Journal of Medical Ethics最新文献_第5页

Double-effect sedation and the importance of conceptual clarity in discussing side effects. 双效镇静和讨论副作用时概念清晰的重要性。

IF 3.4 2区哲学

Journal of Medical Ethics Pub Date : 2025-09-04 DOI: 10.1136/jme-2025-111284

Austin Due

引用次数: 0

Is the integrated/non-integrated distinction for embryo models really obsolete? 胚胎模型的综合/非综合区分真的过时了吗？

IF 3.4 2区哲学

Journal of Medical Ethics Pub Date : 2025-09-03 DOI: 10.1136/jme-2025-111245

Hafez Ismaili M'hamdi

引用次数: 0

Trans embodiment out of line: a queer phenomenological reflection on digital twins in healthcare. 越界的跨化身：对医疗保健中数字孪生的酷儿现象学反思。

IF 3.4 2区哲学

Journal of Medical Ethics Pub Date : 2025-09-03 DOI: 10.1136/jme-2025-111166

Ya-Ping Lin

引用次数: 0

Label me not: a liberal argument against mandatory calorie labels. 不要给我贴上标签：反对强制性卡路里标签的自由主义观点。

IF 3.4 2区哲学

Journal of Medical Ethics Pub Date : 2025-09-03 DOI: 10.1136/jme-2025-111131

Connor K Kianpour

{"title":"Label me not: a liberal argument against mandatory calorie labels.","authors":"Connor K Kianpour","doi":"10.1136/jme-2025-111131","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1136/jme-2025-111131","url":null,"abstract":"Mandatory calorie labelling policies (MCLs) are widely defended as neutral tools for promoting public health. This paper argues that they are neither neutral, in effect or justification, nor justified within a liberal framework. MCLs violate liberal neutrality by expressing and reinforcing a contested ideology of eating-one that prioritises restraint, quantification and self-surveillance-and their justifications rely on evaluative premises that reasonable citizens may reject. Even if neutrality is set aside, MCLs also fail more modest liberal standards. They do not reliably promote informed consent, cannot be justified as proportional paternalistic interventions and cause foreseeable harm, especially to people with eating disorders and those subjected to fat stigma. The expressive prominence of calorie counts, mandated by the state, signals an official view of how citizens ought to eat contrary to the pluralism liberalism requires. As an alternative, I propose a centralised, opt-in nutrition database that preserves transparency without ideological imposition. Unlike MCLs, this model empowers consumers without prescribing a particular conception of the dietary good. In liberal societies committed to pluralism, MCLs should be rejected.","PeriodicalId":16317,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medical Ethics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144992602","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Freedom and mosquito control: when opting out constitutes a veto of public health interventions. 自由和蚊虫控制：选择退出构成对公共卫生干预的否决。

IF 3.4 2区哲学

Journal of Medical Ethics Pub Date : 2025-09-02 DOI: 10.1136/jme-2024-110523

Parker Crutchfield, Casey Chmura

引用次数: 0

Reframing 'dehumanisation': AI and the reality of clinical communication. 重构“非人性化”：人工智能和临床交流的现实。

IF 3.4 2区哲学

Journal of Medical Ethics Pub Date : 2025-09-02 DOI: 10.1136/jme-2025-111307

Hazem Zohny

{"title":"Reframing 'dehumanisation': AI and the reality of clinical communication.","authors":"Hazem Zohny","doi":"10.1136/jme-2025-111307","DOIUrl":"10.1136/jme-2025-111307","url":null,"abstract":"Warnings that large language models (LLMs) could 'dehumanise' medical decision-making often rest on an asymmetrical comparison: the idealised, attentive healthcare provider versus a clumsy, early-stage artificial intelligence (AI). This framing ignores a more urgent reality: many patients face rushed, jargon-heavy, inconsistent communication, even from skilled professionals. This response to Hildebrand's critique argues that: (1) while he worries patients lose a safeguard against family pressure, in practice, time pressure, uncertainty and fragile dynamics often prevent clinician intervention. Because LLMs are continuously available to translate jargon and provide plain-language explanations in a patient's preferred language, they can reduce reliance on companions from the outset and be designed to flag coercive cues and invite confidential 'pause or reset' moments over time. (2) Appeals to implicit non-verbal cues as safeguards against paternalism misstate their value: when such cues contradict speech they commonly generate confusion and mistrust. By contrast, LLM communication is configurable; patients can make the level of guidance an explicit, revisable choice, enhancing autonomy. (3) Evidence that LLM responses are often rated more empathetic than clinicians disrupts the 'technical AI/empathic human' dichotomy. Moreover, clinical trust is multifaceted, frequently grounded in perceived competence and clarity, not (contra Hildebrand) shared vulnerability. Finally, because consent details are routinely forgotten, an on-demand explainer can improve comprehension and disclosure. While reliability, accountability and privacy remain decisive constraints, measured against real-world practice, careful LLM integration promises more equitable, patient-centred communication-not its erosion.","PeriodicalId":16317,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medical Ethics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144957340","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Panem, corticoids and circenses: the ethical fallout of Enhanced Games. 帕纳姆、皮质激素和执照：增强型游戏的道德后果

IF 3.4 2区哲学

Journal of Medical Ethics Pub Date : 2025-08-31 DOI: 10.1136/jme-2025-111085

Alexis Demas

{"title":"Panem, corticoids and circenses: the ethical fallout of Enhanced Games.","authors":"Alexis Demas","doi":"10.1136/jme-2025-111085","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1136/jme-2025-111085","url":null,"abstract":"The forthcoming Enhanced Games, scheduled for May 2026 in Las Vegas, mark a disruptive moment in the history of competitive sports. By institutionalising the use of performance-enhancing drugs under the guise of autonomy and medical supervision, these games promote a vision of human excellence rooted in pharmacological enhancement rather than natural talent and training. This article examines the medical, ethical and societal implications of such a paradigm shift. Drawing parallels with the Roman strategy of panem et circenses, we argue that the Enhanced Games represent not just a spectacle but a profound redefinition of athletic values, where health risks are commodified, ethical norms are undermined, and youth are exposed to dangerous models of success. Despite claims of harm reduction and innovation, the systemic normalisation of doping threatens to erode the spirit of sport and burden public health systems with iatrogenic consequences. We call for an urgent multidisciplinary dialogue involving physicians, ethicists, neuroscientists and policymakers to assess this trend and safeguard the principles of equity, integrity and well-being in competitive performance.","PeriodicalId":16317,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medical Ethics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144957348","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

An Islamic reflection on double-effect sedation, intention and consciousness. 伊斯兰教对双效镇静、意图与意识的反思。

IF 3.4 2区哲学

Journal of Medical Ethics Pub Date : 2025-08-31 DOI: 10.1136/jme-2025-111274

Hana Abbasian

引用次数: 0

Moral responsibility for the scarcity of healthcare in Gaza. 对加沙缺乏医疗保健的道德责任。

IF 3.4 2区哲学

Journal of Medical Ethics Pub Date : 2025-08-27 DOI: 10.1136/jme-2025-111165

Jeff McMahan

{"title":"Moral responsibility for the scarcity of healthcare in Gaza.","authors":"Jeff McMahan","doi":"10.1136/jme-2025-111165","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1136/jme-2025-111165","url":null,"abstract":"In response to Arianne Shahvisi's call for medical ethicists to condemn Israel's having caused extreme scarcity of healthcare in Gaza, two critical commentaries published in this journal attributed primary moral responsibility for the scarcity to Hamas, arguing that its role in initiating the recent conflict, together with its use of 'human shields', justifies Israeli military conduct, up to and including the almost complete destruction of the civilian healthcare infrastructure. This article evaluates and rebuts those claims. First, it challenges the assertion that Hamas's having wrongly initiated the conflict absolves Israel of responsibility for the harms its military action has caused to civilians, arguing that moral responsibility is not zero-sum. Second, it argues that the claim that Hamas's actions 'void' the protections afforded to civilians and medical facilities as a matter of both morality and international humanitarian law is mistaken. The article argues, furthermore, that Israel's war has violated the just war principles of proportionality, necessity, and discrimination, particularly in the destruction of much of Gaza's healthcare delivery capacity. The article concludes that medical ethicists must hold all parties accountable for violations of ethical and humanitarian norms, particularly those that systematically undermine civilian health in wartime.","PeriodicalId":16317,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medical Ethics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-08-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144957301","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Expressivist concerns for assisted dying on request. 表现主义者对应请求协助死亡的关注。

IF 3.4 2区哲学

Journal of Medical Ethics Pub Date : 2025-08-27 DOI: 10.1136/jme-2025-110759

Jonathon VandenHombergh

{"title":"Expressivist concerns for assisted dying on request.","authors":"Jonathon VandenHombergh","doi":"10.1136/jme-2025-110759","DOIUrl":"10.1136/jme-2025-110759","url":null,"abstract":"The expressivist objection argues against the legalisation of euthanasia and/or assisted suicide (EAS), on the grounds that EAS laws express a disrespectful judgement of certain classes of people: roughly, that they are better off dead. Recently, some ethicists have argued that laws which require only an informed, competent and voluntary request for EAS would avoid the expressivist objection, since that objection depends on the further requirement of irremediable suffering. In this paper, I argue that-for better or for worse-this response fails to address the expressivist objection. This is because reasoning parallel to the original expressivist objection demonstrates that even EAS laws with an informed, competent and voluntary request as the sole requirement express a disrespectful judgement: that it is reasonable to believe that certain classes of people are better off dead. Objections to this argument depend largely on a conception of autonomy which minimises the role of motivations-specifically, motivations which we ought to recognise as reasonable. Although this conception is supported by some bioethicists, it faces challenges of its own. Until those challenges are addressed, therefore, an appeal to less demanding EAS laws does not by itself avoid the expressivist objection.","PeriodicalId":16317,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medical Ethics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-08-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12434638/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144957325","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0