Journal of Nanobiotechnology最新文献

{"title":"Nanoengineered hydrogels disrupt tumor antioxidant defense via photothermal-chemodynamic synergy and oxidative stress boosts.","authors":"Leiguang Ye, Yang Qiao, Peisan Wang, Wei Li, Xianwen Wang, Yiqun Zhang, Zhennan Yuan","doi":"10.1186/s12951-025-03626-1","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12951-025-03626-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>By integrating photothermal and chemodynamic properties, Ru-based nanomaterials have emerged as promising agents for tumor therapy. However, their clinical translation is hindered by high systemic toxicity, suboptimal therapeutic efficacy, and compromised chemodynamic performance caused by tumor antioxidant defense mechanisms. A multifunctional therapeutic platform (Ru-PC-PEITC-ALG) was developed through the coordination-driven self-assembly of ruthenium ions with procyanidins (PCs) to form Ru-PC nanoparticles, followed by coencapsulation with phenethyl isothiocyanate (PEITC) in a sodium alginate hydrogel. The Ru-PC complex demonstrated exceptional photothermal conversion efficiency, enabling rapid intratumoral temperature elevation under 808 nm laser irradiation to achieve localized thermal ablation. Simultaneously, Ru-PC exhibited tumor microenvironment-responsive catalytic activity, catalyzing the conversion of hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) into highly toxic hydroxyl radicals (·OH) via Fenton-like reactions. This ROS generation was substantially amplified through synergistic photothermal acceleration of reaction kinetics and PEITC-mediated glutathione (GSH) depletion, which effectively disabled the antioxidant defense system. Systematic evaluations, including in vitro cytotoxicity assays, transcriptomic sequencing, and murine xenograft models, confirmed the platform's superior tumor suppression ability and favorable biosafety profile. Mechanistic studies revealed that combination therapy induced mitochondrial dysfunction and activated the apoptosis/ferroptosis pathways. This work presents a \"precision disruption\" strategy against tumor antioxidant armor, advancing the rational design of metal‒polyphenol-coordinated nanomaterials for enhanced oncotherapy.</p>","PeriodicalId":16383,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nanobiotechnology","volume":"23 1","pages":"584"},"PeriodicalIF":12.6,"publicationDate":"2025-08-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12374360/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144957644","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Obesity enhances ovarian cancer chemotherapy efficacy through C1q-mediated tumor targeting and immune activation.","authors":"Shiyi Xu, Nana Bie, Xinzhuang Su, Xiaojuan Zhang, Shiyu Li, Haojie Liu, Tuying Yong, Qing Chen, Xiangliang Yang, Lu Gan","doi":"10.1186/s12951-025-03635-0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12951-025-03635-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Personalized protein corona significantly influences the biodistribution and therapeutic efficacy of nanomedicines, generating unique profiles that can impact treatment outcomes. Here, we demonstrate that pegylated liposomal doxorubicin (PLD) exhibits increased tumor accumulation and enhanced antitumor immunity in obese mice bearing ovarian tumor, inducing a greater capacity to inhibit tumor growth compared to normal mice. Mechanistically, the protein corona, particularly enriched with complement component 1q (C1q) in the plasma of obese mice, significantly enhances the internalization of PLD by ovarian cancer cells and elicits strong immunogenic cell death (ICD) effects. Concurrently, C1q adsorbed on PLD promotes the engulfment of apoptotic tumor cells by dendritic cells (DCs), activating T cell-mediated antitumor immune responses and amplifying the overall antitumor efficacy of PLD in obese mice. Our findings provide new insights into the role of the personalized protein corona in modulating the therapeutic response to chemotherapy and highlight the potential of targeting C1q for enhancing the efficacy of nanomedicines in cancer treatment.</p>","PeriodicalId":16383,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nanobiotechnology","volume":"23 1","pages":"580"},"PeriodicalIF":12.6,"publicationDate":"2025-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12372299/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144957642","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Natural multi-active nanoparticles integrated biological hydrogel microcarriers for wound healing.","authors":"Junyi Che, Danqing Huang, Yang Wang, Guangtao Gao, Yuanjin Zhao","doi":"10.1186/s12951-025-03666-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12951-025-03666-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Bioactive substance-integrated hydrogels have demonstrated efficacy in diabetic wound treatment. However, challenges remain in identifying naturally derived, multifunctional active substances capable of addressing the complex pathophysiology of wounds, as well as in tailoring hydrogels to enhance their suitability for wound applications. Here, we present a novel biological hydrogel microcarrier system by integrating Bletilla striata-derived nanoparticles (PdNPs) and polydopamine nanozymes (PDAs) into a hyaluronic acid-methacrylate (HAMA) hydrogel. PdNPs can polarize over-activated macrophages to an anti-inflammatory phenotype and restore fibroblast functionality. Meanwhile, PDAs act as potent reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavengers and protect fibroblasts from oxidative stress-induced apoptosis. When encapsulated into HAMA microcarriers, the PdNP + PDA@HAMA microcarriers significantly accelerate wound healing in a diabetic rat model. These outcomes demonstrate the therapeutic potential of our natural, multifunctional hydrogel microcarriers as a promising wound dressing platform for the treatment of chronic diabetic wounds.</p>","PeriodicalId":16383,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nanobiotechnology","volume":"23 1","pages":"582"},"PeriodicalIF":12.6,"publicationDate":"2025-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12372325/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144957660","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ultrasound molecular imaging of M2 macrophages for early detection of chronic rejection in heart transplantation.","authors":"Jia Xu, Cheng Deng, Tang Gao, Mengrong He, Wenpei Fu, Xin Zhang, Yin Bai, Jiani Qiu, Rui Wang, Yihan Chen, Qiaofeng Jin, Li Zhang, Qing Lv, Mingxing Xie, Wenqian Wu","doi":"10.1186/s12951-025-03672-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12951-025-03672-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Chronic rejection (CR) remains the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in heart transplantation survivors. The primary pathological features of CR encompass cardiac allograft vasculopathy and myocardial fibrosis. Currently, its diagnosis heavily relies on invasive procedures, underscoring the pressing need for non-invasive evaluation methods. This study introduces a novel approach utilizing mannose-modified microbubbles (MB_man) targeting CD206 (mannose receptor) positive M2 macrophages for early CR detection. In vitro experiments demonstrate substantial adhesion of MB_man to M2 macrophages compared to common microbubbles (MB_con). In a CR rat model, MB_man and MB_con are administered at three distinct time points (2 weeks, 4 weeks, and 6 weeks), followed by contrast-enhanced ultrasound images and quantitative analysis using the ultrasound destruction-supplementation method. Starting at 2 weeks and continuing through 6 weeks, MB_man demonstrates significantly higher signal intensity than MB_con in allograft rats. However, this difference is not observed in isograft rats at any of the indicated time points. These findings suggest an increase in M2 macrophage infiltration in allografts compared to isografts. Furthermore, the signal intensity of MB_man positively correlates with the percentage of CD206 in allograft rats. This study proposes a promising approach, simultaneous noninvasive ultrasound molecular imaging, for the early-stage evaluation of CR.</p>","PeriodicalId":16383,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nanobiotechnology","volume":"23 1","pages":"581"},"PeriodicalIF":12.6,"publicationDate":"2025-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12372226/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144957615","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Machine learning framework for investigating nano- and micro-scale particle diffusion in colonic mucus.","authors":"Marco Tjakra, Kristína Lidayová, Christophe Avenel, Christel A S Bergström, Shakhawath Hossain","doi":"10.1186/s12951-025-03659-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12951-025-03659-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Biosimilar artificial mucus models that mimic native mucus facilitate efficient, lab-based drug diffusion studies, addressing the costly and challenging preclinical phase of drug development, especially for nano- and micro-scale particle-based colonic drug delivery. This study presents a machine-learning-driven framework that integrates microrheological features into diffusional fingerprinting to characterize nano- and micro-scale particle diffusion patterns in mucus and assess the effect of mucus microrheology on such movements. We investigated the diffusion of fluorescent-labeled polystyrene particles in native pig mucus and two artificial mucus models. Particles (100, 200, and 1000 nm in diameter) with carboxylate- or amine-modified surfaces were tracked during passive diffusion. From each particle trajectory, 20 features -including microrheology-based parameters- were extracted. Based on these features, seven supervised machine learning models were applied to classify or identify similarities among mucus hydrogels. Of these, gradient boosting achieved the highest accuracy. SHapley Additive exPlanations analysis identified creep compliance as the most influential feature in distinguishing the mucus models. In native mucus, smaller negatively charged nanoparticles exhibited the highest mobility, with fewer particles being in the immobile and subdiffusive states. Microrheology data further indicated that larger particles experienced greater restriction owing to the elastic properties of native mucus. In contrast, smaller particles interacted more with the viscous liquid phase. A comprehensive feature-wide analysis revealed that hydroxyethyl cellulose (HEC)-based artificial mucus more closely resembled native pig mucus than the polyacrylic acid-based model. In conclusion, the machine-learning-driven fingerprinting approach, incorporating microrheological features, successfully differentiated the microstructural characteristics and rheological properties of the three mucus models. It also supported the selection of HEC-based artificial mucus as a viable substitute for native colonic mucus.</p>","PeriodicalId":16383,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nanobiotechnology","volume":"23 1","pages":"583"},"PeriodicalIF":12.6,"publicationDate":"2025-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12372352/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144957670","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Metal-organic frameworks activate the cGAS-STING pathway for cancer immunotherapy.","authors":"Shuxuan Zhu, Wenfei Xu, Hongxia Li, Zhaogang Sun, Ying Zhu, Wenjing Liu, Hongqian Chu","doi":"10.1186/s12951-025-03669-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12951-025-03669-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Despite the major breakthroughs in immunotherapy, a substantial number of cancer patients continue to confront problems such as low response rates, which restrict the overall effectiveness of existing treatments. There is an urgent necessity to combine advanced biomedical advancements with conventional therapies to improve treatment results. The activation of the cyclic GMP-AMP synthase (cGAS) and stimulator of interferon genes (STING) pathway has become a viable technique to elicit innate immune responses against tumors, attracting significant interest as a novel target in cancer therapy. However, STING agonists face significant challenges in clinical application due to complications related to transport efficiency, degradation, and bioavailability. Recent breakthroughs in nanotechnology have facilitated the invention of metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) as adaptable platforms for cancer immunotherapy, utilizing their distinctive characteristics, including large surface area, adjustable porosity, and improved permeability. This review systematically investigates current advancements in the usage of MOFs for altering the cGAS-STING pathway, highlighting their promise as adaptable platforms for agonist administration or direct activation in tumor immunotherapy. Additionally, this review focuses on the use of MOFs as carriers or agonists, integrated with multimodal strategies to potentiate anticancer immune responses via the cGAS-STING pathway. The discussion concludes with an examination of the challenges and future directions for MOFs in boosting immunotherapy through the stimulation of the cGAS-STING pathway.</p>","PeriodicalId":16383,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nanobiotechnology","volume":"23 1","pages":"578"},"PeriodicalIF":12.6,"publicationDate":"2025-08-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12369232/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144957673","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Blood-brain barrier-penetrating Angiopep-2/Sirtuin 1 nanoparticles rescue sevoflurane neurotoxicity through multi-omics identified necroptosis pathways.","authors":"Yi Chang, Xue Zhang, Shuo Zhang, Ge Qu","doi":"10.1186/s12951-025-03639-w","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12951-025-03639-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Developmental neurotoxicity (DNT) induced by sevoflurane exposure poses significant risks to pediatric anesthesia, yet effective protective strategies remain limited. Here, we developed self-assembling Angiopep-2/SIRT1 nanoparticles (Ang/SIRT1-NPs) with favorable biocompatibility and brain-targeting properties. Through in vitro and in vivo studies, we demonstrate that Ang/SIRT1-NPs effectively alleviate sevoflurane-induced neuronal apoptosis, neuroinflammation, and dendritic spine loss. Multi-omics analyses identified SIRT1-mediated suppression of necroptosis and oxidative stress pathways as key mechanisms underlying neuroprotection. Behavioral assays further confirmed improved cognitive and motor function in nanoparticle-treated mice. Our findings highlight the potential of Ang/SIRT1-NPs as a promising neuroprotective strategy for preventing anesthesia-related DNT and support their translational application in pediatric neuroprotection.</p>","PeriodicalId":16383,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nanobiotechnology","volume":"23 1","pages":"579"},"PeriodicalIF":12.6,"publicationDate":"2025-08-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12369234/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144957566","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Strategic advances in liposomes technology: translational paradigm in transdermal delivery for skin dermatosis.","authors":"Anmol Choudhury, Apoorv Kirti, Sudakshya S Lenka, Shaikh Sheeran Naser, Adrija Sinha, Shalini Kumari, Nagendra Kumar Kaushik, Aishee Ghosh, Suresh K Verma","doi":"10.1186/s12951-025-03660-z","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12951-025-03660-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Liposomes, spherical vesicles made of phospholipids and cholesterol, have captivated researchers for their encapsulation abilities, biocompatibility, and versatility. This review delves into the core aspects and benefits of liposomal technology for enhancing transdermal drug delivery in treating skin dermatosis. It offers an extensive overview of liposomes, emphasizing various preparation methods, classification, and encapsulation techniques. The encapsulation of therapeutic compounds by liposomes boosts their utility as a stable and efficient drug delivery vehicle. Transdermal delivery presents a non-invasive alternative to oral and parenteral routes, allowing for controlled and sustained release of drugs while bypassing hepatic first-pass metabolism and minimizing systemic side effects. However, the stratum corneum acts as a formidable barrier to drug permeation. Liposomes, owing to their lipid bilayer structure that mimics skin composition, enhance drug solubility and partitioning, facilitate deeper skin penetration, and improve therapeutic efficacy, making them ideal carriers for transdermal applications. Transdermal delivery, favoured for its active and passive approaches and advantages over topical delivery, has been extensively studied and employed for therapeutics. Liposomes as delivery vehicles have significantly improved drug delivery efficiency and stability in transdermal applications. This review comprehensively examines the utility and mechanistic applications of liposomes. It also addresses the limitations and challenges in liposomal formulation that must be overcome for successful clinical trials.</p>","PeriodicalId":16383,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nanobiotechnology","volume":"23 1","pages":"576"},"PeriodicalIF":12.6,"publicationDate":"2025-08-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12369165/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144957655","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Self-assembled nanopeptide dendrites with high antifungal activity and protease hydrolytic stability for fungal keratitis treatment.","authors":"Guoyu Li, Hongyu Chen, Wenwen Chen, Zhenheng Lai, Yinfeng Lyu, Anshan Shan","doi":"10.1186/s12951-025-03670-x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12951-025-03670-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The excessive use of antibiotics in recent years has contributed to an increase in microbial resistance, thereby compromising the health of both humans and animals and necessitating the development of innovative therapeutic strategies. In this study, we have creatively integrated fatty acids into the previously reported anti-enzymolysis unit (CRKP) in a branched configuration, resulting in the design and fabrication of a series of peptide dendritic with potent antifungal and anti-drug-resistant fungal activities. Notably, peptide dendron C₈-2 exhibited significantly enhanced antifungal efficacy, favorable in vitro biocompatibility, and remarkable stability in the presence of serum and proteases. Mechanistic investigations reveal that C₈-2 exert their antifungal effects by increasing cell wall permeability, inducing plasma membrane depolarization, leading to membrane rupture and content release, and generating reactive oxygen species. In addition, peptide dendron C₈-2 can effectively eliminate Candida albicans from the eyeball in fungal-induced keratitis in mice, and the treatment effect is significantly superior to that of amphotericin B. Consequently, the self-assembled peptide dendron nanoparticles of C₈-2 hold significant potential as antifungal agents. Additionally, their robust antifungal activity and stability against resistance may effectively address the growing challenge of drug-resistant fungal strains, thereby facilitating the development of future peptide nanoparticle-based therapies.</p>","PeriodicalId":16383,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nanobiotechnology","volume":"23 1","pages":"577"},"PeriodicalIF":12.6,"publicationDate":"2025-08-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12369107/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144957680","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bioengineered cardiovascular bypass grafts via in vivo self-assembly of scaffold-guided tubular tissue in rats.","authors":"Shiqi Hu, Xiuhong Sun, Rui Zhou, Kai Fu, Yunfei Mo, Jialin Xu, Xiaoyan Shen, Shiwen Liu, Yuqing Niu","doi":"10.1186/s12951-025-03664-9","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12951-025-03664-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Cardiovascular bypass grafting remains a crucial therapeutic approach for complex atherosclerotic diseases. However, the clinical application of traditional grafts is hampered by limited autologous vessel availability, while the translational potential of fully cellular self-assembled vascular grafts is constrained by their prolonged fabrication. Here, we present a scaffold-guided in vivo tubular tissue self-assembly strategy to rapidly engineer functional cardiovascular bypass grafts. Using 3D-printed biodegradable scaffolds implanted subcutaneously in SD rats, we generated bioengineered tubular vascular constructs (BTCs) rich in host cells and extracellular matrix within 2 weeks. BTC exhibited biophysical and biochemical properties highly analogous to the native abdominal aorta. When used as interpositional grafts in the abdominal aorta, the BTCs demonstrated excellent patency, blood flow velocity, vascular reactivity, compliance, and histological architecture comparable to those of the native vessel over a 24-week implantation period. Our method significantly shortens the fabrication time of bioengineered vessels-from several months to two weeks-thereby aligning with the critical time window required for elective cardiovascular bypass surgery. Moreover, all materials used in this study are clinically approved, which facilitates future clinical translation. This work establishes a practical and scalable platform for the rapid, \"off-the-shelf\" production of bioengineered cardiovascular grafts through stable scaffold-guided in vivo tissue formation.</p>","PeriodicalId":16383,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nanobiotechnology","volume":"23 1","pages":"574"},"PeriodicalIF":12.6,"publicationDate":"2025-08-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12366095/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144883032","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}