Journal of Nanobiotechnology最新文献

{"title":"Exosome-like vesicles encapsulated with specific microRNAs accelerate burn wound healing and ameliorate scarring.","authors":"Zhiyong Lei, Xiaojuan Chen, Kezhuo Chen, Pan Liu, Mingzhang Ao, Lu Gan, Longjiang Yu","doi":"10.1186/s12951-025-03337-7","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12951-025-03337-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Burn injuries are prevalent, yet effective treatments remain elusive. Exosomes derived from mesenchymal stem cells (MSC-Ex) possess remarkable pro-regenerative properties for wound healing. Despite their potential, the challenge of mass production limits their clinical application. To address this, preparing exosome-like vesicles has become an international trend. In this study, 28 key microRNAs (miRNAs) with significant pro-proliferation, anti-inflammation, and anti-fibrosis functions were screened from MSC-Ex. These miRNAs were encapsulated into liposomes and then hybridized with extracellular vesicles derived from watermelon to create synthetic exosome-like vesicles. The fabricated vesicles exhibited similar particle size and zeta potential to MSC-Ex, demonstrating high serum stability and effectively resisting the degradation of miRNA by RNase. They were efficiently internalized by cells and enabled a high rate of lysosomal escape for miRNAs post cellular uptake, thereby effectively exerting their pro-proliferative, anti-inflammatory, and anti-fibrotic functions. Further experiments demonstrated that these vesicles efficiently accelerated burn wound healing and reduced scarring, with effects comparable to those of natural MSC-Ex. Based on these findings, the exosome-like vesicles fabricated in this study present a promising alternative to MSC-Ex in burn wound treatment.</p>","PeriodicalId":16383,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nanobiotechnology","volume":"23 1","pages":"264"},"PeriodicalIF":10.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11963272/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143772521","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Extracellular particles: emerging insights into central nervous system diseases.","authors":"Shenyuan Chen, Qinghua Bao, Wenrong Xu, Xiao Zhai","doi":"10.1186/s12951-025-03354-6","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12951-025-03354-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Extracellular particles (EPs), including extracellular vesicles (EVs) and non-vesicular extracellular particles (NVEPs), are multimolecular biomaterials released by cells that play a crucial role in intercellular communication. Recently, new subtypes of EPs associated with central nervous system (CNS), such as exophers and supermeres have been identified. These EPs provide new perspectives for understanding the pathological progression of CNS disorders and confer potential diagnostic value for liquid biopsies in neurodegenerative diseases (NDs). Moreover, EPs have emerged as promising drug delivery vehicles and targeted platforms for CNS-specific therapies. In this review, we delineate the landscape of EP subtypes and their roles in the pathophysiology of CNS diseases. We also review the recent advances of EP-based diagnosis in NDs and highlight the importance of analytical platforms with single-particle resolution in the exploitation of potential biomarkers. Furthermore, we summarize the application of engineered EVs in the treatment of CNS diseases and outline the underexplored potential of NVEPs as novel therapeutic agents.</p>","PeriodicalId":16383,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nanobiotechnology","volume":"23 1","pages":"263"},"PeriodicalIF":10.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11960037/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143764064","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Therapeutic potential of apoptotic vesicles in modulating inflammation, immune responses, and tissue regeneration.","authors":"Mohammad Amin Khalilzad, Javad Mohammadi, Soumayeh Amirsaadat, Sajad Najafi, Sona Zare, Mohammad Ali Nilforoushzadeh, Mitra Khalilzad, Mohammad Amir Amirkhani, Aysan Peyrovan, Seyedeh Fatemeh Sadati Khalili, Atefeh Farahani, Solmaz Zare","doi":"10.1186/s12951-025-03278-1","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12951-025-03278-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The process of apoptosis plays a crucial role in tissue homeostasis, immune system regulation, and organ formation. Apoptotic vesicles (ApoEVs) are involved in efferocytosis, the process by which phagocytes ingest dead cells. ApoEVs also have potential therapeutic applications in cancer treatment, ischemic diseases, and their anti-inflammatory properties make them incredibly versatile for medical applications. These vesicles can induce apoptosis in cancer cells, provide tumor antigens for cancer vaccines, and even serve as effective drug delivery systems. Moreover, they can target hypoxic cells, inhibit inflammatory cell death pathways, and promote tissue regeneration. Also, their potential in addressing inflammatory disorders such as gastrointestinal ailments, osteoarthritis, and diabetes is promising. Additionally, ApoEVs can polarize anti-inflammatory immune cells and suppress inflammatory immune responses which make them a viable option for addressing the unmet need for novel anti-inflammatory medications. Despite a wealth of reviews examining the applications of ApoEVs, very few have thoroughly investigated the mechanisms underlying their anti-inflammatory effects. This distinctive approach positions the current review as timely and immensely relevant, illuminating the intriguing ways these entities function beyond their established advantages.</p>","PeriodicalId":16383,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nanobiotechnology","volume":"23 1","pages":"260"},"PeriodicalIF":10.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11960034/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143764067","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Plant volatiles-loaded core-shell micro-nano fibers to achieve efficient and sustained bisexual attraction to pests.","authors":"Chenglong Cui, Wenjie Shangguan, Kebin Li, Xingfu Jiang, Zhimin Wang, Jiao Yin, Lidong Cao","doi":"10.1186/s12951-025-03269-2","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12951-025-03269-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Chemical pesticides face significant challenges regarding their efficacy and environmental impact. Plant-based food attractants have emerged as a promising green alternative for pest control. However, their field application is limited by the short duration of effectiveness, necessitating improved carrier systems for sustained release. Electrospinning is a promising technology in this field, with core-shell fibers offering superior performance in efficient loading and sustained release compared to uniaxial fibers, highlighting their potential for further development.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In this study, core-shell micro-nano fiber mats were prepared via coaxial electrospinning using multiple environmentally friendly polymers. These mats were firstly and successfully loaded with food attractants bisexually attractive to Loxostege sticticalis adults, including 1-octen-3-ol, trans-2-hexenal, linalool, and anethole, enabling sustained release and effective trapping. The components in the core-shell spinning solution were chemically compatible, and after spinning, the poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-4-hydroxybutyrate)/polycaprolactone (PHB/PCL) in the shell layer and polyethylene oxide (PEO) in the core layer formed core-shell fibers with clear boundaries. The mats achieved an average encapsulation efficiency of 78% for active ingredients, with a sustained release profile that delivered over 60% of the attractants within 80 days while mitigating early burst release. Electroantennogram and behavioral studies revealed that the mats retained electrophysiological activity for at least 90 days, effectively attracting male and female adult insects even after 75 days. Field trials demonstrated that the mats significantly outperformed commercial slow-release carriers, attracting a higher number of L. sticticalis adults. Additionally, the mats exhibited strong stress resistance, biodegradability, and environmental compatibility, effectively protecting active molecules while minimizing ecological impact.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The developed fiber mats provide a highly efficient, eco-friendly carrier for plant-based food attractants, offering prolonged efficacy and improved insect trapping performance. This study highlights their potential for sustainable agriculture and pest management, paving the way for greener alternatives to chemical pesticides.</p>","PeriodicalId":16383,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nanobiotechnology","volume":"23 1","pages":"259"},"PeriodicalIF":10.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11959770/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143753026","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exogenous nano-silicon enhances the ability of intercropped faba bean to alleviate cadmium toxicity and resist Fusarium wilt.","authors":"Chaosheng Luo, Ting Li, You Huang, Taiqin Liu, Yan Dong","doi":"10.1186/s12951-025-03330-0","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12951-025-03330-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Excessive soil cadmium (Cd) and the accumulation of pathogens pose serious threats to legume growth. However, it remains unclear whether intercropping (IFcd) and its combined treatment with silicon nanoparticles (Si-NPs) (IFcd + Si) can alleviate these challenges under Cd stress, as well as the underlying mechanisms involved. This study systematically elucidated the mechanism of faba bean-wheat intercropping and Si-NPs regulating faba bean growth under Cd stress using rhizosphere metabolomics and 16 S rRNA microbiome analysis. The results showed that IFcd and IFcd + Si treatments significantly reduced Cd accumulation by 17.3% and 56.2%, and Fusarium wilt incidence by 11.1% and 33.3%, respectively, compared with monoculture faba bean (MFcd) while promoting root and plant growth. These treatments reduced oxidative stress markers, including H₂O₂, MDA, and O₂^-, and increased the activity of defense enzymes, such as SOD, APX, and POD in plants. Furthermore, they increased NH₄⁺-N and available potassium levels in rhizosphere soils. Interestingly, the NH₄⁺-N content increased and was significantly positively correlated with urease (URE) activity and negatively correlated with Cd. Beneficial bacteria and functional metabolites were enriched in the rhizosphere of faba bean. Joint analysis revealed increased relative abundances of Sphingomonas, Intrasporangium, and Streptomyces, which were positively correlated with antibacterial metabolites, such as sordarin, lactucin, and 15-methylpalmate. This explains the reduced Cd accumulation and Fusarium wilt in plants. These findings provide mechanistic insights into how intercropping with Si-NPs mitigates Cd stress and controls soil-borne diseases by regulating rhizosphere metabolites, bacterial communities, and plant resistance.</p>","PeriodicalId":16383,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nanobiotechnology","volume":"23 1","pages":"262"},"PeriodicalIF":10.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11959883/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143764062","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Oral administration of Momordica charantia-derived extracellular vesicles alleviates ulcerative colitis through comprehensive renovation of the intestinal microenvironment.","authors":"Bowen Gao, Xiaoling Huang, Junlong Fu, Liyuan Chen, Zhichao Deng, Shuhui Wang, Yuanyuan Zhu, Chenxi Xu, Yujie Zhang, Mingxin Zhang, Lina Chen, Manli Cui, Mingzhen Zhang","doi":"10.1186/s12951-025-03346-6","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12951-025-03346-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Ulcerative colitis (UC) is an inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), accompanied by intense inflammation, oxidative stress, and intestinal microbiota dysbiosis. Current treatments using chemotherapeutic drugs or immunosuppressants have limited effectiveness and side effects. Therefore, the development of safe, effective, and multi-targeting therapies for IBD is of great importance. Momordica charantia exhibits antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and intestinal microbiota-regulating properties, suggesting that Momordica charantia-derived extracellular vesicles (MCEVs) have the potential for UC management.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We extracted MCEVs using differential centrifugation and density gradient centrifugation. The results showed that MCEVs possessed high purity, even particle size, and excellent stability. In vitro, MCEVs were shown to inhibit macrophage inflammatory responses, scavenge reactive oxygen species (ROS), and protect cells from oxidative damage. Transcriptomics analysis revealed that MCEVs may alleviate mitochondria-dependent apoptosis by safeguarding the integrity of the mitochondrial structure and regulating the expression of apoptosis-related proteins. Furthermore, all components of MCEVs contributed to their pharmacological activity. In vivo, MCEVs had better retention in the inflamed colon and significantly alleviated UC through a comprehensive renovation of the intestinal microenvironment.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>These findings suggested that MCEVs own considerable potential as natural nanotherapeutics for UC treatment.</p>","PeriodicalId":16383,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nanobiotechnology","volume":"23 1","pages":"261"},"PeriodicalIF":10.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11959773/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143764066","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Addressing the challenges of infectious bone defects: a review of recent advances in bifunctional biomaterials.","authors":"Huaiyuan Zhang, Wenyu Qiao, Yu Liu, Xizhou Yao, Yonghua Zhai, Longhai Du","doi":"10.1186/s12951-025-03295-0","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12951-025-03295-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Infectious bone defects present a substantial clinical challenge due to the complex interplay between infection control and bone regeneration. These defects often result from trauma, autoimmune diseases, infections, or tumors, requiring a nuanced approach that simultaneously addresses infection and promotes tissue repair. Recent advances in tissue engineering and materials science, particularly in nanomaterials and nano-drug formulations, have led to the development of bifunctional biomaterials with combined osteogenic and antibacterial properties. These materials offer an alternative to traditional bone grafts, minimizing complications such as multiple surgeries, high antibiotic dosages, and lengthy recovery periods. This review examines the repair mechanisms in the infectious microenvironment and highlights various bifunctional biomaterials that foster both anti-infective and osteogenic processes. Emerging design strategies are also discussed to provide a forward-looking perspective on treating infectious bone defects with clinically significant outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":16383,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nanobiotechnology","volume":"23 1","pages":"257"},"PeriodicalIF":10.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11954225/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143743041","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Single-cell multi-omics analysis reveals the mechanism of action of a novel antioxidant polyphenol nanoparticle loaded with STAT3 agonist in mediating cardiomyocyte ferroptosis to ameliorate age-related heart failure.","authors":"Haoyuan Zheng, Yuan Tian, Dongyu Li, Yanxiao Liang","doi":"10.1186/s12951-025-03317-x","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12951-025-03317-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Heart failure (HF) is a prevalent and critical cardiac condition that leads to profound structural and functional changes in the heart. Although traditional treatments have shown partial efficacy, the long-term outcomes remain suboptimal. Emerging research has highlighted the pivotal role of oxidative stress and ferroptosis in HF progression. This study investigates a new therapeutic approach utilizing antioxidant polyphenol nanoparticles loaded with a STAT3 agonist (PN@Col) to target these pathways and improve age-related HF.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Key cells and genes contributing to HF progression were identified via analysis of the GEO database, with single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) and AUCell analysis used to evaluate differential gene expression. The STAT3 gene was highlighted as essential, and its functionality was further validated in vitro through cell experiments, confirming its impact on cardiomyocytes (CMs) in HF. Following the development of PN@Col, in vitro experiments showed that PN@Col effectively reduced oxidative stress and ferroptosis in CMs. In vivo studies in elderly HF mice demonstrated significant improvements in cardiac function following PN@Col treatment.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>PN@Col offers a promising therapeutic approach to age-related HF by mitigating oxidative stress and ferroptosis in cardiomyocytes. These findings provide a solid scientific foundation for PN@Col as a potential novel treatment strategy for HF, supporting further exploration toward clinical application.</p>","PeriodicalId":16383,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nanobiotechnology","volume":"23 1","pages":"258"},"PeriodicalIF":10.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11955111/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143743085","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Scalable ion concentration polarization dialyzer for peritoneal dialysate regeneration.","authors":"Wonseok Kim, Seongjun Hong, Kihong Kim, Sunhwa Lee, Dong Ah Shin, Seung Hee Yang, Jeongeun Lee, Kyunghee Kim, Kyoung Jin Lee, Woo Sang Cho, Hajeong Lee, Dong Ki Kim, Hee Chan Kim, Yon Su Kim, Jung Chan Lee, Gun Yong Sung, Sung Jae Kim","doi":"10.1186/s12951-025-03294-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12951-025-03294-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A wearable artificial kidney (WAK) stands poised to offer dialysis treatment with maximal temporal and spatial flexibility for end-stage renal disease (ESRD) patients, while portability has not yet been achieved due to difficulties in portable purification. The ion concentration polarization (ICP), one of the nanoelectrokinetic phenomenon, has garnered substantial attention in the realm of portable purification applications, owing to its remarkable capacity for charge separation. In this work, scalable ICP dialyzer with 10,000-fold increase in throughput, was applied for peritoneal dialysate regeneration. First, the mechanism underpinning dialysate purification was corroborated based on micro-nanofluidics. Simultaneously, the electrochemical reactions utilized the complete decomposition of uncharged toxin (urea), achieving approximately 99% clearance, while the ICP phenomenon promoted the removal of positively charged toxin (creatinine), achieving approximately 30% clearance. Second, 3-D scalable ICP dialyzer was developed with a creation of micro-nanofluidic environment inside. Throughput scalability was demonstrated up to 1 mL/min with average approximately 30% toxins clearance. Ultimately, the 3-D ICP dialyzer was applied to assist peritoneal dialysis (PD) using a bilateral nephrectomy rat model. We demonstrated that regenerated dialysate successfully reduced in vivo toxicity, with average toxins removal ratio of approximately 30% per cycle. We believe that the integration of this scalable ICP dialyzer into the WAK holds tremendous potential for substantially enhancing the quality of life for individuals with ESRD.</p>","PeriodicalId":16383,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nanobiotechnology","volume":"23 1","pages":"255"},"PeriodicalIF":10.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11954356/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143743076","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Autologous platelet delivery of siRNAs by autologous plasma protein self-assembled nanoparticles for the treatment of acute kidney injury.","authors":"Jiafan Wang, Hai Huang, Meng Jia, Si Chen, Fengjuan Wang, Guiyang He, Chong Wu, Kaibin Lou, Xuexue Zheng, Heng Zhang, Chao Qin, Yanggang Yuan, Ke Zen, Hongwei Liang","doi":"10.1186/s12951-025-03338-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12951-025-03338-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Acute kidney injury (AKI) involves the activation of intrarenal hemostatic and inflammatory pathways. Platelets rapidly migrate to affected sites of AKI and release extracellular vesicles (EVs) laden with bioactive mediators that regulate inflammation and hemostasis. While small interfering RNA (siRNA) is a potent gene-silencing tool for biomedical applications, its therapeutic application in vivo remains challenging. We developed an innovative nucleic acid delivery platform by hybridizing synthetic transformation-related protein 53 (p53) siRNA with autologous plasma and incubating the complex with autologous platelets. These engineered platelets selectively delivered p53 siRNA to injured renal tubular cells via EV-mediated cargo release, resulting in targeted p53 suppression in renal cells and subsequent attenuation of AKI progression. This platelet-centric translational strategy demonstrates significant potential for advancing precision therapies in AKI by exploiting endogenous platelet trafficking to deliver therapeutics directly to injury sites.</p>","PeriodicalId":16383,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nanobiotechnology","volume":"23 1","pages":"256"},"PeriodicalIF":10.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11954310/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143743047","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}