Journal of invertebrate pathology最新文献

{"title":"Filling the gaps – New molecular and morphological data of gregarine apicomplexans colonising freshwater invertebrates","authors":"Anthony Allan-Cardoso ,&nbsp;Arne Schwelm ,&nbsp;Sonja Rückert","doi":"10.1016/j.jip.2026.108565","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jip.2026.108565","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Gregarines (Apicomplexa: Gregarinasina) are widespread protist symbionts of invertebrates, occupying roles across the symbiotic spectrum from mutualism to parasitism. Despite their ecological importance, they remain far less studied than other apicomplexans, leaving many aspects of their diversity, host specificity, and evolutionary history unresolved. This is particularly true for freshwater taxa for which only a handful of small subunit (SSU) rDNA sequences from species colonising freshwater hosts are available in public databases. In this study, we screened ten freshwater invertebrates (Arthropoda and Annelida) from streams and rivers in North-Rhine Westphalia, Germany, for gregarine infections. Nine eugregarine species were detected and described by combining light and electron microscopy with SSU rDNA sequencing data. We provide new host and locality records, ultrastructural observations, and molecular data for these gregarine species. The SSU phylogenetic analyses reveal a novel well-supported subclade within Gregarinoidea and support the reassignment of the family Metameridae to the Actinocephaloidea. Our findings expand the available molecular and morphological data for freshwater eugregarines and contribute to a clearer picture of their evolutionary relationships.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16296,"journal":{"name":"Journal of invertebrate pathology","volume":"216 ","pages":"Article 108565"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146149824","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bacterial genotype and infection host shape the potential for cheating and evolution of virulence during passage in Bacillus thuringiensis","authors":"Peter Morwool ,&nbsp;Neil Crickmore ,&nbsp;Ben Raymond","doi":"10.1016/j.jip.2026.108564","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jip.2026.108564","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Understanding the evolution of pathogen host range is a challenging problem but one that is important for emerging infections and for biocontrol. Theory predicts that sequential selection in multiple host species should select for broad host range. Using two genotypes of <em>B. thuringiensis</em> we tested whether selection in alternating host environments would produce bacteria with increased virulence in both hosts, relative to bacteria passaged in single host species (fall armyworm, <em>Spodoptera frugiperda</em> or diamondback moth, <em>Plutella xylostella</em>). Since the Cry toxins of <em>B. thuringiensis</em> are public goods that benefit groups of bacteria, not individual cells, we employed a passage design which provided reproductive benefits to groups of pathogens, based on infectivity. Passage of one bacterial genotype (<em>Bt morrisoni)</em> led to the loss of virulence, while the second genotype (<em>Bt galleriae</em>) evolved virulence that was dependent on selection treatment. In contrast to expectation, selection in <em>P. xylostella</em> produced lineages with increases in virulence in both hosts; selection in <em>S. frugiperda</em> led to very low virulence and the alternating host treatment produced intermediate levels of virulence. Modest increases in virulence were accompanied by a reduction in fitness, consistent with a cost of increased investment in virulence factors. In contrast, infection in <em>S. frugiperda</em> selected for cheaters that had reduced investment in Cry toxins and high competitive fitness within hosts. In conclusion, the selection favouring cheaters depended strongly on both host species and bacterial genotype. Importantly, the host (<em>P. xylostella</em>) that favoured cooperation produced mutants with gains in virulence across multiple hosts.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16296,"journal":{"name":"Journal of invertebrate pathology","volume":"216 ","pages":"Article 108564"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146125299","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Elevated virulence in TCP-PAI carrying strains indicates the pathogenicity island’s important role in Vibrio mediterranei pathogenicity to bivalves","authors":"Xiaohui Zou ,&nbsp;Haiyan Zhang ,&nbsp;Sheng Liu ,&nbsp;Junchao Xu ,&nbsp;Zhihua Lin ,&nbsp;Qinggang Xue","doi":"10.1016/j.jip.2026.108551","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jip.2026.108551","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Several <em>Vibrio</em> spp. are important shellfish pathogens. <em>Vibrio mediterranei</em>, notorious for its pathogenicity to bivalve larvae, contains a pathogenicity island, TCP-PAI, homologous to the <em>Vibrio cholerae</em> TCP gene cluster. This study explored the role of TCP-PAI in <em>V. mediterranei</em> pathogenicity by comparing TCP-PAI (+) and TCP-PAI (−) strains isolated from larval and juvenile Chinese razor clams (<em>Sinonovacula constricta</em>) and blood clams (<em>Tegillarca granosa</em>). Three independent PCR assays were developed to detect TCP-PAI, <em>tcpA</em>, and <em>tcpB</em>, respectively. The assay amplified a 949 bp band for TCP-PAI (−) strains, a 13375 bp band for TCP-PAI (+) strains, a 415 bp band for <em>tcpA</em>, and a 400 bp band for <em>tcpB</em>, with detection limits of 1.98 × 10³ copies/µL for TCP-PAI and 1.38 × 10³ copies/µL for <em>tcpA</em> and <em>tcpB</em>. A total of 352 <em>Vibrio</em> spp. isolates were collected from larval clams, including 300 from healthy razor clams, 6 from healthy blood clams, and 46 from diseased blood clams. Three isolates (1% of total) from healthy razor clams were identified as <em>V. mediterranei</em> and all were determined to be TCP-PAI (−). Ten isolates (21.7% of total) from diseased blood clams were identified as <em>V. mediterranei</em> and all were TCP-PAI (+). No <em>V. mediterranei</em> was detected in healthy blood clams. Infection experiments showed TCP-PAI (+) strains were associated with up to 99% and 96.67% mortality in razor clams and blood clams, respectively, significantly higher than TCP-PAI (−) strains (71% and 48.89%). These findings highlight TCP-PAI as a key virulence factor in <em>V. mediterranei</em> pathogenicity. The developed PCR assays provide a tool for further studies on TCP-PAI’s role and transmission, offering insights into <em>V. mediterranei</em> pathogenesis in bivalves.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16296,"journal":{"name":"Journal of invertebrate pathology","volume":"216 ","pages":"Article 108551"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146080036","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development of two quantitative real-time PCRs for the detection of Perkinsus beihaiensis and P. marinus","authors":"Kamila dos Santos Bezerra,&nbsp;Natanael Dantas Farias,&nbsp;Sofia Lucena de Oliveira Coutinho,&nbsp;Darlânia Santos da Silva,&nbsp;Patricia Mirella da Silva","doi":"10.1016/j.jip.2026.108530","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jip.2026.108530","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Oyster production is an expanding aquaculture activity worldwide. Protozoan parasites such as <em>Perkinsus</em> spp. affects bivalve populations in the Americas, Europe, and Asia, causing mass mortality in both cultured and wild populations. Their impact contributed to the depletion of natural resources, resulting in significant economic losses. A recent concern is the rapid spread of <em>Perkinsus</em> into regions far from their natural geographical areas, posing a threat to native mollusk populations. Since 2008, <em>Perkinsus</em> spp. has been detected among bivalves from Brazil. Two species (<em>P. olsenii</em> and <em>P. chesapeaki</em>) were sporadically observed. In contrast, two others (<em>P. marinus</em> and <em>P. beihaiensis</em>) are frequently detected in oyster populations, reaching high infection intensities and prevalences depending on the populations and species (<em>Crassostrea gasar, C. rhizophorae,</em> and <em>Magallana gigas</em>). Diagnosis based on molecular techniques, such as qPCR, has been developed to detect protozoan parasites, including <em>Perkinsus</em> spp.. However, the qPCRs developed for the diagnosis of <em>P. marinus</em> and <em>P. beihaiensis</em> have limitations; because they were not designed to distinguish among the seven species within the genus, they are neither fully specific nor validated. Considering the spread of <em>Perkinsus</em> spp. over the continents, prompted by several factors (environmental or anthropogenic), there is an urgent need to accurately detect <em>Perkinsus</em> species infecting hosts in areas of co-occurrence or coinfection. In the present study, we developed two species-specific qPCRs for the detection of these protozoan parasites <em>P. marinus</em> and <em>P. beihaiensis</em> that are spreading worldwide.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16296,"journal":{"name":"Journal of invertebrate pathology","volume":"216 ","pages":"Article 108530"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145966340","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ascosphaera apis invasion alters the expression pattern, alternative splicing and alternative polyadenylation of transcripts in the eastern honeybee larval gut","authors":"Jianfeng Qiu ,&nbsp;Fangji Wang ,&nbsp;Xiang Li ,&nbsp;Tao Wu ,&nbsp;Xin Jing ,&nbsp;Zhenzhen Zuo ,&nbsp;Jing Tian ,&nbsp;Dafu Chen ,&nbsp;Rui Guo","doi":"10.1016/j.jip.2026.108549","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jip.2026.108549","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The <em>Ascosphaera apis</em> infects the honeybee larval gut and causes chalkbrood disease, which impacts colony health and beekeeping production. Currently, the innate immune mechanisms by which honeybee larvae resist <em>A. apis</em> infection remain unclear. This study utilized nanopore sequencing technology to analyze differentially expressed transcripts (DETs) in <em>A. apis</em>-infected and uninfected <em>Apis cerana cerana</em> larval guts, and identified alternative splicing (AS) and alternative polyadenylation (APA) in honeybee genes. The results showed that 1,642, 1,281, and 1,377 DETs were detected on 1–3 days post-infection, respectively. Ten DETs were randomly selected from each group for RT-qPCR validation, and 26 DETs exhibited expression trends consistent with the nanopore sequencing results. A total of 5,476 AS events from 2,430 genes were identified in the larval guts during 1–3 days post-infection, with the number of AS events in the <em>A. apis</em>-infected group being higher than in the control group. Five randomly validated AS events matched the sequencing results. Additionally, 7,310 genes containing APA sites were identified, with the majority having more than five APA sites. Three genes were randomly selected, and their APA sites were validated. These findings provide preliminary insights into the roles of AS and APA at the transcript level in honeybee responses to <em>A. apis</em> infection.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16296,"journal":{"name":"Journal of invertebrate pathology","volume":"216 ","pages":"Article 108549"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146025469","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Insights into the Contortylenchus genitalicola (Tylenchida: Allantonematidae) parasitism in Monochamus alternatus (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) in China","authors":"Lichao Wang ,&nbsp;Huan Li ,&nbsp;Yajing Song ,&nbsp;Junwei Wang ,&nbsp;Muhammad Faizan Latif ,&nbsp;Chenning Zhang ,&nbsp;Ming Xu ,&nbsp;Min Li ,&nbsp;Fengmao Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.jip.2026.108561","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jip.2026.108561","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Contortylenchus genitalicola</em> is a nematode species belonging to the family Allantonematidae that parasitizes the reproductive organs of <em>Monochamus alternatus</em>. This nematode was first reported in Japan, but the information regarding its occurrence in China remains limited, including parasitic insect species, geographical distribution, and suitable fungi for its reproduction. Here, we determined the nematode taxonomic status by observing its entomoparasitic and mycetophagous morphology and obtained <em>18S</em>, <em>28S,</em> and <em>COI</em> sequences. A total of 11 Cerambycid species were inspected, and nematodes were recovered only in <em>M. alternatus</em> and <em>Spondylis buprestoides</em>, with the former being the primary beetle host. Subsequently, <em>M. alternatus</em> were collected from 12 pine forests across 6 provinces, and it was found that <em>M. alternatus</em> distributed in 10 pine forests in 5 provinces were parasitized by this nematode. Among the eight fungal species screened for nematode propagation, isolates <em>Colletotrichum siamense</em> and <em>Sphaeropsis sapinea</em> are suitable fungi for <em>C. genitalicola</em>. Our findings define the beetle hosts and geographical distribution of <em>C. genitalicola</em> in China and confirm the suitable fungal host for nematode reproduction, thereby providing a solid scientific foundation for exploiting this nematode in biological control targeting <em>M. alternatus.</em></div></div>","PeriodicalId":16296,"journal":{"name":"Journal of invertebrate pathology","volume":"216 ","pages":"Article 108561"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146105681","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Estimation of white spot syndrome virus severity grades dynamics in whiteleg shrimp (Penaeus vannamei) during the disease transition process","authors":"Min Jae Kim ,&nbsp;Kwang Il Kim","doi":"10.1016/j.jip.2026.108546","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jip.2026.108546","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>White spot syndrome virus (WSSV), the causative agent of white spot disease (WSD), is a major threat to global shrimp aquaculture. Regular WSSV monitoring is essential for disease management, and severity grades may serve as indicators for evaluating shrimp health and anticipating the risk of outbreaks. This study aimed to elucidate the relationships among WSSV replication properties, severity grades, and disease transition dynamics in whiteleg shrimp using an intramuscular challenge (Exp. 1) to establish a controlled infection and immersion challenge (Exp. 2) to simulate the natural transmission. In Exp. 1, severity grades were associated with distinct viral replication phases, with the eclipse, logarithmic, and plateau phases corresponding to G0–G1, G2–G3, and G4 grades. In Exp. 2, the transition rate from asymptomatic to ill (<em>λ_ai</em>) peaked at 40–48 h post-infection (hpi, 0.24), approximately 24 h earlier than the transition from ill to deceased (<em>λ_id</em>) at 64–72 hpi (0.28). Collectively, shrimp remained asymptomatic but shed virus during the eclipse phase (G0–G1; 0–48 hpi), whereas anorexia and moribundity appeared during the logarithmic phase (G2–G3; 48–72 hpi), followed by extensive mortality in the plateau phase (G4; 72–120 hpi). Accordingly, the results of the present study suggest that shrimp exhibiting G0–G1 grades are likely to represent chronic infection, whereas grades ≥ G2 indicate ongoing disease progression. The correlations identified between severity grades and disease transition provide a practical framework for interpreting longitudinal WSSV monitoring data and improving risk assessment and management in shrimp aquaculture.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16296,"journal":{"name":"Journal of invertebrate pathology","volume":"216 ","pages":"Article 108546"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146018632","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Complete genome characterization of Diaphorina citri picorna-like virus from China and a proposal for the new family Psylloidiviridae","authors":"Dee Du ,&nbsp;Yixuan Kuang ,&nbsp;Yuting Jiang ,&nbsp;Ying Wang ,&nbsp;Mengji Cao ,&nbsp;Aijun Huang","doi":"10.1016/j.jip.2026.108562","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jip.2026.108562","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The Asian citrus psyllid, <em>Diaphorina citri</em>, is the primary vector of ‘<em>Candidatus</em> Liberibacter asiaticus’(CLas), the causal agent of citrus Huanglongbing. Insect viruses are increasingly recognized as important factors influencing vector biology and potential tools for pest management. Here, we report the complete genomes of 13 Chinese isolates of Diaphorina citri picorna-like virus (DcPLV). Genomic characterization revealed an overall picornavirus-like organization but with distinctive features, such as an inverted protein order and a novel IRES. Phylogenetic and pairwise identity analyses placed DcPLV within the order <em>Picornavirales</em>, where it forms a distinct lineage related to, yet deeply divergent from, members of the family <em>Iflaviridae</em>, sharing less than 40% polyprotein identity with all known iflaviruses. Based on this substantial divergence in genome organization, IRES structure, and sequence, we propose the establishment of a new family, “<em>Psylloidiviridae</em>”, and a new genus, “<em>Psylloidivirus</em>”, to accommodate DcPLV and related viruses.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16296,"journal":{"name":"Journal of invertebrate pathology","volume":"216 ","pages":"Article 108562"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146080034","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Analysis of 1980s and 1990s Varroa destructor samples from Uruguay provides insights into its spread and increasing virulence","authors":"Paula Parada ,&nbsp;Ciro Invernizzi ,&nbsp;Juan Pablo Campá ,&nbsp;Ivanna Tomasco","doi":"10.1016/j.jip.2026.108535","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jip.2026.108535","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Varroa destructor</em> mites are the main biotic threat to honey bees. Mites entered Uruguay in 1978, but remarkably, for the next 20 years, it was not a significant problem for honey bees. Sequencing partially the mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase I gene and genotyping two hypervariable nuclear loci of mite samples from the 1980s and 1990s showed that these correspond to the Korean haplotype and did not differ from current mite samples. These results contribute to the discussion on the spread of <em>V. destructor</em> in South America and its increased virulence in Uruguay.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16296,"journal":{"name":"Journal of invertebrate pathology","volume":"216 ","pages":"Article 108535"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146003629","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Characterization and potential application of Thurincin H as an alternative to antibiotics in the control of Streptococcus iniae","authors":"María Zulema Juárez-Cortés ,&nbsp;Luz Edith Casados Vázquez ,&nbsp;Alma Rosa Rivera Camacho ,&nbsp;Marcial Arellano Martínez ,&nbsp;Tomas Ortíz Rodríguez ,&nbsp;Sergio Francisco Martínez Díaz ,&nbsp;César Salvador Cardona-Félix","doi":"10.1016/j.jip.2026.108550","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jip.2026.108550","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In aquaculture, controlling emerging pathogenic bacteria is crucial, making the search for new antimicrobials a priority. We evaluated the antibacterial activity against <em>Streptococcus iniae</em> under <em>in vitro</em> and <em>in vivo</em> conditions of the bacteriocin Thurincin H (ThurH), recombinantly produced in <em>Bacillus thuringiensis</em> genotype Cry-B-pThur and purified via molecular weight screening. The results show that ThurH is stable in seawater and inhibits the growth of <em>S. iniae</em> by 100% at 70 µg/ml, with a MIC of 35 µg/ml. Bactericidal activity was observed within the first 10 min (16 MIC), eliminating 100% of viable cells. The <em>in vivo</em> assay with <em>Artemia franciscana</em> demonstrated that ThurH is non-toxic at 1000 µg/ml. Challenge tests with <em>A. franciscana</em> at 100 mL (4 artemias/mL) and histological analysis demonstrated the efficacy of ThurH in <em>in vivo</em> trials, improving organism survival with two doses (MIC). These results demonstrate for the first time in an <em>in vivo</em> assay that ThurH has potential as an antimicrobial against <em>S. iniae</em> in aquaculture.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16296,"journal":{"name":"Journal of invertebrate pathology","volume":"216 ","pages":"Article 108550"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146105721","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}