Journal of invertebrate pathology最新文献

{"title":"Digital PCR (dPCR) vs. Quantitative PCR (qPCR) approaches for quantification of two Perkinsus species within clam tissue samples.","authors":"Elisa Chailler, Héliaz Le Bayon, Annabelle Dairain, Florentine Riquet, Leslie Stout, Aurélie Chambouvet, Morgan Smits","doi":"10.1016/j.jip.2025.108417","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jip.2025.108417","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The parasite Perkinsus olseni (Perkinsea, Alveolata), the etiological agent of Perkinsosis, infects a wide range of bivalves and gastropods, including clams, particularly in Europe. This parasite coexists in sympatry with another Perkinsus species, P. chesapeaki, which, as opposed to P. olseni, has not been directly associated to mortality events. Accurate detection and quantification of Perkinsus infections, even at low infection intensities, are crucial for monitoring clam population health and assessing risks associated with emerging diseases. In this study, we compared molecular methodologies based on duplex real-time quantitative PCR (qPCR) and digital PCR (dPCR) in order to develop effective host resource management strategies. We first evaluated detection capabilities and the impact of potential inhibitors using both methodologies across varying DNA concentrations. Subsequently, we applied these methods to two contrasting French environments: Noirmoutier, characterized by low prevalence and infection intensity, and Arcachon Bay, which exhibits high prevalence and infection intensity. Our results demonstrate that dPCR should be prioritized for detecting and quantifying parasites at low infection intensities (10¹-10² cp.µL^-1), as it might minimize false-negative results compared to qPCR. Notably, dPCR provided new insights and revealed cryptic infections, demonstrating greater efficiency in detecting P. chesapeaki in lightly infected sites such as Noirmoutier. Conversely, infection intensity was underestimated with dPCR relative to qPCR for clams with moderate to high Perkinsus infection levels (10³ cp.µL^-1 or higher), proving the latter more suitable for medium to heavily infected areas like Arcachon Bay. These findings are important as they represent the first in situ monitoring of both Perkinsus species using culture-free methodologies. This work provides essential tools for resource management and conservation strategies to address emerging diseases.</p>","PeriodicalId":16296,"journal":{"name":"Journal of invertebrate pathology","volume":" ","pages":"108417"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144775644","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sexual dimorphism in the immune response of Drosophila melanogaster to the entomopathogenic fungus Metarhizium anisopliae.","authors":"Yulian Peng, Jinliang Lyu, Qinwei Li, Petros Ligoxygakis, Yuxian Xia, Qi Xiao","doi":"10.1016/j.jip.2025.108422","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jip.2025.108422","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The immune response of insects to pathogenic micro-organisms infection usually exhibits significant sex differences. Understanding this sexual dimorphism elucidates how immunity interplays with reproductive strategy, metabolic status and environmental factors. In this study, we showed female Drosophila melanogaster (fruit fly) survived better than males when infected with Metarhizium anisopliae CQMa421. This sex-specific survival difference depends on the Toll pathway, which is critical for innate immunity. We systematically compared innate immunity, including humoral immunity, cellular immunity, and melanization, between infected male and female flies. Female flies displayed a faster humoral immune response, characterized by earlier upregulation of antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) expression in both fat body and gut. On the other hand, male flies exhibited a stronger early cellular immune response, marked by increased expression of genes associated with hemocyte clotting and phagocytosis. While male flies upregulated melanization related Prophenoloxidase (PPO) earlier than female flies, both sexes significantly increased phenoloxidase (PO) activity after fungal infection. Fungal load quantification revealed that CQMa421 proliferated more quickly in females than in males. Collectively, our data indicate that each sex exhibits advantages in specific immune response, and that sex-biased survival outcome arises from the integration of multiple host defense mechanisms.</p>","PeriodicalId":16296,"journal":{"name":"Journal of invertebrate pathology","volume":" ","pages":"108422"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144804261","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Beehive-entrance imaging and deep learning for real-time monitoring of Varroa destructor in apiculture.","authors":"Tai-Sheng Su, Chin-Chun Wu, Tzu-Yin Lin, Cheng-Hsiang Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.jip.2025.108465","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jip.2025.108465","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Varroa destructor is a major ectoparasite threatening apiculture worldwide, especially in Taiwan. We retrofit conventional hives with an entrance imaging chamber and deploy a YOLOv5s-based detector for real-time mite detection on Apis mellifera. Trained on 1,600 annotated images supplemented with mite close-ups, the model achieved a mean average precision (mAP@0.5) of 97.4 %. Video tests at hive entrances further confirmed robust performance under motion and illumination variability. We retrofitted conventional hives with an entrance imaging chamber and implemented a YOLOv5s-based detector for real-time mite detection. To facilitate adoption, we present a per-hive bill of materials and a five-year annualized cost model, demonstrating a low annual per-hive cost suitable for apiary-scale deployment. The proposed system reduces labor-intensive inspections and enables early mite detection, contributing to sustainable and data-driven beekeeping practices.</p>","PeriodicalId":16296,"journal":{"name":"Journal of invertebrate pathology","volume":" ","pages":"108465"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145244358","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Wolbachia-Based biocontrol of Aedes aegypti: Current Progress, Challenges, and future prospects.","authors":"Ashif Ahamed, Safdar Ali, Mehboob Hoque","doi":"10.1016/j.jip.2025.108468","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jip.2025.108468","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Wolbachia is used as potential bio-control tool to reduce the dengue mosquitoes and also to reduce dengue virus (DENV) load in transinfected Aedes aegypti. Different field trials including the ones by the World Mosquito Program (WMP) have deployed Wolbachia carrying DENV primary vectors at different target sites worldwide. Field trials suggest that through the Population Replacement Strategy (PRS) and Incompatible Insect Technique (IIT), Wolbachia can introgress into the local Ae. aegypti population or reduce the population size of the Aedes aegypti by cytoplasmic incompatibility phenomenon and subsequent reduction in dengue incidences at target sites. Challenges for this strategy are to establish and maintain the transinfected mosquito population, choosing the appropriate strain of the bacteria, long term establishment of transinfected dengue mosquitoes for several subsequent generations, selecting the appropriate approach of mosquito field release, operational challenges, and the viral evolution. Moreover, the outcome of Wolbachia mediated biological control of Aedes aegypti in a broad scale is yet to be seen and the long-term stability of Wolbachia in transinfected mosquitoes remains unconfirmed. Significant success has been recorded in a broad scale deployment of wAlbB-carrying Aedes aegypti through the ongoing Wolbachia Malaysia project, resulting in a reduction in dengue fever cases. Successful large-deployment of this strategy has also been performed in Colombia and Indonesia (1.7 to 3.3 million people and 135-540 km² area). Similar investigations on broad scale for longer period across different environmental conditions using transinfected mosquito deployment and associated risk analysis are imperative before adopting this biological control approach as a potent dengue control strategy worldwide.</p>","PeriodicalId":16296,"journal":{"name":"Journal of invertebrate pathology","volume":" ","pages":"108468"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145225551","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Involvement of Bombyx mori nucleopolyhedrovirus GP37 in the postmortem host liquefaction","authors":"Shota Fujimoto ,&nbsp;Kaito Fujimaki ,&nbsp;Susumu Katsuma ,&nbsp;Masashi Iwanaga","doi":"10.1016/j.jip.2025.108469","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jip.2025.108469","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>GP37, a component protein of baculovirus particles, enhances the ability of occlusion-derived virions (ODV) to penetrate the peritrophic membrane of host insects. The GP37 of Bombyx mori nucleopolyhedrovirus (BmNPV Orf52, Bm52) localizes to the mitochondria of host cells throughout the course of infection. However, the specific role of BmNPV GP37 (BmGP37) within infected cells and larvae remains unclear. In this study, to investigate the function of BmGP37, a <em>Bmgp37</em>-deleted virus (Bmgp37D) was constructed by inserting an <em>hsp70</em>-<em>lacZ</em> cassette. No significant differences were found between Bmgp37D and the wild type virus (WT) in terms of viral genome replication or virulence in cultured cells. However, both LC₅₀ and LD₅₀ values of Bmgp37D were higher in <em>B. mori</em> larvae compared to those of WT, and the LT₅₀ of Bmgp37D was significantly longer than that of WT. Notably, postmortem liquefaction, crucial for the environmental release of occlusion bodies, was severely lessened in Bmgp37D −infected larvae. Expression levels of viral chitinase and viral cathepsin, both of which are associated with larval disintegration, showed no significant difference between Bmgp37D and WT. Similarly, systemic infection levels did not differ between Bmgp37D and WT. These findings indicate that BmGP37 is a novel protein required for postmortem host liquefaction.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16296,"journal":{"name":"Journal of invertebrate pathology","volume":"214 ","pages":"Article 108469"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145220608","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Survival mechanisms of preselected breeder honeybee (Apis mellifera) colonies under Varroa-infestation: Selective breeding of natural selection.","authors":"Peter Njukang Akongte, Daegeun Oh, Kim Jin-Myung, Chang-Hoon Lee, Yong-Soo Choi, Dongwon Kim","doi":"10.1016/j.jip.2025.108466","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jip.2025.108466","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Including other stressors, global losses of honeybee colonies are attributed to Varroa destructor. Among control measures, breeding resistant bee strains are promising and eco-friendly, though the mechanisms involved are complex. This study evaluated mite fall, mite population, colony development (brood and adult population), and viral infestations across three groups: Group A (hygienic, low grooming), Group B (non-hygienic, high grooming), and Group C (Intermediate traits) from June to October 2024. Groups B and C had lower colony mortality than Group A. Although the average number of fallen mites and overall mite population were not significantly different among the groups, the number was higher in groups A and C. Daily mite fall showed no significant correlation with adult bee populations. However, significantly weak negative correlations were observed between the brood population and daily mite fall. Deformed wing virus, Acute bee paralysis virus, Isreali acute paralysis virus, and Chronic bee paralysis virus were detected. Deformed wing virus, acute bee paralysis virus, and Isreali acute paralysis virus showed high levels of expression. This study highlights that non-hygienic bees with high grooming activity can perform better against V. destructor. Further research should evaluate the level of resistance in hygienic bees with short postcapping brood duration, grooming bees with short postcapping brood duration, and Varroa sensitive hygiene bees with short postcapping brood duration.</p>","PeriodicalId":16296,"journal":{"name":"Journal of invertebrate pathology","volume":" ","pages":"108466"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145206734","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Entomopathogenic soil bacteria as biocontrol agents against Spodoptera litura (Fab): A sustainable approach","authors":"Pallvi Mehra ,&nbsp;Arushi Mahajan ,&nbsp;Prince Dhammi ,&nbsp;Satish Koundal ,&nbsp;Harvinder Singh Saini ,&nbsp;Sanehdeep Kaur","doi":"10.1016/j.jip.2025.108464","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jip.2025.108464","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Spodoptera litura</em> (Fabricius) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), commonly known as the tobacco caterpillar, is a polyphagous pest found worldwide, causing considerable damage to a variety of agricultural crops. The overuse of chemical insecticides against <em>S. litura</em> has led to the development of resistance, residue problem and ecological imbalance. To address these issues, sustainable and eco-friendly alternatives like microbial control has emerged as a key strategy in integrated pest management. Therefore, the present study was undertaken to assess the insecticidal properties of soil bacteria as potential biocontrol agents against <em>S. litura</em>. Among the screened bacteria, <em>Planococcus</em> sp. (KIC5), <em>Rhodococcus</em> sp. (MG1) and <em>Comamonas</em> sp. (C2) caused 82, 80 and 78 % mortality respectively, compared to 8 % in control <em>S</em>. <em>litura</em> larvae treated with leaves dipped in PBS only. Besides larvicidal activity, these bacteria also prolonged the overall development period with a prolongation of 5.63 days due to MG1, decreased adult emergence and caused morphological abnormalities in <em>S. litura</em>. A remarkable effect was also observed on nutritional indices of <em>S</em>. <em>litura</em> larvae in the form of decreased relative growth rate (RGR), relative consumption rate (RCR), efficiency of conversion of ingested food (ECI), efficiency of conversion of digested food (ECD), and altered approximate digestibility (AD). The significant adverse effects of KIC5, MG1 and C2 on various biological and nutritional parameters of <em>S. litura</em> indicate their potential as effective biocontrol agents against <em>S. litura</em>.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16296,"journal":{"name":"Journal of invertebrate pathology","volume":"214 ","pages":"Article 108464"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145149261","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Host-parasite interactions between Unionicola savadiensis and freshwater mussels reveal infestation patterns and metabolic adaptations in Himalayan streams","authors":"Ajaz Ali Ahmed Khan ,&nbsp;Vijay Kumar ,&nbsp;Suruchi Gupta ,&nbsp;Parvinderpal Singh ,&nbsp;Zabeer Ahmed ,&nbsp;Ravail Singh","doi":"10.1016/j.jip.2025.108460","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jip.2025.108460","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study investigates the complex host-parasite interactions between <em>Unionicola</em> mites and freshwater mussels, focusing on infestation patterns across four mussel species from two river streams. Furthermore, this study explores the metabolic adaptations of a parasitic mite infesting Himalayan freshwater mussels, focusing on producing the macromolecule 13-<em>cis</em>-docosenamide<strong>.</strong> <em>Lamellidens corrianus</em> emerged as the primary host, with environmental and morphometric factors influencing infestation dynamics. Using combined morphological and molecular taxonomy, the mites were identified as <em>Unionicola (Myanmaratax) savadiensis</em>, and their biochemical adaptations were explored. Metabolomics profiling highlighted the presence of 13-<em>cis</em>-docosenamide in gill-associated mites, indicating a potential host-specific adaptation. This compound is novel to mites and suggests a unique interaction with the host’s chemical environment. GC–MS profiling of mussels stated the presence of the precursor docosenoic acid but not the final compound, supporting the hypothesis that mites synthesize 13-<em>cis</em>-docosenamide from host-derived precursors. The absence of this compound in mites from accidental hosts further highlights the specificity of this metabolic adaptation. Additionally, other isolated compounds were identified as polymer additives, which are known for their toxic and endocrine-disrupting properties, exacerbating ecological threats to mussel populations. This study highlights the dual ecological pressures of parasitism and the dynamics of these organisms, advancing our understanding of freshwater ecosystems and their threats.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16296,"journal":{"name":"Journal of invertebrate pathology","volume":"214 ","pages":"Article 108460"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145149247","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Infection with trematodes Apophallus sp. affects the growth and activity of hydrolytic enzymes in the invasive gravel snail Lithoglyphus naticoides","authors":"Aleksandra S. Sokolova ,&nbsp;Tatyana V. Frolova ,&nbsp;Evgeny I. Izvekov ,&nbsp;Galina I. Izvekova","doi":"10.1016/j.jip.2025.108461","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jip.2025.108461","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Currently, the alien freshwater gastropod <em>Lithoglyphus naticoides</em> is rapidly expanding its range and promoting the spread of parasitic trematodes <em>Apophallus</em> sp. These flatworms use the snail as intermediate host and may cause the dangerous black-spotted disease in fish juveniles. However, despite the obvious importance of knowing the physiological bases of this host-parasite interplay, studies in this area remain scanty. Therefore we focused on the size-weight and physiological parameters of <em>L.<!--> <!-->naticoides</em> and their changes in response to <em>Apophallus</em> infection. It was found that the shell height and total body weight significantly increase in the infected molluscs. In contrast, protease activities were significantly lower in infected than in naïve snails over a wide pH range. Inhibitor analysis showed the presence of serine-, cysteine- and metalloproteinase activity in <em>L.<!--> <!-->naticoides</em>. Trematode infection most strongly affected the serine proteinases, reducing their activity levels. At the same time, the infection did not cause a decrease in α–amylase activity in the gravel snails. Moreover, at certain pH values, α–amylase activity was significantly higher in parasitized than in non-parasitized specimens. These metabolic features may contribute to growth acceleration in parasitized hosts, thereby affecting their survival and spread, which eventually may have far–reaching consequences for the reservoir ecosystems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16296,"journal":{"name":"Journal of invertebrate pathology","volume":"214 ","pages":"Article 108461"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145130978","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring the environmental distribution of the oyster parasite Haplosporidium costale","authors":"Isabelle Arzul ,&nbsp;Cyrielle Lecadet ,&nbsp;Bruno Chollet ,&nbsp;Delphine Serpin ,&nbsp;Lydie Canier ,&nbsp;Xavier de Montaudouin","doi":"10.1016/j.jip.2025.108462","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jip.2025.108462","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The protozoan parasite <em>Haplosporidium costale</em> is known to occur in the USA where it has been associated with sharp seasonal mortality of the Eastern oyster <em>Crassostrea virginica</em> since the 1960′s. In 2019, the parasite was detected for the first time in the Pacific oyster <em>Magallana gigas</em> in France in the context of light mortality and was subsequently detected in archived material collected since 2008. This detection raised several questions regarding the ability of the parasite to survive in the ecosystem and the potential involvement of other species in its life cycle. To answer these questions, an integrated sampling approach was deployed seasonally in three oyster farming areas where the parasite was known to occur. Parasite presence was evaluated after checking the presence of PCR inhibitors and using a previously developed and validated Real Time PCR assay, optimized in this study to detect parasite DNA in various environmental compartments. Parasite DNA was almost only detected in <em>M. gigas</em>. Considering the high number of oysters with low infection intensity, a complementary experiment was undertaken to better characterize sub-clinical infections in oysters. The presence of the parasite was tested twice a week in water and sediment from aquaria hosting <em>M. gigas</em> from a known infected site. After one month, oysters were sacrificed and tested using PCR or histology for the presence of the parasite at the tissular level. Altogether, field and experimental results indicate that the parasite is consistently established in oyster tissues, particularly in gills, which may act as a year-round reservoir of infection. The detection of parasite DNA in nanoplankton and sediment suggests that <em>H. costale</em> is released from the oysters in between mortality events. The potential for other species than <em>M. gigas</em>, particularly periwinkles, to be involved in the parasite life cycle deserves to be further investigated.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16296,"journal":{"name":"Journal of invertebrate pathology","volume":"214 ","pages":"Article 108462"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145131035","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}