Journal of invertebrate pathology最新文献

{"title":"Potential negative effects of introduced or augmented entomopathogens on non-target predators and parasitoids","authors":"Mustapha Touray ,&nbsp;Derya Ulug ,&nbsp;Harun Cimen ,&nbsp;Sebnem H. Gulsen ,&nbsp;Fatma Bursali ,&nbsp;David Shapiro-Ilan ,&nbsp;Tariq M. Butt ,&nbsp;Selcuk Hazir","doi":"10.1016/j.jip.2025.108394","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jip.2025.108394","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This review examines the complex interactions between introduced or augmented entomopathogens (viruses, bacteria, fungi, and nematodes) and naturally occurring arthropod natural enemies (predators and parasitoids) within Integrated Pest Management programs. Entomopathogens are increasingly recognized as sustainable alternatives to chemical pesticides, which have detrimental effects on ecosystems and human health and are frequently banned before viable biocontrol alternatives are readily available. Consequently, biological control, a fundamental aspect of pest management, must expand to bridge this gap and safeguard adequate food production. This expansion necessitates a thorough understanding of potential negative impacts associated with biocontrol methods, even though such effects are generally anticipated to be less severe than those stemming from chemical control. The review synthesizes current knowledge on how entomopathogenic infections influence predator and parasitoid populations, focusing on infection, repellency, and attractancy effects across different pathogen groups, particularly concerning those feeding on or developing within infected hosts. Studies show varied impacts on predators, from tolerance to potential harm, with some predators even contributing to viral dispersal of entomopathogens, potential negative impacts warrant consideration. Combined applications of natural enemies can enhance pest control, but precise timing, concentration and formulations are crucial to maximize benefits and minimize harm to beneficial organisms. While entomopathogens can affect certain beneficial insects, the benefits outweigh the non-target impacts. A common thread across all groups is the need for further research, particularly long-term field studies under realistic conditions, to fully understand their interactions within complex ecosystems. By understanding these interactions, we can develop optimized pest control strategies that promote biodiversity and enhance the sustainability of agriculture, habitat management, and conservation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16296,"journal":{"name":"Journal of invertebrate pathology","volume":"212 ","pages":"Article 108394"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-06-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144519160","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development of a Probe-Based quantitative PCR assay for detecting Nosema bombycis and its application in inspection and quarantine of silkworm egg production","authors":"Zhangshuai He ,&nbsp;Fangli Xie ,&nbsp;Zhuoxi Fan ,&nbsp;Yufan Jian ,&nbsp;Maoshuang Ran ,&nbsp;Yixiang Yu ,&nbsp;Ruoheng Zhao ,&nbsp;Zhi Zhang ,&nbsp;Xueqiang Sun ,&nbsp;Mingxin Mu ,&nbsp;Tangxin Li ,&nbsp;Zhaoyi Guo ,&nbsp;Wenyong Chang ,&nbsp;Jinfeng Liu ,&nbsp;Jie Chen ,&nbsp;Zeyang Zhou ,&nbsp;Dewen Fang ,&nbsp;Xianzhi Meng ,&nbsp;Guoqing Pan","doi":"10.1016/j.jip.2025.108392","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jip.2025.108392","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Pébrine, a severe disease in sericulture, is caused by the microsporidium <em>Nosema bombycis</em>. As the pathogen can be transmitted through silkworm eggs, it is the only legally regulated quarantine target in silkworm egg production. Traditional detection methods rely on microscopic examination of female moths (female moth microscopy, FMM) and newly hatched larvae (Confirmatory microscopy), which are labor-intensive and prone to subjective interpretation. To address this, we developed a probe-based quantitative PCR (qPCR) method targeting the <em>small-subunit ribosomal</em> RNA (SSU rRNA) gene of <em>N. bombycis</em>. This method achieved a detection limit of 15 fg for <em>N. bombycis</em> genomic DNA and specifically identified microsporidia infecting silkworms, including <em>N. bombycis</em> and <em>Vairimorpha necatrix</em> BM, without cross-reactivity with other silkworm pathogens<em>.</em> With qPCR, <em>N. bombycis</em> can be detected in the midgut at 2 days post-infection (2 dpi), in the hemolymph at 3 dpi, and at 6 dpi in feces. The established qPCR was evaluated across 3616 samples of grandparent female moths, 2643 samples of parent female moths, and 1022 samples of first-generation hybrid (F₁) newly hatched larvae. Comparing results with traditional microscopic inspection, concordance rates for positive samples were 93.82 %, 96.48 %, and 91.18 %, respectively, demonstrating a high level of agreement between the two methods; qPCR was able to detect 43.51 %, 58.95 %, and 2.13 % of suspicious samples, respectively, despite microscopic negative results, underscoring the superior sensitivity of qPCR over microscopic examination. Furthermore, qPCR enabled the direct detection of <em>N. bombycis</em> in F₁ eggs, preventing the unnecessary elimination of 21.21 % of uninfected eggs that were misclassified by FMM. This highly sensitive and efficient method detects the pathogen 13–14 days earlier than traditional confirmatory microscopy in F₁ newly hatched larvae without incubation and natural mortality. In conclusion, the probe-based qPCR method developed in this study exhibits high specificity, sensitivity, and accuracy, confirming its suitability for the detection of <em>N. bombycis</em> in silkworm egg production systems. This work offers solid data basis for qPCR application in the quarantine and inspection of <em>N. bombycis</em>, paving the way for more efficient and reliable molecular detection in sericulture.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16296,"journal":{"name":"Journal of invertebrate pathology","volume":"212 ","pages":"Article 108392"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144490702","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Discovery of the first aphid-infecting nudiviruses reveal bidirectional host-virus gene transfer","authors":"Carlos A. Villarroel ,&nbsp;Angélica González-González ,&nbsp;Maximiliano Chamorro ,&nbsp;Pablo Villarreal ,&nbsp;Francisco A. Cubillos ,&nbsp;Claudio C. Ramírez","doi":"10.1016/j.jip.2025.108393","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jip.2025.108393","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Nudiviruses are double-stranded DNA viruses that infect invertebrate species, ranging from aquatic arthropods to insects from diverse orders. Remnants of nudiviral infections have been found as introgressions in the genome of several insect hosts, such as aphids pest species (Hemiptera: Aphididae). However, a nudivirus infecting aphids has yet to be reported. Here, we describe the complete genome sequences of two nudiviruses found in the aphid <em>Neuquenaphis staryi</em>, a species that branched out early in the Aphididae family and is endemic to southern beech forests in South America. These nudiviruses (NsNV-1 and NsNV-2) share 98% of nucleotide identity between them and belong to the <em>Alphanudivirus</em> genus. Notably, we found that the prevalence of NsNV-1 was 16 times higher than NsNV-2 in natural <em>N. staryi</em> populations, and co-infections were not observed. Furthermore, we show that horizontal gene transfer between aphids and nudiviruses has been bidirectional, providing evidence of their dynamic co-evolutionary relationship. This study provides the first documentation of nudivirus infections in aphids and expands our understanding of the evolutionary interactions between nudiviruses and their insect hosts.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16296,"journal":{"name":"Journal of invertebrate pathology","volume":"212 ","pages":"Article 108393"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144502765","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nosema or Vairimorpha: Genomic/proteomic support to a complex socio-economic issue rooted in taxonomic change","authors":"Jamie Bojko ,&nbsp;James Becnel ,&nbsp;Edouard Bessette ,&nbsp;Sam Edwards ,&nbsp;Jing Gao ,&nbsp;Wei-Fone Huang ,&nbsp;Nataša Katanić ,&nbsp;Amjad Khalaf ,&nbsp;Tian Li ,&nbsp;Jonathan W. Snow ,&nbsp;Leellen F. Solter ,&nbsp;Cheyenne E. Stratton ,&nbsp;Yuri Tokarev ,&nbsp;Bryony Williams ,&nbsp;Yanping Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.jip.2025.108376","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jip.2025.108376","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Microsporidia are disease-causing organisms that can infect invertebrate species. In apiculture, two microsporidians of importance are <em>Vairimorpha</em> (=<em>Nosema</em>) <em>ceranae</em> and <em>Vairimorpha</em> (=<em>Nosema</em>) <em>apis</em>. The taxonomy surrounding the genus assignment of these species has been heavily debated, due to molecular systematic and socio-economic reasons. We provide an update to this debate by developing a 508-gene concatenated protein phylogeny, and a 277-gene concatenated nucleotide phylogeny, to show that these parasites show strong phylogenetic positioning with the <em>Vairimorpha</em> genus and its type species <em>Vairimorpha necatrix</em>. Despite this assignment, we suggest that the terms ‘nosema-disease’, ‘nosemosis’ and ‘nosematosis’ should still be viable for use within apiculture, and be named after the family Nosematidae in which <em>V. ceranae</em> and <em>V. apis</em> sit, instead of the previous genus assignment: <em>Nosema</em>.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16296,"journal":{"name":"Journal of invertebrate pathology","volume":"212 ","pages":"Article 108376"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144480370","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Isolation and characterization of Vibrio toranzoniae from adult Pacific oysters (Crassostrea gigas) in South Korea: Insights into pathogenicity and virulence factors","authors":"Tae-Sung Song ,&nbsp;Hyung-Bae Jeon ,&nbsp;Yu Chen ,&nbsp;Donghyun Lee ,&nbsp;Young-Uk Kim ,&nbsp;Seung-Hyeon Kim ,&nbsp;Hyoun Joong Kim ,&nbsp;S.D.N.K. Bathige ,&nbsp;Kyung-Il Park","doi":"10.1016/j.jip.2025.108391","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jip.2025.108391","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The Pacific oyster (<em>Crassostrea gigas</em>) is an important species in global aquaculture, particularly in South Korea, where oyster farming constitutes a significant economic activity. However, oyster health and aquaculture sustainability face substantial threats from bacterial infections, particularly those caused by <em>Vibrio</em> spp. In this study, we aimed to isolate <em>Vibrio toranzoniae</em> from adult <em>C. gigas</em> in Tongyeong, South Korea, and evaluate its pathogenicity under different environmental conditions. Phylogenetic analysis confirmed that the isolated strain (<em>V. toranzoniae</em> SKTY) belonged to the <em>splendidus</em> clade. Pathogenicity assays revealed a 50 % lethal dose (LD₅₀) of approximately 1.3 × 10⁸ CFU/mL, with mortality rates increasing significantly at elevated temperatures. Nitric oxide production in oyster hemocytes was examined as an immune response indicator, exhibiting a dose-dependent increase upon bacterial exposure. The isolate exhibited enzymatic activities (lipase, phospholipase, caseinase, and gelatinase) and hemolytic activity, further supporting its virulence potential. Antibiotic susceptibility testing showed that <em>V. toranzoniae</em> SKTY was susceptible to all tested antibiotics, with no observed resistance. Growth kinetics analyses demonstrated optimal bacterial proliferation at 28°C, with enhanced virulence at higher temperatures. Our findings highlight the potential threat of <em>V. toranzoniae</em> to oyster aquaculture, particularly under climate-induced temperature stress. Hence, continuous monitoring and targeted mitigation strategies are required to ensure sustainable oyster production in South Korea.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16296,"journal":{"name":"Journal of invertebrate pathology","volume":"212 ","pages":"Article 108391"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-06-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144338878","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ameson portunus infection is associated with RK13 mitochondrial abnormalities","authors":"Min Zhou,&nbsp;Zixuan Yang,&nbsp;Xintong Zhang,&nbsp;Zhiqiang Zhu,&nbsp;Yali Xu,&nbsp;Zhaozhe Xin,&nbsp;Jinyong Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.jip.2025.108390","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jip.2025.108390","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Microsporidia are obligate intracellular parasites with an extremely broad host range from invertebrates to vertebrates. Although host mitochondria were proved to be critical for the intracellular survival and propagation, their precise morphological and functional variation during microsporidian infection remain largely unclear. In this study, we firstly developed a feasible approach to track microsporidia proliferation by using a live-cell fluorescent dye DiI in the <em>Ameson portunus</em>-RK13 model. DiI-labeled <em>A. portunus</em> was observed to be surround by host mitochondria at 6 hpi (hours post infection) and gradually induced mitochondrial fragmentation in RK13 cells at 8 dpi (days post infection). Ultrastructural observation further revealed some mitochondria exhibited distinct swelling, and dissolution and fragmentation of cristae. Then, RNA sequencing of <em>A. portunus</em>-infected and uninfected RK13 cells at 8 dpi was employed to uncover the possible mechanisms underlying these mitochondrial abnormities. GSEA analysis revealed 11 mitochondrial structure- and function-related process were upregulated upon the infection of <em>A. portunus</em>. The expression alteration of genes related to mitochondrial fusion and fission might contribute to mitochondrial fragmentation, and the upregulation of genes encoding the components of mitochondrial respiratory chain and ATP<!--> <!-->synthesis<!--> <!-->coupled<!--> <!-->proton<!--> <!-->transport implied the increase of ATP production upon microsporidian infection. Upregulated expression of genes associated with the maintenance of mitochondrial morphology was possibly associated with mitochondrial swelling, and cristae dissolution and fragmentation. The upregulation of genes involved in mitophagy and mitochondrial protein biosynthesis was suggested to be involved in the maintenance of mitochondrial homeostasis against the infection. Collectively, our findings provide further information on the host mitochondria-involved pathophysiological responses to this microsporidian infection.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16296,"journal":{"name":"Journal of invertebrate pathology","volume":"212 ","pages":"Article 108390"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-06-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144338887","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A century of advancement in entomopathogenic nematode formulation and application technology","authors":"David I. Shapiro-Ilan ,&nbsp;Dana Ment ,&nbsp;Jayashree Ramakrishnan ,&nbsp;Mayra G. Rodríguez Hernández ,&nbsp;Larry W. Duncan","doi":"10.1016/j.jip.2025.108389","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jip.2025.108389","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Entomopathogenic nematodes (EPNs) in the genera <em>Heterorhabditis</em> and <em>Steinernema</em> are biocontrol agents used to control a diverse array of economically important insect pests. Generally, nematodes are applied in aqueous suspensions using standard agricultural equipment (e.g., sprayers and irrigation systems). Formulation and application parameters are critical to the level of biocontrol efficacy achieved by EPNs. Moreover, biocontrol efficacy is mitigated by various abiotic and biotic factors. For example, abiotic factors such as ultraviolet (UV) radiation, desiccation, or temperature extremes can severely limit EPN efficacy in biocontrol. Additionally, biotic aspects, including matching the appropriate EPN species to the target pest, and a suitable application rate, are of extreme importance. EPN formulations can facilitate storage and ease-of-handling during application. Improved formulations may also protect the EPNs from harmful environmental conditions and enhance efficacy and persistence. For example, protective gels or nanoparticle formulations can protect nematodes from UV and desiccation and thereby expand EPN use to aboveground applications. Novel application approaches can also enhance EPN efficacy such as using pheromone boosters to increase nematode movement and infectivity. In this review, we summarize the current status of EPN formulation and application technology and provide examples of novel developments that will help propel EPNs toward future success. Following a brief introduction on current formulation and application practices, we provide information on the basic abiotic and biotic factors that affect efficacy, followed by approaches to improve efficacy within the framework of formulation and application technology.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16296,"journal":{"name":"Journal of invertebrate pathology","volume":"212 ","pages":"Article 108389"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-06-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144340202","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A protocol for assessing histological changes and biometry in Ucides cordatus (Crustacea, Decapoda, Ocypodidae) using linear indices","authors":"Wanda Batista de Jesus ,&nbsp;Raimunda Nonata Fortes Carvalho Neta ,&nbsp;Raimundo Nonato Diniz Costa Filho ,&nbsp;Débora Batista Pinheiro Sousa","doi":"10.1016/j.jip.2025.108386","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jip.2025.108386","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>For decades, histological analysis has been used to assess the acute and chronic effects of xenobiotics in vertebrates. However, there are few studies discussing the role of histological alterations and their relationship with biometry in the health of invertebrates, such as crustaceans. Furthermore, there are no mathematical indices in the literature to assess histological or biometric findings in crustaceans. This study aimed to develop a protocol for assessing histological alterations in organs affected by xenobiotic exposure and correlations with biometry in crustaceans using linear indices. The research was guided by the need to create a specific scoring table and classification system for histological changes and biometrics in crab organs. The developed protocol is based on linear mathematical indices comprising three variables: (<em>α</em>) pathological factor, referring to the relationship between histological alteration and organ impairment; (<em>β</em>) alteration score, defined from lesion extent and/or number of alterations; and (<em>χ</em>) biometric factor, determined based on the relationship between body weight and carapace width, which is directly related to the occurrence of histological changes in <em>Ucides cordatus.</em> Sensitivity analysis showed that the sensitivity of alteration, reaction pattern, and total indices to a specific change is directly influenced by the lesion’s pathological factor or score. By presenting a standardized scoring table for histological changes in crustaceans, the proposed protocol contributes to a global and weighted assessment of crab health, with potential application in other crustaceans.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16296,"journal":{"name":"Journal of invertebrate pathology","volume":"212 ","pages":"Article 108386"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-06-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144329918","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Entomopathogenic nematodes: Commercial use and future perspectives","authors":"Tshimangadzo Ramakuwela ,&nbsp;Eustachio Tarasco ,&nbsp;Norberto Chavarría-Hernández ,&nbsp;Stefan Toepfer","doi":"10.1016/j.jip.2025.108388","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jip.2025.108388","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The 100 years of research, development, commercialization and use of entomopathogenic nematodes (EPN) since their discovery in the 1920s have seen impressive progress. Nowadays, many EPN products, based on a relatively limited number of EPN species, are commercially available in most world regions. This paper presents a review of EPN commercialization and examples of EPN use in field crops such as maize and in agroforestry ecosystems. It demonstrates how EPN have become an important tool in biological control of insect pests offering many advantages over chemicals. These include farmer and consumer safety, minimal damage to natural enemies, no problems with pollinators, and no environmental pollution. All of these attributes are essential for an advanced and sustainable integrated pest management strategy. We explored future potential of commercialization and adoption of EPN-based biocontrol products. The future may lie in several advances: i) The ability to tailor the use of EPN to broad as well as to local agricultural needs. ii) Enhancing their shelf life and efficacy through genetic improvements. iii) Refining application technologies. iv) Improving mass production (including machine learning using production data). v Reducing production and delivery costs, considering EPN as safe agents and therefore reducing registration burdens. Vi) Finally, expanding their use to a larger market such as to new pest species and crops. With continued research and innovation, EPN could become a cornerstone of sustainable pest management strategies in an increasing number of countries.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16296,"journal":{"name":"Journal of invertebrate pathology","volume":"212 ","pages":"Article 108388"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-06-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144326017","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Will anomalies in the field of EPN associated-bacteria lead to a new paradigm?","authors":"Ogier Jean-Claude,&nbsp;Gaudriault Sophie","doi":"10.1016/j.jip.2025.108387","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jip.2025.108387","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>According to the prevailing monoxenic paradigm, entomopathogenic nematodes (EPNs) form specific association with endosymbiotic bacteria. However, many anomalies have been observed over the last 60 years, with bacterial taxa other than the known endosymbiont isolated in culture-based approaches or detected by next-generation sequencing. We have reconsidered the role of this EPN-associated microbiota — known as the second bacterial circle — in the life-cycle of EPNs. In this review, we present arguments supporting a role for certain taxa in the death of the insect and propose hypotheses concerning other properties of the bacteria involved in their interactions with EPNs. Should these functional hypotheses be confirmed, then the bacterial “anomalies” would no longer be regarded as such. Instead, they would form the basis for the establishment of a new paradigm, the polyxenic paradigm.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16296,"journal":{"name":"Journal of invertebrate pathology","volume":"212 ","pages":"Article 108387"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-06-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144326018","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}