Journal of invertebrate pathology最新文献

{"title":"Harnessing nature's arsenal: Ochrobactrum bacteria metabolites in the battle against root- knot nematode – Insights from in vitro and molecular docking studies","authors":"V.P Krithika ,&nbsp;Ganeshan Shandeep ,&nbsp;Anita Bellie ,&nbsp;J. Gulsar Banu ,&nbsp;Jayakanthan Mannu ,&nbsp;M. Suganthy ,&nbsp;V. Gomathi ,&nbsp;D. Uma ,&nbsp;Prasanthrajan Mohan","doi":"10.1016/j.jip.2024.108114","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jip.2024.108114","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Agricultural Productivity and plant health are threatened by the root-knot nematode. The use of biocontrol agents reduces the need for chemical nematicides and improves the general health of agricultural ecosystems by offering a more environmentally friendly and sustainable method of managing nematode infestations. Plant-parasitic nematodes can be efficiently managed with the use of entomopathogenic nematodes (EPNs), which are widely used biocontrol agents. This study focused on the nematicidal activity of the secondary metabolites present in the bacteria <em>Ochrobactrum</em> sp. identified in the EPN, <em>Heterorhabditis</em> <em>indica</em> against Root-Knot Nematode (<em>Meloidogyne incognita</em>). Its effect on egg hatching and survival of juveniles of root- knot nematode (RKN) was examined. The ethyl acetate component of the cell-free culture (CFC) filtrate of the <em>Ochrobactrum</em> sp. bacteria was tested at four different concentrations (25 %, 50 %, 75 % and 100 %) along with broth and distilled water as control. The bioactive compounds of <em>Ochrobactrum</em> sp. bacteria showed the highest suppression of <em>M. incognita</em> egg hatching (100 %) and juvenile mortality (100 %) at 100 % concentration within 24 h of incubation. In this study, unique metabolite compounds were identified through the Gas Chromatography- Mass Spectrometry (GC–MS) analysis, which were found to have anti- nematicidal activity. In light of this, molecular docking studies were conducted to determine the impact of biomolecules from <em>Ochrobactrum</em> sp. using significant proteins of <em>M. incognita</em>, such as calreticulin, sterol carrier protein 2, flavin-containing monooxygenase, pectate lyase, candidate secreted effector, oesophageal gland cell secretory protein and venom allergen-like protein. The results also showed that the biomolecules from <em>Ochrobactrum</em> sp. had a significant inhibitory effect on the different protein targets of <em>M. incognita</em>. 3-Epimacronine and Heraclenin were found to inhibit most of the chosen target protein. Among the targets, the docking analysis revealed that Heraclenin exhibited the highest binding affinity of −8.6 Kcal/mol with the target flavin- containing monooxygenase. Further, the <em>in vitro</em> evaluation of 3- Epimacronine confirmed their nematicidal activity against <em>M. incognita</em> at different concentrations. In light of this, the present study has raised awareness of the unique biomolecules of the bacterial symbiont <em>Ochrobactrum</em> sp. isolated from <em>H. indica</em> that have nematicidal properties.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":16296,"journal":{"name":"Journal of invertebrate pathology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2024-04-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140607057","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Testing a health baseline during a bivalve mollusc mortality event: An investigation into die-offs of pipi Paphies australis from Aotearoa New Zealand","authors":"Joanne Howells ,&nbsp;Lisa Maria ,&nbsp;Taryn Shirkey ,&nbsp;Ari Carrington ,&nbsp;Henry S. Lane","doi":"10.1016/j.jip.2024.108110","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jip.2024.108110","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Disease is a major threat to the economic, ecological and cultural services provided by wild bivalve populations. Over the past decade anecdotal reports on declining health of native bivalve populations around Aotearoa New Zealand have been supported by increasing observations of mass die-offs. Causes of declining health and mass die-offs of wild bivalves are not clear and could be due to a number of interactive and cumulative factors, including declining water quality, climate change, or disease. Pipi/kōkota (<em>Paphies australis</em>) within the Whangārei area (northern New Zealand) have suffered repeated die-offs and declining health since at least 2009. Baseline health data for wild native bivalve populations are scarce making it difficult to identify changes in pathogen infection prevalence and intensity and infer their importance to host health. This research aimed to examine and document the health of pipi in Whangārei with the objective of identifying factors that may contribute to their ill health and lack of population recovery. We sampled pipi from four sites within Whangārei, eight times across two years (total <em>n</em> = 640) to establish a health baseline using histopathology, general bacteriology, and qPCR for the intracellular bacteria <em>Endozoicomonas</em> spp. Three pipi mass die-offs occurred during the sampling window that were opportunistically sampled to compare against the health baseline established using healthy pipi. An increase in bacterial growth and a decrease in the abundance of <em>Endozoicomonas</em> spp. in mortality pipi was observed compared with the health baseline. Establishing a health baseline for pipi from Whangārei provided a benchmark to assess changes in a pipi population experiencing high mortality. Such data can help identify factors contributing to die-offs and to help inform what mitigation, if any, is possible in wild shellfish populations.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":16296,"journal":{"name":"Journal of invertebrate pathology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2024-04-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140641389","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The role of MrUbp4, a deubiquitinase, in conidial yield, thermotolerance, and virulence in Metarhizium robertsii","authors":"Hongzhi Zhang ,&nbsp;Hanyuan Chen ,&nbsp;Jianfeng Zhang ,&nbsp;Kui Wang ,&nbsp;Bo Huang ,&nbsp;Zhangxun Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.jip.2024.108111","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jip.2024.108111","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Ubiquitin-specific proteases (UBPs), the largest subfamily of deubiquitinating enzymes, regulate ubiquitin homeostasis and play diverse roles in eukaryotes. Ubp4 is essential for the growth, development, and pathogenicity of various fungal pathogens. However, its functions in the growth, stress responses, and virulence of entomopathogenic fungi remain unclear. In this study, we elucidated the role of the homolog of Ubp4, MrUbp4, in the entomopathogenic fungus <em>Metarhizium robertsii</em>. Deletion of MrUbp4 led to a notable increase in ubiquitination levels, demonstrating the involvement of MrUbp4 in protein deubiquitination. Furthermore, the Δ<em>MrUbp4</em> mutant displayed a significant reduction in conidial yield, underscoring the pivotal role of MrUbp4 in conidiation. Additionally, the mutant exhibited heightened resistance to conidial heat treatment, emphasizing the role of MrUbp4 in thermotolerance. Notably, insect bioassays unveiled a substantial impairment in the virulence of the Δ<em>MrUbp4</em> mutant. This was accompanied by a notable decrease in cuticle penetration ability and appressorium formation upon further analysis. In summary, our findings highlight the essential role of MrUbp4 in regulating the conidial yield, thermotolerance, and contributions to the virulence of <em>M. robertsii</em>.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":16296,"journal":{"name":"Journal of invertebrate pathology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2024-04-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140619066","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Morphological and molecular characterization of brown-banded broodsacs and metacercariae of Leucochloridium (Trematoda: Leucochloridiidae) parasitizing the semi-slug Omalonyx unguis (Succineidae) in Argentina","authors":"María V. Fernández ,&nbsp;Ariel A. Beltramino ,&nbsp;Roberto E. Vogler ,&nbsp;Monika I. Hamann","doi":"10.1016/j.jip.2024.108112","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jip.2024.108112","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Trematodes of the genus <em>Leucochloridium</em> exhibit an unusual transmission strategy among mollusks (intermediate host). The fully developed sporocyst, housing encysted metacercariae, displays vivid coloration and rhythmic activity in the snail's tentacle, mimicking insect larvae. These strategies attract insectivorous birds, their final hosts, thereby increasing the chances of completing their life cycle. In South America, the reports of adults and larval stages of <em>Leucochloridium</em> are scarce. Brown-banded broodsac of <em>Leucochloridium</em> sp. were obtained from <em>Omalonyx unguis</em> collected in a shallow lake from Corrientes Province, Argentina. Here, we morphologically characterized the larval stages (broodsac and metacercaria), identified the parasite through DNA sequences from nuclear <em>28S-rRNA</em> (<em>28S</em>) and the mitochondrial cytochrome <em>c</em> oxidase I (<em>COI</em>) genes, and explored its evolutionary affinities with the <em>Leucochloridium</em> species available in GenBank. The present broodsac displays brown bands, with a yellowish background in the first two-thirds and yellowish-white in the last third. Based on morphological comparisons, the broodsac and metacercaria described in this study could not be conclusively categorized under any known South American species of <em>Leucochloridium</em>. In relation to the phylogenetic reconstructions, <em>Leucochloridium</em> sp. consistently clustered with <em>L. perturbatum</em>, and species delimitation analyses resulted in recognized <em>Leucochloridium</em> sp. from Argentina as a distinct species. The DNA sequences obtained in this study constitute the first genetic data generated for sporocyst broodsacs in South America. Future studies, incorporating morphology, genetic, and biological data, will be essential for both species identification and the elucidation of leucochloridiid diversity in the region.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":16296,"journal":{"name":"Journal of invertebrate pathology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2024-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140632654","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Perkinsus spp. Occurrence in South America: A review","authors":"Patricia Mirella da Silva ,&nbsp;Fernando Ramos Queiroga ,&nbsp;Natanael Dantas Farias ,&nbsp;Rogério Tubino Vianna ,&nbsp;Rachel Costa Sabry","doi":"10.1016/j.jip.2024.108108","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jip.2024.108108","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Marine mollusk production is increasing worldwide, and this trend is being evidenced in South American countries, where several species of bivalves are produced, exploited, and traded. This activity brings benefits either for the ecosystem, as it is a less impactful and polluting than other aquaculture practices, and to coastal human communities, as it provides food and income. However, emergence of outbreaks by pathogens is a major concern and can put an entire developing sector at risk. Perkinsosis is a disease caused by Perkinsus spp. protozoans that affect mollusks worldwide. In this review we provide information on Perkinsus spp. among bivalves from South America. Infections by these parasites were only reported to date among coastal Atlantic bivalves of Argentina, Uruguay, and Brazil. The vast majority of cases and studies are reported from Brazil. We comprehensively review those results here. Finally, we suggest some considerations for future investigations that may expand our knowledge of these parasites.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":16296,"journal":{"name":"Journal of invertebrate pathology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2024-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140622172","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Analysis of X-ray irradiation effects on the mortality values and hemolymph immune cell composition of Apis mellifera and its parasite, Varroa destructor","authors":"Tamás Sipos ,&nbsp;Csaba Glavák ,&nbsp;Janka Turbók ,&nbsp;Katalin Somfalvi-Tóth ,&nbsp;Tamás Donkó ,&nbsp;Sándor Keszthelyi","doi":"10.1016/j.jip.2024.108109","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jip.2024.108109","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><em>Varroa destructor</em> is one of the most destructive enemies of the honey bee, <em>Apis mellifera</em> all around the world<em>.</em> Several control methods are known to control <em>V. destructor</em>, but the efficacy of several alternative control methods remains unexplored. Irradiation can be one of these unknown solutions but before practical application, the effectiveness, and the physiological effects of ionizing radiation on the host and the parasite are waiting to be tested. Therefore, the objective of our study was to investigate the effects of different doses (15, 50, 100, and 150 Gy) of high-energy X-ray irradiation through mortality rates and hemocyte composition changes in <em>A. mellifera</em> workers and record the mortality rates of the parasite. The mortality rate was recorded during short-term (12, 24, and 48 h) and long-term periods (3, 6, 12, 18, and 24d).</p><p>The sensitivity of the host and the parasite in case of the higher doses of radiation tested (50, 100, and 150 Gy) been demonstrated by total mortality of the host and 90 % of its parasite has been observed on the 18th day after the irradiation. <em>V. destructor</em> showed higher sensitivity (1.52-times higher than the adult honey bee workers) at the lowest dose (15 Gy). <em>A. mellifera</em> hemocytes were influenced significantly by radiation dosage and the elapsed time after treatment. The higher radiation doses increased plasmatocyte numbers in parallel with the decrease in prohemocyte numbers. On the contrary, the numbers of granulocytes and oencoytes increased in the treated samples, but the putative effects of the different dosages on the recorded number of these hemocyte types could not be statistically proven. In summary, based on the outcome of our study X-ray irradiation can be deemed an effective tool for controlling phoretic <em>V. destructor</em>. However, further research is needed to understand the physiological response of the affected organisms.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":16296,"journal":{"name":"Journal of invertebrate pathology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2024-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0022201124000521/pdfft?md5=59d2e93a78adea90518f414f03d17db2&pid=1-s2.0-S0022201124000521-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140558401","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Thermal ecology shapes disease outcomes of entomopathogenic fungi infecting warm-adapted insects","authors":"Anna R. Slowik ,&nbsp;Helen Hesketh ,&nbsp;Steven M. Sait ,&nbsp;Henrik H. De Fine Licht","doi":"10.1016/j.jip.2024.108106","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jip.2024.108106","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The thermal environment is a critical determinant of outcomes in host-pathogen interactions, yet the complexities of this relationship remain underexplored in many ecological systems. We examined the Thermal Mismatch Hypothesis (TMH) by measuring phenotypic variation in individual thermal performance profiles using a model system of two species of entomopathogenic fungi (EPF) that differ in their ecological niche, <em>Metarhizium brunneum</em> and <em>M. flavoviride</em>, and a warm-adapted model host, the mealworm <em>Tenebrio molitor</em>. We conducted experiments across ecologically relevant temperatures to determine the thermal performance curves for growth and virulence, measured as % survival, identify critical thresholds for these measures, and elucidate interactive host-pathogen effects. Both EPF species and the host exhibited a shared growth optima at 28 °C, while the host’s growth response was moderated in sublethal pathogen infections that depended on fungus identity and temperature. However, variances in virulence patterns were different between pathogens. The fungus <em>M. brunneum</em> exhibited a broader optimal temperature range (23–28 °C) for virulence than <em>M. flavoviride</em>, which displayed a multiphasic virulence-temperature relationship with distinct peaks at 18 and 28 °C. Contrary to predictions of the TMH, both EPF displayed peak virulence at the host's optimal temperature (28 °C). The thermal profile for <em>M. brunneum</em> aligned more closely with that of <em>T. molitor</em> than that for <em>M. flavoviride</em>. Moreover, the individual thermal profile of <em>M. flavoviride</em> closely paralleled its virulence thermal profile, whereas the virulence thermal profile of <em>M. brunneum</em> did not track with its individual thermal performance. This suggests an indirect, midrange (23 °C) effect, where <em>M. brunneum</em> virulence exceeded growth. These findings suggest that the evolutionary histories and ecological adaptations of these EPF species have produced distinct thermal niches during the host interaction. This study contributes to our understanding of thermal ecology in host-pathogen interactions, underpinning the ecological and evolutionary factors that shape infection outcomes in entomopathogenic fungi. The study has ecological implications for insect population dynamics in the face of a changing climate, as well as practically for the use of these organisms in biological control.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":16296,"journal":{"name":"Journal of invertebrate pathology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2024-04-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0022201124000491/pdfft?md5=8fe0b7ee2bdf7324d1144b8db5c7fd53&pid=1-s2.0-S0022201124000491-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140619065","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exotic myxozoan parasites establish complex life cycles in farm pond aquaculture","authors":"Barbara Salti ,&nbsp;Stephen D. Atkinson ,&nbsp;Vera Brekhman ,&nbsp;Margarita Smirnov ,&nbsp;Tamar Lotan","doi":"10.1016/j.jip.2024.108105","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jip.2024.108105","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Myxozoans are obligate parasites with complex life cycles, typically infecting fish and annelids. Here, we examined annelids from fish farm pond sediments in the Beit Shean Valley, in the Syrian-African Rift Valley, Israel, for myxozoan infections. We examined 1486 oligochaetes, and found 74 (5 %) were infected with actinospore stages. We used mitochondrial 16S sequencing to infer identity of 25 infected annelids as species of <em>Potamothrix</em>, <em>Psammoryctides</em>, <em>Tubifex</em> and <em>Dero</em>. We identified 7 myxozoan types from collective groups Neoactinomyxum and Sphaeractinomyxon, and characterized them by small subunit ribosomal DNA sequencing. The Neoactinomyxum type was genetically most similar (∼93 %) to cyprinid fish-infecting <em>Myxobolus</em> spp. The six Sphaeractinomyxon types were genetically similar (93–100 %) to Mugilid-infecting <em>Myxobolus</em> spp.; with one being the previously unknown actinospore stage of a myxospore that infects mullet from aquaculture from the Israeli coast of the Mediterranean Sea. As the farm pond system is artificial and geographically isolated from the Mediterranean, the presence of at least seven myxozoans in their annelid hosts demonstrates introduction and establishment of these parasites in a novel, brackish environment.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":16296,"journal":{"name":"Journal of invertebrate pathology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2024-04-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140551736","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Entomophthoralean and hypocrealean fungal pathogens of the sugarcane aphid, Melanaphis sacchari (Hemiptera: Aphididae), on sorghum in Georgia","authors":"Louela A. Castrillo ,&nbsp;Karen Harris-Shultz","doi":"10.1016/j.jip.2024.108107","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jip.2024.108107","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The sugarcane aphid, <em>Melanaphis sacchari,</em> is a widely distributed insect that attacks grasses in different genera including <em>Miscanthus, Saccharum</em>, and <em>Sorghum</em>. The invasive aphid superclone was first discovered in the U.S. attacking grain sorghum in Texas in 2013. Since then, it has been found in at least 25 states including Georgia. We conducted a survey of naturally occurring fungal pathogens of sugarcane aphids on five farms in Georgia, and identified a hypocrealean fungus, <em>Akanthomyces dipterigenus</em>, and two entomophthoralean fungi, <em>Neoconidiobolus</em> spp. From 2018 to 2020, fungal activity differed across farms but at one farm both major fungal species<em>, A. dipterigenus</em> and <em>N. thromboides,</em> were found each of the 3 years infecting sugarcane aphids, attacking adults, both alatae and apterae, and nymphs.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":16296,"journal":{"name":"Journal of invertebrate pathology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2024-04-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140619067","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Microbiome changes in Akanthomyces attenuatus JEF-147-infected two-spotted spider mites","authors":"Gahyeon Song ,&nbsp;Donghyun Shin ,&nbsp;Jae Su Kim","doi":"10.1016/j.jip.2024.108102","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jip.2024.108102","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The two-spotted spider mite (<em>Tetranychus urticae</em> Koch) is an agriculturally serious polyphagous pest that has acquired strong resistance against acaricides because of its short life cycle and continuous exposure to acaricides. As an alternative, mite-pathogenic fungi with different modes of action could be used to control the mites. The spider mite has symbiotic microorganisms that could be involved in the physiological and ecological adaptations to biotic stresses. In this study, mite-pathogenic fungi were used to control female adults, and the microbiomes changes in the fungus-infected mites were analyzed. The acaricidal activity of 77 fungal isolates was tested, and <em>Akanthomyces attenuatus</em> JEF-147 exhibited the highest acaricidal activity. Subsequently a dose–response assay and morphological characterization was undertaken For microbiome analysis in female adults infected with <em>A. attenuatus</em> JEF-147, 16S rDNA and ITS1 were sequenced using Illumina Miseq. Infected mite showed a higher Shannon index in bacterial diversity but lower index in fungal diversity. In beta diversity using principal component analysis, JEF-147-treated mites were significantly different from non-treated controls in both bacteria and fungi. Particularly in bacterial abundance, arthropod defense-related <em>Rickettsia</em> increased, but arthropod reproduction-associated <em>Wolbachia</em> decreased. The change in major bacterial abundance in the infected mites could be explained by a trade-off between reproduction and immunity against the early stage of fungal attack. In fungal abundance, <em>Akanthomyces</em> showed up as expected. Foremost, this work reports microbiome changes in a fungus-infected mite and suggests a possible trade-off in mites against fungal pathogens. Future studies will focus on gene-based investigations related to this topic.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":16296,"journal":{"name":"Journal of invertebrate pathology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2024-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140549104","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}