Journal of Nanobiotechnology最新文献

{"title":"Engineered MEVs for photoreceptor-targeted delivery of USP25 to alleviate diabetic retinopathy.","authors":"Yaoxiang Sun, Shenyuan Chen, Xiaoyuan Qi, Yuntong Sun, Zhengmei Jiang, Jie Chang, Yongjun Ma, Jin Huang, Benshuai You, Fengtian Sun","doi":"10.1186/s12951-025-03671-w","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12951-025-03671-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is the major cause of vision decline in adults worldwide. Photoreceptor loss is considered a main pathogenesis of retinal dysfunction in DR. Recently, mesenchymal stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles (MEVs) treatment has been considered a promising cell-free approach for retinal disorders. However, the role and mechanism of MEVs in alleviating photoreceptor injury in DR remain unclear. In this study, MEV treatment improved retinal function and inhibited photoreceptor apoptosis in db/db mice. Mechanistically, the deubiquitinating enzyme ubiquitin-specific peptidase 25 (USP25) in MEVs was responsible for the MEV-mediated photoreceptor therapy by inhibiting hyperglycemia-induced αA-crystallin (CRYAA) ubiquitination. Moreover, USP25-enriched MEVs modified with the photoreceptor-targeting peptide MH42 (MEVs^MH42-USP25) were prepared by genetic engineering and surface conjugation. MEVs^MH42-USP25 exhibited elevated repairing efficiency to attenuate retinal dysfunction and photoreceptor loss in db/db mice. Our study develops an MEV-based nanocarrier for photoreceptor-targeted delivery and highlights the effectiveness of MEVs^MH42-USP25 as novel therapeutics for DR.</p>","PeriodicalId":16383,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nanobiotechnology","volume":"23 1","pages":"575"},"PeriodicalIF":12.6,"publicationDate":"2025-08-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12366390/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144883034","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"hUMSC-Exosomes suppress TREM1-p38 MAPK signaling via HMGB1-dependent mechanisms to reprogram microglial function and promote neuroprotection in ischemic stroke.","authors":"Zengyu Zhang, Rong Ji, Zhuohang Liu, Zhiwen Jiang, Min Chu, Yong Wang, Jing Zhao","doi":"10.1186/s12951-025-03652-z","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12951-025-03652-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Ischemic stroke induces profound neuroinflammation, where microglial activation exacerbates secondary brain injury. Human umbilical mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes (hUMSC-Exos) exhibit therapeutic potential, but their mechanisms in modulating microglial responses remain incompletely understood.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Following intranasal administration, hUMSC-Exos selectively accumulated in ischemic brain regions and were internalized by microglia. In transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (tMCAO) mice, hUMSC-Exos improved neurological outcomes, reduced neuronal apoptosis, and promoted a sustained shift in microglial polarization toward an anti-inflammatory phenotype-evidenced by suppressed pro-inflammatory and elevated anti-inflammatory markers in peri-infarct areas. These effects were replicated in LPS/IFN-γ-stimulated primary microglia and BV2 cells. Microglia-specific RNA sequencing revealed that hUMSC-Exos reversed tMCAO-induced pro-inflammatory and migratory transcriptional programs, concurrently suppressing p38 MAPK while activating immunoregulatory pathways. TREM1 emerged as a critical node, with hUMSC-Exos downregulating its expression in microglia; pharmacological TREM1 inhibition (LP17) synergistically augmented the suppression of microglial activation, migration, and proliferation. Mechanistically, hUMSC-Exos attenuated NF-κB/p38 MAPK signaling, with TREM1 functioning upstream of p38 (validated by overexpression/reversal). Proteomic analysis identified HMGB1 as a key exosomal cargo-its blockade (glycyrrhizin) partially reversed hUMSC-Exos-mediated effects, restoring TREM1 expression and pro-inflammatory cytokine release, thus positioning HMGB1 upstream of TREM1.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Our findings delineate a novel HMGB1-TREM1-p38 MAPK axis through which hUMSC-Exos mitigate post-stroke neuroinflammation. By delivering HMGB1, hUMSC-Exos inhibit TREM1-dependent NF-κB/p38 activation, reprogram microglial function, and confer neuroprotection. Validated across in vivo, primary, and BV2 microglial models, and supported by multi-omics analyses, this study establishes hUMSC-Exos as a promising cell-free therapy targeting microglial reprogramming for ischemic stroke recovery.</p>","PeriodicalId":16383,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nanobiotechnology","volume":"23 1","pages":"572"},"PeriodicalIF":12.6,"publicationDate":"2025-08-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12363081/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144883035","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bioengineered microneedles and nanomedicine as therapeutic platform for tissue regeneration.","authors":"Yi-An Mao, Shihui Xu, Xiaozhou Shi, Yanjia Jin, Zihan Pan, Tian Hao, Guoping Li, Xuerui Chen, Hongdong Wang, Yongtao Wang, Junjie Xiao","doi":"10.1186/s12951-025-03623-4","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12951-025-03623-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Tissue regeneration remains one of the most formidable challenges in modern medicine, particularly in the treatment of chronic wounds, organ damage, and degenerative diseases. These conditions are characterized by dysregulated healing, irreversible cell loss, and disrupted microenvironments that are resistant to conventional therapy. Traditional approaches, such as surgical grafts and systemic drug delivery, often fall short due to the limitations in specificity, efficacy, and safety. Emerging technologies, especially microneedles (MNs), nanomedicine, and their integration offer an innovative solution by enabling localized, controlled, and minimally invasive interventions. This review explores the challenges and therapeutic strategies associated with MNs and nanomedicine in tissue regeneration and cancer-related treatment. It highlights recent design innovations, functional diversity of bioengineered MNs, and the transformative potential of combining MNs with nanomedicine for precision regenerative therapies in specific tissues. The future perspectives of MNs and nanomedicine suggest promising avenues for smart and personalized regeneration.</p>","PeriodicalId":16383,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nanobiotechnology","volume":"23 1","pages":"573"},"PeriodicalIF":12.6,"publicationDate":"2025-08-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12362884/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144883033","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ferritin-armed extracellular vesicles with enhanced BBB penetration and tumor-targeting ability for synergistic therapy against glioblastoma.","authors":"Guihong Lu, Peiling Zhuang, Feng Li, Fan Zhang, Xiaoyan Li, Weixiu Wang, Hui Tan","doi":"10.1186/s12951-025-03646-x","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12951-025-03646-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is an aggressive brain cancer with a high mortality rate and limited treatment options. Metabolism-based synergistic therapy holds promise for GBM treatment, however, its efficacy is significantly impeded by poor blood-brain barrier (BBB) penetration, inadequate targeting of GBM cells, and systemic drug-related side effects. To address these challenges, we herein developed a dual-targeting nanoplatform, EVs@siMCT4-HFn@AuMn, by arming siMCT4-loaded M1-type microglia-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) with ultrasmall nano-Au/MnO₂-loaded H-ferritin (HFn). This nanoplatform enhances tumor accumulation through cooperative BBB penetration and the GBM-targeting properties of EVs and HFn. Within the GBM microenvironment, siMCT4 silences MCT4 expression, inhibitits lactate (LA) efflux, increases the intracellular LA levels to induce glioma cell apoptosis via LA metabolic therapy, and reduces extracellular LA to achieve M2-to-M1 polarization of tumor-associated macrophages for immunomodulation of the tumor microenvironment. Concurrently, the delivered ultrasmall nano-Au consumes glucose for starvation therapy and facilitates H₂O₂ production, which is utilized by the co-delivered ultrasmall nano-MnO₂ to generate cytotoxic hydroxyl radicals (•OH), further enhancing tumor cell eradication. This synergistic approach effectively suppresses tumor growth in a glioma xenograft model with negligible side effects, highlighting the potential of EVs@siMCT4-HFn@AuMn as a flexible and powerful platform for metabolism-based multimodal GBM therapies.</p>","PeriodicalId":16383,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nanobiotechnology","volume":"23 1","pages":"570"},"PeriodicalIF":12.6,"publicationDate":"2025-08-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12360009/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144873635","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The potential of plant-derived vesicles in treating periodontitis and associated systemic diseases: current advances and future directions.","authors":"Zongshuai Liu, Yonglin Guo, Yifei Deng, Juhua Shao, Xin Huang, Zhengguo Cao","doi":"10.1186/s12951-025-03651-0","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12951-025-03651-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Periodontitis, a chronic multifactorial inflammatory disease, represents a significant public health burden among global chronic non-communicable diseases. In addition to affecting oral health, periodontitis is closely associated with a variety of systemic diseases. Current treatments, including surgical and nonsurgical therapies, lack clear superiority, underscoring the need for innovative therapeutic strategies. Plant-derived vesicles (PDVs), as natural products, have the advantages of being highly biocompatible, rich in biologically active components, and easy to cross biological barriers. Recent studies have shown that PDVs may treat periodontitis by maintaining oral microecological balance, remodeling the periodontal immune microenvironment, regulating inflammatory responses and oxidative stress, and promoting periodontal tissue regeneration. This review synthesizes the nomenclature based on MISEV 2023 and the latest research advances from biogenesis to removal, pre-processing, isolation, and characterization methods. It systematically evaluates potential applications of PDVs in periodontitis and associated systemic diseases, and presents the challenges facing current research.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>PDVs hold promise as a novel, multitargeted approach for periodontitis and its systemic systemic diseases. However, overcoming limitations in production consistency, mechanistic understanding, and regulatory frameworks is critical to advancing their clinical application. Future research should prioritize interdisciplinary collaboration to harness PDVs' full therapeutic potential while addressing current translational barriers.</p>","PeriodicalId":16383,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nanobiotechnology","volume":"23 1","pages":"568"},"PeriodicalIF":12.6,"publicationDate":"2025-08-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12359970/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144873637","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Imogolite nanotube modifications impact pulmonary toxicity in mice: implications for safe and sustainable by design (SSbD).","authors":"Pernille Høgh Danielsen, Sarah Søs Poulsen, Alicja Mortensen, Trine Berthing, Dorra Gargouri, Arianna Filoramo, Pekka Kohonen, Roland Grafström, Fabienne Testard, Ulla Vogel","doi":"10.1186/s12951-025-03647-w","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12951-025-03647-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Imogolite is a naturally occurring hollow aluminosilicate nanotube with potential for engineered applications due to its high aspect ratio, hydrophilicity, and polarization. However, these same features raise concerns about potential adverse health effects. These concerns parallel those associated with multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs), which are known to cause inflammation, fibrosis, and cardiovascular effects. The purpose of this study was to investigate how surface functionalization of imogolite influences its toxicity and biological response, with the aim of informing safer design of nanomaterials. Female C57BL/6J mice were exposed via intratracheal instillation to 6, 18, or 54 µg of hydroxylated (Imo-OH) or methylated (Imo-CH₃) imogolite. Toxicity was assessed at day 1, 28 and 90 post-exposure, with carbon black (Printex90) nanoparticles as a benchmark. Pulmonary inflammation and systemic acute-phase response were assessed as key indicators of chronic health effects.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Physicochemical characterization showed that Imo-OH dispersed as single nanotubes, while Imo-CH₃ formed bundles, impacting surface accessibility. Both variants induced strong pulmonary inflammation, but Imo-OH elicited a stronger and more persistent neutrophil influx, lymphocyte recruitment, and acute-phase response. Cytotoxicity was low, though elevated total protein in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid indicated altered alveolar-capillary barrier integrity, especially for Imo-OH. Lung histopathology confirmed more severe lung lesions, macrophage aggregates, and type II pneumocyte hyperplasia in the Imo-OH group. Benchmark dose modeling revealed that Imo-OH's inflammatory potential surpassed other high aspect ratio nanomaterials.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Both imogolite variants induced pulmonary inflammation and an acute-phase response in mice; however, these effects were markedly reduced for the methylated imogolite (Imo-CH₃). In addition to surface functionalization, factors like bundle formation and by-product particles may also influence toxicity. These findings emphasize the pivotal role of surface chemistry-and associated structural properties-in shaping the biological response to nanomaterials, reinforcing the need for thoughtful design strategies to promote safer applications in nanotechnology.</p>","PeriodicalId":16383,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nanobiotechnology","volume":"23 1","pages":"571"},"PeriodicalIF":12.6,"publicationDate":"2025-08-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12359848/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144873636","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A multifunctional biomimetic nanoplatform combined with immune checkpoint blockade for triple-negative breast cancer immunotherapy through inhibiting polarization of M2 macrophages.","authors":"Qianqian Zhou, Zongfang Jia, Yang Mu, Ya Xu, Fang Gao, Ruirui Wang, Liangliang Gu, Feifei Liu, Sheng Zhang, Weidong Chen, Yunna Chen, Lei Wang","doi":"10.1186/s12951-025-03663-w","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12951-025-03663-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) therapy has become a hopeful treatment for triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). However, most patients exhibit a low immune response. Tumor-associated fibroblasts (TAFs) suppress anti-tumor immune responses by encouraging the polarization of M2 macrophages, which diminishes the therapeutic efficacy of ICIs. Inhibiting TAFs can reduce the levels of M2 macrophages in the tumor microenvironment, thereby stimulating anti-tumor immune responses. Here, we developed a hybrid membrane-encapsulated biomimetic nanoparticle for inhibiting M2 macrophage polarization. Salvianolic acid B (SAB) was encapsulated in poly(L-lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA) nanoparticles and coated with a mixed membrane of red blood cells (RBCs) and TAFs on its surface. Nanoparticles coated with RBC membrane possess an \"invisible\" function that allows them to evade immune clearance and prolong circulation time. When encapsulated by TAF cell membranes, these nanoparticles can precisely target TAFs. By inhibiting TAFs, the released SAB reduced the secretion of CXCL12, thereby interfering with M2 macrophage polarization. In addition, biomimetic nanoparticles increased the levels of CD4⁺ and CD8⁺ T cells within tumors, while reducing the recruitment of myeloid-derived inhibitory cells (MDSCs), ultimately triggering an immune response. When combined with ICIs, biomimetic nanoparticles can extend the survival of mice and dramatically slow the growth of tumors. Our research findings suggest that biomimetic nanoparticles coated with mixed membranes represent an optimal strategy for enhancing the immune response to ICIs.</p>","PeriodicalId":16383,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nanobiotechnology","volume":"23 1","pages":"569"},"PeriodicalIF":12.6,"publicationDate":"2025-08-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12360003/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144873634","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Molecular marker discovery and detection for blinding eye disease.","authors":"Shunxiang Gao, Dongling Guo, Peirong Huang, Ning Yin, Huixun Jia, Shengjie Li, Xiaodong Sun, Xiangjia Zhu","doi":"10.1186/s12951-025-03627-0","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12951-025-03627-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Accurate, sensitive, and specific detection of molecular markers in intraocular fluid will facilitate the early discovery, diagnosis, and intervention of eye diseases. In this study, a total of 168 participants were recruited and divided into two distinct cohorts: discovery and verification. In the discovery phase, proteomic analysis identified MCP-1 in aqueous humor as a potential molecular marker for blinding eye disease. We further developed a molecular detection technology for the marker based on biolayer interference sensing. The technology utilizes a sandwich strategy with one-to-one pairing of two different biorecognition molecules for MCP-1. It also incorporates automation, high throughput, and real-time monitoring, achieving highly selective recognition and accurate analysis of MCP-1. It demonstrates a low detection limit (0.16 pM), good reliability (R² = 0.995), and a wide analytical range (0.244-1000 pM) for MCP-1 in human aqueous humor samples. Crucially, in the verification phase with 150 subjects, the technology achieved a high detection rate (95.0%) for patients with age-related macular degeneration and high myopia cataract in under 30 min, and was able to further differentiate between them with a specificity of 86.0%. Therefore, the developed molecular detection technology may provide a robust, convenient, and valuable solution for widespread screening, early discovery, and differential diagnosis of blinding eye diseases.</p>","PeriodicalId":16383,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nanobiotechnology","volume":"23 1","pages":"565"},"PeriodicalIF":12.6,"publicationDate":"2025-08-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12351879/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144855567","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"From bench to bedside: nanomedicine development for intracerebral hemorrhage - exploring microenvironment, innovation, and translation.","authors":"Gui Wan, Lingui Gu, Yangyang Chen, Yiqing Wang, Ye Sun, Zhenwei Li, Wenbin Ma, Xinjie Bao, Renzhi Wang","doi":"10.1186/s12951-025-03661-y","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12951-025-03661-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) carries a substantial global disease burden, and although it occurs less frequently than ischemic stroke, it results in a greater loss of disability-adjusted life years worldwide and is associated with one of the poorest prognoses among stroke patients. Due to the mechanisms of secondary injury following ICH, angiogenesis, inflammation, and oxidative stress (OS) levels in brain tissue are regulated by complex molecular pathways, leading to significant changes in the brain microenvironment (BME). While traditional treatments for ICH improve survival rates, they have notable drawbacks and limitations. Nanomedicines, as a promising approach, offer the potential to gradually overcome these limitations and are becoming increasingly important in ICH treatment research. This review provides an updated overview of the mechanisms behind the formation of the post-ICH BME, focusing on angiogenesis, inflammation, and OS. Conventional diagnostic and therapeutic methods are outlined, along with an analysis of their drawbacks and limitations. In addition, the current research status of nanomedicines targeting the post-ICH BME is systematically summarized from three perspectives: angiogenesis, inflammation, and OS. Finally, the progress of nanomedicines in clinical translation is analyzed, highlighting the challenges, opportunities, and future prospects for their application in the context of ICH.</p>","PeriodicalId":16383,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nanobiotechnology","volume":"23 1","pages":"567"},"PeriodicalIF":12.6,"publicationDate":"2025-08-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12351907/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144855566","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Two-dimensional nanomaterials for bone disease therapy: multifunctional platforms for regeneration, anti-infection and tumor ablation.","authors":"Xuejie Cai, Zehui Lv, Zhao Wang, Yingjie Wang, Jiawei Xu, Xingdong Yang, Han Wang, Yixin Bian, Yang Zhu, Bin Feng, Xisheng Weng","doi":"10.1186/s12951-025-03622-5","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12951-025-03622-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Bone diseases, encompassing defects, infections, necrosis, osteoarthritis and tumors, present persistent clinical challenges, often unmet by conventional therapies due to limited efficacy and biocompatibility. Two-dimensional (2D) nanomaterials have emerged as powerful platforms with tunable physicochemical properties that enable efficient drug loading, controlled release and dynamic cellular modulation. Recent advances in 2D structures such as graphene, black phosphorus, layered double hydroxides, transition metal disulfides and MXenes demonstrate broad therapeutic potential across orthopedic applications. These include targeted drug delivery, photothermal tumor ablation, antimicrobial action and scaffold-based bone regeneration. By enabling precise control over biological interactions and therapeutic kinetics, 2D nanomaterials offer integrated solutions for multifaceted bone pathologies. This review outlines recent progress in their synthesis, functionalization and biomedical deployment, highlighting key breakthroughs and translational opportunities. We also discuss the barriers to clinical implementation and propose strategies to accelerate their adoption in next-generation bone therapies.</p>","PeriodicalId":16383,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nanobiotechnology","volume":"23 1","pages":"566"},"PeriodicalIF":12.6,"publicationDate":"2025-08-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12351874/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144855568","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}