Journal of invertebrate pathology最新文献

{"title":"The effects of queen mandibular pheromone on Nosema (Vairimorpha) ceranae infections in caged honey bees","authors":"Wei-Fone Huang ,&nbsp;Ama Safo-Mensa ,&nbsp;Evan Palmer-Young ,&nbsp;Jay D. Evans ,&nbsp;Yanping Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.jip.2024.108167","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jip.2024.108167","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Honey bees utilize queen mandibular pheromone (QMP) for maintaining social hierarchy and colony development. In controlled cage studies, synthetic QMP is often introduced to mimic natural conditions. However, questions have arisen about the effects of QMP on nosema disease studies. This short report identifies significant early-stage suppression effects of QMP on <em>Nosema</em> (<em>Vairimorpha</em>) <em>ceranae</em> infections. QMP was found to significantly lower infection rates below the reported infectious dose for 50 % infectivity (ID50) and to slow disease development in a dose-independent manner. These effects diminished at doses exceeding ID100. We recommend that studies investigating treatment effects using caged bees avoid QMP to ensure unambiguous results. Additionally, employing multiple infectious doses with shorter incubation times would be useful for evaluating other treatments that may have subtle effects. Furthermore, our findings support previous field studies suggesting that queen replacement reduces nosema disease at levels similar to treatment with fumagillin.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":16296,"journal":{"name":"Journal of invertebrate pathology","volume":"206 ","pages":"Article 108167"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2024-07-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141734367","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Three picorna-like viruses found associated with the spider mite, Tetranychus truncatus (Acari: Tetranychidae)","authors":"Thaís Danielle Duarte Santana,&nbsp;Thiago Magalhães Rodrigues,&nbsp;Lucas de Araujo Andrade,&nbsp;Ethiane R. Santos,&nbsp;Daniel M.P. Ardisson-Araújo","doi":"10.1016/j.jip.2024.108169","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jip.2024.108169","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Herbivorous arthropods, such as mites and insects, host a variety of microorganisms that significantly influence their ecology and evolution. While insect viruses have been extensively studied, our understanding of the diversity and composition of mite viromes and the interactions with mite hosts remains limited. The Asian spider mite, <em>Tetranychus truncatus</em> Ehara (Acari: Tetranychidae), a major agricultural pest, has not yet been reported to harbor any viruses. Here, using publicly available RNA-Seq data, we identified and characterized three picorna-like viruses associated with <em>T. truncatus</em>: Tetranychus truncatus-associated iflavirus 1 (TtAIV-1), Tetranychus truncatus-associated picorna-like virus 1 (TtAV-1), and Tetranychus truncatus-associated picorna-like virus 2 (TtAV-2). TtAIV-1 has a typical <em>Iflaviridae</em> genome structure with a single ORF, representing the first iflavirus associated with the <em>Tetranychus</em> genus. TtAV-1 and TtAV-2 exhibit bicistronic arrangements similar to dicistroviruses and other picorna-like viruses, with complex secondary structures in their non-coding regions. Phylogenetic analysis places TtAIV-1 within <em>Iflaviridae</em>, possibly as a new species, while TtAV-1 and TtAV-2 form distinct clades within unclassified picorna-like viruses, suggesting new families within <em>Picornavirales</em>. We analyzed <em>in silico</em> the presence and abundance of these viruses in <em>T. truncatus</em> across four bioproject SRAs, mostly finding them co-associated, with viral reads reaching up to 30% of total reads. Their presence and abundance varied by mite treatment and origin, with no significant impact from <em>Wolbachia</em> infection or abamectin exposure, although TtAV-2 was absent in abamectin-treated mites. Temperature influenced virus abundance, and variations were observed among Chinese mite populations based on geography and host plant association. Our findings offer insights into picorna-like virus diversity and dynamics in <em>T. truncatus</em>, revealing potential roles in mite biology and suggesting applications for mite population control, thereby enhancing agricultural productivity and food security.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":16296,"journal":{"name":"Journal of invertebrate pathology","volume":"206 ","pages":"Article 108169"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2024-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141633702","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Differential inducibility of transmembrane peptidoglycan recognition proteins (PGRPs) by bacterial challenges in the earthworm, Eisenia andrei","authors":"Beom Jun Park ,&nbsp;Yoo Bin Yoon ,&nbsp;Soon Cheol Park ,&nbsp;Dong Ho Lee ,&nbsp;David Chung ,&nbsp;Hee-Jin Kwak ,&nbsp;Jung-Woong Kim ,&nbsp;Sung–Jin Cho","doi":"10.1016/j.jip.2024.108166","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jip.2024.108166","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Peptidoglycan recognition proteins (PGRPs) and Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are highly conserved pattern recognition receptors (PRRs). Earthworms possess genes encoding TLRs that specifically respond to Gram-positive bacteria. In addition, several PGRPs have been recently identified, which are predicted to exhibit amidase activity but lack receptor function. In lophotrochozoans, a membrane-bound PRR responsible for detecting Gram-negative bacteria remains unidentified. This study reveals several novel transmembrane peptidoglycan recognition proteins (<em>Ean-PGRPLs</em>) in earthworms, whose mRNA expression increases in response to Gram-negative but not Gram-positive bacteria. This indicates that Ean-PGRPLs may serve as a PRR associated with intracellular signaling for Gram-negative bacteria.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":16296,"journal":{"name":"Journal of invertebrate pathology","volume":"206 ","pages":"Article 108166"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2024-07-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141616681","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Occurrence of Nosema ceranae, Ascosphaera apis and trypanosomatids in Vespa orientalis linneus 1771","authors":"Karen Power ,&nbsp;Giovanni Cilia ,&nbsp;Ernesto Ragusa ,&nbsp;Roberto Rizzo ,&nbsp;Laura Bortolotti ,&nbsp;Paola Maiolino","doi":"10.1016/j.jip.2024.108168","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jip.2024.108168","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><em>Vespa orientalis</em> is spreading across the Italian and European territories leading to new interactions among species, which could lead to the transmission of pathogens between species. Detection of honey bee viruses in <em>V. orientalis</em> has already been revealed in both adults and larvae, while no information is available regarding parasitic occurrence. Sixty adult hornets collected across apiaries in the South of Italy were subjected to cytological, histopathological and biomolecular examination to evaluate the occurrence of <em>Nosema ceranae</em>, <em>Ascosphaera apis</em>, <em>Lotmaria passim, Crithidia mellificae,</em> and <em>Crithidia bombi.</em></p><p>Cytological examination revealed the presence of <em>Nosema</em> spores in 38.33% of individuals while histopathological analysis showed the presence of L. passim-like elements in the rectum of two examined specimens and the presence of fungal hyphae in the small intestine of another hornet. Biomolecular investigation revealed that <em>N. ceranae</em> was the most prevalent pathogen (50.0%), followed by <em>A. apis (</em>6.66%)<em>, L. passim</em> (6.66%) and <em>C. bombi</em> (6.0%).</p></div>","PeriodicalId":16296,"journal":{"name":"Journal of invertebrate pathology","volume":"206 ","pages":"Article 108168"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2024-07-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0022201124001113/pdfft?md5=08729e845a4cffb91a17330e631fa069&pid=1-s2.0-S0022201124001113-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141616682","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Octanoic acid kills Lucilia sericata (Diptera: Calliphoridae) by affecting two major defence systems: cuticular free fatty acids and immunocompetent cells","authors":"Agata Kaczmarek ,&nbsp;Anna Katarzyna Wrońska ,&nbsp;Mieczysława Irena Boguś","doi":"10.1016/j.jip.2024.108165","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jip.2024.108165","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This work examines the insecticidal activity of octanoic acid (C8:0), a short-chain fatty acid detected in entomopathogenic fungus – <em>Conidiobolus coronatus</em> medium, against <em>Lucilia sericata</em> larvae and adults. The LD50 value was calculated as 3.04±0.26 µg/mg (3040 mg/kg) of insect body mass, which places the compound in category 5 of acute toxicity (slightly hazardous). The presented research also describes its probable mechanism, with a particular focus on changes in two main insect defense mechanisms: (1) the composition of the cuticle (GC–MS analysis) and (2) immunocompetent cells (microscopic analysis of cultured hemocytes). More precisely, octanoic acid application resulted in changes in cuticular free fatty acid (FFA) profiles in both adults and larvae; generally, treatment increased short-chain FFAs, and a decrease of middle- and long-chain FFAs. Both <em>in vivo</em> and <em>in vitro</em> applications of octanoic acid resulted in vacuolisation, disintegration, and destruction of nets formed by plasmatocytes. As the compound has also previously been found to be toxic against <em>Galleria mellonella</em>, it appears to have lethal potential against insects in both the Orders Diptera and Lepidoptera, indicating it may have strong entomopathogenic potential. It is worth noting that octanoic acid is approved as a food additive with well-documented insecticidal activity, and hence may be a valuable component in the design of new insecticides that are safe for both humans and the environment.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":16296,"journal":{"name":"Journal of invertebrate pathology","volume":"206 ","pages":"Article 108165"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2024-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141580000","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bioactivity responses to changes in mucus-associated bacterial composition between healthy and bleached Porites lobata corals","authors":"Van Ngoc Bui ,&nbsp;Thi Phuong Thao Nguyen ,&nbsp;Huy Duong Nguyen ,&nbsp;Quyet Tien Phi ,&nbsp;Trung Nam Nguyen ,&nbsp;Hoang Ha Chu","doi":"10.1016/j.jip.2024.108164","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jip.2024.108164","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This study aims to investigate how bioactivities of the coral surface mucus layer (SML) respond to changes in mucus-associated bacterial communities between bleached and healthy <em>Porites lobata</em> corals in Nha Trang Bay, Vietnam. The findings suggested that significant shifts in the mucus-associated bacterial communities were related to changes in coral health states from bleached to healthy <em>P. lobata</em> colonies (<em>p</em> &lt; 0.05), while bacterial compositions were not significantly different across seasons and locations (<em>p</em> &gt; 0.05). Of which 8 genera, <em>Shewanella</em>, <em>Fusibacter</em>, <em>Halodesulfovibrio</em>, <em>Marinifilum</em>, <em>Endozoicomonas</em>, <em>Litoribacillus</em>, <em>Algicola,</em> and <em>Vibrio</em> were present only in the SML of bleached coral while absent in the SML of the healthy one. As compared with the bleached SML, the healthy SML demonstrated stronger antibacterial activity against a coral bleaching pathogen, <em>V. coralliilyticus</em>, higher antitumor activity against HCT116 cell accompanied with increased induction of cleaved PARP and accelerated cell nucleic apoptosis and cycle arrest at S and G2/M phases exhibiting several typical characteristics, cell shrinkage, lost cell contact, and apoptotic body formation. Moreover, putative compounds detected at 280 nm in the healthy SML were obviously higher than those in the bleached one, probably they could be bioactive molecules responsible for competitively exclusion of pathogens, <em>Algicola</em> and <em>Vibrio</em>, from the healthy SML.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":16296,"journal":{"name":"Journal of invertebrate pathology","volume":"206 ","pages":"Article 108164"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141498220","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The sky is not the limit: Successful foliar application of Steinernema spp. entomopathogenic nematodes to control Lepidopteran caterpillars","authors":"Kay Moisan ,&nbsp;Olga Kostenko ,&nbsp;Magda Galeano ,&nbsp;Roxina Soler ,&nbsp;Sjoerd van der Ent ,&nbsp;Ivan Hiltpold","doi":"10.1016/j.jip.2024.108163","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jip.2024.108163","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Entomopathogenic nematodes (EPNs) are ubiquitous soil-thriving organisms that use chemical cues to seek and infect soil-dwelling arthropods, yielding various levels of biological control. Going beyond soil application, scientists and practitioners started exploring the option of applying EPNs onto the foliage of crops in attempts to manage leaf-dwelling insect pests as well. Despite some success, particularly with protective formulations, it remains uncertain whether EPNs could indeed survive the phyllospheric environment, and successfully control foliar insect pests. In this context, we tested the potential of commercially produced <em>Steinernema feltiae</em> and <em>S. carpocapsae</em>, two of the most commonly used EPNs in the field of biological control, in controlling Lepidopteran foliar pests of economic importance, <em>i.e. Tuta absoluta</em> and <em>Spodoptera</em> spp<em>.</em> caterpillars as models<em>.</em> We first tested the survival and efficacy of both EPN species against the Lepidopteran caterpillars when applied onto tomato, sweet pepper and lettuce leaves, under controlled conditions and in commercial greenhouse conditions, respectively. Subsequently, we explored the behavioural responses of the EPNs to environmental cues typically encountered in the phyllosphere<em>,</em> and analysed plant volatile organic compounds (VOCs). Our results show that both <em>S. feltiae</em> and <em>S. carpocapsae</em> successfully survived and infected the foliar caterpillars, reaching similar level of control to a standard chemical pesticide in commercial practices. Remarkably, both EPN species survived and remained effective up to four days in the phyllosphere, and needed only a few hours to successfully penetrate the caterpillars. Interestingly, <em>S. feltiae</em> was attracted to VOCs from tomato plants, and tended to prefer those from caterpillar-induced plants, suggesting that the nematodes may actively forage toward its host, although it has never been exposed to leaf-borne volatiles during its evolution. The present study shows the high potential of steinernematids in managing major foliar pests in greenhouses and in becoming a key player in foliar biological control. In particular, the discovery that EPNs use foliar VOCs to locate caterpillar hosts opens up new opportunities in terms of application techniques and affordable effective doses.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":16296,"journal":{"name":"Journal of invertebrate pathology","volume":"206 ","pages":"Article 108163"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2024-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141492281","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Decapod iridescent virus 1 (DIV1) 168L can target cuticle protein 8 from Litopenaeus vannamei","authors":"Qin Zheng ,&nbsp;Huan-huan Rao ,&nbsp;Fu-Rong Zhao,&nbsp;Xiao-Juan Chen,&nbsp;Wei Wang,&nbsp;Jian-Ming Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.jip.2024.108162","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jip.2024.108162","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Decapod iridescent virus 1 (DIV1) stands as a significant pathogen affecting crustaceans, posing a grave threat to the shrimp industries in aquaculture dependent nations. Within the <em>Iridoviridae</em> family, the conserved envelope protein DIV1-168L plays a pivotal role in virion entry. Nonetheless, the host factors that interact with 168L remain unidentified. To address this gap, we established a cDNA library derived from <em>Litopenaeus vannamei</em> gill tissue and conducted yeast two-hybrid screening to identify host factors that interact with 168L. Additionally, we performed co-immunoprecipitation assays to verify the interaction between cuticle protein 8 (CP8) and 168L. Expression pattern analysis revealed the presence of CP8 transcripts in the gill and epidermis. Furthermore, immunohistochemistry results demonstrated the expression of CP8 in gill cells and its localization in the gill filament epithelium. Fluorescence analysis indicated that full-length CP8 colocalized with 168L in the cytoplasm of Sf9 cells. Removal of the signal peptide from the <em>N</em>-terminal of CP8 eliminated its concentration in the cytoplasm. Additionally, CP8 expression was significantly inhibited during DIV1 infection. Therefore, our research contributes to a better understanding of the entry mechanism of iridovirids.</p><p>The GenBank accession number for the DIV1 sequence is MF197913.1.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":16296,"journal":{"name":"Journal of invertebrate pathology","volume":"206 ","pages":"Article 108162"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2024-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141468661","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mass mortality of Cornu aspersum in Italian snail farms: A histopathological survey","authors":"Karen Power ,&nbsp;Rebecca Leandri ,&nbsp;Angelo Fierro ,&nbsp;Tiziana Zottola ,&nbsp;Gionata De Vico","doi":"10.1016/j.jip.2024.108160","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jip.2024.108160","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The production demand of edible snails in the Mediterranean area is very high and the attention to snail borne diseases is increasing. Following mass mortality events, we have analyzed 240 samples of <em>Cornu aspersum</em> collected from farms across Italy. Anatomopathological examination showed the presence of alterations of the gastro-intestinal apparatus and of the digestive gland, while histopathological examination revealed the presence of Rickettsia-like organisms (RLOs) in 70% (168/240) of cases and Giemsa positive amoebae in the remaining 30% (72/240) of cases. RLOs were localized mainly at the level of the DG, where regressive changes or nodular inflammation was observed. TEM examination of RLOs samples revealed the presence of many rod-shaped electron dense microorganisms. Amoebal infection occurred in the kidney, intestine, lung, the DG and were associated to regressive events or infiltrative/nodular and encapsulation like inflammation. To date it is still unclear if the pathogens detected could represent a risk for humans and animals, therefore further studies are needed to better elucidate this point.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":16296,"journal":{"name":"Journal of invertebrate pathology","volume":"206 ","pages":"Article 108160"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2024-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0022201124001034/pdfft?md5=f716fde3f74da389d31dcff660556f1f&pid=1-s2.0-S0022201124001034-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141457446","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ecological consequences of hidden pathology by larval digeneans in South American mollusks","authors":"Matías J Merlo","doi":"10.1016/j.jip.2024.108158","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jip.2024.108158","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The study of digeneans and their association with mollusks commenced in Europe and South America during the mid-19th to early 20th centuries. Digenean infestation can severely degrade host tissue, leading to diminished energy resources and eventual host mortality. However, these parasites can also induce various non-lethal effects, including changes in growth rates, survival rates, and reproductive capabilities, alongside physiological and behavioral alterations. While numerous studies have explored the ecological effects of digeneans on hosts in Europe and North America, our understanding of these dynamics in South America, particularly in first intermediate hosts, remains limited. Therefore, this paper aims to provide an overview of ecological investigations into digenean-mollusk systems in South America, emphasizing the importance of robust sampling designs and statistical analyses to address key ecological inquiries. Although fascinating examples exist of parasitism influencing different hierarchical levels of digenean-mollusk systems, particularly at the individual, population, and community levels, documentation of their ecosystem-level impacts is comparatively sparse. As South American studies of digenean-mollusk systems from an ecological perspective are still in their early stages, there is immense potential for uncovering unique ecological patterns in this largely unexplored region, propelling us toward further developmental strides in the parasite ecology.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":16296,"journal":{"name":"Journal of invertebrate pathology","volume":"206 ","pages":"Article 108158"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2024-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141457445","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}