Journal of invertebrate pathology最新文献

{"title":"Physiological costs of infection by the invasive parasitic copepod Mytilicola intestinalis accumulate across temporal scales in the blue mussel Mytilus edulis","authors":"Felicitas Demann ,&nbsp;Christian Buschbaum ,&nbsp;Christian Bock ,&nbsp;Gaël Guillou ,&nbsp;Benoit Lebreton ,&nbsp;Gisela Lannig ,&nbsp;Markus Molis ,&nbsp;K. Mathias Wegner","doi":"10.1016/j.jip.2025.108374","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jip.2025.108374","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Exploitation of host resources by parasites can have profound impacts on infected hosts. When prevalence is high parasite infection can even feed back on host population dynamics. Especially when parasites are invasive species, their new native hosts can suffer from exploitation due to a lack of co-evolutionary history. Nevertheless, energetic costs are often subtle at the level of the individual and hard to link to population level effects. Sublethal energetic costs accumulate over time and can in sum be traded off against fitness over longer time scales. To study temporal accumulation of infection costs, we used a series of controlled infection experiments to assess the physiological effects exerted by the invasive parasitic copepod <em>Mytilicola intestinalis</em> on its newly acquired native host, the blue mussel <em>Mytilus edulis</em> in the North Sea, where the parasite can reach prevalences &gt; 70 %. To link short-term physiological responses to long term components of fitness, we combined several methodological approaches measuring changes of physiological traits that act on different time scales. Stable isotope analyses over different seasons and environments revealed a direct consumption of host tissue by <em>M. intestinalis</em>. Tissue repair increased energy demand that could directly be observed in accelerated heartbeat rates, and changes of amino acid metabolism measured by ¹H NMR spectroscopy. Although these effects were comparatively small in size, the resulting altered energy budget of the mussel host led to a lower body condition index under controlled laboratory conditions on medium time scales (months) and slower growth in the field over longer time scales (1 year). In combination, our experimental results show that small short-term physiological changes can translate to fitness relevant negative effects on life history traits when integrated across temporal scales.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16296,"journal":{"name":"Journal of invertebrate pathology","volume":"212 ","pages":"Article 108374"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144167783","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Entomopathogenic nematodes: Survival, virulence and immunity","authors":"Itamar Glazer ,&nbsp;Nelson Simões ,&nbsp;Ioannis Eleftherianos ,&nbsp;Jayashree Ramakrishnan ,&nbsp;Dana Ment ,&nbsp;Duarte Toubarro ,&nbsp;Sreeradha Mallick","doi":"10.1016/j.jip.2025.108363","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jip.2025.108363","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>As entomopathogenic nematodes (EPNs) are used as biological control agents, their survival and persistence are crucial to ensure success in application against insect pests. The survival of <em>Heterorhabditis</em> and <em>Steinernema</em> species is dependent on abiotic and biotic factors in the environment. Abiotic stress environments such as desiccation, temperature, and ultraviolet radiation (UV) severely impact their performance on field. EPNs produce and secrete effector molecules during the early stages of infection to interfere with the molecular mechanisms that control the insect innate immune function. Also, EPN effectors facilitate the subsequent release and spread of their symbiotic bacteria within the host. Hence, a comprehensive understanding of the underlying survival and virulence mechanisms enabling protection against environmental conditions and insect host immune responses is imperative to realistically enhance their performance on field. Thus, identifying key players regulating EPN survival, virulence and immunity could invariably contribute towards developing more robust, reliable solutions and application strategies including genetic tools and formulation technologies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16296,"journal":{"name":"Journal of invertebrate pathology","volume":"212 ","pages":"Article 108363"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144116042","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Systematics, diversity and biogeography of entomopathogenic nematodes and their bacterial symbionts","authors":"Vladimír Půža ,&nbsp;Ricardo A.R. Machado ,&nbsp;Antoinette P. Malan","doi":"10.1016/j.jip.2025.108362","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jip.2025.108362","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Since the discovery of the first entomopathogenic nematode in 1923, our understanding of their systematics and biogeography has advanced significantly. This review outlines the historical development of research on systematics of entomopathogenic nematodes and their bacterial symbionts, while presenting the current state of knowledge in these fields. Additionally, we evaluate the status of several recently described but dubious EPN species and provide an updated list of valid <em>Heterorhabditis</em> and <em>Steinernema</em> species. Finally, we summarize existing data on the geographical distribution of entomopathogenic nematode species and draw general conclusions about their biogeography.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16296,"journal":{"name":"Journal of invertebrate pathology","volume":"211 ","pages":"Article 108362"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144115367","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A new aphid IPM strategy based on the use of endophytic entomopathogenic ascomycetes that reduces treatment risks to the generalist predator Chrysoperla carnea (Stephens)","authors":"María Cuenca-Medina,&nbsp;Natalia González-Mas,&nbsp;Óscar Martínez-Anguita,&nbsp;Andrés Sandoval-Lozano,&nbsp;Enrique Quesada-Moraga","doi":"10.1016/j.jip.2025.108357","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jip.2025.108357","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The melon aphid <em>Aphis gossypii</em> is one of the most damaging and economically important crop pests. Entomopathogenic ascomycete (EA) have shown great potential in managing this pest, with several mycoinsecticides available on the market. Recent studies also highlight the systemic efficacy of EA endophytic strains, targeting aphids through the plant and impacting their survival and reproduction.</div><div>EA endophytic application prevents direct contact between EA and beneficial insects which increases their safety. Indeed, EA endophyte compatibility with other biological control agents, such as entomophagous predators, has been demonstrated under laboratory conditions. However, these results need to be validated using different application methods and under greenhouse conditions. In this study, we evaluated the biocontrol potential of two endophytic EA strains against <em>A. gossypii</em> in melon crops under greenhouse conditions. Based on their known endophytic behavior, <em>Metarhizium brunneum</em> strain EAMa 01/58-Su was applied as a foliar spray while <em>Beauveria bassiana</em> strain EABb 01/33-Su was applied as a seed dressing. Furthermore, the compatibility of these EA applications with the predator <em>Chrysoperla carnea</em> was assessed. Two repetitions were made in a greenhouse in Córdoba (Spain), the first in summer and the second in autumn. It is noteworthy that, in summer, foliar spraying with <em>M. brunneum</em> resulted in 35.0 % aphid mortality and a 20.4 % reduction in total <em>per capita</em> nymph production (TCNP) on sprayed leaves. In contrast, leaves not sprayed with the fungal suspension but endophytically colonized caused 70.0 % aphid mortality and a 12.6 % reduction in TCNP, which demonstrates the systemic potential of this fungus. Compatibility between <em>C. carnea</em> and <em>M. brunneum</em> was also demonstrated; there was a significant increase in prey consumption on endophytically-colonized leaves compared with predation levels observed in control plants. Seed dressing with <em>B. bassiana</em> led to 55.0 % aphid mortality and a 19.2 % reduction in TCNP but had no significant effect on <em>C. carnea</em> predation. The same trends were observed in autumn, although colder temperatures reduced aphid mortality. Our results highlight the potential of fungus-predator biocontrol strategies within an aphid Integrated Pest Management program under greenhouse conditions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16296,"journal":{"name":"Journal of invertebrate pathology","volume":"211 ","pages":"Article 108357"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144110985","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Entomopathogenic fungi as guardians of elm trees: A review of dual-action biocontrol agents targeting Scolytus spp. and their associated Ophiostoma species","authors":"Nima Akbari Oghaz ,&nbsp;Kamran Rahnama ,&nbsp;Hassan Vatandoost ,&nbsp;Ali Afshari ,&nbsp;James Francis White ,&nbsp;Kevin David Hyde ,&nbsp;Mohsen Yazdanian ,&nbsp;Elham Salari ,&nbsp;Sareh Hatamzadeh ,&nbsp;Abdolhossein Taheri","doi":"10.1016/j.jip.2025.108361","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jip.2025.108361","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The elm tree, an integral component of riparian ecosystems worldwide, has experienced significant mortality due to Dutch elm disease (DED). This review highlights that only 20 out of the 127 identified species within the genus <em>Scolytus</em> have been reported as vectors of DED. A critical research gap exists in the use of entomopathogenic fungi (EPFs) for controlling <em>Scolytus</em> species that vector DED. Current research has primarily focused on <em>S. scolytus</em>, <em>S. multistriatus</em>, and <em>S. schevyrewi</em>, identifying fourteen EPF species as effective biocontrol agents. Notably, only five of these EPFs, including <em>Metarhizium anisopliae</em>, <em>Beauveria bassiana</em>, <em>Nomuraea rileyi</em>, <em>Trichoderma harzianum</em>, and <em>T. polysporum</em>, have been proposed as antifungal agents against <em>Ophiostoma ulmi</em> and <em>O. novo-ulmi</em>. Additionally, environmental factors, such as temperature and UV exposure, along with synthetic substances like pesticides and fungicides, can significantly impact the efficacy of EPFs in biocontrol applications. The paucity of information on the dual control of elm bark beetles and associated pathogenic <em>Ophiostoma</em> species is notable. Despite the limited scope of existing studies, they underscore the dual benefits of EPFs as both bio-fungicides and bio-insecticides. This review posits that EPFs present an effective approach to integrated pest management for DED and advocates for a renewed focus on research into this promising strategy, taking into account environmental factors that could enhance their efficacy.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16296,"journal":{"name":"Journal of invertebrate pathology","volume":"211 ","pages":"Article 108361"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144088927","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Host-parasite interplay within a phoronid-microsporidia system: anti-parasitic defense in Lophophorata","authors":"Elena N. Temereva ,&nbsp;Yuliya Y. Sokolova","doi":"10.1016/j.jip.2025.108360","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jip.2025.108360","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Microsporidia (Opisthokonta: Rozellomycota: Microsporidia) are ubiquitous intracellular parasites infecting representatives of all major taxonomic groups of Animalia, from protozoans to mammals, and infecting marine, freshwater, and terrestrial hosts. A representative of the phylum Phoronida was recently added to the list of microsporidian hosts. Only one species Microsporidium <em>phoronidi,</em> a parasite of <em>Phoronis embryolabi,</em> has been recently described. The paper presents further study of this host-parasite system, specifically, the observation of an efficient anti-microsporidial defense reaction in a phoronid host, and a unique mechanism of clearing the host of infection. This defense reaction results in encapsulation of infected cells and subsequent releasing of the capsules through excretory ducts of metanephridia, together with larvae, which regularly leave the mother organism this way. We hypothesize that by encapsulation, phoronids destroy most of parasites, block spread of the infection throughout the body, and prevent horizontal transmission. At the same time, microsporidia that develop in vasoperitoneal tissue that nourish maturing oocytes and embryos, likely overcome the host defense by sporadic or regular infection of embryos. As a result, the parasite secures its persistence in host populations by vertical transmission, which, in turn, benefits evolving less pathogenic forms. Overall, such elaborated and well-balanced phoronid host–microsporidia parasite interactions may suggest long history of co-existence and deserve further studies. New data extend our knowledge about parasite-host interactions and immune response in Lophophorata.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16296,"journal":{"name":"Journal of invertebrate pathology","volume":"212 ","pages":"Article 108360"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144102092","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Insect-parasitic fungi as a model system to investigate coinfections","authors":"Eduardo C. Costantin ,&nbsp;José A. Roxinol ,&nbsp;Pablo F. Braga ,&nbsp;Simon Luke Elliot","doi":"10.1016/j.jip.2025.108358","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jip.2025.108358","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Living organisms are often infected simultaneously by different parasites. The outcomes of such coinfections can be based largely on the identity of the parasites involved, which renders investigation of other variables difficult. Additionally, most coinfection studies use pairs of very different parasites making it even more challenging to investigate any fundamental aspect of coinfection itself. To address this problem, we report here the establishment of a model system composed of two entomopathogenic fungi, <em>Beauveria bassiana</em> and <em>Metarhizium robertsii,</em> and larvae of the beetle <em>Tenebrio molitor</em> to study coinfections. These two fungi interact in a similar fashion with the host and this allows us to examine coinfections experimentally while largely excluding parasite identity and host-exploitation strategy as variables. Coinfection between both fungi in standard conditions – inoculated at the same time and in the same place − did not enhance virulence towards the host, larvae of the beetle <em>Tenebrio molitor.</em> In this scenario, <em>B. bassiana</em> was the dominant fungus, emerging in 60 % of infected larvae, <em>versus M. robertsii</em> in 12 %, and both parasites emerging in 28 %. We then tested if intrinsic aspects of infection – location of infection, order of inoculation and time lag between infections − could modify this outcome. We found that while host virulence was pratically unchanged, parasite fitness was strongly affected by infection-specific variables. When the fungi were inoculated on different parts of the host body and both fungi sporulated, parasite fitness was greatly reduced. Order of inoculation also had an effect on coinfection, with the first parasite to arrive dominating the host, even for <em>M. robertsii</em> which proved to be a weak competitor in simultaneous infection. However, the time lag between infections did not alter this within-host priority effect. Our findings support the use of the proposed system to study coinfections since we can investigate a wide range of environmental and infection factors, including neglected ones, that can alter host and parasite fitness. We intend to generate a body of theory that also can be used in other biological systems that investigate coinfections. These results may also inform the use of these fungi as biocontrol agents in agriculture, given they may be used in conjunction.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16296,"journal":{"name":"Journal of invertebrate pathology","volume":"211 ","pages":"Article 108358"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144101111","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Aim for the roots! Plants modulate the multitrophic interactions between entomopathogenic nematodes, fungi, and plants in the soil matrix","authors":"Mustapha Touray ,&nbsp;Yagmur Gutay ,&nbsp;Derya Ulug ,&nbsp;Harun Cimen ,&nbsp;Sebnem H. Gulsen ,&nbsp;Yunus Korkom ,&nbsp;Selcuk Hazir","doi":"10.1016/j.jip.2025.108359","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jip.2025.108359","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Within the soil matrix, entomopathogenic nematodes (EPNs), <em>Metarhizium</em> and <em>Trichoderma</em> fungi share similar soil niches and/or overlap in their host range. These biocontrol agents represent valuable resources for biological control strategies, offering potential alternatives to synthetic chemical pesticides in integrated pest management programs. Their co-occurrence, however, can substantially influence their respective population dynamics. We hypothesized that entomopathogenic nematode chemotaxis would be impacted by the presence of fungal biocontrol agents due to factors such as competition for resources and the production of repellent compounds<em>.</em> Two-choice experiments assessed nematode attraction to insect hosts in the presence of fungal mycelia or fungal-infected hosts, and the influence of bean plants on these interactions. Results revealed that <em>Heterorhabditis bacteriophora</em>, <em>Steinernema glaseri</em>, and <em>S. feltiae</em> were generally repelled by <em>M. brunneum</em>, <em>T. afroharzianum</em> and <em>T. guizhouense</em> fungal presence, exhibiting a preference for healthy insect larvae. However, the presence of bean plants significantly mitigated this repellency, creating an area more attractive to EPNs. <em>H. bacteriophora</em> and <em>S. feltiae</em> exhibited attraction towards areas with both plants and fungal mycelia. <em>Steinernema glaseri</em> presented a species-specific response, repelled by <em>M. brunneum</em> but attracted to <em>T. afroharzianum</em> in the presence of plants. This research highlights the complex interplay between EPNs, fungi, and plants, demonstrating that plant-derived cues can modulate nematode behavior and influence the efficacy of EPNs as biological control agents.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16296,"journal":{"name":"Journal of invertebrate pathology","volume":"212 ","pages":"Article 108359"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144102091","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Partial ecological niche partitioning between Beauveria brongniartii and Beauveria pseudobassiana entomopathogens at Melolontha melolontha infested sites","authors":"Chiara Pedrazzini ,&nbsp;Stephen A. Rehner ,&nbsp;Fiona Stewart-Smith ,&nbsp;Sara Boschi ,&nbsp;Franco Widmer ,&nbsp;Jürg Enkerli","doi":"10.1016/j.jip.2025.108356","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jip.2025.108356","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Beauveria brongniartii</em> specifically infects the insect pest <em>Melolontha melolontha</em> and is commonly isolated from soil and larvae. Since 1990, it has been used commercially as a biological control agent (BCA) against the larvae. Recent research revealed that <em>B. pseudobassiana</em> was the most frequently isolated pathogen from adult beetles collected aboveground across 35 alpine sites. This led us to hypothesize that <em>B. pseudobassiana</em> primarily infects adults aboveground, while <em>B. brongniartii</em> mainly targets larvae in soil. To test these hypotheses, we investigated the occurrence and distribution of both species at two <em>M. melolontha</em>-infested sites in Switzerland using a combination of phylogenetic analyses and microsatellite markers. Species-specific microsatellite markers were developed for <em>B. pseudobassiana</em>, and existing markers were applied to <em>B. brongniartii</em>. From 399 <em>Beauveria</em> spp. isolates collected from adult beetles, soil, grassland plants, and tree leaves, 362 were identified as <em>B. brongniartii</em>, which was present in all sources except tree leaves, and 37 as <em>B. pseudobassiana</em>, found in all sources including tree leaves, except soil. The most common <em>B. brongniartii</em> multilocus genotypes (MLGs) were those of the BCAs BIPESCO 2 and BIPESCO 4, perhaps reflecting previous BCA applications at these locations. One <em>B. pseudobassiana</em> microsatellite-based MLG was isolated from both tree leaves and <em>M. melolontha</em> in the tree canopy. Additionally, <em>B. pseudobassiana</em> isolated from the phylloplane exhibited pathogenicity toward <em>M. melolontha</em> adults, suggesting the possibility of acquiring infections aboveground. To detail <em>B. pseudobassiana</em> intraspecific diversity, a sequence dataset was constructed including 13 unique haplotypes of the nuclear intergenic region Bloc sequenced in this study, 58 Bloc sequences downloaded from GenBank, and sphyngomyelin phosphodiesterase, glycosyl hydrolase, and AAA-ATPase midasin I sequences from 18 isolates illustrative of <em>B. pseudobassiana</em> genome diversity accessioned in GenBank. Phylogenetic analysis of this data reveals the species to comprise a cryptic complex with distinct genetic clusters that group isolates independently of their geographic origin and isolation substrate. Overall, this study shows <em>B. brongniartii</em> predominates in soil, while <em>B. pseudobassiana</em> occurs in the phylloplane, suggesting its potential as a complementary biological control for adult beetles aboveground.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16296,"journal":{"name":"Journal of invertebrate pathology","volume":"211 ","pages":"Article 108356"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144086240","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Shell bacterial community dynamics suggest that American lobster (Homarus americanus) impoundment shell disease is caused by a dysbiosis","authors":"Nicolas Argenta,&nbsp;K.Fraser Clark","doi":"10.1016/j.jip.2025.108355","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jip.2025.108355","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Impoundment shell disease (ISD) in the American lobster (<em>Homarus americanus</em>) is a distinct pathological condition from the more well-known epizootic shell disease. It is commonly observed at low prevalences in live American lobsters held overwinter in tidal pounds and significantly reduces their economic value. Impoundment shell disease was originally described in 1937; however, its etiology remains unclear. The main goal of this study was to characterize the bacterial community associated with ISD in Canadian lobsters. Lobsters were collected from a pound in southwest Nova Scotia, Canada, and the full 16S rRNA gene of bacterial communities from lesion and healthy shell areas of asymptomatic (As), moderately symptomatic (MS) and severely symptomatic (SS) animals was sequenced. Pielou evenness and Shannon diversity indexes of alpha-diversity were higher in healthy areas compared to lesion areas. Beta-diversity metrics indicate that the bacterial diversity differences are driven mainly by the relative abundance of a small number of bacteria, rather than the specific taxa present in the samples. Taxa were designated as being potentially involved with ISD based on their relative frequency, relative abundance or being core bacteriome in the lesion shell area. Among those found in this study, <em>Tenacibaculum</em> and <em>Vibrio</em> were previously described in ISD lesions; but others, such as <em>Cellvibrionaceae</em>, <em>Polaribacter</em>, <em>Maribacter</em> and <em>Sulfitobacter</em> were not. Altogether, the findings of this study indicate that ISD is driven by dysbiosis. Moreover, the inconsistency of taxa with previous studies may indicate that ISD consists of a combination of specific functional groups of bacteria, rather specific taxa.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16296,"journal":{"name":"Journal of invertebrate pathology","volume":"211 ","pages":"Article 108355"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144086241","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}