Journal of Medical Sciences最新文献

{"title":"CHARACTERIZATION OF HYPONATREMIA IN PATIENTS WITH ISCHEMIC STROKE","authors":"Z. Khan, Saleem Iqbal, Farooq Ahmed, Ashfaq Ahmed","doi":"10.52764/jms.24.32.1.15","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52764/jms.24.32.1.15","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: To characterize the hyponatremia based on severity in patients with ischemic stroke in the first twenty-four hours.\u0000Materials & Methods: This cross-sectional descriptive study was done in the Medicine Department of Khyber Teaching Hospital, Peshawar, after obtaining approval from IREB. For a proportion of 25% population with mild hyponatremia, a sample of 289 was calculated using Open EPI Software keeping 95% as the confidence interval and 5% as the margin of error. We included all adult patients from age 16 years of either gender, having newly diagnosed ischemic stroke and yet had not started any treatment. Patients having other chronic diseases and endocrine disorders which can cause electrolyte disturbances, and act as confounders, were excluded. A Non-probability consecutive sampling technique was used. All data including name, age, gender, address, and the presence or absence of and the severity of hyponatremia was recorded. Data was analyzed using SPSS-22.\u0000Results: The mean age of the patients was 53 years with SD ± 8.53 (range 40-69 years). Male patients were 56.1% while 43.9% were females. Out of 289 patients, 101 (35%) patients had hyponatremia. Amongst these patients having hyponatremia, mild hyponatremia was present in 63 (62%), moderate hyponatremia in 27 (27%) and profound or severe hyponatremia was present in 11 (11%).\u0000Conclusion: Hyponatremia was present in about 1/3rd of patients who presented with ischemic stroke in our hospital. Among these, severe hyponatremia was seen in 11% of the patients.\u0000Keywords: Hyponatremia, ischemic stroke.","PeriodicalId":16486,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medical Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140259495","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"FREQUENCY OF THE KNEE POSTEROLATERAL CORNER INJURY IN COMBINATION WITH ANTERIOR CRUCIATE LIGAMENT INJURY","authors":"Riaz Muhammad, Syed Dil Bagh Shah","doi":"10.52764/jms.24.32.1.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52764/jms.24.32.1.1","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: To determine the frequency of posterolateral corner injury in combination with an anterior cruciate ligament injury.\u0000Methodology: This Descriptive Cross-Sectional study was performed at Ortho Unit, MTI-Khyber Teaching Hospital Peshawar from 18 July 2020 to 18 January 2021. A detailed clinical history was taken followed by a general physical and systemic examination from all patients presenting with diagnosed anterior cruciate ligament tear on MRI. A plain radiograph of the involved knee was taken in sagittal and coronal planes to identify any fracture or dislocations and make necessary exclusions. The finally selected patients were enrolled and a specific data sheet purposely designed, was filled for each of them. A quick height, weight, and BMI (on Stadiometer and standard weighing scale) calculation were done and Beighton score was calculated for all patients.\u0000Results: Incidence of posterolateral corner (PLC) injuries was found in 36 (21.3%) patients combined with anterior cruciate ligament (ACL).\u0000Conclusion: It is of utmost importance to detect and treat the injury properly. As PLC injuries are not usually diagnosed in the first place, therefore, a thorough understanding of functional interactions of the PLC, specific history taking, and precise physical examination are required for the diagnosis and treatment.\u0000Keywords: Anterior Cruciate Ligament (ACL); Posterolateral Corner (PLC); Knee; Multiligamentous Injury","PeriodicalId":16486,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medical Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140259094","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"PASHTO TRANSLATION, VALIDITY AND RELIABILITY OF LEEDS ASSESSMENT OF NEUROPATHIC SYMPTOMS AND SIGNS (LANSS) IN SPINAL CORD INJURY PATIENTS","authors":"Habib Khan, Mirza Obaid Baig, Sumaiyah Obaid, Muhammad Hammad Haleem","doi":"10.52764/jms.24.32.1.10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52764/jms.24.32.1.10","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: The aim pf this study was to translate to translate English version of Leeds assessment of Neuropathic symptoms and signs (LANSS) pain scale into Pashto language and to determine the validity and reliability of Pashto version of LANSS pain scale in spinal cord injury patients.\u0000Material & Methods: LANSS was translated from original language into Pashto and then back translated to English. It was reviewed by ten physical therapy experts for face and content validity. The scores of the Pashto version of the LANSS were studied in a sample of 113 spinal cord injury patients having pain from Pashto speaking region, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. Comparison between Pashto LANSS and DN4 Questionnaire score was done to check for concurrent validity. Intra-class correlation coefficient, Cohen’s kappa agreement and internal consistency were estimated to check the reliability of Pashto version of LANSS.\u0000Results: For a p-value of <0.01, the overall mean score of Pashto-LANSS was higher in patients suffering from neuropathic pain. The ICC score for Pashto-LANSS was 0.76, kappa value 0.76 and Cronbach’s alpha 0.83 indicating significant scores. The results of Pearson’s correlation showed significant correlation between Pashto-LANSS and DN4.\u0000Conclusion: Pashto LANSS is a reliable and valid tool to identify neuropathic pain in SCI patients. Pashto version of LANSS can be used in differentiating neuropathic pain from nociceptive pain in people with spinal cord injury (SCI).\u0000Key terms: LANSS, Neuropathic pain, DN4 Questionnaire, Spinal cord injury, Pashto version of LANSS (Pashto-LANSS).","PeriodicalId":16486,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medical Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140259284","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"DIAGNOSTIC ACCURACY OF DIFFUSION-WEIGHTED MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING IN THE DIAGNOSIS OF MYOMETRIAL INVASION AMONG PATIENTS WITH ENDOMETRIAL CARCINOMA","authors":"Humaira Anjum, Muska Khattak, Mahjabina S. Ghayur, Mahnoor Rehman, Samia Iftikhar","doi":"10.52764/jms.24.32.1.7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52764/jms.24.32.1.7","url":null,"abstract":"OBJECTIVE: To determine the accuracy of magnetic resonance diffusion-weighted imaging in the diagnosis of myometrial invasion in patients with carcinoma endometrium keeping histopathology as the gold standard.\u0000MATERIALS AND METHODS:  It was a descriptive cross-sectional study carried out from 11 July 2019 to 10 July 2021 at the Radiology Department, Khyber Teaching Hospital, Peshawar. The sample was collected via a Non-probability sampling technique. The sample size was 141 taking the prevalence of myometrial invasion 46% 12 with sensitivity and specificity of DW-MRI 90% and 73%,95% confidence level, and 10% margin of error. All women presenting with biopsy-proven endometrial carcinoma scheduled for hysterectomy, aged between 30 to 70 years were included. The myometrial invasion via MRI pelvis including DWI, with a 1.5 T machine (Philips), was evaluated for all patients. After a hysterectomy, myometrial invasion was confirmed on histopathology.\u0000RESULTS: Among 141 women, 58 (41%) patients were between 30-50 years of age, and 83(59%) patients were in the 51-70 years age group. DW-MRI had 91.11% sensitivity, 66.66% specificity, 98.4% Positive predictive value, 25% Negative predictive value, and 90.07% diagnostic accuracy\u0000CONCLUSION: In carcinoma endometrium, MR-DWI has good diagnostic accuracy in the detection of myometrial invasion.\u0000Keywords: Endometrial cancer, Diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging, Histopathology.","PeriodicalId":16486,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medical Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140260372","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"ANALYSIS OF PHYSICOCHEMICAL AND NUTRITIONAL PARAMETERS OF RAW MILK FROM COMMERCIAL DAIRY FARMS – IMPLICATIONS OF ADULTERATION FOR PUBLIC HEALTH","authors":"Saud Azhar, Wasia Jamil, Abdul Hannan Ali, Bushra Iftikhar, Mehr A. Orakzai, Yumna Afaq, Aiman Arshad, Anusha Azhar, Wajid Ali","doi":"10.52764/jms.24.32.1.12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52764/jms.24.32.1.12","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: Globally, milk adulteration is an important public health issue but more so in developing countries, for small financial gains. This study was designed to assess the physicochemical and nutritional parameters of raw milk from commercial dairy farms from a public health perspective.\u0000Material and Methods: In this study 29 bulk samples of raw cattle milk were selected, one from each dairy farm in Peshawar, using simple random sampling and analyzed using by ultrasonic milk analyser. The main parameters tested for adulteration of milk were urea, starch, hydrogen peroxide, detergent, sorbitol, quaternary ammonium compounds, boric acid, cane sugar, sodium chloride, carbonate, formalin, hypochlorite, freezing point, added water, salt percentages and electrical conductivity (EC). Additionally, nutritional quality was assessed by fats, solids-non-fats (SNF), lactose, and protein. The results were statistically analyzed by t-test using SPSS software.\u0000Results: Results showed that more than 90% of the samples had water adulteration of more than 5% due to which 55% had significantly reduced nutritional parameters but still overall nutritional quality was acceptable in 24% of the samples. 21% of samples had high electrical conductivity reflecting mastitis in animals and consequently considered unsuitable for consumption due to the resultant transmission of either antibiotics or microorganisms into the human body. Furthermore, chemical adulterants were not detected in any sample. t-test showed that most of the parameters were significantly different (p=0.05) than the population standard means.\u0000Conclusion: Milk samples had compromised quality due to water addition in half of them and raised EC values in about a quarter of the samples. Despite water adulteration, nutrients like fat and SNF remained within ranges, indicating a cow-buffalo milk blend. Most tested parameters were lower than national averages but above minimum values. No chemical adulterants were detected. There’s a need for continuous milk testing to maintain public health standards.\u0000key words: mild adulteration, commecial dairy farms","PeriodicalId":16486,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medical Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140261154","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"DETERMINING THE DEMOGRAPHIC PATTERNS OF DRUG-RESISTANT AND DRUG-SUSCEPTIBLE TUBERCULOSIS IN KPK, PAKISTAN THROUGH A RETROSPECTIVE SURVEY","authors":"Urooj Ahmad, Anab Arshad, Sara Jadoon, Shahana Saba Salih, Hafsa Ahmed, Samreen Saifullah, Huma Nayab, Sara Safi","doi":"10.52764/jms.24.32.1.13","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52764/jms.24.32.1.13","url":null,"abstract":"Objectives: The objective of this research was to find out the demographic characteristics of drug-susceptible and drug-resistant Tuberculosis in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan.\u0000Material and Methods: A retrospective survey was conducted on data from the TB Control Program Khyber Pakhtunkhwa recorded between 1st January 2021 to 3rd June 2022. 7 sentinel sites and 5 Programmatic Management of Drug-resistant Tuberculosis sites report the data to the TB control program. The data was entered into Excel and analyzed through frequency tables, histograms, and bar charts.\u0000Results: A total of 39,210 Tuberculosis cases were reported to TB control program KPK from 1st January 2021 to 3rd June 2022; 38,723 were drug-susceptible while 487 were drug-resistant TB cases. The highest percentage of TB was found in the age group 15-24 years. Males were more affected than females with drug-susceptible TB. In contrast, drug-resistant TB was affecting females more than males.  58% of cases were reported in the public sector while 42% cases in the private sector. The households of only 2,412 (6.22%) patients of drug-susceptible Tuberculosis were screened out of 38,723 patients. In 2815 Tuberculosis patients screened for HIV, 4 drug-susceptible and 5 drug-resistant cases were positive for HIV. 8.41% of drug-resistant TB patients were diabetic.\u0000Conclusion: The frequency of TB cases is high in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, especially among 15-24-year-olds. Household contact screening is inadequate in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. There is a high percentage of coexisting drug-resistant TB and diabetes.\u0000Keywords: Drug susceptible TB, Drug-resistant TB, HIV co-infection, Household contact.\u0000 ","PeriodicalId":16486,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medical Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140259121","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"MEGALOBLASTIC ANEMIA IN ADULTS WITH NEW-ONSET PANCYTOPENIA ON PERIPHERAL SMEAR","authors":"Sajid Razaq, A. Badshah, Obaid Ur Rehman, Nayab Munib, Mohsin Shafi","doi":"10.52764/jms.24.32.1.4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52764/jms.24.32.1.4","url":null,"abstract":"Objectives: To determine the frequency of megaloblastic anemia in patients with a new onset of pancytopenia on peripheral smear.\u0000Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in the Department of Medicine, Khyber Teaching Hospital, Peshawar from 1st February 2021 to 31st July 2021.  A total of 109 patients participated in the study after fulfilling the inclusion criteria. Patients with pancytopenia on peripheral smear underwent bone marrow biopsy. Megaloblastic anemia as the cause of pancytopenia was confirmed after bone marrow biopsy reports were available. The results were stratified into tables based on study participants’ demographics. Data was analyzed by SPSS 23 and presented in tables.\u0000Results: Megaloblastic anemia was observed in 42.2% of patients presenting with pancytopenia on peripheral smear. 66.1% of these were male and 33.9% were female.\u0000Conclusion: A large number of patients with pancytopenia on initial investigations were diagnosed to be suffering from megaloblastic anemia in our study.\u0000Keywords: Pancytopenia; Megaloblastic anemia; Peripheral smear; Bone marrow biopsy","PeriodicalId":16486,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medical Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140260408","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"COMPARISON OF NEONATAL OUTCOMES IN TERM PREGNANCIES IN NORMAL VS ABNORMAL CARDIOTOCOGRAPHY- AN EXPERIENCE AT A TERTIARY CARE TEACHING HOSPITAL","authors":"Z. Akhtar, Mahjabina S. Ghayur, Arzoo Gul, Hifsa Bibi, J. Naib, Naheed Akhtar","doi":"10.52764/jms.24.32.1.16","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52764/jms.24.32.1.16","url":null,"abstract":"OBJECTIVE: To compare the neonatal outcomes in normal vs abnormal cardiotocograhy in term pregnancy.\u0000MATERIALS AND METHODS: This was a prospective analytical study carried out in A unit of obstetrics and Gynaecology department of Khyber Teaching Hospital Peshawar from 15th April 2022 to 15th October 2022. A total 224 patients meeting inclusion criteria were included in study. In Group A (normal CTG) there were 111 patients and 113 were in Group B (abnormal CTG). Patients with known fetal congenital abnormalities, intrauterine growth restriction, and fetal mal presentations were excluded from the study.\u0000RESULTS: The mean age of sample population was 26.02+4.497. Multigravidae were more than primigravidae in both groups (86.4% vs 13.6% in Group A and 72.5% vs 27.5% in Group B). In Group B, caesarean section rate was higher (82.3%) than Group A (9%).  From Group B, 26 (23%) newborns went to NICU for admission, whereas only 8 (7.2%) newborns from Group A needed NICU admission.  Hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy was also observed more in newborns in Group B compared to Group A (10 vs 1).  In Group A 12 babies had APGAR score <7 at 1 minute while in Group B 18 babies had APGAR score < 7 at 1 minute. In Group A 2 babies had APGAR score <7 at 5 minutes whereas in Group B 7 babies had APGAR score < 7.    \u0000CONCLUSION: The caesarean section rate, NICU admission and hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy were more in Group B than in Group A and this difference was statistically significant (p-value 0.000, 0.000 and 0.006 respectively). Whereas there was no statistically significant difference in APGAR Score at 1 and 5 minutes in both groups (p-value 0.26 and 0.094 respectively)\u0000KEY WORDS:\u0000Cardiotocography, APGAR score, Caesarean section, hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy.\u0000 ","PeriodicalId":16486,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medical Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140259149","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"MORTALITY AND LENGTH OF HOSPITAL STAY IN PATIENTS WITH LIVER CIRRHOSIS BASED ON THEIR MELD SCORE","authors":"Hamza Ali Khan, N. Din, Saleem Iqbal, Ghulam Abbas, Muhammad Yousaf, B. Shah, Shah Umam","doi":"10.52764/jms.24.32.1.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52764/jms.24.32.1.2","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: This study aimed to find the frequency of mortality and length of hospital stay in patients with liver cirrhosis based on their MELD score at admission. We also aim to study prognostication in cirrhotic patients using MELD scores at admission.\u0000Materials and Methods:         A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted in the Medical Department of Khyber Teaching Hospital Peshawar from 17/10/2019 to 17/4/2020. A total of 100 patients were observed. Investigations required for the calculation of the MELD score were done from the hospital laboratory. Admitted patients were followed for study outcome in-hospital mortality and length of hospital stay for at least 30 days. All information was noted in the predesigned proforma.\u0000RESULTS: One hundred patients were analyzed among which the mean age was 53 years with SD ± 7.11. Forty-two percent were male and 58% were female. In-hospital mortality was observed in 8(8%) while mean hospital stay was 7 days with a standard deviation ± 4.12 in patients presenting with liver cirrhosis mortality was observed in patients with a MELD score of less than 20. However, mortality was 6.89%  in patients with a MELD score of 20-29 and 42.85 % in those with a MELD score of more than 30.\u0000CONCLUSION: The frequency of in-hospital mortality was 8% and the mean length of hospital stay was 7± 4.12 days in patients with liver cirrhosis. For patients with higher MELD scores, the hospital stay and mortality increased.\u0000Key Words: in-hospital mortality, mean length of hospital stay, MELD score","PeriodicalId":16486,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medical Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140259774","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"MANAGEMENT OF DISC HERNIATION AT THE LUMBAR REGION THAT IS COMPLICATED WITH SPINAL STENOSIS USING SMALL INCISION FENESTRATION","authors":"A. A. Kadhim","doi":"10.52764/jms.24.32.1.14","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52764/jms.24.32.1.14","url":null,"abstract":"Objectives: The objective of the current study was to compare the alternative approach of smaller incision fenestration in managing lumbar disc herniation with spinal stenosis to previous conventional laminectomy procedures.\u0000Patients and methods: The current case-control study included a total of 290 patients who were represented by two groups. Those patients were complaining of herniation of the lumbar disc with a complication of stenosis of the lumbar segments. Patients in the study group were treated by a small incision fenestration approach, whereas patients in the control group were treated by posterior laminectomy and decompression. Those patients were selected retrospectively from the pool of patients visiting the orthopedic units of Adiwaniyah Teaching Hospital, Adiwaniyah province, Iraq.\u0000Results: Mean hospital stay of patients in the study group was lower in a significant way in comparison with that of patients in the control group, 6.03 ±2.08 days versus 8.07 ±3.13 days, separately (p< 0.001). Added to that, mean operative loss was significantly lower in a group of intervention in comparison with the control group, 52.12 ±5.17 ml versus 65.48 ±5.08 ml, respectively (p< 0.001). Added to that, mean operative time was lower in a significant way in the group of intervention in comparison with patients in the group of control, 62.62 ±3.09 minutes versus 87.09 ±3.47 minutes, respectively (p< 0.001). The mean“visual analogue score (VAS)” was significantly lower in the study group in comparison with the control group, 3.09 ±1.15 versus 6.08 ±2.17, respectively (p<0.001). A comparison of the mean “Japanese orthopedic association (JOA) score” for nerve function between the study group and the control group is shown in Figure 2. The mean “Japanese orthopedic association (JOA) score” was higher in a significant manner in the group of an intervention study in comparison with the control group, 27.15 ±3.07 versus 20.18 ±4.81, respectively (p< 0.001).\u0000Conclusion: Small incision fenestration techniques are associated with significantly less hospital stay, less duration of operation, less blood loss, less visual pain score and better nerve function in comparison with conventional laminectomy procedure.\u0000Keywords: smaller incision fenestration, lumbar disc herniation, spinal stenosis","PeriodicalId":16486,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medical Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140260694","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}