Journal of Nanobiotechnology最新文献

{"title":"A minimalist self-assembly nanosystem for cancer immunotherapy via multiple immune activation.","authors":"Weizhe Xu, Shiyuan Wang, Jiayi Zhang, Fang Wang, Zhaogang Sun, Bei Liu, Jun Ye, Hongqian Chu","doi":"10.1186/s12951-025-03464-1","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12951-025-03464-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In recent years, anti-tumor immunity has emerged as a central focus in cancer research, with the rapid advancement of immunotherapy heralding a new era in cancer treatment. Despite the significant potential of immunotherapy, the use of single-agent approaches or limited combination therapies has not consistently yielded optimal therapeutic outcomes. The strategic and controlled integration of diverse immune activation techniques within a single nanoparticle, utilizing a straightforward and universal methodology, continues to present a substantial challenge. Self-assembly, as a simple synthesis method, offers the possibility of combining multiple therapeutic approaches through straightforward means. In this study, we developed a novel approach to construct a biocompatible nanosystem, named Cu-ICG-CpG-FA (CICF), which was synthesized through one-pot coordination-driven self-assembly of Cu²⁺ ions, CpG oligonucleotides and indocyanine green (ICG), followed by a surface modification with folic acid. Folic acid, as a ligand, can bind to folic acid receptors expressed on the surface of tumor cells. Cu²⁺ facilitates chemodynamic therapy (CDT) through the Fenton reaction. ICG serves as a therapeutic for photothermal therapy (PTT) and photodynamic therapy (PDT). Moreover, CDT and PTT/PDT can induce immunogenic cell death (ICD), which is further enhanced by the immune-stimulating effect of CpG, thereby improving the tumor immunosuppressive microenvironment. Therefore, CICF provides a simple and efficient approach to synergistic cancer immunotherapy with promising clinical applications.</p>","PeriodicalId":16383,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nanobiotechnology","volume":"23 1","pages":"410"},"PeriodicalIF":10.6,"publicationDate":"2025-06-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12131631/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144208731","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An integrated multi-mode detection platform based on CRISPR/Cas 12a and aptamers for ultra-sensitive identification of sulfamethazine and genes associated with sulfonamide resistance.","authors":"Tao Zhang, Zongwu Meng, Haoyu Yu, Zerun Zhang, Guiling Liu, Anqi Qiu, Wanshu Zheng, Ping Ding, Tianhan Kai","doi":"10.1186/s12951-025-03463-2","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12951-025-03463-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The production and buildup of sulfamethazine (SMZ) and resistance genes for sulfonamide antibiotics (sul1) pose a serious risk to environmental and public health safety. Creating advanced sensing systems that are both highly sensitive and selective for the prolonged observation of SMZ concentrations in the environment, along with the quantification of sul1 gene prevalence, aims to identify trends in resistance, posing a considerable challenge. Here, we devised a platform (SMZ-sul1 multi-mode detection platform) that allows for the fluorescence detection of SMZ in environmental samples. This is achieved through the competition for the aptamer between the complementary base and SMZ, along with the colorimetric, photothermal, and electrochemical tracking of sul1, using a magnetic separation unit (FP@cDNA). MOF-818@PtPd (MPP) nanozymes with high peroxide mimetic enzyme activity were linked to FP@cDNA through Zr-O-P bond and employed as a catalyst for the 3,3',5,5'-tetramethylbenzidine (TMB) oxidation, as well as for electrocatalytic hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) reduction. The ability of Cas12a to perform trans cleavage was activated by its precise identification of the sul1, leading to the non-selective cutting of single-stranded DNA (ssDNA). Thereafter, the MPP nanoparticles were released into the supernatant, where they catalyzed the oxidation of TMB. Alternatively, the functioning CRISPR/Cas12a system specifically targeted and cleaved ssDNA present on the electrode, resulting in altered loading of MPP nanozymes and a decrease in the current associated with the catalytic reduction of H₂O₂. The remarkable magnetic separation capabilities of FP@cDNA, combined with the superior target recognition features of CRISPR/Cas12a and aptamer, facilitated the creation of a highly sensitive detection system, achieving detection limits of 0.67 pM for SMZ and 7.6 fM for sul1, and exhibit great potential for monitoring and prediction in the field of public health.</p>","PeriodicalId":16383,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nanobiotechnology","volume":"23 1","pages":"408"},"PeriodicalIF":10.6,"publicationDate":"2025-06-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12131764/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144208732","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Gastrointestinal exposure to silica nanoparticles induced Alzheimer's disease-like neurotoxicity in mice relying on gut microbiota and modulation through TLR4/NF-κB and HDAC.","authors":"Lisha Du, Benjie Wang, Xinyi Wang, Longxing Wang, Renjun Wang, Yuanyuan Zhang, Zemei Hong, Xiaofei Han, Yadong Wang","doi":"10.1186/s12951-025-03481-0","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12951-025-03481-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Silica nanoparticles (SiO₂ NPs) are widely used in the food and pharmaceutical industries and dramatically increase the health risks associated with gastrointestinal exposure. However, the neurotoxicological effects and mechanisms of exposure to SiO₂ NPs and their relationship with the gut microbiome require further in-depth investigation. Here, we performed a systematic assessment of the toxicity of gavage containing 20 nm SiO₂ NPs to C57BL/6 J mice.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>After 14 weeks administration, we comprehensively discovered that gastrointestinal exposure to SiO₂ NPs led to mice Alzheimer's disease (AD)-like neurotoxicity, including Aβ accumulation, cognitive impairment, oxidative stress burden, and neuroinflammation, which was microbiota-gut-brain axis-dependent and proven using a low-load gut-bacteria experiment and antibiotic treatment. Mechanistically, gastrointestinal exposure to SiO₂ NPs disrupted intestinal homeostasis. Specifically, the total faecal short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) levels were reduced as analysed by 16S rRNA gene sequencing and liquid chromatography mass-spectrometry (LC-MS) analysis. The reduced SCFA content damaged the integrity of gut-brain axis by increasing gut permeability, which may have caused metabolite redistribution, brain basement membrane dissolution, activated the neuroinflammation signalling pathway TLR4/NF-κB, and interfered with HDAC3 and HDAC1/OGG1 pathways.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>We showed for the first time that gastrointestinal exposure to SiO₂ NPs depends on the gut microbiome and causes neurological and cognitive impairment via gut-brain axis information transmission. These findings suggest that the gut microbiota, as a mediator between intestinal and brain information communications, contributes to gastrointestinal exposure to SiO₂ NPs-induced neurotoxicity. The health risks of exposure to SiO₂ NPs should be recognised, and addressing strategies should be extensively reconsidered.</p>","PeriodicalId":16383,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nanobiotechnology","volume":"23 1","pages":"406"},"PeriodicalIF":10.6,"publicationDate":"2025-06-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12128267/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144208733","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"In situ radiochemical doping of functionalized inorganic nanoplatforms for theranostic applications: a paradigm shift in nanooncology.","authors":"Sanchita Ghosh, Yutong Liang, Weibo Cai, Rubel Chakravarty","doi":"10.1186/s12951-025-03472-1","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12951-025-03472-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In situ radiochemical doping presents a transformative approach for synthesizing radiolabeled inorganic nanoparticles (NPs) for cancer theranostics. Traditional radiolabeling techniques rely on bifunctional chelators, which often require harsh reaction conditions that can degrade the physicochemical properties of NPs. Additionally, the enzymatic dissociation of radiometals can potentially induce in vivo toxicity. In contrast, in situ doping directly incorporates radiometals into the NP crystal lattice, significantly enhancing both radiolabeling yield and radiochemical stability. This method preserves the pharmacokinetic profiles of the radiolabeled NPs, improving their theranostic efficacy. This review provides an up-to-date overview of the progress made in the development of radiolabeled inorganic nanoplatforms through in situ doping, with a focus on their stability, physicochemical characteristics, and applications in cancer theranostics. Our findings highlight the advantages in situ doping as a more efficient and stable alternative to conventional radiolabeling methods, offering substantial potential for the development of more effective cancer theranostic agents.</p>","PeriodicalId":16383,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nanobiotechnology","volume":"23 1","pages":"407"},"PeriodicalIF":10.6,"publicationDate":"2025-06-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12128498/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144208735","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"ZnO colludes with C. acnes in healing delay and Scar hyperplasia by barrier destruction.","authors":"Fenglan Zhang, Tianyi Wang, Wenqiao Wang, Yaqian Lv, Yingshan Qu, Danping Liu, Xiaoyue Sun, Xiaoying Kong, Changyuan Wang, Jinsheng Shi","doi":"10.1186/s12951-025-03414-x","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12951-025-03414-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>As an important component of sunscreen products for sensitive skin, the potential damage mechanism of ZnO nanoparticles on skin surface with barrier structure or function defect caused by Cutibacterium acnes (C. acnes) has not been elucidated, which poses a serious challenge for reasonable selection of sunscreen products for acne-infected skin. In this work, we demonstrated for the first time that C. acnes induced significant changes in the membrane permeability and intracellular pH of fibroblasts through lipase up-regulation and lipid peroxidation, promoting endocytosis and ionization of ZnO NPs. High amounts of Zn^2 + further delayed acne wound healing and aggravated scar hyperplasia by intervening matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) and TGF-β1/Smad pathway. MMP9 was confirmed to be the key target of ZnO in delaying acne wound healing by the wound regulatory effects of MMP9 agonist and MMP9 inhibitor. In summary, this work clarified the interaction mechanism between ZnO NPs and acne skins, providing guideline for the application of physical sunscreens for special skins.</p>","PeriodicalId":16383,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nanobiotechnology","volume":"23 1","pages":"404"},"PeriodicalIF":10.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12125763/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144191933","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The STING-activating nanofactory relieves T cell exhaustion in Mn-based tumor immunotherapy by regulating mitochondrial dysfunction.","authors":"Nana Chen, Yushan Yang, Limin Fan, Yanni Cai, Weimin Yin, Zichen Yang, Yuge Zhao, Shiyu Chen, Hui Zhi, Liangyi Xue, Xiaoyou Zhang, Lulu An, Yongyong Li, Tianbin Ren","doi":"10.1186/s12951-025-03469-w","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12951-025-03469-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Manganese-based STING-activating tumor immunotherapy faces limitations due to T cell exhaustion. Mitochondrial dysfunction is a key factor contributing to T cell exhaustion. Modulating mitochondrial function during manganese-based immunotherapy offers a promising strategy to reverse T cell exhaustion. Spermidine (SPD) enhances mitochondrial function in T cells, making the co-delivery of Mn and SPD a potential therapeutic approach. However, intravenous co-delivery is hindered by the rapid formation of MnO(OH)₂ precipitates. In this study, liposomes were employed as nano-reactors to facilitate the reaction between pre-loaded Mn²⁺ and O₂ in the presence of SPD, forming MnO(OH)₂ precipitates within the liposomes. These liposomes function as nanofactories, further processing MnO(OH)₂ under the regulation of the tumor microenvironment (TME) and delivering Mn, SPD, and O₂. Beyond activating the STING pathway in dendritic cells, L@Mn@SPD alleviates TME hypoxia and effectively reverses CD8⁺ T cell exhaustion. In vivo, L@Mn@SPD achieved a 2.44-fold increase in tumor suppression compared to MnCl₂, along with a 47% rise in CD8⁺ T cell infiltration, a 62.1% reduction in PD-1 expression, and a 110% increase in IFN-γ secretion. This STING-activating nanofactory provides a promising strategy to enhance manganese-based tumor immunotherapy by addressing mitochondrial dysfunction in exhausted T cells.</p>","PeriodicalId":16383,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nanobiotechnology","volume":"23 1","pages":"403"},"PeriodicalIF":10.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12125927/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144191932","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Controllable nickel ions release from deferoxamine mesylate-triggered nickel-iron layered double hydroxide for eliciting apoptotic cell death in prostate cancer.","authors":"Zhengbin Wang, Hui Wang, Linnan Yang, Rui Tan, Wenrui Guan, Sixu Chen, Guowen Jiang, Wanqing Liu, Peng Wang, Xiaowan Huang, Chaozhao Liang, Yunjiao Zhang, Guilong Zhang, Li Zhang","doi":"10.1186/s12951-025-03489-6","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12951-025-03489-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Despite their unique advantages and vast potential, nanomaterials employed in cancer therapy still encounter challenges such as uneven biodistribution, unintended drug leakage, and especially potential tissue damage caused by off-target toxicity. Bioinert nanomaterials, known for their excellent chemical stability, and minimal biological reactivity, can exert localized tumoricidal effects in response to specific external stimuli. However, the lack of precise control or poor penetration depth largely limits the therapeutic efficacy, necessitating the development of innovative stimuli-responsive therapeutic strategies. This study presents an alternative drug-responsive cancer therapeutic approach based on nickel-iron layered double hydroxide (NiFe-LDH), which exhibited negligible toxicity to both normal cells and cancer cells. By conjugating a platelet-derived growth factor receptor (PDGFR)-β-targeting cyclic peptide, NiFe-LDH achieved high specificity for prostate cancer cells, significantly enhancing tumor targeting and accumulation. Upon administration of deferoxamine mesylate (DFOM), an FDA-approved iron chelator, NiFe-LDH transitioned from a \"bioinert\" state to a \"bioactive\" nanotherapeutic through structural disassembly and robust release of nickel ions (Ni²⁺). The released ions disrupted mitochondrial function, upregulated insulin-like growth factor binding protein 3 (IGFBP3), and further inhibited the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway, consequently leading to potent and selective induction of apoptosis in prostate cancer cells. Unlike conventional therapies, which often cause varying degrees of toxicity in non-target organs, this stimuli-responsive nanoplatform could minimize off-target effects and systemic toxicity by combining the non-toxic LDH with the clinically used DFOM. Our findings demonstrate that DFOM-responsive NiFe-LDH can effectively inhibit tumor growth in both cultured cells and tumor xenografts, suggesting a rational and clinically translatable platform for precision cancer therapy.</p>","PeriodicalId":16383,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nanobiotechnology","volume":"23 1","pages":"399"},"PeriodicalIF":10.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12124052/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144187166","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Immunogenicity and cellular response of a herpes zoster virus gEgI fusion protein adjuvanted with CpG-emulsion in mice.","authors":"Sibo Zhang, Yarong Zeng, Lingyan Cui, Yiwen Zhang, Tingting Chen, Wenhui Xue, Hong Wang, Hongjing Liu, Yuyun Zhang, Lin Chen, Lizhi Zhou, Yueting Xiong, Qingbing Zheng, Hai Yu, Tong Cheng, Jun Zhang, Ying Gu, Tingting Li, Ningshao Xia, Shaowei Li","doi":"10.1186/s12951-025-03423-w","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12951-025-03423-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Herpes zoster (HZ), commonly known as shingles, arises from the reactivation of the latent varicella-zoster virus (VZV) when VZV-specific cellular immunity declines below a critical threshold necessary for viral suppression. The current leading vaccine, Shingrix, which incorporates the adjuvant AS01_B with glycoprotein E (gE), has significantly contributed to HZ prevention but raises concerns regarding safety and accessibility. Addressing the need for safer and more accessible HZ vaccinations, we developed a vaccine comprising a fusion protein of glycoprotein E and I (gEgI), connected via a linker, targeting abundant B cell and CD4 T cell epitopes. Our study assessed the immunogenicity of the gE alone and the gEgI fusion protein in adult mice, revealing that gEgI prompts a more potent and comprehensive T cell response compared to gE alone. Furthermore, we introduced a composite adjuvant, an emulsion-type adjuvant combined with CpG1018 (XUA09C), which was shown to enhance both humoral and cellular immune responses beyond the capabilities of XUA09 with CpG alone. Comparative analyses demonstrated that the XUA09C-adjuvanted gEgI vaccine induces comparable antibody responses and significantly superior T cell responses relative to Shingrix in both adult, VZV-primed, and aged mice. Single-cell RNA sequencing highlighted that gEgI/XUA09C more effectively promotes early immune activation, B and T cell proliferation, and memory T cell augmentation compared to Shingrix. These findings position the XUA09C-adjuvanted gEgI as a promising candidate for further development in HZ vaccine strategies, potentially better serving the needs of the immunocompromised population.</p>","PeriodicalId":16383,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nanobiotechnology","volume":"23 1","pages":"395"},"PeriodicalIF":10.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12124028/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144187170","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nano-formulations in disease therapy: designs, advances, challenges, and future directions.","authors":"YunYan Shi, Xiao Li, Zhiyuan Li, Jialin Sun, Tong Gao, Gang Wei, Qie Guo","doi":"10.1186/s12951-025-03442-7","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12951-025-03442-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Nano-formulations, as an innovative drug delivery system, offer distinct advantages in enhancing drug administration methods, improving bioavailability, promoting biodegradability, and enabling targeted delivery. By exploiting the unique size advantages of nano-formulations, therapeutic agents, including drugs, genes, and proteins, can be precisely reorganized at the microscale level. This modification not only facilitates the precise release of these agents but also significantly enhances their efficacy while minimizing adverse effects, thereby creating novel opportunities for treatment of a wide range of diseases. In this review, we discuss recent advancements, challenges, and future perspectives in nano-formulations for therapeutic applications. For this aim, we firstly introduce the development, design, synthesis, and action mechanisms of nano-formulations. Then, we summarize their applications in disease diagnosis and treatment, especially in fields of oncology, pulmonology, cardiology, endocrinology, dermatology, and ophthalmology. Furthermore, we address the challenges associated with the medical applications of nanomaterials, and provide an outlook on future directions based on these considerations. This review offers a comprehensive examination of the current applications and potential significance of nano-formulations in disease diagnosis and treatment, thereby contributing to the advancement of modern medical therapies.</p>","PeriodicalId":16383,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nanobiotechnology","volume":"23 1","pages":"396"},"PeriodicalIF":10.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12123787/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144187171","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Interplay between material properties and cellular effects drives distinct pattern of interaction of graphene oxide with cancer and non-cancer cells.","authors":"Yingxian Chen, Vinicio Rosano, Neus Lozano, YuYoung Shin, Aleksandr Mironov, David Spiller, Cinzia Casiraghi, Kostas Kostarelos, Sandra Vranic","doi":"10.1186/s12951-025-03400-3","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12951-025-03400-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Understanding how graphene oxide (GO) interacts with cells is crucial for its safe and efficient biomedical applications. Despite extensive research, a systematic investigation using a panel of cell lines, thoroughly characterized label-free nanomaterials, and complementary analytical techniques is lacking. Here, we examined the uptake of thin GO sheets with distinct lateral dimensions in 13 cell lines: 8 cancer (HeLa, A549, PC3, DU-145, LNCaP, SW-480, SH-SY5Y, U87-MG) and 5 non-cancer (BEAS-2B, NIH/3T3, PNT-2, HaCaT, 293T), using confocal microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and flow cytometry. Our results reveal a striking difference in GO uptake: non-cancer cells internalized GO efficiently, while in cancer cells, GO predominantly interacted with the plasma membrane, showing minimal to no internalization. Comparison to other nanomaterials (polystyrene beads and graphene flakes) confirmed that cancer cells internalize materials similarly to non-cancer cells, indicating GO-specific interactions. We identified that GO's thinness plays important role in this differential uptake. More importantly, GO disrupts the actin cytoskeleton of cancer cells, impairing the migration in cancer but not in non-cancer cells. We propose that thin GO sheets act as a cue upon interaction with the plasma membrane of cancer cell lines, subsequently inducing actin filaments disruption leading to impaired endocytosis, migration activity, and reduced capacity of cancer cells towards GO uptake.</p>","PeriodicalId":16383,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nanobiotechnology","volume":"23 1","pages":"393"},"PeriodicalIF":10.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12123884/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144181182","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}