Journal of microscopy最新文献

{"title":"UC2-ESP: A general-purpose framework for open-source microscopy control","authors":"Benedict Diederich,&nbsp;Ingo Fuchs,&nbsp;Haoran Wang,&nbsp;Holger Bierhoff,&nbsp;Christian Kuttke,&nbsp;Rainer Heintzmann","doi":"10.1111/jmi.70147","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jmi.70147","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Building the optical setup for investigating biological questions comes with challenges. A major such challenge is setting up and synchronizing the control of multiple hardware components such as stages, cameras and lasers. With UC2-ESP, we present a low-cost electronics system powered by the ESP32 microcontroller (∼$10), designed as an accessible, open-hardware alternative to commercial controllers for custom and open-source microscopy setups. Our system can interface with stepper motors, direct current motors, lasers (transistor-transistor logics, TTL or pulse width modulation, PWM), light-emitting diodes and analog voltage outputs (galvo mirrors and LED current control), allowing precise control over microscopy hardware. The platform is highly flexible, supporting custom pin configurations and multiple communication interfaces such as Bluetooth, universal serial bus (USB-serial) and HTTP via a built-in web server. A PlayStation controller can be used for haptic hardware manipulation, whereas commands are transmitted in a human-readable JSON format to ensure modularity and extensibility. The firmware is designed to receive parameters and execute actions dynamically, supporting complex control loops such as motor homing, stage scanning and temperature regulation via integrated controllers. Furthermore, the system integrates seamlessly with ImSwitch as well as Micro-Manager and offers a browser-based control tool using Web Serial. This open-source firmware enables microscopy research groups to develop custom setups and expand functionality efficiently, at low cost and high flexibility.</p>","PeriodicalId":16484,"journal":{"name":"Journal of microscopy","volume":"303 3","pages":"249-262"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2026-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jmi.70147","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148536037","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Quantitative evaluation of LED-based optical autofocus module","authors":"S. Habte,&nbsp;S. Kumar,&nbsp;J. Lightley,&nbsp;E. Garcia,&nbsp;M. A. A. Neil,&nbsp;P. M. W. French","doi":"10.1111/jmi.70148","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jmi.70148","url":null,"abstract":"<p>We report an improved version of the open-source optical autofocus (OAF) module (<i>openAF</i>) for light microscopy, replacing the superluminescent diode (SLD) with a multimode-optical fibre-coupled LED as a more accessible AF module light source. We also present a method for independently quantifying AF system performance using 2D autocorrelation analysis of astigmatic fluorescent nanobead images. We applied this method to evaluate both this new LED-based <i>openAF</i> module and our previous SLD-based module implemented on a microscope with a 100 × 1.4 numerical aperture oil-immersion objective lens. Our new approach compensates for AF light source power variation, and we demonstrate that the LED-based system can provide axial stability with a standard deviation below 10 nm for at least 45 min from a cold start as the LED power varies, whereas it reaches thermal equilibrium.</p>","PeriodicalId":16484,"journal":{"name":"Journal of microscopy","volume":"303 3","pages":"277-288"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2026-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jmi.70148","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148620377","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Convergence of cryo-electron microscopy and artificial intelligence in integrative structural biology: A critical review of advances, synergies, and implications for molecular biophysics and drug discovery","authors":"Abinawanto,&nbsp;Alfi Sophian","doi":"10.1111/jmi.70154","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jmi.70154","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Structural biology has entered a period of rapid methodological change defined by the convergence of cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) and artificial intelligence (AI)-driven structure prediction. Prior reviews have generally addressed cryo-EM instrumentation or AI structure prediction individually, or their combination primarily from a structural biology or drug discovery perspective; a microscopy-centred synthesis tracing this convergence from detector physics and image-processing workflows through validation standards to in situ cryo-electron tomography (cryo-ET), while situating AI tools specifically as inputs to and complements of the cryo-EM workflow, has been comparatively underexplored. This review provides such a synthesis, organised around: (i) the instrumentation, image-processing, and validation advances underlying cryo-EM's resolution gains, including detector physics, contrast transfer function (CTF) estimation, Bayesian and deep-learning-based particle picking and reconstruction, and map-to-model validation and deposition; (ii) cryo-electron tomography and subtomogram averaging (STA) for in situ structural biology, including deep generative approaches to heterogeneity analysis; and (iii) the AlphaFold2, AlphaFold3, and RoseTTAFold All-Atom systems, considered specifically in relation to how they interface with and depend upon cryo-EM data for model building, refinement, and validation. Building on this microscopy-centred account, we propose a three-tier classification framework for selecting between AI-primed, experiment-led, and in situ integrative pipelines, and we summarise performance, transparency, and accessibility differences between leading AI tools. We illustrate these methods with examples from membrane proteins, ion channels, and viral glycoproteins, and briefly note implications for structure-based drug design and for structural biology capacity in resource-limited settings. Throughout, we distinguish between demonstrated capability, exceptional proof-of-principle results, and routine practice, and identify the experimental and computational limitations that constrain each approach.</p>","PeriodicalId":16484,"journal":{"name":"Journal of microscopy","volume":"303 3","pages":"235-248"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2026-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148592282","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"WAFMGAN: A frequency-aware CycleGAN for structure-consistent virtual staining of transmission electron microscopy images","authors":"Haibin Wan,&nbsp;Weizhi Han,&nbsp;Yongye Zhu","doi":"10.1111/jmi.70155","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jmi.70155","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Conventional transmission electron microscopy (TEM) staining improves image contrast but requires additional sample preparation, consumes reagents and tissue, and may introduce deformation, local mismatch, or tissue loss. When strictly paired stained and unstained sections are difficult to obtain, unpaired virtual staining provides a practical route for improving the readability of unstained TEM images while retaining correspondence with source-image structural cues. This paper presents WAFMGAN, a frequency-aware CycleGAN framework that combines Wavelet Asymmetric Frequency Mamba (WAFM) blocks for low-frequency-dominant global staining transfer and long-range structural coordination with a Frequency-Adaptive Gated Refinement (FAGR) block for later-stage boundary and texture refinement. On the mouse renal TEM test set, WAFMGAN achieved an FID of 14.8064 and a KID(<span></span><math>\u0000 <semantics>\u0000 <mrow>\u0000 <mo>×</mo>\u0000 <mn>100</mn>\u0000 </mrow>\u0000 <annotation>$times 100$</annotation>\u0000 </semantics></math>) of 0.5074 <span></span><math>\u0000 <semantics>\u0000 <mo>±</mo>\u0000 <annotation>$pm$</annotation>\u0000 </semantics></math> 0.0417, representing reductions of 23.0% and 47.3% relative to CycleGAN. At the original-micrograph-pair level, WAFMGAN achieved SSIM, MS-SSIM, CSS, and Gradient-SSIM values of 0.9796, 0.9874, 0.9825, and 0.9889, respectively, and all four structure-related metrics were significantly higher than those of every evaluated baseline after Holm–Bonferroni correction. Output-level frequency analysis further showed lower wavelet-domain discrepancy than CycleGAN on all four tissue sets and lower high-frequency Fourier discrepancy on the renal, heart, and liver sets. These results demonstrate that WAFMGAN improves stained-domain distribution and frequency matching while maintaining strong source-image structural consistency. WAFMGAN therefore provides a useful frequency-aware approach for improving the readability of unstained TEM images while maintaining source-image structural cues.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":16484,"journal":{"name":"Journal of microscopy","volume":"303 3","pages":"289-311"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2026-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148794353","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Practical crystallography with a transmission electron microscope","authors":"Benjamin L Weare,&nbsp;Kayleigh L Y Fung,&nbsp;Ian Cardillo-Zallo,&nbsp;William J Cull,&nbsp;Michael W Fay,&nbsp;Stephen P Argent,&nbsp;Paul D Brown","doi":"10.1111/jmi.70151","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jmi.70151","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;Three-dimensional electron diffraction (3DED) is a powerful technique providing for crystal structure solutions of sub-micron sized crystals too small for structure determination via X-ray techniques. The entry requirement, however, of a transmission electron microscope (TEM) adapted with bespoke software for coordinated sample stage rotation and continuous electron diffraction data acquisition has generally inhibited the wider uptake of 3DED. To address this limitation, we present novel &lt;i&gt;DigitalMicrograph&lt;/i&gt; script &lt;i&gt;GiveMeED&lt;/i&gt; appropriate for controlled 3DED data acquisition. The collection of useable reflections beyond 0.8 Å makes 3DED crystallographic processing effectively routine, using standard software and workflows derived from single-crystal X-ray diffraction (SCXRD) techniques. A full experimental workflow for 3DED on a conventional TEM is described in practical terms, in combination with direct imaging, and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) and electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS), for the return of comprehensive correlative descriptions of crystal morphologies and sample compositions, with due regard for the quantification of electron flux at each stage of the characterisation process. The accuracy and effectiveness of &lt;i&gt;GiveMeED&lt;/i&gt; is demonstrated through structure solutions for case study paracetamol, copper(II) phthalocyanine, and percholorocoronene samples, characterised in their near-native states under controlled low dose conditions at either room or cryogenic temperatures, with determined unit cell parameters and atomic connectivity matching accepted literature X-ray structures for these compounds. To promote the wider adoption of 3DED, we make &lt;i&gt;GiveMeED&lt;/i&gt; freely available for use and modification, in support of greater uptake and utilisation of structure solution procedures via electron diffraction.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;LAY DESCRIPTION&lt;/b&gt;: Crystallography is the study of crystal structure and properties via diffraction pattern analysis, generated transmitting short-wavelength radiation (X-rays, electrons) through molecular crystals. A key application is solving crystal structures, in fields such as drug discovery, protein structure investigation, and framework material synthesis. Three-dimensional electron diffraction (3DED) is a powerful technique for determining crystal structures, often performed using a transmission electron microscope (TEM), suited to analysis of sub-micron sized crystals that are too small for X-ray diffraction methods, providing crystallographic characterisation of materials otherwise be inaccessible to diffraction methods. In a 3DED experiment, a series of diffraction patterns are recorded from a crystal rotated under electron beam illumination while the microscope is in diffraction mode. The 2D diffraction patterns are used to reconstruct the 3D diffraction sphere, to which established crystallographic techniques are applied to solve the crystal structure. Correlative structural and ","PeriodicalId":16484,"journal":{"name":"Journal of microscopy","volume":"303 3","pages":"263-276"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2026-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148579066","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A drift-aware framework for reliability assessment and image-based interpretation of atomic force microscopy measurements","authors":"D. Gemici Deveci,&nbsp;Ö. Ünverdi,&nbsp;B. Yenen,&nbsp;S. N. Sönmez,&nbsp;H. Ö. Özer","doi":"10.1111/jmi.70160","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jmi.70160","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Drift is one of the primary sources of uncertainty limiting the accuracy, repeatability, and reliability of scanning probe microscopy (SPM) measurements, with a particularly significant effect on the comparison of consecutive surface topography images. In this study, a two-module hybrid physical–computational framework is presented for the drift-aware interpretation and reliability assessment of consecutive AFM topography measurements. The first module integrates deep learning (DL)-based inter-frame correspondence extraction, geometric validation, physical coordinate reconstruction, scan-order-based acquisition-time assignment, inter-scan delay correction, and temperature synchronisation to generate a time-labelled drift representation. The second module uses this structured representation for comparative data-driven modelling and evaluates drift velocity (<span></span><math>\u0000 <semantics>\u0000 <msub>\u0000 <mi>v</mi>\u0000 <mi>d</mi>\u0000 </msub>\u0000 <annotation>$v_d$</annotation>\u0000 </semantics></math>), model performance, and stability through temperature-included and temperature-excluded configurations. This structure enables the joint analysis of validated correspondences in terms of lateral displacement, relative height variation, acquisition time, <span></span><math>\u0000 <semantics>\u0000 <msub>\u0000 <mi>v</mi>\u0000 <mi>d</mi>\u0000 </msub>\u0000 <annotation>$v_d$</annotation>\u0000 </semantics></math>, drift direction, and synchronously recorded ambient temperature, together with their physical coordinate labels. The results indicate that the proposed framework should be positioned not as a universal drift-correction method, but as a complementary and modular analysis approach that supports the drift-aware interpretation, comparison, and reliability assessment of consecutive AFM topography measurements.</p>","PeriodicalId":16484,"journal":{"name":"Journal of microscopy","volume":"303 3","pages":"312-326"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2026-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148794412","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Beyond single cells: Ten years of commercial lattice light-sheet microscopy.","authors":"Helena L E Coker, David S Corcoran","doi":"10.1111/jmi.70159","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jmi.70159","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Lattice light-sheet microscopy (LLSM) enables gentle, rapid, volumetric fluorescence imaging of living biological systems. The technique employs Bessel beam interference to produce a light-sheet which retains its thickness over a relatively large field-of-view compared to other light-sheets. In the decade since its commercialisation, LLSM has become an important tool for imaging dynamic cellular processes, while increasingly being applied to multicellular specimens including organoids, embryos, tissue explants and small model organisms. This primer introduces the optical principles and acquisition geometry of LLSM, with particular emphasis on commercial systems and the computational processing required to transform tilted stage-scan data into biologically interpretable image volumes. We discuss the strengths of LLSM for long-term, multicolour imaging, as well as its integration with advanced modalities including structured illumination and single-molecule localisation approaches. Focusing on applications beyond single cells, we examine practical considerations that determine experimental success, including sample suitability and preparation, acquisition strategy, and data handling. We further highlight the substantial computational challenges associated with LLSM, and open source tools available to support processing and analysis.</p>","PeriodicalId":16484,"journal":{"name":"Journal of microscopy","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2026-08-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148829424","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"SynapTrack: An automated tool for synapse quantification.","authors":"Carlos Gallego-García, Elena Martínez-Blanco, F Javier Díez-Guerra","doi":"10.1111/jmi.70157","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jmi.70157","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Reliable synapse quantification remains challenging, particularly in high-throughput fluorescence imaging workflows. Here we present SynapTrack, a fully automated FIJI/ImageJ-based tool for quantifying synapses in cultured neurons and brain tissue sections with minimal user intervention. SynapTrack combines channel-specific preprocessing, background subtraction, and SynQuant-based detection of colocalised pre- and postsynaptic puncta. In cultured neurons, it additionally measures cell number and total dendritic length, enabling normalisation of synapse counts per cell and per 10 micrometer of dendrite. Using hippocampal cultures, SynapTrack reliably quantified excitatory and inhibitory synapses, captured the expected predominance of excitatory contacts, and reduced inter-sample variability through structural normalisation. Compared with SynBot, SynapTrack detected more synapses while better preserving biologically meaningful differences between synapse types. For tissue sections, in which cell counting and dendritic segmentation are impractical, we developed SynapTrack_Tissue, an adapted workflow based on presynaptic-postsynaptic colocalisation alone. Despite the lack of cellular normalisation, this approach produced stable measurements across heterogeneous neuropil regions. Because all spatial parameters are defined in micrometres, analysis settings are portable across imaging systems. SynapTrack therefore provides a standardised and scalable framework for synapse quantification in both cultured neurons and tissue sections.</p>","PeriodicalId":16484,"journal":{"name":"Journal of microscopy","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2026-08-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148678980","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multimodal illumination for quantitative transmitted-light microscopy.","authors":"Ewan Drever-Smith, Flavius C Pascut, George I Wadsworth, Veeren M Chauhan, Kevin F Webb","doi":"10.1111/jmi.70156","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jmi.70156","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Compact Open-Source Multimodal Illumination Cluster ('COSMIC') is a condenser-free illumination module that enables bright field, dark field, diascopic fluorescence and differential phase contrast (DPC) imaging on both commercial and open-source microscope platforms. COSMIC is constructed using low-cost, widely available components and is controlled through µManager, facilitating straightforward integration into existing imaging systems. We demonstrate multimodal transmitted-light imaging of live cell cocultures and living Caenorhabditis elegans specimens, including quantitative phase imaging (QPI) derived from DPC measurements. We further validate and calibrate quantitative DPC (qDPC) using a quantitative phase target on a range of open-source and commercial systems and introduce a practical method for optimising the axial position of the illuminator without access to the objective's back focal plane. COSMIC provides an effortless route to multimodal and quantitative phase imaging on any optical microscopy system, using minimal optical hardware and supporting both research-grade and resource constrained microscopy environments.</p>","PeriodicalId":16484,"journal":{"name":"Journal of microscopy","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2026-08-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148669880","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhanced biocompatibility of robotic microplasma sprayed Zr-2.5Nb coatings for orthopaedic implants.","authors":"Darya Alontseva, Yuliya Safarova Yantsen, Sergii Voinarovych, Alexander Krasavin, Aleksei Obrosov, Bagdat Azamatov","doi":"10.1111/jmi.70152","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jmi.70152","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The surface bioactivity of orthopaedic implants plays a critical role in osseointegration and long-term clinical performance. In this study, zirconium-niobium (Zr-2.5Nb) coatings were deposited onto gas-abrasively treated Ti6Al4V alloy substrates using robot-assisted microplasma spraying (MPS) to enhance implant bioactivity. The MPS parameters were selected to produce uniform coatings with controlled porosity (∼20%), rough surface, and satisfactory adhesion to the substrate. Surface topography and microstructure of coated specimens were characterised using confocal laser scanning microscopy and scanning electron microscopy, and compared with the uncoated Ti6Al4V alloy. Zr-2.5Nb coatings exhibited significantly increased surface roughness and a developed microrelief. In vitro angiogenesis assays using human umbilical vein endothelial cells demonstrated enhanced microvascular network formation on Zr-2.5Nb-coated surfaces. Biocompatibility assessment with rat bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stromal cells revealed improved cell adhesion, spreading, and cytoskeletal organisation. These findings demonstrate that robot-assisted MPS of Zr-2.5Nb coatings on titanium implants with precise maintenance of selected spraying parameters can provide a biologically favourable surface that promotes angiogenic responses and represents a promising approach to enhancing the implant biocompatibility. LAY DESCRIPTION: Robotic microplasma spraying of Zr-2.5Nb onto Ti6Al4V implants produced porous coatings that supported endothelial network formation and mesenchymal stromal cell adhesion - two processes central to implant survival. The porous microarchitecture and zirconium surface chemistry work together to create conditions that the surrounding tissue actually responds to. These findings point to a practical coating strategy that could meaningfully improve the integration of orthopaedic implants with bone and vasculature.</p>","PeriodicalId":16484,"journal":{"name":"Journal of microscopy","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2026-07-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148604252","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}