Journal of Nanobiotechnology最新文献

{"title":"Hydrophobic nano-calcium superphosphate enhances leaf disease resistance via coordinated physical, biochemical, and phyllosphere responses.","authors":"Tao He, Mingxin Fu, Meijing Wang, Meng Yang, Mei Li, Ronghui Du, Rongqi Lin, Weiping Deng, Min Yang, Airong Li, Shusheng Zhu, Fei Du","doi":"10.1186/s12951-026-04828-x","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12951-026-04828-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Hydrophobic nano-calcium superphosphate (NPS1) is a novel nano-fertilizer that has shown great potential for enhancing plant growth and suppressing foliar diseases. However, the mechanisms underlying these effects remain unclear. We investigated the responses of grape leaves and phyllosphere microbiota to NPS1 under both open-field and rain-shelter cultivation systems. NPS1 application significantly reduced leaf wetness duration and the disease severity of downy and powdery mildew, increased leaf-associated phosphorus retention, which remained elevated at later sampling stages, while enhancing vine growth, increasing SOD and POD activities, and inhibits several grape pathogens in vitro. Integrated transcriptomic and metabolomic analyses identified substantial changes in gene expression and metabolite accumulation following NPS1 treatment, characterized by the upregulation of stress-responsive genes (WRKY41, PEROXIDASE, and EREBP) and enrichment of pathways related to phenylpropanoid and secondary metabolite biosynthesis. Exogenous validation experiments indicated that coumaric acid and lignin were associated with enhanced seedling growth and restricted pathogen growth in vitro. Furthermore, amplicon sequencing revealed significant shifts in the composition, diversity, and co-occurrence patterns of phyllosphere microbial communities, accompanied by reduced relative abundances of pathogen-associated taxa (e.g., Erysiphe and oomycetes). Notably, representative beneficial isolates (e.g., Sphingomonas spp. and Bacillus spp.) exhibited stronger pathogen inhibition when combined with NPS1 than when applied alone. Collectively, these findings indicate that NPS1 alters the leaf surface conditions through reduced leaf wetness, associated with coordinated changes in plant physiological responses, metabolite accumulation, and phyllosphere microbial communities, which may be linked to reduced disease severity and improved grapevine performance.</p>","PeriodicalId":16383,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nanobiotechnology","volume":"24 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":15.0,"publicationDate":"2026-07-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13595772/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149025082","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Immunomodulatory 3D-printed conductive scaffold combined with electrostimulation: a dual-strategy approach to enhance bone regeneration.","authors":"Lijuan Wang, Chenxu Wang, Dejian Li, Xiaojun Zhou, Chuanglong He","doi":"10.1186/s12951-026-04784-6","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12951-026-04784-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Conventional conductive scaffolds lack the capacity to dynamically coordinate the immuno-osteogenic coupling that is critical for effective bone repair. In this study, we developed a three-dimensional (3D) printed immunomodulatory conductive scaffold that integrates anti-inflammatory macrophage induction with electrical signal transmission. This scaffold achieves a combination of available electrical conductivity and immunomodulatory function through poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) doping and controlled ion release. In vitro experiments demonstrated that the scaffold enhanced M2 macrophage polarization by potential regulation of the NF-κB signaling pathway mediated by bioactive ions, even under conditions of electrical stimulation (ES). Furthermore, it synergistically promoted the osteogenic differentiation of bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) in the presence of ES. In vivo evaluation using a rat cranial defect model revealed that the scaffold combined with ES accelerated bone regeneration via the convergence of immunomodulation and electrical cues, as evidenced by coordinated M2 macrophage infiltration and early angiogenesis. This study provides a promising strategy that integrates conductive network and bioactive ion release to establish an electrostimulation and immunoregulation microenvironment for the treatment of bone defect.</p>","PeriodicalId":16383,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nanobiotechnology","volume":"24 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":15.0,"publicationDate":"2026-07-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13700221/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149268946","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"ROS-responsive injectable hydrogel enables controlled release of human adipose tissue-derived extracellular vesicles for multifaceted osteoarthritis therapy.","authors":"Yikai Wang, Le Kang, Kaizhe Chen, Yu Jiang, Yi Zheng, Peng Xu, Chuandong Wang, Wenhui Zhu, Dequn Wu, Kai Liu","doi":"10.1186/s12951-026-04838-9","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12951-026-04838-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Chronic inflammation and elevated reactive oxygen species (ROS) are pivotal drivers of osteoarthritis (OA), demanding integrated, pathology-adaptive strategies. Here, we develop an injectable, ROS-responsive hydrogel for intra-articular delivery of human adipose tissue-derived extracellular vesicles (AT-EVs) to enable multifaceted OA treatment. Unlike conventional cell-derived MSC-EVs, AT-EVs are tissue-derived and can be isolated directly from lipoaspirate under aseptic operating-room conditions, providing a clinically practical EV source that bypasses prolonged cell expansion and multi-step culture conditioning. Small RNA-seq established their OA therapeutic potential. To facilitate intra-articular retention, the AT-EVs@BA-CS/EGCG hydrogel is formed via dynamic boronate ester crosslinking between phenylboronic acid-grafted chitosan and epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG), achieving triple functionality: (i) injectable self-healing capacity, (ii) ROS-triggered controlled release, and (iii) synergistic ROS scavenging capacity. In vitro, the hydrogel attenuated oxidative stress, protected chondrocytes, restored matrix homeostasis, and suppressed inflammatory macrophage activation. Integrated small RNA profiling, transcriptomics, and phospho-protein validation consistently implicated PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway modulation as a key mechanism. In a rat OA model, AT-EVs@BA-CS/EGCG mitigated cartilage degeneration, reduced oxidative damage, and dampened inflammatory macrophage signatures. Collectively, this study provides a clinically practical, ROS-adaptive EV-hydrogel platform with translational potential for OA therapy.</p>","PeriodicalId":16383,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nanobiotechnology","volume":"24 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":15.0,"publicationDate":"2026-07-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13540952/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148880843","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Neuroprotective effects of carbon dots derived from Gentiana macrophylla Pall. against cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury via inhibition of MAPK-mediated oxidative stress and inflammation.","authors":"Li Yao, Yuanyuan Zhu, Xingyun Yuan, Chengdong Zhou, Hui Cai, Lei Wu, Qikun Zhang, Yujie Zhang, Mingzhen Zhang","doi":"10.1186/s12951-026-04865-6","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12951-026-04865-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Ischemic stroke and the ensuing cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury (CIRI) represent major contributors to mortality and chronic disability among adults on a global scale. Existing therapeutic interventions are often ineffective and fail to address the diverse pathological processes involved in injury progression, highlighting the pressing need for more effective neuroprotective strategies.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Capitalizing on the anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective properties of the traditional herbal medicine Gentiana macrophylla Pall., this study successfully synthesized innovative carbon dots derived from this plant (GM-CDs). The experimental findings indicated that GM-CDs effectively scavenged intracellular reactive oxygen species, significantly alleviating oxidative stress damage, restoring normal mitochondrial function, and reducing oxidative DNA damage, thereby inhibiting the apoptotic cascade. Additionally, GM-CDs modulated microglial phenotypic polarization, significantly suppressing their shift towards the pro-inflammatory M1 phenotype and the subsequent secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines, while simultaneously promoting polarization towards the anti-inflammatory M2 phenotype and enhancing the production of anti-inflammatory cytokines, thus mitigating the cerebral inflammatory response. In a mouse model of CIRI, GM-CDs significantly reduced cerebral infarct volume, effectively inhibited neuronal apoptosis, and notably ameliorated post-surgical neurological deficit symptoms. Transcriptomic analysis revealed that GM-CDs exerted their neuroprotective effects primarily by modulating the activation state of the MAPK signaling pathway.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>In this study, the nano-transformation of Gentiana macrophylla Pall. was achieved through a facile and eco-friendly approach. The GM-CDs exhibited significant neuroprotection against CIRI, offering a promising therapeutic approach for clinical management.</p>","PeriodicalId":16383,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nanobiotechnology","volume":"24 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":15.0,"publicationDate":"2026-07-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13700254/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149268990","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tetrahedral framework nucleic acids loaded with baicalein: suppressing oxidative stress and ferroptosis during renal ischemia-reperfusion injury via targeting Sirt1.","authors":"Kang Xia, Qiangmin Qiu, Yunlong Zhang, Yujie Zhou, Daojia Miao, Xiaoping Zhang","doi":"10.1186/s12951-026-04867-4","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12951-026-04867-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Renal ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury is a major cause of acute kidney injury (AKI), yet effective therapeutic strategies remain scarce. Although the natural flavonoid baicalein possesses potential therapeutic properties, its clinical application is limited by suboptimal pharmacokinetic properties such as poor solubility and low stability. To tackle these challenges, we engineered a nanocarrier system utilizing tetrahedral framework nucleic acids (tFNAs) to enhance the delivery and efficacy of baicalein (tFNA-Bai) against renal I/R injury and to investigate its mechanistic basis. The synthesized tFNA-Bai nanoparticles demonstrated uniform size (~ 20 nm), sustained release kinetics, and significantly improved serum stability and cellular internalization compared to free baicalein. In renal I/R mouse and cell models, tFNA-Bai afforded superior renoprotection, as indicated by more pronounced improvements in renal function, attenuated histological damage, and reduced cellular apoptosis. Mechanistic investigations integrating network pharmacology and experimental validation revealed that the protective effects were linked to the mitigation of oxidative stress and ferroptosis. Further analysis identified Sirtuin 1 (Sirt1) as a direct target of baicalein. Loss-of-function studies in vivo and in vitro confirmed that Sirt1 is an essential mediator for the antioxidant, anti-ferroptotic, and renoprotective actions of baicalein. In summary, this study introduces an efficient DNA nanostructure-based delivery platform that circumvents the pharmacological limitations of baicalein. Our results demonstrate that the enhanced therapeutic efficacy of tFNA-Bai is largely attributed to the activation of the Sirt1 pathway, which substantially inhibits ferroptosis and oxidative stress in renal I/R injury. This approach offers a novel and promising nanotherapeutic strategy for the treatment of I/R-induced AKI.</p>","PeriodicalId":16383,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nanobiotechnology","volume":"24 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":15.0,"publicationDate":"2026-07-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13712034/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149269026","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mitochondrial transfer via ADSC-EVs reprograms glucose/glutamine metabolism to restore TCA cycle-driven M2 polarization in diabetic wounds.","authors":"Yue Zhang, Fei Han, Yixuan Yuan, Mengyang Li, Linbin Yi, Yujie Xiao, Dongliang Zhang, Zhi Zhang, Yunchuan Wang, Hongtao Wang, Dahai Hu","doi":"10.1186/s12951-026-04846-9","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12951-026-04846-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Chronic diabetic wounds are trapped in a persistent inflammatory state, largely due to macrophage failure to transition from pro-inflammatory (M1) to pro-reparative (M2) phenotypes. Here, we show that adipose-derived stem cell extracellular vesicles (ADSC-EVs) deliver functional mitochondria into diabetic wound macrophages, thereby restoring tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle-driven M2 polarization. Mechanistically, ADSC-EV-mediated mitochondrial transfer reactivates pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH) and pyruvate carboxylase (PC), increases TCA cycle flux, and suggests enhanced glutamine anaplerosis, as evidenced by ¹³C-glucose isotope tracing. This metabolic rewiring restores oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS), elevates oxygen consumption rate (OCR) and suppresses glycolysis. Consequently, ADSC-EV treatment reduces M1 macrophages and increases M2 macrophages, lowers pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, TNF-α, IL-6, MCP1, p < 0.0001), and upregulates IL-10 in vitro, p < 0.0001). In a diabetic mouse wound model, a single course of ADSC-EVs accelerates wound closure at day 14 (p < 0.05), enhances re-epithelialization and collagen deposition, and reduces local oxidative stress and inflammation. Mitochondria‑depleted Rho-ADSC-EVs show markedly diminished effects, confirming that functional mitochondrial transfer is the primary driver. Our findings establish ADSC-EV-mediated mitochondrial transfer as a central metabolic reprogramming strategy that breaks the inflammatory lock in diabetic wounds and promotes healing.</p>","PeriodicalId":16383,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nanobiotechnology","volume":"24 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":15.0,"publicationDate":"2026-07-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13563863/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148956215","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Spermidine, a chondrocyte apoptotic metabolite, delays osteoarthritis by regulating macrophage M2c polarization.","authors":"Jiajia Lu, Hongbiao Sun, Fan Zhang, Guangnan Wang, Xianan Song, Qinling Jiang, Zhibin Zhou, Jun Ma, Qiang Fu, Lei Zhu","doi":"10.1186/s12951-026-04832-1","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12951-026-04832-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Chondrocyte apoptosis and synovial macrophage polarization represent two key pathological hallmarks of osteoarthritis (OA), but the interplay between them remains largely unknown. This study aimed to investigate the roles and mechanisms of the chondrocyte apoptotic secretome in mediating macrophage polarization during the pathological process of OA.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In vitro cultures of chondrocytes and macrophages, along with an in vivo surgically induced OA mouse model, were used to evaluate the effect of the chondrocyte apoptotic secretome. Untargeted metabolomics, mitochondrial function assessment, and macrophage-specific AMPKα knockout mice were used to identify key metabolites and their regulatory mechanisms. A sustained-release delivery system for spermidine (SPD) was constructed using lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) and sodium hyaluronate.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Apoptotic chondrocytes increased the secretion of SPD in the metabolite secretome. SPD acts as a signaling metabolite to increase AMPKα activation in macrophages, which in turn drives increased oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) and improves mitochondrial function, ultimately promoting M2c macrophage polarization during OA. Exogenous supplementation with SPD via a ROS-responsive SH@LNP@SPD hydrogel alleviated OA progression by promoting M2c macrophage polarization in vivo. Furthermore, elevated SPD levels in synovial fluid correlated with milder clinical symptoms and less severe pathological features.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Our findings underscore a significant protective role of chondrocyte apoptosis in early OA mediated through the secretion of SPD, which acts on macrophages. Mechanistically, SPD-induced enhancement of AMPKα activation and OXPHOS occurs specifically in macrophages, driving their beneficial M2c polarization. Synovial fluid SPD may hold diagnostic value for early-stage OA and strategies aimed at sustaining SPD levels may represent effective therapeutic approaches for OA.</p>","PeriodicalId":16383,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nanobiotechnology","volume":"24 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":15.0,"publicationDate":"2026-07-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13689176/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149238399","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Near-infrared-activated CuTA@PDA@PTH nanozymes remodel the osteoarthritic microenvironment for coordinated cartilage protection and subchondral bone repair.","authors":"Zhao Lin, Jiayao Zhang, Mingjuan Zhang, Mukun Xiao, Hanhao Dai, Yibin Su, Haiqi Ding, Dingqiang Chen, Linhai Yang, Jie Xu, Jun Luo, Yunlong Yu","doi":"10.1186/s12951-026-04841-0","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12951-026-04841-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Osteoarthritis (OA) is a progressive whole-joint disorder involving cartilage degeneration, oxidative stress, synovial inflammation, and subchondral bone remodeling. Current treatments mainly provide symptomatic relief and rarely restore joint microenvironmental homeostasis. Here, we developed a multifunctional near-infrared (NIR)-responsive CuTA@PDA@PTH nanozyme, termed CPP, for OA therapy. CPP was constructed through copper-tannic acid coordination, polydopamine coating, and PTH 1-34 incorporation, integrating antioxidant catalytic activity, photothermal responsiveness, and peptide-mediated bioactivity. CPP exhibited uniform morphology, good dispersibility, stable photothermal behavior, and broad-spectrum ROS-scavenging activity with SOD-like and CAT-like functions. In vitro, NIR-activated CPP reduced H₂O₂-induced ROS accumulation, lipid peroxidation, mitochondrial dysfunction, and apoptosis in chondrocytes, while promoting proliferation and restoring cartilage matrix homeostasis. CPP-NIR also downregulated inflammatory and catabolic markers, attenuated M1-associated activation, favored an anti-inflammatory M2-like phenotype, and enhanced BMSC migration and osteogenic differentiation under oxidative stress. In a DMM-induced mouse OA model, intra-articular CPP combined with NIR irradiation prolonged joint retention, attenuated cartilage degeneration, reduced osteophyte formation, improved subchondral bone microarchitecture, and alleviated synovial inflammation. These findings support NIR-activated CPP as a multi-axis nanozyme platform for redox, immune, cartilage, and subchondral bone microenvironment regulation in OA.</p>","PeriodicalId":16383,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nanobiotechnology","volume":"24 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":15.0,"publicationDate":"2026-07-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13688791/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149244977","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Magnetic field-controlled nanozymes effectively overcome therapeutic limitations in tumor ferroptosis therapy.","authors":"Xin-Yue Hu, Xiao-Yan Tang, Cong Liu, Xiao-Xiao Gong, Shan-Shan Rao, Chun-Yuan Chen, Zhen-Xing Wang, Hui Xie, Hong-Ji Liu","doi":"10.1186/s12951-026-04796-2","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12951-026-04796-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Iron oxide nanozymes with intrinsic peroxidase-like activity and excellent biosafety are considered ideal agents for inducing tumor ferroptosis. However, their practical catalytic efficiency is often constrained by an inherent delocalized electronic structure and the restrictive tumor antioxidant microenvironment. Herein, we report a magnetic field-mediated strategy to synthesize ultra-small superparamagnetic manganese-doped iron oxide (USMIO) nanoparticles with precisely tailored multi-enzyme activities (denoted as MUSMIO). The magnetic field in situ generated abundant oxygen vacancies and optimized the Mn/Fe coordination environment, significantly boosting electron transfer and catalytic performance. MUSMIO exhibited robust pH-responsive peroxidase-like activity with a hydroxyl radical yield ∼5.86-fold higher than pure ultra-small superparamagnetic iron oxide (USIO) and ∼2.43-fold higher than USMIO, together with favorable catalase-, glutathione oxidase-, and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase-like activities. This synergistic multi-enzyme cascade efficiently blocked glutathione regeneration, relieved tumor hypoxia, and triggered a sustained hydroxyl radical storm to drive extensive lipid peroxidation and selective ferroptosis in cancer cells, while exhibiting negligible toxicity to normal cells. In a murine breast cancer model, MUSMIO achieved complete tumor regression with no recurrence, and prolonged the median survival time of mice with excellent biosafety. This work provides a generalizable physical-field-assisted route for designing high-performance multi-enzyme mimetic nanozymes for targeted tumor therapy.</p>","PeriodicalId":16383,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nanobiotechnology","volume":"24 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":15.0,"publicationDate":"2026-07-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13689016/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149244972","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Decoding metabolic diseases through bacterial extracellular vesicles: mechanisms, diagnostics, and therapeutics.","authors":"Di Song, Wenhui Mo, Qiaoyu Deng, Yu Zeng, Yujie Zhang, Xiaoyan Ao, Liling Deng, Xiaoze Wang, Xiaoli Fan","doi":"10.1186/s12951-026-04826-z","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12951-026-04826-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Metabolic diseases represent a class of chronic conditions characterized by disturbances in energy and material metabolism. These diseases primarily include obesity, metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease, atherosclerosis, type 2 diabetes, osteoporosis, and polycystic ovary syndrome. A core pathological feature underlying their development is the mutual reinforcement between chronic low-grade inflammation and metabolic imbalance. The gut microbiota has been highlighted by recent research as a key regulator of host metabolism, while bacterial extracellular vesicles (BEVs) are emerging as critical mediators. BEVs transport bioactive molecules (proteins, lipids, nucleic acids) to facilitate microbiota-host crosstalk without direct contact. Pathogen-derived BEVs often exacerbate metabolic dysfunction via inflammation, while commensal/probiotic BEVs protect against disorders by enhancing intestinal barrier function and regulating immunity. Furthermore, owing to their high stability, easy penetration of biological barriers, and capacity to carry abundant cellular information, BEVs demonstrate broad application prospects as non-invasive diagnostic biomarkers for metabolic diseases and as natural or engineered targeted drug delivery vehicles. This review outlines the mechanisms and progress in the application of gut BEVs in metabolic diseases. It aims to deepen our understanding of host-microbiota interaction networks and support the development of novel intervention strategies for metabolic diseases.</p>","PeriodicalId":16383,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nanobiotechnology","volume":"24 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":15.0,"publicationDate":"2026-07-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13688932/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149238779","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}