Journal of invertebrate pathology最新文献

{"title":"Knockdown of Dorsal switch protein 1 Effect on Growth, Development, and survivability of Tenebrio molitor (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae)","authors":"Md. Mahi Imam Mollah","doi":"10.1016/j.jip.2025.108338","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jip.2025.108338","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Dorsal switch protein 1 (DSP1) of insects and high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) protein of vertebrates are homologous. Both HMGB1 and DSP1 act as damage-associated molecular pattern (DAMP) molecules. Previous studies reported that DSP1 plays a DAMP role in mealworm, <em>Tenebrio molitor,</em> by activating immune genes like antimicrobial peptides (AMPs), phospholipase A₂ (PLA₂), phenoloxidase (PO) and regulating nodulation. However, RNAi of <em>Tm-DSP1</em> suppresses these genes and their immune responses. While the immune role of DSP1 is established, its function in growth, development and survivability of <em>T. molitor</em> larvae is unknown. This study was designed to assess the role of DSP1 in the above-mentioned aspects. <em>Tm-DSP1</em> gene was expressed in all the developmental stages and tissues of <em>T. molitor</em> larvae. The highest expression was observed in L6 larval stage and fat body tissue. <em>Tm-DSP1</em> detection by western blotting supports its expression in <em>T. molitor</em> samples. Following bacterial challenge, DSP1 expression was upregulated in immune-related tissues, including hemocyte, fat body, and midgut. Detection of increased DSP1 in bacteria-challenged plasma ensures the release of DSP1 in plasma from the cell nucleus of immune-challenged larvae. Additionally, RNAi knockdown of <em>Tm-DSP1</em> led to reduced larval growth (body length) and development (body weight) of <em>T. molitor</em> larvae resulting in increased mortality of the larvae. These findings suggest that DSP1 regulates the growth, development, and survival of <em>T. molitor</em>. However, whether DSP1 directly plays a role in these physiological processes or whether it interrupts any other genes to achieve these effects is still unknown. Further study is required to clarify this issue.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16296,"journal":{"name":"Journal of invertebrate pathology","volume":"211 ","pages":"Article 108338"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143828862","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Transcriptome analysis of Beauveria bassiana interaction with Nicotiana benthamiana reveals signatures of N. Benthamiana growth promotion and enhanced defense responses","authors":"Yunxia Liu ,&nbsp;Xin Zhao ,&nbsp;Yongxiong Fan ,&nbsp;Pengxia Huo ,&nbsp;Shuaishuai Huang ,&nbsp;Huifang Wang ,&nbsp;Zhuoyue Lu ,&nbsp;Zhibing Luo ,&nbsp;Yongjun Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.jip.2025.108334","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jip.2025.108334","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Many entomopathogenic fungi form intimate (<em>epi</em>- and <em>endo</em>-phytic) associations with that plant that can stimulate plant growth and /or improve resistance to pathogens and insect pests. However, little is known concerning global gene networks that mediate such responses. <em>Nicotiana benthamiana</em> seedlings were artificially colonized by the entomogenous fungus, <em>Beauveria bassiana,</em> and the root tissues were examined via comparative transcriptome analyses performed versus fungal cells grown <em>in vitro</em> on dried root biomass<em>.</em> Plant hormone pathways, and genes involved in photosynthesis, immune defense response, and nutrient metabolism were triggered in roots after fungal colonization. Fungal differentially expressed genes during plant colonization included plant cell wall-degrading enzymes, and those involved in lipid metabolism, detoxification, and fungal cell wall remodeling, the latter suggesting reduction in the exposure of pathogen related molecular patterns to avoid perception by the plant immune system. Fungal metabolic genes involved in amino acid, nitrogen, sulfur and carbohydrate assimilation were activated, nutrient exchange with the plant host. Exchange was confirmed by detection of sulfur in the seedling that was increased by the fungal colonization. A set of fungal secondary metabolism-associated genes were also upregulated during the plant interaction, which might contribute to plant resistance against pathogens or/and insect pest. In addition, <em>B. bassiana</em> expressed a suite of effector/elicitor genes consistent with triggering plant growth and/or immune defense response pathways. These results revealed global gene networks active in both the plants and the fungus as a consequence of their symbiotic interaction, and provides insights into the molecular determinants and physiological responses affected.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16296,"journal":{"name":"Journal of invertebrate pathology","volume":"211 ","pages":"Article 108334"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143817610","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ultrastructure of the enlarged labial gland in the ant Camponotus japonicus associated with labial gland disease","authors":"Liangliang Zhang ,&nbsp;Chu Wang ,&nbsp;Lv Yang ,&nbsp;Jiangbin Fan ,&nbsp;Hong He ,&nbsp;Johan Billen","doi":"10.1016/j.jip.2025.108332","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jip.2025.108332","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The labial (salivary) glands of insects play a crucial role in the vectoring of pathogens. Electron microscope observations on enlarged labial gland dissected from minor workers of <em>Camponotus japonicus</em> show a concurrent infection of the labial gland with rod-shaped virus particles and bacteria. Virus particles were found within the cytoplasm, nuclei, and lumen, where they are especially numerous. An apparently multilayered epithelium and gland enlargement are prominent features of the observed condition. The cells of the diseased labial gland reservoir exhibit secretory characteristics and undergo age-related changes. The epithelial thickness reaches its peak approximately one week after emergence and declines thereafter. Similarly, the degree of basement membrane invaginations and the abundance of endoplasmic reticulum in glandular cells followed this same pattern. These observations suggested that biological associations between the labial gland and diverse microbes may be more common than previously recognized.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16296,"journal":{"name":"Journal of invertebrate pathology","volume":"211 ","pages":"Article 108332"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143838396","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Propolis can reduce Nosema ceranae infection and enhance the immune response in honey bees, without disrupting the gut microbiota","authors":"Daniela Arredondo ,&nbsp;Guillermo Añón ,&nbsp;Juan Campá ,&nbsp;Jorge Harriet ,&nbsp;Pablo Zunino ,&nbsp;Karina Antúnez","doi":"10.1016/j.jip.2025.108333","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jip.2025.108333","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Honey bees (<em>Apis mellifera</em>) play a crucial role in the environment, being essential pollinators and contributing to agricultural production and natural ecosystem diversity. However, honey bee health is threatened by multiple stressors, including infection by mites, viruses and microsporidia. To defend against invaders, these insects have evolved social and individual mechanisms, including the collection and use of propolis. In this study, we found that under laboratory conditions, the consumption of Ethanolic Extract of Propolis (EEP) reduced the infection level of the pathogen <em>Nosema ceranae</em> and increased the expression levels of immune-related genes (<em>hymenoptaecin</em> or <em>glucose oxidase</em>) in challenged bees, enhancing their immunocompetence. Moreover, it did not affect the diversity and composition of the gut microbiota. Despite these promising laboratory results, the administration of EEP to honey bee colonies under field conditions did not produce a beneficial effect on colony strength or pathogen infection levels. Future studies should be conducted to optimize the method and frequency of applications to maximize potential benefits for honey bee colony health.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16296,"journal":{"name":"Journal of invertebrate pathology","volume":"211 ","pages":"Article 108333"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143828861","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Application of Beauveria bassiana conidia to spotted lanternfly forewings causes fewer infections than abdominal applications","authors":"Ann E. Hajek ,&nbsp;Thomas A. Everest ,&nbsp;Stefan T. Jaronski","doi":"10.1016/j.jip.2025.108335","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jip.2025.108335","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Adult spotted lanternflies (<em>Lycorma delicatula</em>) were differentially susceptible to <em>Beauveria bassiana</em> when inoculated with conidia on the distal ventral abdomen versus distal forewings. More adults inoculated on the abdomens died of <em>B. bassiana</em> infections than those inoculated on the wings. Abdominal inoculants also died more quickly than wing inoculants. Due to the large dorsal forewings of these planthoppers, typically covering abdomen and thorax, we suggest that the wings can at least partially protect from dorsal sprays of an infectious Hypocreales; we hypothesize that spraying surfaces on which SLF stand could be more efficacious than spraying these insects with their bodies shielded by their wings.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16296,"journal":{"name":"Journal of invertebrate pathology","volume":"211 ","pages":"Article 108335"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143825593","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Infection of two cestode larvae, Nybelinia enterika sp. nov. and Phoreiobothrium sp. in oval squid Sepioteuthis lessoniana species complex","authors":"Mehmet Arif Zoral ,&nbsp;Zdenek Lajbner ,&nbsp;Lucia Zifcakova ,&nbsp;Shinichi Nakamura ,&nbsp;Jonathan Miller","doi":"10.1016/j.jip.2025.108329","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jip.2025.108329","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Recently, oval squid of <em>Sepioteuthis lessoniana</em> species complex has gained importance in aquaculture due to its successful breeding in semi-intensive and intensive aquaculture systems. However, there is a lack of information regarding pathogens and diseases that can affect this species, prompting the need for further research. Two cestode species, <em>Nybelinia enterika</em> sp. nov. and <em>Phoreiobothrium</em> sp., were identified as members of the Trypanorhyncha and Onchoproteocephalidea orders, respectively, using both morphological and molecular diagnostic markers in wild-caught oval squids (<em>Sepioteuthis lessoniana</em> sp.1, <em>S. lessoniana</em> sp.2, <em>S. lessoniana</em> sp.3). These cestode species were found to use the oval squids as intermediate hosts. In histopathology samples, the infected squid with <em>N. enterika</em> was surrounded by numerous hemocytes in the infected area. In the genomes of both cestode species, we identified multiple genes for enzymes involved in cephalopod tissue degradation, such as cysteine proteases including cathepsin-L, cathepsin-D, cathepsin-A, cathepsin-B, cathepsin-K, and cathepsin-S. These enzymes potentially help the parasites manipulate the squid immune system and neutralize squid hemocytes. The detection of these parasites in wild squid populations, with 100% prevalence in Okinawa, is concerning as the effect of these parasites on human consumers’ health remains unknown. However, our research demonstrated that fully cultured squid remain completely cestode parasite-free, indicating they are more likely to meet the highest standards for food safety and quality.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16296,"journal":{"name":"Journal of invertebrate pathology","volume":"211 ","pages":"Article 108329"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143852012","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Detection and characterization of white spot syndrome virus in imported blue crayfish (Procambarus alleni) from the ornamental trade","authors":"Naomi Falconnier ,&nbsp;Adrien Izquierdo ,&nbsp;Shannon Gray ,&nbsp;Nanny Wenzlow ,&nbsp;Kuttichantran Subramaniam","doi":"10.1016/j.jip.2025.108330","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jip.2025.108330","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>White spot disease, caused by the white spot syndrome virus (WSSV), is a notifiable disease of decapod crustaceans, and international trade poses risks for its spread. Here, we describe an asymptomatic mortality event in blue crayfish (<em>Procambarus alleni</em>) imported from Thailand to the USA through the ornamental trade. WSSV was confirmed with histology, in situ hybridization, and real-time PCR. Next-generation sequencing and phylogenetic analysis revealed that this WSSV isolate was genetically distinct from the USA isolate and clustered with Asian isolates. This report exemplifies the poorly documented risk of disease spread through the ornamental trade.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16296,"journal":{"name":"Journal of invertebrate pathology","volume":"211 ","pages":"Article 108330"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143807199","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Experimental infection study reveals differential susceptibilities of Penaeus monodon and Penaeus vannamei to Enterocytozoon hepatopenaei","authors":"B.Naveen Rajeshwar ,&nbsp;T.Sathish Kumar ,&nbsp;K.P. Jithendran ,&nbsp;Megha K. Bedekar ,&nbsp;H.Sanath Kumar ,&nbsp;K. Jeena ,&nbsp;Mujahidkhan A. Pathan ,&nbsp;K.V. Rajendran","doi":"10.1016/j.jip.2025.108331","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jip.2025.108331","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Enterocytozoon hepatopenaei</em> (EHP) is a significant pathogen affecting penaeid shrimp, particularly farmed whiteleg shrimp <em>Penaeus vannamei</em>, causing hepatopancreatic microsporidiosis (HPM). Although initially reported in tiger shrimp <em>P. monodon</em>, limited data exists on its current impact and pathogenic potential of EHP infection in tiger shrimp due to the shift toward farming <em>P. vannamei</em>. This study aimed to compare the susceptibility of <em>P. monodon</em> and <em>P. vannamei</em> via experimental oral EHP challenge. Challenge group shrimps were fed commercial feed mixed with minced EHP-infected hepatopancreatic tissue (1:1) containing 10⁶ copies/ng DNA for four days, while control groups received commercial pellet feed. Over 90 days, hepatopancreas and fecal samples were aseptically sampled and PCR-tested for EHP presence on days 7, 15, 30, 60, and 90 post-challenge (dpc). EHP loads, quantified using qPCR, were higher in <em>P. vannamei</em> (1.5–5.3 × 10⁵ copies/μL DNA) compared to <em>P. monodon</em> (5.6–10.3 × 10³ copies/μL DNA). Challenged <em>P. monodon</em> tested EHP-positive only in nested step SWP-PCR till 90 dpc. Further, infection was confirmed through wet mount, calcofluor white stain, histology, and <em>in situ</em> hybridization. EHP-challenged <em>P. monodon</em> had a higher survival rate (75 %) than <em>P. vannamei</em> (37.5 %). This first experimental report on EHP in <em>P. monodon</em> indicates it is less susceptible than <em>P. vannamei,</em> suggesting that the reintroduction of <em>P. monodon</em> can help deal with the EHP crisis the shrimp industry is currently going through.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16296,"journal":{"name":"Journal of invertebrate pathology","volume":"211 ","pages":"Article 108331"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143807200","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The activation of caspases in immunocompetent cells is an important infection factor of the pathogenic fungus Conidiobolus coronatus (Entomophthorales: Ancylistaceae)","authors":"Agata Kaczmarek,&nbsp;Mieczysława Irena Boguś","doi":"10.1016/j.jip.2025.108328","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jip.2025.108328","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Apoptosis is a mechanism commonly used by pathogenic fungi to inhibit the host’s immune response. One opportunistic pathogen is <em>Conidiobolus coronatus</em>, which causes fungal infection in mammals and insects. In a study, larvae of <em>Galleria mellonella</em> were exposed to the pathogen for 24 h. After this exposure, some larvae were used for hemolymph collection (F24), while others were incubated for an additional 24 h (F48). The activity of caspase-9 and caspase-3-like proteins in hemocytes was measured using a colorimetric method. The changes in caspase concentration were calculated using ELISA tests. Immunocytochemical analyses were employed to show changes in the levels of the examined proteins in both their pro- and active forms. Fluorescence microscopy was used to detect changes in cultured hemocytes and flow cytometry analysis was conducted to detect both forms of caspases in freshly collected hemocytes. To evaluate the effect of fungal infection, caspase inhibitors (Z-DEVD-FMK and Z-LEHD-FMK) were injected into the larvae, and their impact on insect development and resistance to fungal infection was determined. The exposure of larvae to the entomopathogen increased the detection levels, concentrations, and activity of both caspase-like proteins in hemocytes during fungal infection. The research has indicated that inhibition of these proteins disrupts larval development and increases resistance to infection. These results suggest that apoptosis might be an important mechanism for a pathogen to inhibit the insect immune response. Given the similarities between insects’ and mammals’ innate immune responses, the presented results may indicate a potential mechanism of fungal pathogenicity in both groups.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16296,"journal":{"name":"Journal of invertebrate pathology","volume":"211 ","pages":"Article 108328"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143785702","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fungal-bacterial interactions leading to increased insect mortality: Trichoderma xixiacum enhances the pathogenicity of Serratia marcescens in Protaetia brevitarsis larvae","authors":"Abdelaziz Mansour ,&nbsp;Taeho Jeong ,&nbsp;Duyoung Lee ,&nbsp;Jeong-Hun Song ,&nbsp;Eunsun Kim ,&nbsp;Dae-Weon Lee ,&nbsp;Mohamed Mannaa ,&nbsp;Young-Su Seo","doi":"10.1016/j.jip.2025.108327","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jip.2025.108327","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Edible insect farming presents significant potential as a sustainable solution to meet the increasing demand for protein and biowaste recycling. However, microbial contamination in rearing substrates poses a serious threat to insect populations. This study investigates the pathogenicity of <em>Serratia marcescens</em> YSMM-S1, isolated from dead <em>Protaetia brevitarsis</em> larvae, and explores its interaction with <em>Trichoderma xixiacum</em>, a fungus co-isolated from the same rearing environment. The identified <em>S. marcescens</em> YSMM-S1 was confirmed as a highly virulent strain, causing 100 % larval mortality within 24 h. In addition, <em>T. xixiacum</em> identified via extensive molecular and morphological characterization, is reported here for the first time in Korea. Co-cultivation and mycophagy assays revealed a significant increase in <em>S. marcescens</em> proliferation in the presence of <em>T. xixiacum</em>, likely through fungal mycelium consumption. Moreover, preinoculation with <em>T. xixiacum</em> in oak-fermented sawdust significantly enhanced <em>S. marcescens</em> population growth and colonization. <em>In vivo</em> assays further demonstrated that co-inoculation of the substrate with both microorganisms resulted in significantly higher larval mortality compared to single inoculations. This study provides novel insights into the complex microbial dynamics in insect-rearing systems, emphasizing the role of <em>T. xixiacum</em> in facilitating bacterial pathogenicity. The findings highlight the need for careful microbial management to prevent outbreaks in mass-rearing environments. This work also contributes to the understanding of fungal-bacterial interactions in insect farming and offers new perspectives on the ecological roles of <em>Trichoderma</em> species in rearing substrates.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16296,"journal":{"name":"Journal of invertebrate pathology","volume":"211 ","pages":"Article 108327"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143785703","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}