Journal of microencapsulation最新文献

{"title":"Microencapsulation of <i>Bacillus subtilis</i> and oat β-glucan and their application as a synbiotic in fish feed.","authors":"Angélica Priscila do Carmo Alves,&nbsp;Amanda do Carmo Alves,&nbsp;Rodney Alexandre Ferreira Rodrigues,&nbsp;Brunno da Silva Cerozi,&nbsp;José Eurico Possebon Cyrino","doi":"10.1080/02652048.2023.2220394","DOIUrl":"10.1080/02652048.2023.2220394","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>To improve survival during storage and exposure to adverse conditions, <i>Bacillus subtilis</i> was microencapsulated with oat β-glucan by spray-drying technology. The characterisation of the microcapsules was designed to compare free and microencapsulated cells through exposure to simulated gastric fluids (SGF) throughout storage for 90 days at different temperatures. The characterisation included analysis of efficiency, morphology, moisture, water activity, hygroscopicity, particle size, and zeta potential. The microcapsules presented a particle size of 1.5 ± 0.34 μm and an encapsulation efficiency of 77.9 ± 3.06%. After SGF, the survival of microencapsulated cells was 8.4 ± 0.07 log CFU mL^-1 while that of free cells was 7.6 ± 0.06 log CFU mL^-1. After 90 days of storage, only microencapsulated cells remained above 6 log-unit of viability. In conclusion, spray-drying technique combined with the addition of oat β-glucan proved to be an efficient method to protect <i>B. subtilis</i> under storage and SGF with potential application in fish feed.</p>","PeriodicalId":16391,"journal":{"name":"Journal of microencapsulation","volume":" ","pages":"491-501"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2023-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9588418","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tacrolimus loaded nanostructured lipid carriers using Moringa oleifera seed oil: design, optimization and in-vitro evaluations.","authors":"Rajat Garg,&nbsp;Anuj Garg","doi":"10.1080/02652048.2023.2231075","DOIUrl":"10.1080/02652048.2023.2231075","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The proposed research aims to develop Tacrolimus-loaded nanostructured lipid carriers (TAC-loaded NLCs) to overcome poor aqueous solubility and dissolution rate to enhance its oral absorption. A central composite design was used to optimise the amount of Poloxamer 188 and D-α-Tocopherol-polyethylene-glycol-succinate (TPGS). The optimised TAC-loaded NLCs contain stearic acid (250 mg), <i>Moringa oleifera</i> (MO) seed oil (50 mg), TAC (Tacrolimus: 10 mg), TPGS (60 mg), and Poloxamer 188 (1% w/v) with a mean diameter of 393.3 ± 29.68 nm, a zeta potential of -18.3 ± 6.19 mV, high entrapment efficiency (92.12 ± 1.14% w/w), and desirability (0.989). TAC-loaded NLCs showed ∼12 times higher drug dissolution efficiency, while <i>in-vitro</i> anti-inflammatory studies showed ∼1.8 times lower IC₅₀ (half-maximal inhibitory concentration) than TAC suspension. The lyophilised TAC-loaded NLCs were found to be stable after 3 months. Thus, the present study concludes the successful encapsulation of TAC in NLCs made of stearic acid and MO seed oil.</p>","PeriodicalId":16391,"journal":{"name":"Journal of microencapsulation","volume":" ","pages":"502-516"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2023-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9741303","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Diruthenium(II-III)-ibuprofen-loaded chitosan-based microparticles and nanoparticles systems: encapsulation, characterisation, anticancer activity of the nanoformulations against U87MG human glioma cells.","authors":"Hanif Ur-Rehman,&nbsp;Bárbara Fornaciari,&nbsp;Samara R Alves,&nbsp;Alison Colquhoun,&nbsp;Denise de Oliveira Silva","doi":"10.1080/02652048.2023.2258967","DOIUrl":"10.1080/02652048.2023.2258967","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The aim of this work was to investigate novel formulations containing diruthenium(II-III)-ibuprofen (RuIbp) metallodrug encapsulated into the chitosan (CT) biopolymer. Microparticles (RuIbp/CT MPs, ∼ 1 µm) were prepared by spray-drying, and RuIbp/CT-crosslinked nanoparticles (NPs) by ionic gelation (RuIbp/CT-TPP, TPP = tripolyphosphate <b>(1)</b>, RuIbp/CT-TPP-PEG, PEG = poly(ethyleneglycol <b>(2)</b>) or pre-gel/polyelectrolyte complex method (RuIbp/CT-ALG, ALG = alginate <b>(3)</b>). Ru analysis was conducted by energy dispersive x-ray fluorescence or inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy, and physicochemical characterisation by powder x-ray diffraction, electronic absorption and FTIR spectroscopies, electrospray ionisation mass spectrometry, thermal analysis, scanning electron, transition electron and atomic force microscopies, and dynamic light scattering. The RuIbp-loaded nanosystems exhibited encapsulation efficiency ∼ 20-37%, drug loading∼ 10-20% (w/w), hydrodynamic diameter (nm): 103.2 ± 7.9 <b>(1)</b>, 91.7 ± 12.6 <b>(2)</b>, 270.2 ± 58.4 <b>(3)</b>, zeta potential (mV): +(47.7 ± 2.8) <b>(1)</b>, +(49.2 ± 3.6) <b>(2)</b>, -(28.2 ± 2.0) <b>(3)</b>. Nanoformulation <b>(1)</b> showed the highest cytotoxicity with increased efficacy in relation to the RuIbp free metallodrug against U87MG human glioma cells.</p>","PeriodicalId":16391,"journal":{"name":"Journal of microencapsulation","volume":" ","pages":"549-565"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2023-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10564676","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dual drug loaded polypeptide delivery systems for cancer therapy.","authors":"Natalia Zashikhina,&nbsp;Erik Gandalipov,&nbsp;Apollinariia Dzhuzha,&nbsp;Viktor Korzhikov-Vlakh,&nbsp;Evgenia Korzhikova-Vlakh","doi":"10.1080/02652048.2023.2270064","DOIUrl":"10.1080/02652048.2023.2270064","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The present study was aimed to prepare and examine <i>in vitro</i> novel dual-drug loaded delivery systems. Biodegradable nanoparticles based on poly(L-glutamic acid-<i>co</i>-D-phenylalanine) were used as nanocarriers for encapsulation of two drugs from the paclitaxel, irinotecan, and doxorubicin series. The developed delivery systems were characterised with hydrodynamic diameters less than 300 nm (PDI < 0.3). High encapsulation efficiencies (≥75%) were achieved for all single- and dual-drug formulations. The release studies showed faster release at acidic pH, with the release rate decreasing over time. The release patterns of the co-encapsulated forms of substances differed from those of the separately encapsulated drugs, suggesting differences in drug-polymer interactions. The joint action of encapsulated drugs was analysed using the colon cancer cells, both for the dual-drug delivery sytems and a mixture of single-drug formulations. The encapsulated forms of the drug combinations demonstrated comparable efficacy to the free forms, with the encapsulation enhancing solubility of the hydrophobic drug paclitaxel.</p>","PeriodicalId":16391,"journal":{"name":"Journal of microencapsulation","volume":" ","pages":"1-19"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2023-10-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41203423","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"<i>In-vitro</i> and <i>in-vivo</i> evaluation and anti-colitis activity of esculetin-loaded nanostructured lipid carrier decorated with DSPE-MPEG2000.","authors":"Feng Shi,&nbsp;Wenxiong Yin,&nbsp;Michael Adu-Frimpong,&nbsp;Xiaoxiao Li,&nbsp;Xiaoli Xia,&nbsp;Weigang Sun,&nbsp;Hao Ji,&nbsp;Elmurat Toreniyazov,&nbsp;Wang Qilong,&nbsp;Xia Cao,&nbsp;Jiangnan Yu,&nbsp;Ximing Xu","doi":"10.1080/02652048.2023.2215345","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/02652048.2023.2215345","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Encapsulation of esculetin into DSPE-MPEG2000 carrier was performed to improve its water solubility and oral bioavailability, as well as enhance its anti-inflammatory effect on a mouse model of ulcerative colitis that was induced with dextran sulphate sodium (DSS).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We determined the <i>in-vitro</i> and <i>in-vivo</i> high-performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) analysis method of esculetin; Esculetin-loaded nanostructure lipid carrier (Esc-NLC) was prepared using a thin-film dispersion method, wherein a particle size analyser was used to measure the particle size (PS) and zeta potential (ZP) of the Esc-NLC, while a transmission electron microscope (TEM) was employed to observe its morphology. Also, HPLC was used to measure its drug loading (DL), encapsulation efficiency (EE) and the <i>in-vitro</i> release of the preparation, as well as investigate the pharmacokinetic parameters. In addition, its anti-colitis effect was evaluated via histopathological examination of HE-stained sections and detection of the concentrations of tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin (IL)-1 beta (β), and IL-6 in serum with ELISA kits.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The PS of Esc-NLC was 102.29 ± 0.63 nm with relative standard deviation (RSD) of 1.08% (with poly-dispersity index-PDI of 0.197 ± 0.023), while the ZP was -15.67 ± 1.39 mV with RSD of 1.24%. Solubility of esculetin was improved coupled with prolonged release time. Its pharmacokinetic parameters were compared with that of free esculetin, wherein the maximum concentration of the drug in plasma was increased by 5.5 times. Of note, bioavailability of the drug was increased by 1.7 times, while the half-life was prolonged by 2.4 times. In the anti-colitis efficacy experiment, the mice in Esc and Esc-NLC groups exhibited significantly reduced levels of TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 in their sera comparable to the DSS group. Colon histopathological examination revealed that mice with ulcerative colitis in both Esc and Esc-NLC groups displayed improved inflammation, amid the Esc-NLC groups having the best prophylactic treatment effect.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Esc-NLC could ameliorate DSS-induced ulcerative colitis by improving bioavailability, prolonging drug release time and regulating cytokine release. This observation confirmed the potential of Esc-NLC to reduce inflammation in ulcerative colitis, albeit the need for follow-up research to verify the application of this strategy to clinical treatment of ulcerative colitis.</p>","PeriodicalId":16391,"journal":{"name":"Journal of microencapsulation","volume":"40 6","pages":"442-455"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9995398","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhancement of ocular anti-glaucomic activity of agomelatine through fabrication of hyaluronic acid modified-elastosomes: formulation, statistical optimisation<i>, in vitro</i> characterisation, histopathological study, and <i>in vivo</i> assessment.","authors":"Asmaa Ashraf Nemr,&nbsp;Galal Mohamed El-Mahrouk,&nbsp;Hany Abdo Badie","doi":"10.1080/02652048.2023.2215326","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/02652048.2023.2215326","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aim: </strong>The aim of this manuscript was to fabricate agomelatine (AGM) loaded elastosomes to improve its corneal permeation and ocular bioavailability. AGM is a biopharmaceutical classification system (BCS) class II with low water solubility and high membrane permeability. It has a potent agonistic action on melatonin receptors, so it is used for glaucoma treatment.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Elastosomes were made using modified ethanol injection technique according to a 2² × 4¹ full factorial design. The chosen factors were: edge activators (EAs) type, surfactant percent (SAA %w/w), and cholesterol:surfactant ratio (CH:SAA ratio). The studied responses were encapsulation efficiency percent (EE%), mean diameter, polydispersity index (PDI), zeta potential (ZP), percentage of drug released after two hours (<i>Q</i>_2h%), and 24 hours (<i>Q</i>_24h%).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The optimum formula with the desirability of 0.752 was composed of Brij98 as EA type, 15%w/w SAA%, and 1:1 CH:SAA ratio. It revealed EE% of 73.22%w/v and mean diameter, PDI, ZP, <i>Q</i>_2h%, and <i>Q</i>_24h% values of 484.25 nm, 0.31, -30.75 mV, 32.7%w/v, and 75.6%w/v, respectively. It demonstrated acceptable stability for three months and superior elasticity than its conventional liposome. The histopathological study ensured the tolerability of its ophthalmic application. Also, it was proven to be safe from the results of the pH and refractive index tests. The <i>in vivo</i> pharmacodynamic parameters of the optimum formula revealed dominance in a maximum % decrease in intraocular pressure (IOP), the area under the IOP response curve, and mean residence time with the value of 82.73%w/v, 820.69%h, and 13.98 h compared to that of the AGM solution (35.92%w/v, 181.30%h, and 7.52 h).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Elastosomes can be a promising option to improve AGM ocular bioavailability.</p>","PeriodicalId":16391,"journal":{"name":"Journal of microencapsulation","volume":"40 6","pages":"423-441"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9995400","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nanoencapsulation and characterisation of <i>Hypericum perforatum</i> for the treatment of neuropathic pain.","authors":"Radha Goel,&nbsp;Nitin Kumar,&nbsp;Neelam Singh,&nbsp;Rosaline Mishra","doi":"10.1080/02652048.2023.2215306","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/02652048.2023.2215306","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aim: </strong>This work aimed to encapsulate <i>Hypericum perforatum</i> extract (HPE) into nanophytosomes (NPs) and assess the therapeutic efficacy of this nanocarrier in neuropathic pain induced by partial sciatic nerve ligation (PSNL).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Hydroalcoholic extract of <i>Hypericum perforatum</i> was prepared and encapsulated into NPs by thin layer hydration method. Particle size, zeta potential, TEM, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), entrapment efficiency (%EE), and loading capacity (LC) of NPs were reported. The biochemical and histopathological examinations were measured in the sciatic nerve.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Particle size, zeta potential, %EE, and LC were 104.7 ± 1.529 nm, -8.93 ± 1.71 mV, 87.23 ± 1.3%, and 53.12 ± 1.7%, respectively. TEM revealed well-formed and distinct vesicles. NPHPE (NPs of HPE) was significantly more effective than HPE in reducing PSNL-inducing pain. Antioxidant levels and sciatic nerve histology were reversed to normal with NPHPE.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This study demonstrates that encapsulating HPE with phytosomes is an effective therapeutic approach for neuropathic pain.</p>","PeriodicalId":16391,"journal":{"name":"Journal of microencapsulation","volume":"40 6","pages":"402-411"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9995397","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Preparation and curing behaviour of microencapsulated curing agents for cold-mixed epoxy asphalt.","authors":"Qiaoliang Xiong,&nbsp;Juntao Du,&nbsp;Minxin Zhang,&nbsp;Huina Jia,&nbsp;Tianjin Li,&nbsp;Yi Nie","doi":"10.1080/02652048.2023.2215316","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/02652048.2023.2215316","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study aimed to improve control over the curing behaviour of cold-mixed epoxy asphalt by using a microencapsulated curing agent (2-PZ@PC). Prepared through solvent evaporation, the 2-PZ@PC microcapsules had 2-phenylimidazole as the core material and polycarbonate as the shell material. The research examined the impact of core-shell mass ratio on microcapsule morphology and composition. Various equations, including the kinetics equation, Kissinger equation, Flynn-Wall-Ozawa, and Crane equations, were employed to assess the sustained release effect of 2-PZ@PC microcapsules on epoxy resin curing behaviour. Fluorescence microscopy and viscosity experiments were used to observe the release state of microcapsules and confirm the retardation phenomenon during construction. Optimal 2-PZ@PC microcapsules displayed a smooth spherical morphology and a maximum encapsulation rate of 32 wt% at a 1:1 core-shell ratio. The microencapsulated curing agent effectively regulated cold-mixed epoxy asphalt's curing behaviour, enhancing retention time control and application reliability.</p>","PeriodicalId":16391,"journal":{"name":"Journal of microencapsulation","volume":"40 6","pages":"412-422"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9995401","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"High internal phase Pickering emulsions stabilised by ultrasound-induced soy protein-β-glucan-catechin complex nanoparticles to enhance the stability and bioaccessibility of curcumin.","authors":"Xutao Chen,&nbsp;Junrong Huang,&nbsp;Linlin Chen,&nbsp;Xiaona Chen,&nbsp;Danxia Su,&nbsp;Bei Jin","doi":"10.1080/02652048.2023.2220387","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/02652048.2023.2220387","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aims: </strong>To evaluate the potential applications of soy protein-glucan-catechin (SGC) complexes prepared with different ultrasound times in stabilising high internal phase Pickering emulsion (HIPPE) and delivering curcumin.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The SGC complexes were characterised by particle size, morphology, zeta potential, Fourier transform infra-red, and fluorescence spectroscopy. Formation and stability of curcumin emulsions were monitored by droplet size, microstructure, rheological property, lipid oxidation, and <i>in vitro</i> digestion.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Short-time ultrasound-induced complexes (SGC-U15) exhibited a small size and wettability of ∼82.5°. The chemical stability and bioaccessibility of curcumin was greatly improved by SGC-U15-stabilised HIPPEs, even after 70 days of storage, heating at 100 °C for 30 min, ultraviolet irradiation for 120 min, and <i>in vitro</i> digestion, owing to the formation of elastic gel-like structure at the oil/water interfaces.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Our findings may contribute to the design of emulsion-based delivery systems using ultrasound-induced protein-polysaccharide-polyphenol complexes.</p>","PeriodicalId":16391,"journal":{"name":"Journal of microencapsulation","volume":"40 6","pages":"456-474"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9997379","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Chitooligosaccharide-catechin conjugate loaded liposome using different stabilising agents: characteristics, stability, and bioactivities.","authors":"Ajay Mittal,&nbsp;Avtar Singh,&nbsp;Hui Hong,&nbsp;Soottawat Benjakul","doi":"10.1080/02652048.2023.2209658","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/02652048.2023.2209658","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aim: </strong>To determine the optimum condition for preparing chitooligosaccharide-catechin conjugate (COS-CAT) liposomes using different stabilising agents.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>COS-CAT liposomes (0.1-1%, w/v) were prepared using soy phosphatidylcholine (SPC) (50-200 mM) and glycerol or cholesterol (25-100 mg). Encapsulation efficiency (EE), loading capacity (LC), physicochemical characteristics, FTIR spectra, thermal stability, and structure of COS-CAT liposomes were assessed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>COS-CAT loaded liposome stabilised by cholesterol (COS-CAT-CHO) showed higher stability as shown by the highest EE (76.81%) and LC (4.57%) and the lowest zeta potential (ZP) (-76.51 mV), polydispersity index (PDI) (0.2674) and releasing efficiency (RE) (53.54%) (<i>p</i> < 0.05). COS-CAT-CHO showed the highest retention and relative remaining bioactivities of COS-CAT under various conditions (<i>p</i> < 0.05). FTIR spectra revealed the interaction between the choline group of SPC and -OH groups of COS-CAT. Phase transition temperature of COS-CAT-CHO was shifted to 184 °C, which was higher than others (<i>p</i> < 0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>SPC and cholesterol-based liposome could be used as a promising vesicle for maintaining bioactivities of COS-CAT.</p>","PeriodicalId":16391,"journal":{"name":"Journal of microencapsulation","volume":"40 6","pages":"385-401"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9997340","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}