising alternative for islet transplantation in type 2 diabetic patients who fail to control hyperglycemia even with insulin injection. Autologous stem cell transplantation may provide the best outcome for those patients, since autologous cells are readily available and do not entail prolonged hospital stays or sustained immunotoxic therapy. Among autologous adult stem cells, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) therapy has been applied with varying degrees of success in both animal models and in clinical trials. This review will focus on the advantages of MSCs over other types of stem cells and the possible mechanisms by which MSCs transplant restores normoglycemia in type 2 diabetic patients. Sources of MSCs including autologous cells from diabetic patients and the use of various differentiation protocols in relation to best transplant outcome will be discussed.</p>","PeriodicalId":16575,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nucleic Acids","volume":"2013 ","pages":"194858"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2013-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1155/2013/194858","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"31502709","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Immobilization of DNA aptamers on polyester cloth for antigen detection by dot blot immunoenzymatic assay (aptablot).","authors":"Sally Smiley, Maria Derosa, Burton Blais","doi":"10.1155/2013/936542","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2013/936542","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A simple dot blot immunoenzymatic assay system was developed using polyester cloth coated with an oligo-DNA aptamer to provide a high-affinity macroporous surface for the efficient capture of a model protein analyte (thrombin) in complex sample matrices such as foods. Bound thrombin was detected immunoenzymatically using a peroxidase-linked antithrombin antibody and a chromogenic substrate. A unique feature of this approach, which we have termed \"aptablot,\" is the facile immobilization of DNA aptamers on the polyester surface by cross-linking with a brief exposure to ultraviolet light, and the simple assay format obviating the need for specialized instruments. The assay principle described herein should be broadly applicable to many situations where analytes must be detected in complex samples, with the main limiting factor being the availability of suitable DNA aptamers. </p>","PeriodicalId":16575,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nucleic Acids","volume":"2013 ","pages":"936542"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2013-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1155/2013/936542","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"31913858","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mohammadmersad Ghorbani, Simon J E Taylor, Mark A Pook, Annette Payne
{"title":"Comparative (computational) analysis of the DNA methylation status of trinucleotide repeat expansion diseases.","authors":"Mohammadmersad Ghorbani, Simon J E Taylor, Mark A Pook, Annette Payne","doi":"10.1155/2013/689798","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2013/689798","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Previous studies have examined DNA methylation in different trinucleotide repeat diseases. We have combined this data and used a pattern searching algorithm to identify motifs in the DNA surrounding aberrantly methylated CpGs found in the DNA of patients with one of the three trinucleotide repeat (TNR) expansion diseases: fragile X syndrome (FRAXA), myotonic dystrophy type I (DM1), or Friedreich's ataxia (FRDA). We examined sequences surrounding both the variably methylated (VM) CpGs, which are hypermethylated in patients compared with unaffected controls, and the nonvariably methylated CpGs which remain either always methylated (AM) or never methylated (NM) in both patients and controls. Using the J48 algorithm of WEKA analysis, we identified that two patterns are all that is necessary to classify our three regions CCGG∗ which is found in VM and not in AM regions and AATT∗ which distinguished between NM and VM + AM using proportional frequency. Furthermore, comparing our software with MEME software, we have demonstrated that our software identifies more patterns than MEME in these short DNA sequences. Thus, we present evidence that the DNA sequence surrounding CpG can influence its susceptibility to be de novo methylated in a disease state associated with a trinucleotide repeat. </p>","PeriodicalId":16575,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nucleic Acids","volume":"2013 ","pages":"689798"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2013-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1155/2013/689798","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"32054320","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Manassés Daniel da Silva, Roberta Lane de Oliveira Silva, José Ribamar Costa Ferreira Neto, Ana Carolina Ribeiro Guimarães, Daniela Truffi Veiga, Sabrina Moutinho Chabregas, William Lee Burnquist, Günter Kahl, Ana Maria Benko-Iseppon, Ederson Akio Kido
{"title":"Expression Analysis of Sugarcane Aquaporin Genes under Water Deficit.","authors":"Manassés Daniel da Silva, Roberta Lane de Oliveira Silva, José Ribamar Costa Ferreira Neto, Ana Carolina Ribeiro Guimarães, Daniela Truffi Veiga, Sabrina Moutinho Chabregas, William Lee Burnquist, Günter Kahl, Ana Maria Benko-Iseppon, Ederson Akio Kido","doi":"10.1155/2013/763945","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2013/763945","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The present work is a pioneer study specifically addressing the aquaporin transcripts in sugarcane transcriptomes. Representatives of the four aquaporin subfamilies (PIP, TIP, SIP, and NIP), already described for higher plants, were identified. Forty-two distinct aquaporin isoforms were expressed in four HT-SuperSAGE libraries from sugarcane roots of drought-tolerant and -sensitive genotypes, respectively. At least 10 different potential aquaporin isoform targets and their respective unitags were considered to be promising for future studies and especially for the development of molecular markers for plant breeding. From those 10 isoforms, four (SoPIP2-4, SoPIP2-6, OsPIP2-4, and SsPIP1-1) showed distinct responses towards drought, with divergent expressions between the bulks from tolerant and sensitive genotypes, when they were compared under normal and stress conditions. Two targets (SsPIP1-1 and SoPIP1-3/PIP1-4) were selected for validation via RT-qPCR and their expression patterns as detected by HT-SuperSAGE were confirmed. The employed validation strategy revealed that different genotypes share the same tolerant or sensitive phenotype, respectively, but may use different routes for stress acclimation, indicating the aquaporin transcription in sugarcane to be potentially genotype-specific. </p>","PeriodicalId":16575,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nucleic Acids","volume":"2013 ","pages":"763945"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2013-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1155/2013/763945","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"32083493","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
John P Jakupciak, Jeffrey M Wells, Richard J Karalus, David R Pawlowski, Jeffrey S Lin, Andrew B Feldman
{"title":"Population-Sequencing as a Biomarker of Burkholderia mallei and Burkholderia pseudomallei Evolution through Microbial Forensic Analysis.","authors":"John P Jakupciak, Jeffrey M Wells, Richard J Karalus, David R Pawlowski, Jeffrey S Lin, Andrew B Feldman","doi":"10.1155/2013/801505","DOIUrl":"10.1155/2013/801505","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Large-scale genomics projects are identifying biomarkers to detect human disease. B. pseudomallei and B. mallei are two closely related select agents that cause melioidosis and glanders. Accurate characterization of metagenomic samples is dependent on accurate measurements of genetic variation between isolates with resolution down to strain level. Often single biomarker sensitivity is augmented by use of multiple or panels of biomarkers. In parallel with single biomarker validation, advances in DNA sequencing enable analysis of entire genomes in a single run: population-sequencing. Potentially, direct sequencing could be used to analyze an entire genome to serve as the biomarker for genome identification. However, genome variation and population diversity complicate use of direct sequencing, as well as differences caused by sample preparation protocols including sequencing artifacts and mistakes. As part of a Department of Homeland Security program in bacterial forensics, we examined how to implement whole genome sequencing (WGS) analysis as a judicially defensible forensic method for attributing microbial sample relatedness; and also to determine the strengths and limitations of whole genome sequence analysis in a forensics context. Herein, we demonstrate use of sequencing to provide genetic characterization of populations: direct sequencing of populations. </p>","PeriodicalId":16575,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nucleic Acids","volume":"2013 ","pages":"801505"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2013-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3877622/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"32054321","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Nicholas J Amato, Christopher N Mwai, Timothy C Mueser, Amanda C Bryant-Friedrich
{"title":"Thermodynamic and structural analysis of DNA damage architectures related to replication.","authors":"Nicholas J Amato, Christopher N Mwai, Timothy C Mueser, Amanda C Bryant-Friedrich","doi":"10.1155/2013/867957","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2013/867957","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Damaged DNA, generated by the abstraction of one of five hydrogen atoms from the 2'-deoxyribose ring of the nucleic acid, can contain a variety of lesions, some of which compromise physiological processes. Recently, DNA damage, resulting from the formation of a C3'-thymidinyl radical in DNA oligomers, was found to be dependent on nucleic acid structure. Architectures relevant to DNA replication were observed to generate larger amounts of strand-break and 1-(2'-deoxy- β -D-threo-pentofuranosyl)thymidine formation than that observed for duplex DNA. To understand how this damage can affect the integrity of DNA, the impact of C3'-thymidinyl radical derived lesions on DNA stability and structure was characterized using biophysical methods. DNA architectures evaluated include duplex DNA (dsDNA), single 3' or 5'-overhangs (OvHgs), and forks. Thermal melting analysis and differential scanning calorimetry measurements indicate that an individual 3'-OvHg is more destabilizing than a 5'-OvHg. The presence of a terminal 3' or 5' phosphate decreases the ΔG 25 to the same extent, while the effect of the phosphate at the ss-dsDNA junction of OvHgs is dependent on sequence. Additionally, the effect of 1-(2'-deoxy- β -D-threo-pentofuranosyl)thymidine is found to depend on DNA architecture and proximity to the 3' end of the damaged strand.</p>","PeriodicalId":16575,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nucleic Acids","volume":"2013 ","pages":"867957"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2013-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1155/2013/867957","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"31459250","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Base Composition Characteristics of Mammalian miRNAs.","authors":"Bin Wang","doi":"10.1155/2013/951570","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2013/951570","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are short RNA sequences that repress protein synthesis by either inhibiting the translation of messenger RNA (mRNA) or increasing mRNA degradation. Endogenous miRNAs have been found in various organisms, including animals, plants, and viruses. Mammalian miRNAs are evolutionarily conserved, are scattered throughout chromosomes, and play an important role in the immune response and the onset of cancer. For this study, the author explored the base composition characteristics of miRNA genes from the six mammalian species that contain the largest number of known miRNAs. It was found that mammalian miRNAs are evolutionarily conserved and GU-rich. Interestingly, in the miRNA sequences investigated, A residues are clearly the most frequent occupants of positions 2 and 3 of the 5' end of miRNAs. Unlike G and U residues that may pair with C/U and A/G, respectively, A residues can only pair with U residues of target mRNAs, which may augment the recognition specificity of the 5' seed region.</p>","PeriodicalId":16575,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nucleic Acids","volume":"2013 ","pages":"951570"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2013-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1155/2013/951570","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"31459251","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}