Journal of Medical Sciences最新文献

{"title":"MANUAL VACUUM ASPIRATOR (MVA)- A SAFE AND EFFECTIVE ALTERNATIVE TO CONVENTIONAL CURETTAGE IN THE SURGICAL MANAGEMENT OF 1ST TRIMESTER MISCARRIAGES","authors":"Naheed Akhtar, Madiha Iqbal, Talat Naz","doi":"10.52764/jms.23.31.3.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52764/jms.23.31.3.11","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: To compare the efficacy of manual vacuum aspiration and conventional evacuation & curettage (ENC) for first-trimester miscarriage management. Materials and Methods: This quasi-experimental study was carried out at the Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Khyber Teaching Hospital, Peshawar, Pakistan from October 2022 to March 2023 including 150 patients with first trimester miscarriage dividing them into two groups (MVA and ENC) having equal number of patients. Efficacy in both groups was compared. Results: The mean age in the MVA group (group A) was 27.81±6.31years while in the ENC group (group B) it was 26.50±6.27 years. The mean gestational age in group A was 5.82±2.82 weeks while in group B it was 5.95±2.9 weeks. MVA was effective in 88% of participants while ENC was effective in 93.33% of participants (p-value, 261), which is not statistically significant. Conclusion: Surgical uterine evacuation utilizing MVA under local anesthetic is safe and successful, and it should be considered to minimize a lengthy hospital stay. MVA can be a viable alternative to surgical curettage like ENC. It is safe, cost-effective, and simple to conduct, eliminating general anesthetic, the requirement for theatre access, and an unnecessary hospital stay. Keywords: Manual Vacuum Aspiration, Evacuation, Curettage, miscarriage, efficacy.","PeriodicalId":16486,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medical Sciences","volume":"365 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135620683","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"CREATING A LEVEL PLAYING FIELD: ADDRESSING GENDER BIAS IN UNDERGRADUATE MEDICAL STUDENT ASSESSMENTS","authors":"Bibi Aliya, Farooq Ahmed, Lubna Kashif, Brekhna Jamil","doi":"10.52764/jms.23.31.3.17","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52764/jms.23.31.3.17","url":null,"abstract":"Objectives: To identify the mechanisms to reduce gender bias during assessments in undergraduate medical education. Material and Methods: A qualitative study with a phenomenological study design was conducted at a Public and Private Med- ical College in Peshawar, Pakistan, from July 2020 to October 2020. In this qualitative study, four gender-specific focal group interviews with undergraduate medical students and 10 individual interviews with senior faculty members were conducted by using a pre-tested & validated semi-structured interview guide. The interviews were recorded and transcribed verbatim. The thematic analysis of the data was done where codes were developed and organized into distinct categories giving rise to discrete themes. Data triangulation was done to increase the credibility and authenticity of the study. Results: Out of 24 students and 10 faculty members, half of the participants were females who shared their perceptions about mechanisms to counteract gender bias in medical education. The analysis revealed 24 codes that were labeled and organized into 10 categories. The 4 themes deducted from these categories were Anti-Bias Training, Surveillance of Exam- ination, Psychological Evaluation of Students & Faculty, and Transparency & Accountability. Conclusion: Gender bias can substantially affect medical students’ capacity to learn and succeed in their careers, is a well-es- tablished fact. Thus, to reduce gender bias in medical education, medical schools must take more excellent initiatives and promote anti-bias awareness sessions & workshops, post-examination feedback & reporting systems, and strict surveillance & accountability. Similarly, psychological evaluation of teachers & students, structured examination patterns, and promoting a panel of assessors for high stake exams are other strategies to counteract this issue in undergraduate medical education. Keywords: Assessment, Gender bias, Reduce, Undergraduate Medical Education","PeriodicalId":16486,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medical Sciences","volume":"53 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135620549","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"TRANEXAMIC ACID PLUS OXYTOCIN PROPHYLAXIS IN REDUCING BLOOD LOSS AND PREVENTING POSTPARTUM HEMORRHAGE DURING CESAREAN SECTION","authors":"Arzoo Gul Bangash, Sajida Riaz, Zubaida Akhtar, Talat Naz, Jamila M Naib","doi":"10.52764/jms.23.31.3.8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52764/jms.23.31.3.8","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: To find the efficacy of prophylactic tranexamic acid and Oxytocin in preventing postpartum hemorrhage during cesarean section as compared to uterotonic alone. Materials and Methods: A randomized clinical trial that was single-center, double-blind placebo-controlled was conducted in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Khyber Teaching Hospital, between 1st July 2021 to 31st December 2021. A total of 280 patients undergoing cesarean section were randomized to group A receiving tranexamic acid and uterotonic (oxytocin) and control group B having placebo and uterotonic(oxytocin) within three minutes of delivery of the baby. Blood loss after the cesarean section was calculated from blood volume and pre and post-operative hematocrit. The main outcome of the study was to establish the efficacy of tranexamic acid in decreasing the number of women with calculated estimated blood loss> 1000 ml. Secondary outcomes included differences in mean calculated blood loss, peripartum change in hematocrit, and postoperative blood transfusion in both groups. Data was analyzed by statistical package for social sciences(SPSS) version 23.0. Mean and standard deviation were calculated for numerical data and percentages, and frequencies for categorical variables. To see the effects of modifiers, post stratified t-test was used. P-value <0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: Both the groups were comparable for maternal age (28.4±4.5, 28.8±4.9) gestational age (37.71±1.61, 37.70±1.56), and parity (1.79±1.5, 2±1.6). Tranexamic acid significantly reduced the number of women with estimated calculated blood loss of > 1000 ml in group A to 10%(n=14) as compared to 18.6%(n=26) in group B (p-value<0.005). Secondary outcomes like mean calculated blood loss and postoperative blood transfusion were statistically insignificant between the two groups. Conclusion: Pregnant women who received prophylactic uterotonic agents and tranexamic acid treatment within three minutes of cesarean delivery, resulted in a lesser number of women with calculated estimated blood loss > 1000 ml than placebo. Key Words: Primary postpartum hemorrhage, Tranexamic acid, Cesarean section, Blood loss.","PeriodicalId":16486,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medical Sciences","volume":"25 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135620689","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"ASSESSMENT OF AWARENESS AND PRACTICES REGARDING BREAST CANCER AND ITS SCREENING METHODS AMONGST SCHOOL TEACHERS OF A RURAL DISTRICT IN PAKISTAN","authors":"Mahnoor Ahmed, Bibi Fatma, Waqar Ali, Nida Amin, Hadiqa Gul, Muhammad Hussain, None Ahtishamul Haq, Syeda Fatima","doi":"10.52764/jms.23.31.3.10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52764/jms.23.31.3.10","url":null,"abstract":"Objectives This survey was aimed to assess the knowledge and practices regarding breast cancer and its screening method among school teachers of district Swabi, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan Materials and methods This was a cross-sectional survey using 22 items of self-designed, validated, and translated questionnaire distributed amongst 177 public school female teachers distributed in February 2020 in the district of Swabi, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KP) province of Pakistan by using a purposive sampling method. Private school teachers and incomplete questionnaire responses were excluded. Baseline information about the age, educational status, marital status, and questionnaire was recorded on a printed proforma and was analyzed using SPSS-23. Results All 177 participants were females with an age range of 22-60 years and a mean age of 36 +-9.37. Qualification of participants ranged from masters to Ph. D, while the number of married teachers was about 2 times that of unmarried. Most of the respondents (95%) were aware of breast cancer due to varied sources like news, media, the internet, books, or via friends and family. Almost half of the respondents had heard about BSE and about 64% were aware of its significance. About 40% were aware that BSE should be started from puberty to age 30. About 70% of participants were perceiving BSE as a good practice to prevent breast cancer. About 60% had heard of mammography and most of them considered it a useful tool to prevent breast cancer. Conclusion Most of the participants of the study had knowledge of breast cancer gained via electronic and print media and 70 % were aware of BSE, while a small number of them were aware of mammography. This indicates that female school teachers, having better educational status, have enough knowledge and practice in breast cancer detection and prevention. Keywords: Breast cancer, Breast Cancer Screening (BSE), Mammography.","PeriodicalId":16486,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medical Sciences","volume":"58 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135620682","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"MYOCARDITIS IN CHILDREN PRESENTING WITH MEASLES- DATA FROM A TERTIARY CARE HOSPITAL IN PAKISTAN","authors":"Muhammad Hussain, Mohammad Irshad, Humera Adeeb, Mohsin Hayat, Ihsan Ullah","doi":"10.52764/jms.23.31.3.13","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52764/jms.23.31.3.13","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Measles is one of the commonest contagious diseases in children associated with numerous systemic complications.&#x0D; Objective: To find the frequency of Myocarditis in children suffering from measles.&#x0D; Methodology: This cross-sectional study was conducted in the department of pediatrics, MTI Lady Reading Hospital Peshawar from 6th December 2019 to 5th June 2020. A total of 96 patients of both genders and age range from 1-12 years having measles for more than one week were enrolled in the study after informed consent. Ethical approval for the study was obtained from Ethical Review board. Patient demographic data were collected on a structured proforma and frequency of children having clinical presentation of myocarditis was recorded. Data were entered and analyzed using SPSS 22.&#x0D; Results: The frequency of Myocarditis was 7.3% in children presented with Measles. The mean age was 6.6± 3.06 years. There were 47.9% males and 52.1% females. Most patients belonged to middle socioeconomic status i.e. 61.5%. Maternal education was 49% in 6-10 years of age group. In sampled population 46.9% belonged to urban area and 5.1% belonged to rural area. There were 18.8% vaccinated children and 81.3% were not vaccinated for measles. Myocarditis was significantly associated with younger age group (p-value 0.028), however there was no difference of gender (p-value 0.781). Children with low socioeconomic status had significantly higher frequency (p-value 0.05) of myocarditis.&#x0D; Conclusion: Myocarditis is commonly presented in children having measles especially patients in younger age group and belonging to poor socioeconomic status.","PeriodicalId":16486,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medical Sciences","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135620684","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"FETAL OUTCOMES IN PREGNANCIES COMPLICATED BY OLIGOHYDRAMNIOS- EXPERIENCE AT A TERTIARY CARE HOSPITAL","authors":"None Zubaida Akhtar, Fauzia Afridi, None Saima Gilani","doi":"10.52764/jms.23.31.3.4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52764/jms.23.31.3.4","url":null,"abstract":"OBJECTIVE: To find out the association between oligohydramnios and fetal outcome in terms of mode of delivery, the weight of the newborn baby, APGAR score at 1 and 5 minutes, and admission to the neonatology unit. MATERIALS &amp; METHODS: This prospective cohort study was conducted in Obstetrics and Gynaecology Department, Khyber Teaching Hospital, Peshawar from 1st June 2017 to 31st May 2018. Patients with singleton pregnancy and cephalic presentation with a period of gestation of about 37 weeks or above were included using a purposive non-probability sampling technique. A sample of 100 patients in Group A (exposed) whose AFI was < 5 in the absence of other associated risk factors were compared to 100 matched groups of subjects in Group B (non-exposed) with AFI 5—18. Pregnant women with gestational age <37 weeks, fetal congenital abnormalities, and pregnancies with co-morbidities like PIH, and pre-eclampsia were excluded from the study. RESULTS: The result comparison shows that Group A has a higher rate of labor induction and cesarean section than Group B. However, there was no statistically significant difference in the weight of the newborn, APGAR score at 1 and 5 minutes, and admission to the neonatology unit in both groups. CONCLUSION: Oligohydramnios is associated with a higher rate of induction of labor and cesarean section, but it does not affect the weight of newborn babies, APGAR score at 1 and 5 minutes, and admission of the newborn to the neonatology unit. Key Words: Oligohydramnios, Amniotic fluid, Cesarean section, Induction of labor, APGAR score, Perinatal outcome.","PeriodicalId":16486,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medical Sciences","volume":"16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135620688","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"VACCINATION STATUS AGAINST HEPATITIS B VIRUS AMONG YOUNG DOCTORS WORKING AT A PUBLIC SECTOR TEACHING HOSPITAL IN PESHAWAR","authors":"None Imran Ullah, Iqbal Haider, None Hameed Haidar Khan, None Muhammad Ishaq, None Sahal Arshad, None Muhammad Fayyaz","doi":"10.52764/jms.23.31.3.16","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52764/jms.23.31.3.16","url":null,"abstract":"Objectives: To determine the vaccination status and to find out reasons why young doctors working in KTH do not opt for vaccination against HBV. Material and Methods: This cross-sectional study was undertaken at Khyber teaching hospital, Peshawar, for four months. A self-administered questionnaire validated by Lynn Criteria and pilot testing for construct, face, and content validity was distributed among young doctors to obtain the vaccination rate and demographic data. Results: Of the total 150 doctors, who participated in the study, 68.5% were vaccinated. Among them, 38.9% were fully vaccinated with three doses, while the rest were partially vaccinated. The barrier to completing Vaccination in our study population was work overload, negligence, and non-availability of the vaccine. Conclusion: We observed a low rate of HBV vaccination among young doctors working at Khyber teaching hospital compared to our target vaccination rate. The major frame factors to complete Vaccination in our study population were work overload, negligence, and non-availability of vaccines. Different steps should be taken to ensure the Vaccination of all healthcare workers, including young doctors. Keywords: Hepatitis B Virus, Vaccination, Healthcare professionals.","PeriodicalId":16486,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medical Sciences","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135620847","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Protective Effect of Olive Leaves Extract in Male Rats after the Administration of Cimetidine","authors":"Asmaa Abdullah Khalid Moh, Omar Salim Ibrahim, Dakheel Hussen Hadri","doi":"10.3923/jms.2023.45.51","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3923/jms.2023.45.51","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":16486,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medical Sciences","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135748196","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Therapeutic Uses of Medical Cannabis: An Overview of its Functions in Disease Management","authors":"A.A.A. Kayode, S. Adrish, A. Muhammad, R. Amin, D. Muhammad, Z. Rida, G.O. Alabi, G.F. Okumede, O.T. Kayode","doi":"10.3923/jms.2023.24.31","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3923/jms.2023.24.31","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":16486,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medical Sciences","volume":"77 1-2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135789175","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}