{"title":"Tumor cell membrane‑coated MOF‑199 nanoparticles co‑loaded with auranofin and celecoxib enhance single‑dose radiotherapy and anti‑PD‑L1 therapy in cervical cancer.","authors":"Chenzhe Feng, Junjie Wang, Yongjing Zhang, Yeqian Feng","doi":"10.1186/s12951-026-05116-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12951-026-05116-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Cervical cancer (CC) remains one of the leading causes of cancer-related death among women worldwide. Radiotherapy (RT) is an integral component of multimodal treatment for CC. Beyond its direct cytotoxic effects mediated by radiation-induced DNA damage, RT can also elicit antitumor immunity by promoting the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and inducing immunogenic cell death (ICD). This immunomodulatory property provides a strong rationale for combining RT with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), a combination strategy that holds promise for enhancing therapeutic efficacy in CC. However, CC cells can exploit their antioxidant defense systems to counteract the oxidative stress induced by RT. The glutathione (GSH) and thioredoxin 1 (Trx1) antioxidant systems constitute the major intracellular antioxidant barriers of CC. They can attenuate ICD by scavenging ROS to limit RT-induced antitumor immune activation, thereby diminishing the efficacy of RT and ICIs combination treatment. Additionally, RT can also activate cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) to promote the production and release of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), in turn suppressing DC maturation, consequently weakening ICD-mediated activation of anti-tumor immunity. Hence, we herein designed a tumor cell membrane-coated copper-based metal-organic framework nanomaterial (MOF-199) co-delivering auranofin and celecoxib (MAC@M) for co-targeting the antioxidant system and COX-2/PGE2 pathway to augment radioimmunotherapy efficacy in CC. In vitro experiments demonstrated that MAC@M could significantly enhance RT to increase CRT exposure, HMGB1 release, and ATP secretion, as well as promote DC activation. In animal models, MAC@M combined with RT elicited robust CD8⁺ T cell and NK cell-mediated antitumor immune responses, which largely contributed to local tumor control and a pronounced systemic antitumor effect, ultimately improving ICI efficacy in CC. Collectively, our study may provide a new combinatorial treatment strategy against CC.</p>","PeriodicalId":16383,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nanobiotechnology","volume":"24 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":15.0,"publicationDate":"2026-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13628740/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149110706","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ze Wang, Hongyu Chu, Jincheng Du, Hao Liang, Yiyang Ding, Linlin Liu, Quan Lin, Ying Wang
{"title":"Visualized self-propelled nanorobots overcome tumor barriers for boosted photothermal-nanocatalytic synergistic therapy against triple-negative breast cancer.","authors":"Ze Wang, Hongyu Chu, Jincheng Du, Hao Liang, Yiyang Ding, Linlin Liu, Quan Lin, Ying Wang","doi":"10.1186/s12951-026-05065-y","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12951-026-05065-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Conventional nanozyme-based therapeutics for triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) are severely hindered by insufficient tumor penetration and lysosomal degradation-induced enzyme inactivation, crippling therapeutic efficacy. Herein, we rationally construct visualized dual-propelled Janus PDAPdAu nanorobots (PPA NBs) with cascade catalytic activity for synergistic photothermal-nanocatalytic therapy of TNBC. Powered by near-infrared light-triggered thermophoresis and nanozyme-fueled oxygen propulsion, PPA NBs realize deep tumor penetration and lysosomal escape. PPA NBs exhibit catalase-mimicking activity to alleviate tumor hypoxia through hydrogen peroxide decomposition, and glucose oxidase-mimicking activity to deplete glucose and downregulate heat shock proteins, thus sensitizing TNBC to photothermal therapy (PTT). Localized hyperthermia further enhances nanozyme catalysis, forming an amplified synergy between nanocatalytic therapy and PTT that affords an outstanding 97% tumor inhibition rate. Furthermore, PPA NBs act as excellent fluorescent biosensing probes for visual lesion localization. Overall, this work provides visual diagnosis and advanced TNBC phototherapy strategies, a reliable paradigm for cancer patients' health monitoring and treatment.</p>","PeriodicalId":16383,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nanobiotechnology","volume":"24 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":15.0,"publicationDate":"2026-09-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13587518/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149001937","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Sprayable hydrogel loaded with engineered fusion cellular vesicles for cancer recurrence suppression.","authors":"Yumiao Yang, Yuyue Zhao, Guowang Cheng, Zhou Lan, Hao Cui, Wei Liu, Bowen Li, Jiaxian Yu, Zhen Tian, Zhiyang Zhu, Jiaxin Wu, Qibu Luo, Yingluo Chen, Zhenzi Lin, Guangtao Yu","doi":"10.1186/s12951-026-05062-1","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12951-026-05062-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Surgical resection often leaves residual lesions that lead to tumor recurrence and high mortality across various cancer types, a challenge that is particularly pronounced in oral squamous cell carcinoma. Herein, we developed a sprayable hydrogel loaded with fusion cellular vesicles (Fus-CVs) and characterized its structural and mechanical properties for the prevention of postoperative tumor recurrence. Fus-CVs co‑express PD‑1 to engage PD‑L1 on tumor cells and CD36 to competitively bind oxidized lipids in the tumor microenvironment, thereby effectively reversing T cell exhaustion and restoring T cell effector function. Additionally, the sprayable hydrogel, formed by crosslinking sodium alginate (SA) with the ionic solution (calcium chloride, CaCl<sub>2</sub>; manganese chloride, MnCl<sub>2</sub>), enables sustained local delivery of Fus‑CVs to potentiate T cell‑mediated killing of residual tumor cells.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In vitro experiments and primary tumor model confirmed that Fus‑CVs specifically achieve dual targeting of PD-L1 on tumor cells and oxidized lipids in the tumor microenvironment, reverse T cell exhaustion and achieve combination therapy. In an established postoperative recurrence mouse model, the SA solution containing Fus-CVs and the ionic solution could be co-sprayed to rapidly form a conformal, uniform and stable layer on irregular tissue surfaces, enabling sustained local release of Fus-CVs and achieve effective tumor recurrence suppression.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Fus‑CVs-loaded sprayable hydrogel not only achieves dual functionality in immune checkpoint blockade and lipid metabolic regulation but also offers localized controlled release, and reduced systemic toxicity, thereby presenting a clinically translatable strategy for postoperative recurrence prevention.</p>","PeriodicalId":16383,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nanobiotechnology","volume":"24 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":15.0,"publicationDate":"2026-09-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13591830/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149016642","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Andrew E-Y Chuang, Szu-Yu Tung, Kai-Yi Tzou, Yao-En Cai, Hao-Cheng Hsu, Ke-Hung Tsui, Wei-Xuan Lin, Lekshmi Rethi, Shao-Wei Dong, Hieu Trung Nguyen, Chia-Hung Liu
{"title":"A CD44-targeted PDA/ZnO redox-active nanocomposite that couples chemotherapy with mitochondrial stress and tumor immune remodeling.","authors":"Andrew E-Y Chuang, Szu-Yu Tung, Kai-Yi Tzou, Yao-En Cai, Hao-Cheng Hsu, Ke-Hung Tsui, Wei-Xuan Lin, Lekshmi Rethi, Shao-Wei Dong, Hieu Trung Nguyen, Chia-Hung Liu","doi":"10.1186/s12951-026-04899-w","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12951-026-04899-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Bladder cancer therapy is frequently limited by inefficient drug retention and adaptive immune resistance within a hypoxic tumor microenvironment. Here, we report a CD44-targeted, fully synthetic nanocomposite (HPPZC) that converts chemotherapy into a mitochondria-associated therapeutic strategy accompanied by tumor immune remodeling. Rapid microwave-assisted assembly integrates hyaluronic acid (HA), polydopamine (PDA), protamine, zinc oxide (ZnO), and camptothecin (CPT) into a structurally integrated hybrid nanocomposite with tumor targeting, while the PDA/ZnO interface functions as a redox-active platform associated with mitochondrial dysfunction and redox modulation. HPPZC induces rapid mitochondrial depolarization, elevates oxidative stress, and is associated with PINK1/Parkin-related mitochondrial quality-control and autophagy-associated turnover signatures. In vivo, HPPZC treatment prolonged local intratumoral retention and produced tumor regression. The combination of chemotherapy with mitochondrial stress and tumor immune remodeling, suppressing CXCL12 and PD-L1, promoting M1-like marker profile, and increasing CD8⁺ T-cell infiltration. This work establishes a reproducibly fabricated redox-active nanotherapeutic associated with mitochondrial stress that couples targeted chemotherapy with immune microenvironment remodeling for antitumor efficacy.</p>","PeriodicalId":16383,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nanobiotechnology","volume":"24 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":15.0,"publicationDate":"2026-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13546518/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148900747","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Reprogramming pulmonary B cells by ANXA1 silencing halts lung metastatic niche formation in breast cancer.","authors":"Xiaoke Gao, Meng Zhang, Xiaohan Yao, Jing Wang, Xueying Wang, Xiaohan Lou, Jiajia Wan, Xixi Duan, Lijing Zhang, Ningjing Lei, Hefei Huang, Siyuan Huang, Linlin Yan, Bo Qin, Jinkun Zhang, Zhihai Qin, Fazhan Wang","doi":"10.1186/s12951-026-04995-x","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12951-026-04995-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Lung metastasis remains a determinant of poor prognosis and survival in breast cancer and is understood to depend on a permissive pulmonary immune niche rather than tumor cell traits alone. Here, we developed a host-directed RNA interference strategy to modulate this niche by reprogramming pulmonary B cells for breast cancer lung metastasis treatment. IF7C peptide-decorated cationic liposomes were constructed, which preferentially accumulated in the lung, and were internalized by pulmonary B cells, enabling selective silencing of annexin A1 (ANXA1). In tumor-conditioned primary B cells, ANXA1 knockdown reshaped the transcriptional landscape and shifted cytokine output away from an immunosuppressive profile characterized by IL-10, TGF-β, and IL-35. Functionally, ANXA1-silenced B cells lost their capacity to drive CD4⁺ T cells toward Foxp3⁺ regulatory differentiation and instead promoted Th1 features, while concurrently relieving suppression of CD8⁺ T-cell proliferation. In two postoperative syngeneic breast cancer models, perioperative administration achieved ANXA1 silencing in pulmonary B cells, reduced lung Treg accumulation, enhanced CD8⁺ T-cell infiltration and effector activity, and suppressed metastatic outgrowth with favorable systemic safety. These findings identify pulmonary B cells as an actionable regulator of the lung metastatic niche and establish perioperative, B-cell-focused ANXA1 silencing as a practical approach to prevent postoperative lung metastatic recurrence.</p>","PeriodicalId":16383,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nanobiotechnology","volume":"24 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":15.0,"publicationDate":"2026-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13527983/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148865155","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}