{"title":"miRNA Influences in NRF2 Pathway Interactions within Cancer Models.","authors":"Duncan Ayers, Byron Baron, Therese Hunter","doi":"10.1155/2015/143636","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2015/143636","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The NRF2 transcription factor (nuclear factor-erythroid 2 p45-related factor 2) has been identified as a key molecular player in orchestrating adaptive cellular interactions following a wide spectrum of cellular stress conditions that could be either extracellular or intracellular. Dysregulation of the NRF2 system is implicated in various disease states, including inflammatory conditions. The NRF2 transcription factor is also known to permit cross talk with several other essential cellular signaling pathways. Recent literature has also elucidated the potential influences of miRNA activity over modulations of the NRF2 signalling network. Consequently, further delving into the knowledge regarding the extent of miRNA-induced epigenetic gene regulatory control on key elements of the NRF2 signalling pathway and its cross talk, particularly within the context of cancer models, can prove to be of high clinical importance. This is so since such miRNAs, once identified and validated, can be potentially exploited as novel drug targets for emerging translational medicine-based therapies. </p>","PeriodicalId":16575,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nucleic Acids","volume":"2015 ","pages":"143636"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2015-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1155/2015/143636","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"34151929","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Rosaline Wanjiru Macharia, Fidelis Levi Ombura, Erick Onyango Aroko
{"title":"Insects' RNA Profiling Reveals Absence of \"Hidden Break\" in 28S Ribosomal RNA Molecule of Onion Thrips, Thrips tabaci.","authors":"Rosaline Wanjiru Macharia, Fidelis Levi Ombura, Erick Onyango Aroko","doi":"10.1155/2015/965294","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2015/965294","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>With an exception of aphids, insects' 28S rRNA is thought to harbor a \"hidden break\" which cleaves under denaturing conditions to comigrate with 18S rRNA band to exhibit a degraded appearance on native agarose gels. The degraded appearance confounds determination of RNA integrity in laboratories that rely on gel electrophoresis. To provide guidelines for RNA profiles, RNA from five major insect orders, namely, Diptera, Hemiptera, Thysanoptera, Hymenoptera, and Lepidoptera, was compared under denaturing and nondenaturing conditions. This study confirmed that although present in most of insect's RNA, the \"hidden break\" is absent in the 28S rRNA of onion thrips, Thrips tabaci. On the other hand, presence of \"hidden break\" was depicted in whiteflies' 28S rRNA despite their evolutionary grouping under same order with aphids. Divergence of 28S rRNA sequences confirms variation of both size and composition of gap region among insect species. However, phylogeny reconstruction does not support speciation as a possible source of the hidden break in insect's 28S rRNA. In conclusion, we show that RNA from a given insect order does not conform to a particular banding profile and therefore this approach cannot be reliably used to characterize newly discovered species. </p>","PeriodicalId":16575,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nucleic Acids","volume":"2015 ","pages":"965294"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2015-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1155/2015/965294","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"33008563","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ka Lok Hong, Eamonn Maher, Ryan M Williams, Letha J Sooter
{"title":"In Vitro Selection of a Single-Stranded DNA Molecular Recognition Element against Clostridium difficile Toxin B and Sensitive Detection in Human Fecal Matter.","authors":"Ka Lok Hong, Eamonn Maher, Ryan M Williams, Letha J Sooter","doi":"10.1155/2015/808495","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2015/808495","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Toxin B is one of the major virulence factors of Clostridium difficile, a bacterium that is responsible for a significant number of diarrhea cases in acute care settings. Due to the prevalence of C. difficile induced diarrhea, rapid and correct diagnosis is crucial in the disease management. In this study, we have employed a stringent in vitro selection method to identify single-stranded DNA molecular recognition elements (MRE) specific for toxin B. At the end of the 12-round selection, one MRE with high affinity (K d = 47.3 nM) for toxin B was identified. The selected MRE demonstrated low cross binding activities on negative targets: bovine serum albumin, Staphylococcus aureus alpha toxin, Pseudomonas aeruginosa exotoxin A, and cholera toxin of Vibrio cholera. A modified sandwich ELISA assay was developed utilizing the selected ssDNA MRE as the antigen capturing element and achieved a sensitive detection of 50 nM of toxin B in human fecal preparations. </p>","PeriodicalId":16575,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nucleic Acids","volume":"2015 ","pages":"808495"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2015-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1155/2015/808495","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"33097578","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The Globular State of the Single-Stranded RNA: Effect of the Secondary Structure Rearrangements.","authors":"Zareh A Grigoryan, Armen T Karapetian","doi":"10.1155/2015/295264","DOIUrl":"10.1155/2015/295264","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The mutual influence of the slow rearrangements of secondary structure and fast collapse of the long single-stranded RNA (ssRNA) in approximation of coarse-grained model is studied with analytic calculations. It is assumed that the characteristic time of the secondary structure rearrangement is much longer than that for the formation of the tertiary structure. A nonequilibrium phase transition of the 2nd order has been observed. </p>","PeriodicalId":16575,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nucleic Acids","volume":"2015 ","pages":"295264"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2015-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4546806/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"33982951","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Analysis of Nucleotide Sequences of the 16S rRNA Gene of Novel Escherichia coli Strains Isolated from Feces of Human and Bali Cattle.","authors":"I Wayan Suardana","doi":"10.1155/2014/475754","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2014/475754","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Livestock especially cattle are known as a main reservoir of Escherichia coli O157:H7. This bacterium is considered as a pathogenic agent characterized by producing toxins, which are familiarly known as Shiga-like toxin-1 (Stx1) and Stx2. The aim of this work was to analyse the novel sequence of the 16S rRNA gene of strains isolated in this study in order to know the phylogenetic relationships between these sequences and those between the sequences of bacteria available in databanks. The results of this analysis showed that the strains KL-48(2) and SM25(1) that originated from human and cattle feces, respectively, are closely related among them and with respect to E. coli EDL 933, E. coli Sakai, E. coli ATCC 43894, E. coli O111:H-, E. coli O121:H19, E. coli O104:H4, and Shigella sonnei with more than 99% similarity values. </p>","PeriodicalId":16575,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nucleic Acids","volume":"2014 ","pages":"475754"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2014-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1155/2014/475754","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"32714133","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ryan M Williams, Amanda R Kulick, Srilakshmi Yedlapalli, Louisa Battistella, Cyrus J Hajiran, Letha J Sooter
{"title":"In vitro selection of a single-stranded DNA molecular recognition element specific for bromacil.","authors":"Ryan M Williams, Amanda R Kulick, Srilakshmi Yedlapalli, Louisa Battistella, Cyrus J Hajiran, Letha J Sooter","doi":"10.1155/2014/102968","DOIUrl":"10.1155/2014/102968","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Bromacil is a widely used herbicide that is known to contaminate environmental systems. Due to the hazards it presents and inefficient detection methods, it is necessary to create a rapid and efficient sensing device. Towards this end, we have utilized a stringent in vitro selection method to identify single-stranded DNA molecular recognition elements (MRE) specific for bromacil. We have identified one MRE with high affinity (K d = 9.6 nM) and specificity for bromacil compared to negative targets of selection and other pesticides. The selected ssDNA MRE will be useful as the sensing element in a field-deployable bromacil detection device. </p>","PeriodicalId":16575,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nucleic Acids","volume":"2014 ","pages":"102968"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2014-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4225842/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"32817161","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Effects of stability of base pairs containing an oxazolone on DNA elongation.","authors":"Masayo Suzuki, Kazuya Ohtsuki, Katsuhito Kino, Teruhiko Kobayashi, Masayuki Morikawa, Takanobu Kobayashi, Hiroshi Miyazawa","doi":"10.1155/2014/178350","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2014/178350","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The nucleoside 2,2,4-triamino-5(2H)-oxazolone (Oz) can result from oxidative damage to guanine residues in DNA. Despite differences among the three polymerases (Pol β, KF exo(-), and Pol η) regarding nucleotide incorporation patterns opposite Oz, all three polymerases can incorporate guanine opposite Oz. Based on ab initio calculations, we proposed a structure for a stable Oz:G base pair. Here, to assess the stability of each Oz-containing base pair (Oz:G, Oz:A, Oz:C, and Oz:T) upon DNA replication, we determined the efficiency of Pol β-, KF exo(-)-, or Pol η-catalyzed primer extension beyond each base pair. With each polymerase, extension beyond Oz:G was more efficient than that beyond Oz:A, Oz:C, or Oz:T. Moreover, thermal denaturation studies revealed that the T m value for the duplex containing Oz:G was significantly higher than those obtained for duplexes containing Oz:A, Oz:C, or Oz:T. Therefore, the results from ab initio calculations along with those from DNA replication assays and thermal denaturation experiments supported the conclusion that Oz:G is the most stable of the Oz-containing base pairs. </p>","PeriodicalId":16575,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nucleic Acids","volume":"2014 ","pages":"178350"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2014-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1155/2014/178350","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"32965296","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Erratum to \"Analysis of Nucleotide Sequences of the 16S rRNA Gene of Novel Escherichia coli Strains Isolated from Feces of Human and Bali Cattle\".","authors":"I Wayan Suardana","doi":"10.1155/2014/412942","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2014/412942","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1155/2014/475754.]. </p>","PeriodicalId":16575,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nucleic Acids","volume":"2014 ","pages":"412942"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2014-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1155/2014/412942","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"32967684","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Discovery of Novel Leaf Rust Responsive microRNAs in Wheat and Prediction of Their Target Genes.","authors":"Dhananjay Kumar, Dharmendra Singh, Pulkit Kanodia, Kumble Vinod Prabhu, Manish Kumar, Kunal Mukhopadhyay","doi":"10.1155/2014/570176","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2014/570176","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>MicroRNAs are endogenous small noncoding RNAs which play critical roles in gene regulation. Few wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) miRNA sequences are available in miRBase repertoire and knowledge of their biological functions related to biotic stress is limited. We identified 52 miRNAs, belonging to 19 families, from next-generation transcriptome sequence data based on homology search. One wheat specific novel miRNA was identified but could not be ascribed or assigned to any known miRNA family. Differentially expressed 22 miRNAs were found between susceptible and resistant wheat near-isogenic lines inoculated with leaf rust pathogen Puccinia triticina and compared with mock inoculated controls. Most miRNAs were more upregulated in susceptible NIL compared to resistant NIL. We identified 1306 potential target genes for these 52 miRNAs with vital roles in response to stimuli, signaling, and diverse metabolic and cellular processes. Gene ontology analysis showed 66, 20, and 35 target genes to be categorized into biological process, molecular function, and cellular component, respectively. A miRNA-mediated regulatory network revealed relationships among the components of the targetome. The present study provides insight into potential miRNAs with probable roles in leaf rust pathogenesis and their target genes in wheat which establish a foundation for future studies. </p>","PeriodicalId":16575,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nucleic Acids","volume":"2014 ","pages":"570176"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2014-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1155/2014/570176","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"32633957","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Selective Evolution of Ligands by Exponential Enrichment to Identify RNA Aptamers against Shiga Toxins.","authors":"Sreerupa Challa, Saul Tzipori, Abhineet Sheoran","doi":"10.1155/2014/214929","DOIUrl":"10.1155/2014/214929","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Infection with Shiga toxin- (Stx-) producing E. coli causes life threatening hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS), a leading cause of acute renal failure in children. Of the two antigenically distinct toxins, Stx1 and Stx2, Stx2 is more firmly linked with the development of HUS. In the present study, selective evolution of ligands by exponential enrichment (SELEX) was used in an attempt to identify RNA aptamers against Stx1 and Stx2. After 5 rounds of selection, significant enrichment of aptamer pool was obtained against Stx2, but not against Stx1, using a RNA aptamer library containing 56 random nucleotides (N56). Characterization of individual aptamer sequences revealed that six unique RNA aptamers (mA/pC, mB/pA, mC, mD, pB, and pD) recognized Stx2 in a filter binding assay. None of these aptamers bound Stx1. Aptamers mA/pC, mB/pA, mC, and mD, but not pB and pD, partially blocked binding of Alexa 488-labeled Stx2 with HeLa cells in a flow cytometry assay. However, none of the aptamers neutralized Stx2-mediated cytotoxicity and death of HeLa cells. </p>","PeriodicalId":16575,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nucleic Acids","volume":"2014 ","pages":"214929"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2014-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1155/2014/214929","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"32350853","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}